CN103014443B - A kind of rare earth aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of rare earth aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of rare earth aluminium alloy and preparation method, comprise: the Si of 0.7 ~ 1.3wt%, the RE of the Mg of the Mn of 0.4 ~ 1.0wt%, 0.6 ~ 1.2wt%, 0.1 ~ 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Fe of 0.5wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Cr of 0.25wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Zn of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Ti of 0.1wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to 0.1wt%Cu, the aluminium of surplus.Owing to adding a small amount of rare earth element in aluminium alloy, rare earth element with gas and manyly nonmetally can have stronger avidity, generates the compound that fusing point is higher, therefore has certain dehydrogenation, refining and cleaning action; Meanwhile, rare earth element optionally can also adsorb on the crystal grain boundary of growing up, and hinders the growth of crystal grain, makes grain refining, thus improves the intensity of aluminium alloy, improves its processing characteristics.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of alloy, particularly relate to a kind of rare earth aluminium alloy and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the high speed development of Chinese national economy, the demand of the industry such as communications and transportation, Structural Engineering to the aluminium alloy extrusions of high-performance, compound section increases day by day.This type of industrial section bar is mostly 6000 line aluminium alloys that can realize press quenching after extrusion, wherein 6082 aluminium alloy application are comparatively extensive, it is can the aluminum alloy plate materials of heat treatment reinforcement, there is medium tenacity and good welding property, erosion resistance, be mainly used in communications and transportation and Structural Engineering industry.
6082 aluminium alloys are a kind of Al-Mg-Si system alloys, and its chemical composition comprises: the Si of 0.7 ~ 1.3wt%; Be less than or equal to the Fe of 0.5wt%; Be less than or equal to the Cu of 0.10wt%; The Mn of 0.4 ~ 1.0wt%; The Mg of 0.6 ~ 1.2wt%; Be less than or equal to the Cr of 0.25wt%; Be less than or equal to the Zn of 0.20wt%; Be less than or equal to the Ti of 0.10wt% and the aluminium of surplus.The main strengthening phase that can be formed in 6082 aluminium alloys is Mg
2si, the Si in alloy are except forming Mg
2outside Si phase, also have part Si residue, superfluous Si is conducive to alloy strengthening.Mn or Cr in alloy can promote the formation of intracrystalline intermetallic compound, and this compound can improve the resistance to impact shock of material.Mn or Cr can reduce the disadvantageous effect of superfluous Si to plasticity, also can put forward heavy alloyed corrosion stability.The Cu added in alloy, can improve ageing strengthening effect, but can reduce plasticity and corrosion stability.Fe and Zn a small amount of in alloy is little to the intensity effect of aluminium alloy, but low-alloyed solidity to corrosion can fall in Fe.Room-temperature mechanical property tensile strength >=the 310MPa of existing 6082 aluminium alloy extrusions, unit elongation >=10%, but its processing characteristics as section bar is poor.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide the preparation method of rare earth aluminium alloy that a kind of mechanical property is higher and rare earth aluminum alloy structural section, and rare earth aluminum alloy structural section provided by the invention has good processing characteristics.
In view of this, the invention provides a kind of rare earth aluminium alloy, comprising:
Si 0.7wt%~1.3wt%；
Mn 0.4wt%~1.0wt%；
Mg 0.6wt%1.2wt%；
RE 0.1wt%~0.2wt%；
Fe is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
Cr is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
Zn is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.2wt%;
Ti is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
Cu is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
The aluminium of surplus.
Preferably, described RE is one or more in lanthanum, cerium and yttrium.
Preferably, the content of described Mn is 0.6wt% ~ 0.8wt%.
Preferably, the content of described Fe is 0.35 ~ 0.48wt%.
Preferably, the content of described Ti is 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.
Preferably, the content of described Cu is 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.
Preferably, the content of described RE is 0.12 ~ 0.18wt%.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of rare earth aluminum alloy structural section, comprise the following steps:
Cast the rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting of following composition: the Si of 0.7wt% ~ 1.3wt%, the Mn of 0.4wt% ~ 1.0wt%, the Mg of 0.6wt% ~ 1.2wt%, the RE of 0.1wt% ~ 0.2wt%, is greater than zero and is less than or equal to the Fe of 0.5wt%, is greater than zero and is less than or equal to the Cr of 0.25wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Zn of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Ti of 0.1wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to 0.1wt%Cu, the aluminium of surplus;
Described rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting is carried out homogenization treatment;
Rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting after homogenization treatment is extruded, obtains rare earth aluminum alloy structural section.
