CN114892051A - Aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/057—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with copper as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the transmission shaft tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.6 to 1.0 percent; cu: 0.5 to 0.7 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; mn: 0.2 to 0.5 percent; mg: 0.7 to 1.0 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; wherein the rare earth element Sc: 0.1-0.2%; ce: 0.15-0.25%; la: 0.15-0.25% and the balance of Al; the manufacturing method comprises the following steps: batching → smelting → casting → ingot homogenizing → extrusion → annealing → cold rolling → solution quenching → artificial aging → straightening. Has the advantages that: the invention provides an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube, which meets the mechanical property requirement of an automobile on the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube; the deformation in the cold rolling process is improved, the transmission shaft tube is prevented from cracking in the cold rolling process, the forming rate of the transmission shaft tube is improved, the machining process of the transmission shaft tube is simplified, and the efficiency is improved.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a manufacturing method of an automobile transmission shaft tube, in particular to an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background art:
the transmission shaft is an important part in a chassis system of a commercial vehicle, is made of steel materials at present, and is widely applied to No. 45 steel. With the development of light weight of automobiles, aluminum alloy materials are gradually adopted to replace steel materials, the weight can be reduced to about 1/3, the oil consumption is reduced, and the method has great significance for realizing weight reduction and emission reduction.
The patent with publication number CN112853176A discloses a high-strength aluminum alloy for an automobile transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof, the performance of the material reaches that the tensile strength is more than or equal to 450MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 420MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 11%, the strength of a welded joint after welding meets the requirement that the base metal reaches more than 70%, but the magnesium content in the aluminum alloy disclosed in the patent is higher than 1.2-1.8%, the transmission shaft tube cannot be prepared by cold rolling treatment, if the aluminum alloy is subjected to the cold rolling treatment, cracks can appear, and further, the prepared part can be directly scrapped, so that the material waste, the cost increase and the efficiency are low.
The patent with publication number CN113684401A discloses an aluminum alloy for a high-service transmission shaft and a preparation method thereof, the performance of the aluminum alloy meets the requirements of 380-450 MPa of tensile strength, 350-420 MPa of yield strength, 10-12% of elongation and 125-145 HB of hardness, the strength of a welding line is higher than 75% of that of a base metal, the yield torque is larger than 1.5 times of rated torque, and the fatigue life of the transmission shaft reaches 28.5 ten thousand times. However, the aluminum alloy disclosed in the patent has a high magnesium content of 1.05-1.9%, and cannot be cold-rolled to prepare the transmission shaft tube, and if the aluminum alloy is cold-rolled, cracks occur, so that the transmission shaft tube is forged by adopting a forging mode, but the forged transmission shaft tube has poor precision, needs to be subjected to finish machining again, and has complex and complicated processes and low efficiency.
The invention content is as follows:
in view of the above, the present invention provides an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube and a manufacturing method thereof, and the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube provided by the invention meets the mechanical property requirements of automobiles on the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube.
The technical scheme of the invention discloses an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.6 to 1.0 percent; cu: 0.5 to 0.7 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; mn: 0.2 to 0.5 percent; mg: 0.7 to 1.0 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; wherein the rare earth element Sc: 0.1-0.2%; ce: 0.15-0.25%; la: 0.15-0.25% and the balance of Al.
The design concept of the components of the invention is as follows:
mg and Si are added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube material to fully play the aging effect of main alloy elements Mg and Si (the main strengthening item is Mg 2 Si). On the basis, the proportion of Mg and Si elements is optimized. From the AI-Mg-Si equilibrium diagram (as shown in FIG. 1), when Mg: 1.17%, Si: when the content of the element is 0.68% (when the mass ratio of Mg to Si is 1.73), a pseudo-binary eutectic cross section is formed, the left and right sides of the cross section have a eutectic system, and alpha (Al) Mg is formed on the side close to Si 2 The Si triple-phase region has the greatest strength (after heat treatment). The slight excess of Si promotes the precipitation of atom clusters on one hand, so that the size of the strengthening phase is smaller; on the other hand, a slight excess of Si forms a beta phase or Fe with Fe (when Si is larger than Fe) 2 Si 2 Al 9 The triphase compound serves as a nucleation particle during the crystallization of crystal grains and plays a role in refining the crystal grains, so that a small amount of Fe is also added into the alloy and is controlled within 0.3 percent. Slight excess of Si pairsThe strength of the product is improved; however, when the content of Mg in the alloy is too high, cracks appear on a transmission shaft tube which is cold rolled in the later period, so that the content range of Si in the designed alloy is 0.6-1.0%, and the content range of Mg is 0.7-1.0%.
