CN114885828B - Wheat thousand seed weight breeding improvement method - Google Patents
Wheat thousand seed weight breeding improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114885828B CN114885828B CN202210738855.9A CN202210738855A CN114885828B CN 114885828 B CN114885828 B CN 114885828B CN 202210738855 A CN202210738855 A CN 202210738855A CN 114885828 B CN114885828 B CN 114885828B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/04—Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving thousand seed weight breeding of wheat, which comprises the following steps: step one, obtaining hybrid parents; step two, primary hybridization; step three, secondary hybridization; step four, backcrossing for two generations; step five, screening selfing; the other agronomic traits comprise the growth period, plant height, disease resistance, tillering number, spike number and the like of wheat; the invention obtains the triple cross seed containing high thousand grain weight gene by adopting the hybridization technology, carries out directional selection and consolidation stabilization on the high thousand grain weight character by adopting the chemical emasculation and backcross technology, then retains the excellent character of the basic material and directionally improves the target character by adopting the continuous multi-generation screening method, further purifies the wheat seed, and obtains the homozygous high-quality wheat seed with thousand grain weight of about 52-68 g, thereby effectively improving the yield of wheat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wheat breeding, in particular to a method for improving thousand seed weight breeding of wheat.
Background
With the further increase of population, the area of cultivated land per person is reduced year by year, the grain problem is more and more serious, wheat is one of three grains, and the wheat is used as the grain crop with the highest total yield and high nutritive value in the world, so that the improvement of the yield of the wheat has important significance for relieving the grain problem; heterosis is a common phenomenon in the biological world, in the prior art, cross breeding is utilized as a main measure for improving the wheat yield, but thousand seed weight of a large-area generalized wheat variety obtained by a common cross breeding method is generally about 40-50 g, the thousand seed weight level and yield potential still cannot be effectively improved, and meanwhile, the breeding time is long, so that the breeding cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for improving thousand seed weight breeding of wheat, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a method for improving thousand seed weight breeding of wheat, which comprises the following steps: step one, obtaining hybrid parents; step two, primary hybridization; step three, secondary hybridization; step four, backcrossing for two generations; step five, screening selfing;
in the first step, a wheat seed with known large-area popularization variety or good comprehensive agronomic characters is selected as a base material P1, one high thousand-grain weight material in a resource nursery is used as a first donor parent P2, and the other high thousand-grain weight material in the resource nursery is selected as a second donor parent P3 for breeding improvement;
in the second step, the base material P1 and the first donor parent P2 are hybridized to obtain F1;
in the third step, F1 is used as a female parent and hybridized with a second donor parent P3 to obtain a triple hybrid F1;
in the fourth step, wheat chemical emasculation is utilized to induce the sterility of the male parent of the triple hybrid F1, and a basic material P1 is taken as a recurrent male parent to be continuously backcrossed for two generations to obtain a backcrossed second generation BC2F1;
in the fifth step, the backcross second generation BC2F1 obtained in the fourth step is taken, the BC2F2 generation-BC 2F12 generation is obtained through a continuous selfing mode, and wheat seeds which are selfed each time are screened by a mesh screen.
Preferably, in the first step, the hybridization pattern of the breeding improvement is:
preferably, in the fifth step, the screening method specifically includes: the harvested seeds of each generation were screened using a mesh screen larger than the base material seed, with the screened seed as the next generation seed.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the BC2F2 generation to the BC2F8 generation are sown in a greenhouse and mixed and screened, the generation can be added for propagation for 4 times in one year, and the BC2F8 generation material can be obtained in two years in average 3 months and 1 growth period.
Preferably, in the fifth step, the BC2F 9-BC 2F12 generation is alternately planted in the field and the greenhouse by adopting a spike row mode, and the thousand grain weight improvement screening is performed by adopting the same mesh screen screening mode, and meanwhile, other agronomic character selections are performed, so that the stable material with obviously improved thousand grain weight and good comprehensive agronomic characters of the base material can be obtained within 4-5 years.