Preferably, the temperature of described homogenization treatment is 500 ~ 550 DEG C, and the time is 8 ~ 10h.
Preferably, also comprise after obtaining rare earth aluminum alloy structural section:
Described rare earth aluminum alloy structural section is carried out ageing treatment, and the temperature of described ageing treatment is 170 ~ 200 DEG C, and the time is 8 ~ 10h.
The invention provides a kind of rare earth aluminium alloy, comprise: the Si of 0.7 ~ 1.3wt%, the RE of the Mg of the Mn of 0.4 ~ 1.0wt%, 0.6 ~ 1.2wt%, 0.1 ~ 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Fe of 0.5wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Cr of 0.25wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Zn of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Ti of 0.1wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to 0.1wt%Cu, the aluminium of surplus.The present invention adds the rare earth element of trace in rare earth aluminium alloy, because rare earth element is very active, gas and the much nonmetal stronger avidity that has such as itself and hydrogen, can generate the compound that fusing point is higher, therefore have certain dehydrogenation, refining and cleaning action; Meanwhile, Rare-Earth Element Chemistry activity is extremely strong, and it optionally can adsorb on the crystal grain boundary of growing up, and hinders the growth of crystal grain, makes grain refining, thus improves the intensity of aluminium alloy, improves its processing characteristics.Rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting is in extrusion process, and extrusion speed significantly improves, and with regard to identical bar, extrusion time tapers to 3min by original 10min; After Mechanics Performance Testing, the tensile strength of aluminium alloy is 330 ~ 350MPa, and unit elongation is 13% ~ 15%.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention further, below in conjunction with embodiment, the preferred embodiment of the invention is described, but should be appreciated that these describe just for further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention, instead of limiting to the claimed invention.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of rare earth aluminium alloy, comprising:
Si 0.7~1.3wt%；
Mn 0.4~1.0wt%；
Mg 0.6~1.2wt%；
RE 0.1~0.2wt%；
Fe is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
Cr is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
Zn is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.2wt%;
Ti is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
Cu is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
The aluminium of surplus.
The present invention adds the rare earth element of trace in 6082 aluminium alloys, rare earth element due to the solid solubility in aluminium quite little, its solution strengthening thing Precipitation strengthening effect is not obvious, therefore its application in aluminium alloy, the mainly purification of alloy liquid, degasification, removal of impurities and rotten dispersion-strengthened action.Because rare earth element is very active, very easily with gas (as hydrogen), nonmetal (as sulphur) and metal function, generate corresponding stable compound; And the atomic radius of rare earth element is greater than common metal as lead, magnesium etc., the solid solubility in these metals is extremely low, almost can not form sosoloid.Rare earth element joins the effect can playing microalloying in aluminium alloy; In addition, gas and the much nonmetal stronger avidity that has such as it and hydrogen, can generate the compound that fusing point is high, therefore it has the effect of certain dehydrogenation, refining and purification; Meanwhile, Rare-Earth Element Chemistry activity is extremely strong, optionally can adsorb on the crystal grain boundary of growing up, and hinders the growth of crystal grain, thus causes grain refining, have rotten effect, thus improves the intensity of aluminium alloy, improves its processing characteristics.The content of described RE is 0.1 ~ 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.12wt% ~ 0.18wt%, the rare earth element that the present invention adds, and is preferably one or more in lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) and yttrium (Y).
Manganese element in rare earth aluminium alloy can promote the formation of intracrystalline intermetallic compound, and this compound can improve the resistance to impact shock of material; Manganese can also reduce the disadvantageous effect of superfluous element silicon to plasticity, puies forward heavy alloyed corrosion stability.The content of described Mn is 0.4 ~ 1.0wt%, is preferably 0.6 ~ 0.8wt%.