Cu is added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube. Can improve the plasticity during hot working, enhance the heat treatment strengthening effect, inhibit the extrusion effect and reduce the anisotropy of the alloy after Mn is added. When the amount of Cu is relatively high, the tendency of heat cracking of the welded joint is increased, and therefore, the Cu content of the alloy is in the range of 0.5 to 0.7%.
Cr is added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube material, and Mg can be inhibited 2 The precipitation of the Si phase in the crystal boundary delays the natural aging process and improves the strength after artificial aging. Cr can refine grains, so that the recrystallized grains are slender, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved. However, excessive Cr forms a large insoluble phase with Fe and is likely to be a fatigue crack source, and thus the Cr content is designed to be 0.1 to 0.2%.
Mn is added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube, so that the strength can be improved, and the corrosion resistance, the impact toughness and the bending property can be improved. However, excessive Mn forms an AlMgSi phase with Si, which reduces the alloy strengthening effect and also causes intergranular segregation. Therefore, the Mn content is designed to be 0.2-0.5%.
Ti and Zn are added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube. Ti can further refine grains and improve the fine grain strengthening effect of the alloy, and Zn can promote Mg in the aging process 2 Si is precipitated, and the aging response speed of the alloy is improved.
Rare earth elements Sc, Ce and La are added into the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube. The rare earth elements are added into the aluminum alloy, so that the super-cooling of the components is increased during the casting of the aluminum alloy, the crystal grains are refined, the secondary crystal spacing is reduced, the gas mixing inclusion in the aluminum alloy is reduced, and the inclusion phase tends to be spheroidized. The surface tension of the melt can be reduced, the fluidity is increased, the casting into ingots is facilitated, the process performance is obviously influenced, and the deterioration of the magnesium-containing aluminum alloy can be excited. The addition amount of the rare earth elements is as follows: 0.1-0.2%; 0.15 to 0.25 percent of Ce; la: 0.15 to 0.25 percent.
The technical scheme of the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube, which comprises the following specific manufacturing processes: batching → smelting → casting → ingot homogenizing → extrusion → annealing → cold rolling → solution quenching → artificial aging → straightening.
Further, the casting procedure adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare the aluminum alloy ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-ion 277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled at 100-ion 130m 3 /h。
Further, the ingot homogenizing treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
Further, the extrusion process specifically includes: preheating the aluminum alloy cast rod with the length of 0.35-0.40m to 440-520 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy cast rod into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter of phi 102-156mm in an extruder (2500T double-acting extruder, manufacturer: Yuan-Source mechanical manufacturing Co., Ltd., No. Sn); wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; when in extrusion forming, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after being extruded.
Further, before preheating, removing oxide skin on the surface of the aluminum alloy cast rod.
Further, the annealing process specifically includes: and heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then loading the seamless pipe into the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 2-5 h after the surface temperature of the seamless pipe rises to 400-450 ℃, then discharging the seamless pipe and air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
Further, the cold rolling process specifically comprises: and (2) carrying out one-step cold rolling on the blank pipe by adopting a two-roller pipe rolling machine (manufacturer: Xintong machinery manufacturing Co., Ltd.; model: LG-150-G) at the room temperature of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 70-80%, and the feeding speed of the two-roller pipe rolling machine is 15-40 r/min in the cold rolling process, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy pipe with the outer diameter of phi 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000 + 7000 mm.
Further, the solution quenching process specifically includes: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, putting the aluminum alloy pipe into the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and then immersing the aluminum alloy pipe into water at 10-35 ℃, wherein the transfer time is not more than 20 s.
Further, the artificial aging process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h, aging, and then naturally cooling.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention provides an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube, which has the mechanical properties of 400-430 Mpa tensile strength, 380-405 Mpa yield strength, 10-13% elongation and 115-130HB hardness, and meets the mechanical property requirements of an automobile on the aluminum alloy transmission shaft tube.
2. The content of Mg element in the aluminum alloy of the transmission shaft tube is reduced, and the rare earth elements Sc, Ce and La are added, so that the tissue crystal grains in the cast alloy are fine and uniform, the deformation in the cold rolling process is improved, the transmission shaft tube is prevented from cracking in the cold rolling process, and the forming rate of the transmission shaft tube is improved.
