CN114889751A - 一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层及低温液货舱 - Google Patents

一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层及低温液货舱 Download PDF

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CN114889751A
CN114889751A CN202210457654.1A CN202210457654A CN114889751A CN 114889751 A CN114889751 A CN 114889751A CN 202210457654 A CN202210457654 A CN 202210457654A CN 114889751 A CN114889751 A CN 114889751A
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layer
low
temperature
cargo tank
temperature layer
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王冰
柳一点
胡可一
张亚
臧梧桐
尹含
王璐玭
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Jiangnan Shipyard Group Co Ltd
China State Shipbuilding Corp Ltd
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Jiangnan Shipyard Group Co Ltd
China State Shipbuilding Corp Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层及低温液货舱，该绝热层包括叠置的低温层、真空层及高温层，低温层靠近低温液化舱，由多块保温板组成，低温层通过螺柱、固定盘、固定螺母等完成固定安装；高温层与低温层之间设有真空层和不锈钢网，既可以增加其保温效果，也能够增加保温层次间整体之间的结构强度。整个的绝热层结构能够有效地减少液货舱与外界环境之间的热传递，保证液货保持在低温状态。高温层外表面的保护层既能保护内层结构，同时还可以起到防潮和防水的作用。低温层还具备屏蔽层的作用，可以防止泄漏液体飞溅到周围，避免低温液体对周围结构的破坏，此外，在低温层的内表面还设有防漏薄膜，进一步提高了安全程度。

Description

一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层及低温液货舱
技术领域
本发明涉及液化气船技术领域，特别是涉及一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层及低温液货舱。
背景技术
液化气船是用于运输液化石油气、液化天然气、液氢等低温液货的专用船舶，液货装载在液化气船中的液货舱内。根据所装载液货的类型和工作场景，液货舱分为三种类型：A型、 B型和C型，A型液货舱主要是平板结构，其具有完整的次屏蔽；B型液货舱是平板结构或者是球罐式结构，其具有局部的次屏蔽；C型液货舱是球罐式结构，其不需要次屏蔽。液货舱内液货的温度较低，外界的温度远远大于液货的温度，则需为液货舱设置绝热系统来达到保温和防止外部热量进行液货舱的目的，并减少液货舱舱内液货的蒸发量。由于三种液货舱的结构特性和性能要求不同，三种液货舱所对应的绝热系统也不同。
对于B型液货舱来说，由于其本身具备舱容利用率高，内部结构强悍同时不具晃荡，因此经常被广泛应用于装载大批量的低温液货气体，但是过低的液货温度也往往给给B型液货舱的绝热系统设计带来极大挑战，如液氢的温度可达-252.87℃，为了达到必要的绝热效果，选用常规的绝热系统会导致绝热层厚度急剧增加，这会导致在有限船体空间内舱容的显著损失，并且保温效果也很难达到理想状态。同时，过厚的绝热系统会导致B型液货舱的绝热系统施工难度显著提高，甚至在B型液货舱的局部结构复杂区域出现无法安装或无法保冷的情况。
因此，如何提供一种适用于超低温的B型液货舱的绝热系统，以对液货舱上的复杂支撑结构设置区域提供绝热保护，并使整体绝热层的厚度可控，成为本领域亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点，本发明提供一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层，所述绝热层包括：