Element silicon in rare earth aluminium alloy and magnesium form strengthening phase Mg
2si, and also have superfluous Si, superfluous Si is conducive to alloy strengthening.Then the content of described silicon is 0.7 ~ 1.3wt%, is preferably 0.9 ~ 1.0wt%.
According to the present invention, also added ferro element, chromium element, magnesium elements, zinc element and titanium elements in described rare earth aluminium alloy, the content of described Fe is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.5wt%, is preferably 0.35 ~ 0.48wt%, is more preferably 0.45wt%.The content of described chromium is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.25wt%, is preferably 0.15wt% ~ 0.20wt%.The content of described magnesium is 0.6 ~ 1.2wt%, is preferably 0.8 ~ 1.0wt%.The content of described zinc is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.2wt%, is preferably 0.18 ~ 0.10wt%, is more preferably 0.15wt%.The content of described titanium is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.1wt%, is preferably 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.Copper in aluminium alloy can improve ageing strengthening effect, but can have an impact with the plasticity of alloy and corrosion stability, and the content of described Cu, for being greater than zero and being less than or equal to 0.1wt%, is preferably 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.
Present invention also offers a kind of preparation method of rare earth aluminum alloy structural section, comprise the steps:
Cast the rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting of following composition: the Si of 0.7 ~ 1.3wt%, the Mn of 0.4 ~ 1.0wt%, the Mg of 0.6 ~ 1.2wt%, the RE of 0.1 ~ 0.2wt%, is less than or equal to the Fe of 0.5wt%, is less than or equal to the C of 0.25wt%, be less than or equal to the Zn of 0.2wt%, be less than or equal to the Ti of 0.1wt%, be less than or equal to 0.1wt%Cu, the aluminium of surplus;
Described rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting is carried out homogenization treatment;
Rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting after homogenization treatment is extruded, obtains rare earth aluminum alloy structural section.
According to the present invention, first get the raw materials ready according to the composition in rare earth aluminium alloy and content, cast rare earth aluminium alloy cast ingot, because the fusing point of rare earth and Al, density difference are larger, during for preventing melting, rare-earth precipitation is bottom alloy, causes component segregation, needs first to prepare rare earth aluminium intermediate alloy.When smelting aluminium alloy, rare earth adds melt with the form of rare earth aluminium intermediate alloy.
Preferably, the preparation process of described rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting is specially: first add aluminium ingot in a furnace, add silicon, iron, manganese, chromium, magnesium, zinc, titanium and copper again, refining 1h at melting latter 750 DEG C completely after heating and melting, at 700 ~ 900 DEG C, leave standstill insulation, obtain aluminium alloy melt; Then adopting nitrogen alloy melt to carry out first time degasification takes off assorted, is added in smelting furnace by rare earth aluminium intermediate alloy, until melt completely, then carry out secondary degasification and take off assorted, finally standing 30min, namely obtains aluminium alloy cast ingot.
After prepared by rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting, after air-cooled for rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting, carry out homogenization treatment, described homogenization treatment can make rare earth aluminium alloy inside ingot homogeneous microstructure, and the temperature of described homogenization treatment is preferably 500 ~ 550 DEG C, and the time is preferably 8 ~ 10h.Then extruded by the rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting after homogenization treatment, rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting is preferably squeezed into section bar by the present invention on 6000 tons of extrusion machines.In order to make rare earth aluminum alloy structural section interior tissue more even, eliminate the internal stress in forging and extrusion process, the present invention preferably carries out ageing treatment to described section bar, and the temperature of described ageing treatment is preferably 170 ~ 200 DEG C, and the time of described ageing treatment is preferably 8 ~ 10h.
Add rare earth element in original 6082 aluminium alloys after, in extrusion process, find that profile extrusion speed is significantly improved, the extrusion time of an equal length bar tapers to 3min by original 10min, speed improves more than 3 times, thus reduce energy consumption significantly, improve working efficiency.The surface topography of extruded section is much brighter and cleaner than original, does not have trickle cut, improves the visual appearance of product.After Mechanics Performance Testing, tensile strength is 330MPa ~ 350MPa, and unit elongation reaches 13 ~ 15%.From mechanical property, after adding rare earth element, tensile strength improves about 10%, and unit elongation has raising by a relatively large margin.