3. The transmission shaft tube prepared by cold deformation, solution quenching, artificial aging and straightening by the method disclosed by the invention has high precision and can be directly used for assembling an automobile transmission shaft without secondary finish machining, so that the processing procedure of the transmission shaft tube is simplified, and the efficiency is improved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an AI-Mg-Si equilibrium diagram.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of the cold-rolled tube, wherein (a) is a photograph of the cold-rolled tube of example 2, (b) is a photograph of the cold-rolled tube of comparative example 1, and (c) is a photograph of the cold-rolled tube of comparative example 2.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic photograph of a cast aluminum alloy rod, wherein (a) is a metallographic photograph of a cast aluminum alloy rod according to example 2, and (b) is a metallographic photograph of a cast aluminum alloy rod according to comparative example 3.
Fig. 4 is a metallographic photograph of a driveshaft tube wherein (a) is a metallographic photograph of a driveshaft tube of example 2 and (b) is a metallographic photograph of a driveshaft tube of comparative example 4.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples.
Example 1: an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.7 percent; cu: 0.55 percent; fe: 0.3 percent; mn: 0.25 percent; mg: 0.8 percent; zn: 0.2 percent; cr: 0.12 percent; ni: 0.1 percent; ti: 0.2 percent; wherein the rare earth element Sc: 0.14 percent; ce: 0.2 percent; la: 0.2% and the balance of Al.
The specific manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following steps: batching → smelting → casting → ingot homogenizing → extrusion → annealing → cold rolling → solution quenching → artificial aging → straightening.
The casting procedure adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare the aluminum alloy ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled at 100-130m 3 /h。
The ingot casting homogenizing treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
The extrusion process specifically comprises: removing oxide skin on the surface of an aluminum alloy cast rod with the diameter of 0.35-0.40m, preheating the aluminum alloy cast rod to 440-520 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy cast rod into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter of phi 102-156mm in an extruder; wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; when in extrusion forming, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after being extruded.
The annealing process specifically comprises: and heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then loading the seamless pipe into the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 2-5 h after the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is raised to 400-450 ℃, and then discharging the seamless pipe from the annealing furnace for air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
The cold rolling process specifically comprises the following steps: and (2) carrying out one-step cold rolling on the blank pipe by using a two-roller pipe rolling machine at the room temperature of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 70%, and the feeding speed of the two-roller pipe rolling machine in the cold rolling process is 15-40 r/min, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy pipe with the outer diameter of phi 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000-7000 mm.
The solution quenching process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, putting the aluminum alloy pipe in the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and then immersing the aluminum alloy pipe in water at 10-35 ℃, wherein the transfer time is not more than 20 s.
The artificial aging process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h, aging, and then naturally cooling.
The mechanical property detection is respectively carried out on the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube disclosed in the embodiment with different specifications, and the detailed results are shown in table 1:
table 1 mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube of example 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube manufactured in example 1 has tensile strength greater than 400MPa, yield strength greater than 380MPa, elongation greater than 10% and hardness greater than 115HB, and meets the mechanical property requirements of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube.
Example 2: an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.95 percent; cu: 0.6 percent; fe: 0.1 percent; mn: 0.35 percent; mg: 1.0 percent; zn: 0.2 percent; cr: 0.16 percent; ni: 0.0031%; ti: 0.034%; wherein the rare earth element Sc: 0.18 percent; ce:0.15 percent; la: 0.15% and the balance of Al.
The specific manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following steps: batching → smelting → casting → ingot homogenizing → extrusion → annealing → cold rolling → solution quenching → artificial aging → straightening.
The casting procedure adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare the aluminum alloy ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled at 100-130m 3 /h。
The ingot casting homogenizing treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
The extrusion process specifically comprises: removing oxide skin on the surface of an aluminum alloy cast rod with the diameter of 0.35-0.40m, preheating the aluminum alloy cast rod to 440-520 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy cast rod into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter of phi 102-156mm in an extruder; wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; when in extrusion forming, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after being extruded.
The annealing process specifically includes: and heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then loading the seamless pipe into the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 2-5 h after the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is raised to 400-450 ℃, and then discharging the seamless pipe from the annealing furnace for air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
The cold rolling process specifically comprises the following steps: and (2) carrying out one-step cold rolling on the blank pipe by using a two-roller pipe rolling machine at the room temperature of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 75%, the feeding speed of the two-roller pipe rolling machine in the cold rolling process is 15-40 r/min, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy pipe with the outer diameter of phi 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000-7000mm, and photographing the aluminum alloy pipe to obtain the photo as shown in figure 2 (a).
The solution quenching process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, putting the aluminum alloy pipe in the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and then immersing the aluminum alloy pipe in water at 10-35 ℃, wherein the transfer time is not more than 20 s.
The artificial aging process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h, aging, and then naturally cooling.