围设于低温液货舱外表面的低温层，所述低温层由多块保温板拼接而成，所述保温板开有沿厚度方向的贯穿孔，所述贯穿孔内固定有连接螺母，所述低温液货舱的外表面固定有焊钉，所述焊钉与所述连接螺母螺纹连接，所述连接螺母远离所述焊钉的一端与螺柱固定连接，所述螺柱突出于所述贯穿孔的部分套设有固定盘及固定螺母，从而实现所述低温层的固定；
设置于所述低温层外围的真空层及高温层，所述真空层位于所述低温层与高温层之间。
优选地，所述绝热层还包括铺设于所述低温层外表面的不锈钢网，所述不锈钢网采用铆钉固定并设于所述固定盘与低温层之间。
优选地，所述不锈钢网的外表面敷设有粘接层，所述粘接层为发泡式聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯材料；所述粘接层的厚度大于所述螺柱突出于所述贯穿孔的部分，从而包覆所述螺柱、固定盘及固定螺母。
优选地，所述高温层的外表面还敷设有喷涂式硬质保护层，所述保护层为高分子聚合物材料。
优选地，所述保护层的外表面铺设有铝制薄膜，相邻铝制薄膜的间隙处敷设有丁基胶带。
优选地，所述低温层与所述低温液货舱外表面之间设有垫片，以保证所述低温层与所述低温液货舱外表面之间具有一定的间隙。
优选地，对于装载丙烷、丁烷的LPG运输船，所述绝热层的总厚度为65～130mm；对于装载乙烷、乙烯的LEG运输船，所述绝热层的总厚度为125～230mm；对于装载液化天然气的LNG运输船，所述绝热层的总厚度为140～380mm。
优选地，所述低温层1及高温层2的厚度均不超过所述绝热层总厚度的1/3。
优选地，所述低温层的内表面还设有防漏薄膜，从而防止液化舱内的低温液体渗漏至整个绝热层。
本发明还提供一种低温液货舱，所述低温液货舱包括所述的绝热层。
如上所述，本发明提供一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层及低温液货舱，该绝热层包括叠置的低温层、真空层及高温层，低温层靠近低温液化舱，由多块保温板组成，低温层通过螺柱、固定盘、固定螺母等完成固定安装；高温层与低温层之间设有真空层和不锈钢网，既可以增加其保温效果，也能够增加保温层次间整体之间的结构强度，低温层和高温层的厚度可以进行调整以适应不同低温储罐的保温要求。整个的绝热层结构能够有效地减少液货舱与外界环境之间的热传递，保证液货保持在低温状态。高温层外表面的保护层既能保护内层结构，同时还可以起到防潮和防水的作用。低温层还具备屏蔽层的作用，可以防止泄漏液体飞溅到周围，避免低温液体对周围结构的破坏，此外，在低温层的内表面还设有防漏薄膜，进一步提高了安全程度。
附图说明
图1显示为本发明中绝热层的正视结构示意图。
图2显示为图1中沿AA方向的剖视结构示意图。
图3显示为贯穿孔的放大结构示意图。
图4显示为固定盘的俯视结构示意图。
元件标号说明
1 低温层
2 高温层
3 真空层
4 焊钉
5 连接螺母
6 螺柱
7 玻璃棉
8 固定盘
9 固定螺母
10 垫片
12 贯穿孔
32 粘接层
31 不锈钢网
21 保护层
22 铝制薄膜
23 丁基胶带
81 钢制圆盘
82 锚定件
100 低温液货舱
41 焊钉厚板
具体实施方式
以下通过特定的具体实例说明本发明的实施方式，本领域技术人员可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点与功效。本发明还可以通过另外不同的具体实施方式加以实施或应用，本说明书中的各项细节也可以基于不同观点与应用，在没有背离本发明的精神下进行各种修饰或改变。
如在详述本发明实施例时，为便于说明，表示器件结构的剖面图会不依一般比例作局部放大，而且所述示意图只是示例，其在此不应限制本发明保护的范围。此外，在实际制作中应包含长度、宽度及深度的三维空间尺寸。
为了方便描述，此处可能使用诸如“之下”、“下方”、“低于”、“下面”、“上方”、“上”等的空间关系词语来描述附图中所示的一个元件或特征与其他元件或特征的关系。将理解到，这些空间关系词语意图包含使用中或操作中的器件的、除了附图中描绘的方向之外的其他方向。此外，当一层被称为在两层“之间”时，它可以是所述两层之间仅有的层，或者也可以存在一个或多个介于其间的层。本文使用的“介于……之间”表示包括两端点值。
在本申请的上下文中，所描述的第一特征在第二特征“之上”的结构可以包括第一和第二特征形成为直接接触的实施例，也可以包括另外的特征形成在第一和第二特征之间的实施例，这样第一和第二特征可能不是直接接触。
需要说明的是，本实施例中所提供的图示仅以示意方式说明本发明的基本构想，遂图示中仅显示与本发明中有关的组件而非按照实际实施时的组件数目、形状及尺寸绘制，其实际实施时各组件的型态、数量及比例可为一种随意的改变，其组件布局型态也可能更为复杂。