The invention provides a kind of rare earth aluminium alloy, comprise: the Si of 0.7 ~ 1.3wt%, the RE of the Mg of the Mn of 0.4 ~ 1.0wt%, 0.6 ~ 1.2wt%, 0.1 ~ 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Fe of 0.5wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Cr of 0.25wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Zn of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Ti of 0.1wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to 0.1wt%Cu, the aluminium of surplus.The present invention has added rare earth element micro-in rare earth aluminium alloy, and because rare earth element is very active, gas and many nonmetal stronger avidity that have such as itself and hydrogen, can generate the compound that fusing point is higher, therefore have certain dehydrogenation, refining and cleaning action; Meanwhile, Rare-Earth Element Chemistry activity is extremely strong, and it optionally can adsorb on the crystal grain boundary of growing up, and hinders the growth of crystal grain, makes grain refining, thus improves the intensity of aluminium alloy, improves its processing characteristics.Aluminium alloy cast ingot is in extrusion process, and extrusion speed significantly improves, and with regard to identical bar, extrusion time tapers to 3min by original 10min; After Mechanics Performance Testing, the tensile strength of aluminium alloy extrusions is 330 ~ 350MPa, and unit elongation is 13% ~ 15%.
In order to understand the present invention further, be described in detail to rare earth aluminium alloy provided by the invention and preparation method thereof below in conjunction with embodiment, protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Embodiment 1
Step one: get the raw materials ready according to the composition of rare earth aluminium alloy, in one ton of 6082 aluminium alloy, comprises the Si of 7kg, the Cu of the Ti of the Zn of the Mg of the Cr of the Mn of the Fe of 4.5kg, 10kg, 2.1kg, 10kg, 1.5kg, 0.8kg, 0.8kg.
Step 2: first add aluminium ingot in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt completely, adds getting the raw materials ready of step one, and makes it to melt completely, refining 1 hour at 750 DEG C by formula rate, leaves standstill insulation, obtain alloy melt after refining at 700 DEG C.
Step 3: adopt nitrogen alloy melt to carry out first time degasification and take off assorted, the rare earth aluminium intermediate alloy containing 2kg rare earth, until after completion of the reaction, is added smelting furnace by Continuous aeration, until melt completely, carry out secondary degasification again and take off assorted process, finally leave standstill 30min, come out of the stove.
Step 4: after ingot casting step 3 obtained is air-cooled, homogenization treatment 8h at 550 ± 5 DEG C.
Step 5: ingot casting step 4 obtained is squeezed into section bar on 6000 tons of extrusion machines, then ageing treatment 8h at 175 ± 5 DEG C.
The rare earth aluminum alloy structural section obtained is carried out Mechanics Performance Testing, and the tensile strength of prepared aluminium alloy is 350MPa, and unit elongation reaches 13%.
Embodiment 2:
Step one: get the raw materials ready according to the composition of rare earth aluminium alloy, in one ton of 6082 aluminium alloy, comprises the Si of 10kg, the Cu of the Ti of the Zn of the Mg of the Cr of the Mn of the Fe of 4.5kg, 8kg, 2kg, 12kg, 1.5kg, 0.8kg, 0.8kg.
Step 2: first add aluminium ingot in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt completely, adds getting the raw materials ready of step one, and makes it to melt completely, refining 1 hour at 750 DEG C by formula rate, leaves standstill insulation, obtain alloy melt after refining at 800 DEG C.
Step 3: adopt nitrogen alloy melt to carry out first time degasification and take off assorted, the rare earth aluminium intermediate alloy containing 1.5kg rare earth, until after completion of the reaction, is added smelting furnace by Continuous aeration, until melt completely, carry out secondary degasification again and take off assorted process, finally leave standstill 30min, come out of the stove.
Step 4: after ingot casting step 3 obtained is air-cooled, homogenization treatment 8h at 550 ± 5 DEG C.
Step 5: ingot casting step 4 obtained is squeezed into section bar on 6000 tons of extrusion machines, then ageing treatment 8h at 175 ± 5 DEG C.