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube disclosed in the embodiment of different specifications are detected respectively, and the detailed results are shown in table 2:
table 2 mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube of example 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube manufactured in the embodiment 2 is between 410-430MPa, the yield strength is between 390-403MPa, the elongation is greater than 10%, and the hardness is between 120-129HB, so that the mechanical property requirement of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube is met.
Example 3: an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following components in percentage by mass: si: 0.6 percent; cu: 0.7 percent; fe: 0.2 percent; mn: 0.5 percent; mg: 0.7 percent; zn: 0.1 percent; cr: 0.2 percent; ni: 0.01 percent; ti: 0.1 percent; wherein the rare earth element Sc: 0.2 percent; ce: 0.25 percent; la: 0.25% and the balance of Al.
The specific manufacturing process of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube comprises the following steps: mixing → smelting → casting → ingot homogenizing → extruding → annealing → cold rolling → solution quenching → artificial aging → straightening.
The casting procedure adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare the aluminum alloy ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled at 100-130m 3 /h。
The ingot casting homogenizing treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
The extrusion process specifically comprises: removing oxide skin on the surface of an aluminum alloy cast rod with the diameter of 0.35-0.40m, preheating the aluminum alloy cast rod to 440-520 ℃, and extruding the aluminum alloy cast rod into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter of phi 102-156mm in an extruder; wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; when in extrusion forming, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after being extruded.
The annealing process specifically includes: and heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then loading the seamless pipe into the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 2-5 h after the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is raised to 400-450 ℃, and then discharging the seamless pipe from the annealing furnace for air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
The cold rolling process specifically comprises the following steps: and (2) carrying out one-step cold rolling on the blank pipe by using a two-roller pipe rolling machine at the room temperature of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 80%, and the feeding speed of the two-roller pipe rolling machine in the cold rolling process is 15-40 r/min, so as to obtain the aluminum alloy pipe with the outer diameter of phi 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000-7000 mm.
The solution quenching process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, putting the aluminum alloy pipe in the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and then immersing the aluminum alloy pipe in water at 10-35 ℃, wherein the transfer time is not more than 20 s.
The artificial aging process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h, aging, and then naturally cooling.
The mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube disclosed in the embodiment of different specifications are detected respectively, and the detailed results are shown in table 3:
table 3 mechanical properties of aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube of example 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube manufactured in the embodiment 3 has the tensile strength of more than 400MPa, the yield strength of more than 380MPa, the elongation of more than 10 percent and the hardness of more than 115HB, and meets the mechanical property requirements of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube.
Comparative example 1: an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube is prepared by the aluminum alloy disclosed in the first embodiment of the patent CN113684401A according to the manufacturing process disclosed in the example 2 of the invention, wherein the photograph of the cold-rolled shaft tube is shown in FIG. 2 (b).
Comparative example 2: an aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube is prepared by the aluminum alloy disclosed in embodiment five of the patent CN112853176A according to the manufacturing process disclosed in the embodiment 2 of the invention, wherein the photo of the cold-rolled shaft tube is shown in FIG. 2 (c).
As can be seen from fig. 2(a), the surface of the aluminum alloy pipe after cold rolling of example 2 of the present invention has no cracks; as can be seen from fig. 2(b) and fig. 2(c), cracks exist on the surfaces of the aluminum alloy pipes subjected to cold rolling in the comparative examples 1 and 2, and because the content of Mg element in the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft pipe disclosed by the invention is reduced and the rare earth elements Sc, Ce and La are added, cracks are prevented from occurring in the transmission shaft pipe in the cold rolling process, and the forming rate of the transmission shaft pipe is improved.
Comparative example 3: the only difference from example 2 is that the composition of the driveshaft tube stock of this comparative example did not have the rare earth elements Sc, Ce, and La added.
The cast aluminum alloy rod of example 2 and the cast aluminum alloy rod of comparative example 3 were metallographically treated and metallographs were taken, as shown in fig. 3, in which fig. 3(a) is a metallograph of the cast aluminum alloy rod of example 2 and fig. 3(b) is a metallograph of the cast aluminum alloy rod of comparative example 3.
The grains of the cast aluminum alloy rod of example 2 in fig. 3(a) were significantly reduced in size compared to the grains of the cast aluminum alloy rod of comparative example 3 in fig. 3 (b).
Comparative example 4: the difference from example 2 is that in this comparative example, the cold rolling process was not performed after the annealing step, but the forging process was performed at a forging temperature of 460 to 530 ℃ and a forging deformation amount of 75%.