如图1所示，本实施例提供一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层，具体包括：
围设于低温液货舱100外表面的低温层1，所述低温层1由多块保温板拼接而成，所述保温板开有沿厚度方向的贯穿孔12，所述贯穿孔12内固定有连接螺母5，所述低温液货舱100的外表面固定有焊钉4，所述焊钉4与所述连接螺母5螺纹连接，所述连接螺母5远离所述焊钉4的一端与螺柱6固定连接，所述螺柱6突出于所述贯穿孔12的部分套设有固定盘8 及固定螺母9，从而实现所述低温层1的固定；
设置于所述低温层1外围的真空层3及高温层2，所述真空层3位于所述低温层1与高温层之间。
进一步地，所述真空层2由多块真空板拼接而成，相邻所述真空板之间留有一定间隙并填充玻璃棉7，所述玻璃棉可以对间隙处进一步密封，同时相邻的真空板之间留有间隙，以保证热胀冷缩带来的形变不会使真空板之间产生相互挤压。与之相同的还有在所述贯穿孔12 与所述螺柱6的间隙处也设有玻璃棉7，所述低温层1相邻的保温板之间也设有玻璃棉，同样具有进一步密封及防止挤压的作用。其中，所述贯穿孔12优选设置于所述保温板的中心处，也可以设置于边缘等其他位置。
具体地，所述高温层2可以是与粘接层32相同的发泡式聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯材料，也可以是与低温层1类似的由多块保温板拼接而成。所述保温板的主体材料也为聚氨酯(PU)或聚苯乙烯(EPS)等保温材料。保温板具有导热系数低的优异特性，为保温、隔热的优良材料；同时防火性能好，能够满足防火及耐火性的要求；此外，还具有密度小、重量轻、耐老化性好等特点。EPS具有较高的抗拉强度、较低的弹性模量、较低的热膨胀系数，这使得EPS具有更强的抗热变形、抗开裂能力，因此本实施例中优选为EPS材料。
具体地，所述真空层所用的真空板也称真空绝热板(VacuumInsulationPanel，VIP板)是真空保温材料中的一种，是由填充芯材与真空保护表层复合而成，能够有效地避免空气对流引起的热传递，因此导热系数可大幅度降低，可以达到0.002-0.004w/m.k，为传统保温材料导热系数的1/10。船舶液货舱(液罐)外侧采用真空绝热板，其厚度仅为传统保温材料的五分之一至十分之一，且VIP板在生产过程中不使用消耗臭氧层物质(ODS)或者产生温室气体物质，还可以回收利用，兼具绿色环保和安全节能的双重优势，并达到节省空间的目的，是理想的保温隔热材料，适用于受空间限制及保温性能要求比较高的场合。同时，由于真空绝热板一般较薄，强度较低，因此需要两侧的低温层1与高温层2对其进行加固。因为热量在不同介质间传递时，会有较大的损耗，因此通过低温层、真空层及高温层相叠置的三明治结构的设计，能够最大程度的实现绝热，同时相比传统保温材料，又只占据很小的空间。
进一步地，所述绝热层还包括铺设于所述低温层1外表面的不锈钢网31，所述不锈钢网 31采用铆钉固定并设于所述固定盘8与低温层1之间，不锈钢网31不仅保证了保温性能，同时也保证了整个结构的强度，防止变形，同时又只占据很小的空间。所述不锈钢网31的外表面敷设有粘接层32，所述粘接层32为发泡式聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯材料。所述粘接层32的厚度大于所述螺柱6突出于所述贯穿孔12的部分，从而包覆所述螺柱6、固定盘8及固定螺母 9。
进一步地，所述高温层2的外表面还敷设有喷涂式硬质保护层21。高温层2由发泡式聚氨酯泡沫喷涂形成。由于聚氨酯泡沫的热传导率低，可以有效地减少液货舱内部与外界环境的热传递。但是聚氨酯泡沫层易吸水而引起隔热性能下降，同时不具备阻燃特性，强度较低。因此，通过设置保护层21以保护内部的高温层2，所述保护层21由高分子聚合物构成。保护层21具有阻燃、防水的特性，同时质地坚硬，能有效地保护内部结构层。
进一步地，所述保护层21的外表面铺设有铝制薄膜22，相邻铝制薄膜22的间隙处敷设有丁基胶带23。铝制薄膜22可以最大程度反射外界的太阳光线，能够反射70％-90％的热辐射，丁基胶带则具有粘结强度高、耐腐蚀性好、防水性和密封性好等优异特性。
进一步地，所述固定盘8包括钢制圆盘81及锚定件82，钢制圆盘81中心设有开孔穿过所述螺柱6，所述锚定件82穿过所述钢制圆盘81并插入所述低温层1中，以完成对所述低温层1的固定，同时还能防止绝热层围绕所述钢制圆盘81出现转动。
进一步地，所述低温层1及高温层2的厚度均不超过所述绝热层总厚度的1/3，其主要作用为整个绝热层系统提供强度支持，并保证一定的隔热性能；
进一步地，所述低温层1与所述低温液货舱100外表面之间设有垫片10，以保证所述低温层1与所述低温液货舱100外表面之间具有一定的间隙。