The rare earth aluminum alloy structural section obtained is carried out Mechanics Performance Testing, and the tensile strength of prepared aluminium alloy is at 330MPa, and unit elongation reaches 15%.
Embodiment 3:
Step one: get the raw materials ready according to the composition of aluminium alloy, in one ton of 6082 aluminium alloy, comprises the Si of 13kg, the Cu of the Ti of the Zn of the Mg of the Cr of the Mn of the Fe of 4.5kg, 10kg, 2kg, 9kg, 1.5kg, 0.8kg, 0.8kg.
Step 2: first add aluminium ingot in smelting furnace, heating makes it to melt completely, adds getting the raw materials ready of step one, and makes it to melt completely, refining 1 hour at 750 DEG C by formula rate, leaves standstill insulation, obtain alloy melt after refining at 900 DEG C.
Step 3: adopt nitrogen alloy melt to carry out first time degasification and take off assorted, the rare earth aluminium intermediate alloy containing 1kg rare earth, until after completion of the reaction, is added smelting furnace by Continuous aeration, until melt completely, carry out secondary degasification again and take off assorted process, finally leave standstill 30min, come out of the stove.
Step 4: after ingot casting step 3 obtained is air-cooled, at 550 ± 5 DEG C of homogenization treatment 8h.
Step 5: ingot casting step 4 obtained is squeezed into section bar on 6000 tons of extrusion machines, then at 175 ± 5 DEG C of ageing treatment 8h.
The rare earth aluminum alloy structural section obtained is carried out Mechanics Performance Testing, and the tensile strength of prepared aluminium alloy is at 340MPa, and unit elongation reaches 14%.
The explanation of above embodiment just understands method of the present invention and core concept thereof for helping.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improve and modify and also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, professional and technical personnel in the field are realized or uses the present invention.To be apparent for those skilled in the art to the multiple amendment of these embodiments, General Principle as defined herein can without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, realize in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention can not be restricted to these embodiments shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (5)
1. a preparation method for rare earth aluminum alloy structural section, comprises the following steps:
Cast the rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting of following composition: the Si of 0.7wt% ~ 1.3wt%, the Mn of 0.4wt% ~ 1.0wt%, the Mg of 0.6wt% ~ 1.2wt%, the RE of 0.12wt% ~ 0.18wt%, is greater than zero and is less than or equal to the Fe of 0.5wt%, is greater than zero and is less than or equal to the Cr of 0.25wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Zn of 0.2wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to the Ti of 0.1wt%, be greater than zero and be less than or equal to 0.1wt%Cu, the aluminium of surplus;
Described RE is one or more in lanthanum, cerium and yttrium;
Described rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting is carried out homogenization treatment;
The temperature of described homogenization treatment is 500 ~ 550 DEG C, and the time is 8 ~ 10h;
Rare earth aluminium alloy ingot casting after homogenization treatment is carried out extruding and ageing treatment, obtains rare earth aluminum alloy structural section;
The temperature of described ageing treatment is 170 ~ 200 DEG C, and the time is 8 ~ 10h;
The described rare earth aluminum alloy structural section obtained, comprising:
Si 0.7wt％～1.3wt％；
Mn 0.4wt％～1.0wt％；
Mg 0.6wt％～1.2wt％；
RE 0.12wt％～018wt％；
Fe is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.5wt%;
Cr is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.25wt%;
Zn is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.2wt%;
Ti is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
Cu is greater than zero and is less than or equal to 0.1wt%;
The aluminium of surplus;
Described RE is one or more in lanthanum, cerium and yttrium.
2. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in the aluminium alloy extrusions that obtains the content of Mn be 0.6wt% ~ 0.8wt%.
3. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in the aluminium alloy extrusions that obtains the content of Fe be 0.35 ~ 0.48wt%.
4. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in the aluminium alloy extrusions that obtains the content of Ti be 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.
5. preparation method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in the aluminium alloy extrusions that obtains the content of Cu be 0.03 ~ 0.08wt%.
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| CN106011507A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-10-12 | 江苏大学 | Al-Mg-Si-Y rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN106282695B (en) * | 2016-11-07 | 2018-01-16 | 江苏理工学院 | A kind of 6061 aluminium alloys of rare earth doped Yt and preparation method thereof |
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