The propeller shaft tube of example 2 and the propeller shaft tube of comparative example 4 were subjected to metallographic treatment, respectively, and metallographs were taken, as shown in fig. 4, fig. 4(a) being a metallograph of the propeller shaft tube of example 2, and fig. 4(b) being a metallograph of the propeller shaft tube of comparative example 4.
The crystal grains of the driveshaft tube of example 2 in fig. 4(a) are finer than those of the driveshaft tube of comparative example 4 in fig. 4(b) because the crystal grains are elongated and broken by cold rolling, re-nucleated after solution quenching and artificial aging, and thus the crystal grains are fine and dense; forging belongs to hot forging drawing, and is organized into a fibrous shape, crystal grains are drawn, and after solution quenching and artificial aging, the crystal grains hardly re-nucleate and are large.
The mechanical property tests were performed on the driveshaft tubes of example 2 and comparative example 4, and the detailed results are shown in table 4:
the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube manufactured in the embodiment 2 of the invention has obviously higher tensile strength and yield strength than the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube manufactured in the comparative example 4.
The foregoing is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube is characterized in that the components of the transmission shaft tube are as follows by mass percent: si: 0.6 to 1.0 percent; cu: 0.5 to 0.7 percent; fe is less than or equal to 0.3 percent; mn: 0.2 to 0.5 percent; mg: 0.7 to 1.0 percent; zn is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; cr: 0.1 to 0.2 percent; ni is less than or equal to 0.1 percent; ti is less than or equal to 0.2 percent; wherein the rare earth element Sc: 0.1-0.2%; ce: 0.15-0.25%; la: 0.15-0.25% and the balance of Al.
2. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the specific manufacturing process comprises: batching → smelting → casting → ingot homogenizing → extrusion → annealing → cold rolling → solution quenching → artificial aging → straightening.
3. According to claim2, the manufacturing method of the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube is characterized in that the casting procedure adopts a hot top casting mode to prepare an aluminum alloy ingot, the diameter of the aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the hot top casting mode is phi 275-ion 277mm, the casting speed is 50-70mm/min, and the cooling water flow is controlled at 100-ion 130m 3 /h。
4. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube according to the claim 3, wherein the ingot casting homogenizing treatment process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aluminum alloy cast ingot to 510-540 ℃, preserving heat for 8-16 h, and naturally cooling to obtain the aluminum alloy cast rod.
5. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube according to the claim 4, wherein the extrusion process specifically comprises the following steps: preheating the aluminum alloy cast rod with the length of 0.35-0.40m to 440-520 ℃, and extruding into a seamless pipe with the wall thickness of 5-11mm and the inner diameter of phi 102-156mm in an extruder; wherein the temperature of the extrusion die is 430-450 ℃, the temperature of the extrusion cylinder is 400-450 ℃, the extrusion coefficient is 8-35, and the extrusion speed is 2.0-3.0 m/min; when in extrusion forming, the surface temperature of the seamless pipe is 430-510 ℃, and the seamless pipe is naturally cooled after being extruded.
6. The method for manufacturing an aluminum alloy automotive driveshaft tube according to claim 5, characterized in that a scale on a surface of said aluminum alloy cast rod is removed before preheating.
7. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube according to the claim 5 or 6, wherein the annealing process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the annealing furnace to 400-450 ℃, then loading the seamless pipe into the annealing furnace, keeping the temperature for 2-5 h after the surface temperature of the seamless pipe rises to 400-450 ℃, then discharging the seamless pipe and air cooling to obtain a blank pipe.
8. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube according to the claim 7, wherein the cold rolling process specifically comprises the following steps: and (2) carrying out one-step cold rolling on the blank pipe by using a two-roller pipe rolling machine under the room temperature condition of 10-35 ℃, wherein the deformation of the cold rolling is 70-80%, the feeding speed of the two-roller pipe rolling machine in the cold rolling process is 15-40 r/min, and the aluminum alloy pipe with the outer diameter of phi 110-160 mm, the wall thickness of 2.5-7.9 mm and the length of 3000 + 7000mm is obtained.
9. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube according to the claim 8, wherein the solution quenching process specifically comprises the following steps: heating the quenching furnace to 510-530 ℃, putting the aluminum alloy pipe into the quenching furnace, preserving heat for 60-180 min, and then immersing the aluminum alloy pipe into water at 10-35 ℃, wherein the transfer time is not more than 20 s.
10. The method for manufacturing the aluminum alloy automobile transmission shaft tube according to the claim 9, wherein the artificial aging process specifically comprises the following steps: and heating the aging furnace to 150-160 ℃, then placing the aluminum alloy pipe subjected to solution quenching in the aging furnace, preserving heat for 10-16 h, aging, and then naturally cooling.
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