进一步地，对于装载丙烷、丁烷的LPG运输船船，所述绝热层的总厚度可以为65～130mm；对于装载乙烷、乙烯的LEG运输船，所述绝热层的总厚度可以为125～230mm；对于装载液化天然气的LNG运输船，所述绝热层的总厚度可以为140～380mm。
进一步地，所述焊钉4通过焊钉厚板41固定于所述低温液货舱的外表面，防止焊钉4在焊接时损伤低温液货舱母材。
进一步地，所述低温层1的内表面还设有防漏薄膜，从而防止液化舱内的低温液体渗漏至整个绝热层。
该用于低温液货舱的绝热层的安装方法也比较简单，首先将低温层1及不锈钢网31通过螺柱6、固定盘8、固定螺母9等完成固定安装，随后铺设粘接层32，使粘接层32包覆所述螺柱6、固定盘8及固定螺母9，然后铺设真空层3、高温层2、保护层21，并最终完成整个绝热层的安装。
综上所述，本发明提供一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层及低温液货舱，该绝热层包括叠置的低温层、真空层及高温层，低温层靠近低温液化舱，由多块保温板组成，低温层通过螺柱、固定盘、固定螺母等完成固定安装；高温层与低温层之间设有真空层和不锈钢网，既可以增加其保温效果，也能够增加保温层次间整体之间的结构强度，低温层和高温层的厚度可以进行调整以适应不同低温储罐的保温要求。整个的绝热层结构能够有效地减少液货舱与外界环境之间的热传递，保证液货保持在低温状态。高温层外表面的保护层既能保护内层结构，同时还可以起到防潮和防水的作用。低温层还具备屏蔽层的作用，可以防止泄漏液体飞溅到周围，避免低温液体对周围结构的破坏，此外，在低温层的内表面还设有防漏薄膜，进一步提高了安全程度。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效，而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下，对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此，举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变，仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于低温液货舱的绝热层，其特征在于，所述绝热层包括：
围设于低温液货舱外表面的低温层，所述低温层由多块保温板拼接而成，所述保温板开有沿厚度方向的贯穿孔，所述贯穿孔内固定有连接螺母，所述低温液货舱的外表面固定有焊钉，所述焊钉与所述连接螺母螺纹连接，所述连接螺母远离所述焊钉的一端与螺柱固定连接，所述螺柱突出于所述贯穿孔的部分套设有固定盘及固定螺母，从而实现所述低温层的固定；
设置于所述低温层外围的真空层及高温层，所述真空层位于所述低温层与高温层之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的绝热层，其特征在于，所述绝热层还包括铺设于所述低温层外表面的不锈钢网，所述不锈钢网采用铆钉固定并设于所述固定盘与低温层之间。
3.根据权利要求2所述的绝热层，其特征在于，所述不锈钢网的外表面敷设有粘接层，所述粘接层为发泡式聚氨酯或聚苯乙烯材料；所述粘接层的厚度大于所述螺柱突出于所述贯穿孔的部分，从而包覆所述螺柱、固定盘及固定螺母。
4.根据权利要求1所述的绝热层，其特征在于，所述高温层的外表面还敷设有喷涂式硬质保护层，所述保护层为高分子聚合物材料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的绝热层，其特征在于，所述保护层的外表面铺设有铝制薄膜，相邻铝制薄膜的间隙处敷设有丁基胶带。
6.根据权利要求1所述的绝热层，其特征在于，所述低温层与所述低温液货舱外表面之间设有垫片，以保证所述低温层与所述低温液货舱外表面之间具有一定的间隙。
7.根据权利要求1所述的绝热层，其特征在于，对于装载丙烷、丁烷的LPG运输船，所述绝热层的总厚度为65～130mm；对于装载乙烷、乙烯的LEG运输船，所述绝热层的总厚度为125～230mm；对于装载液化天然气的LNG运输船，所述绝热层的总厚度为140～380mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的绝热层，其特征在于，所述低温层1及高温层2的厚度均不超过所述绝热层总厚度的1/3。
9.根据权利要求1所述的绝热层，其特征在于，所述低温层的内表面还设有防漏薄膜，从而防止液化舱内的低温液体渗漏至整个绝热层。
10.一种低温液货舱，其特征在于，所述低温液货舱包括权利要求1-9任一所述的绝热层。
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