Preferably, the other agronomic traits include growth period, plant height, disease resistance, tillering number, spike number, etc. of wheat.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention obtains the triple cross seed containing high thousand grain weight gene by adopting the hybridization technology, carries out directional selection and consolidation stabilization on the high thousand grain weight character by adopting the chemical emasculation and backcross technology, then retains the excellent character of the basic material and directionally improves the target character by adopting the continuous multi-generation screening method, further purifies the wheat seed, and obtains the homozygous high-quality wheat seed with thousand grain weight of about 52-68 g, thereby effectively improving the yield of wheat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention is provided: a method for improving thousand seed weight breeding of wheat, which comprises the following steps: step one, obtaining hybrid parents; step two, primary hybridization; step three, secondary hybridization; step four, backcrossing for two generations; step five, screening selfing;
in the first step, a wheat seed with known large-area popularization variety or good comprehensive agronomic characters is selected as a base material P1, one high thousand-grain weight material in a resource nursery is used as a first donor parent P2, and the other high thousand-grain weight material in the resource nursery is selected as a second donor parent P3 for breeding improvement; wherein, the hybridization pattern of the breeding improvement is:
in the second step, the base material P1 and the first donor parent P2 are hybridized to obtain F1;
in the third step, F1 is used as a female parent and hybridized with a second donor parent P3 to obtain a triple hybrid F1;
in the fourth step, wheat chemical emasculation is utilized to induce the sterility of the male parent of the triple hybrid F1, and a basic material P1 is taken as a recurrent male parent to be continuously backcrossed for two generations to obtain a backcrossed second generation BC2F1;
in the fifth step, the backcross second generation BC2F1 obtained in the fourth step is taken, the BC2F2 generation-BC 2F12 generation is obtained through a continuous selfing mode, and wheat seeds which are selfed each time are screened by a mesh screen; the screening method specifically comprises the following steps: screening the harvested seeds of each generation by using a mesh screen larger than the seeds of the base material, and taking the screened seeds as sowing seeds of the next generation; sowing and mixing screening the BC2F2 generation to the BC2F8 generation in a greenhouse, wherein the generation can be added for reproduction for 4 times in one year, and the BC2F8 generation material can be obtained in two years after an average growth period of 3 months and 1 growth period; the BC2F9 generation to BC2F12 generation are alternately planted in a field and a greenhouse in a spike row mode, thousand grain weight improvement screening is carried out in the same mesh screen screening mode, and other agronomic character selections are carried out simultaneously, so that a stable material with obviously improved thousand grain weight and good comprehensive agronomic characters of a basic material are obtained after 4-5 years, wherein the other agronomic characters comprise the growth period, plant height, disease resistance, tillering number, small spike number, spike number and the like of wheat.
By adopting the wheat breeding method provided by the embodiment, in 2017, the normal season is that Sichuan wheat 44 disease-resistant Sichuan wheat 44-6 (about 45g in thousand grain weight) is used as a base material, high thousand grain weight material Wenjiang Dazheng No. 1 (about 55g in thousand grain weight) is used as a male parent for hybridization, then in a greenhouse, the hybrid F1 is used as a female parent, sichuan wheat 42-3 (about 55g in thousand grain weight) is used as a male parent, and three-cross planting is obtained in the greenhouse; spraying a chemical emasculation agent SC2011 when one third of the two-leaf is drawn out of the flag leaf, inducing the three-cross male sterility, and teaching Chuanmai 44-6 pollen to obtain BC1F1 generation material, planting in a greenhouse, spraying the chemical emasculation agent SC2011 when one third of the two-leaf is drawn out of the flag leaf, inducing male sterility, and teaching Chuanmai 44-6 pollen again to obtain BC2F1; then, carrying out selfing propagation and generation adding in a greenhouse, screening and filtering out low thousand grain weight grains by using an 8-mesh (or 6-mesh) mesh screen, taking the left screened grains as seeds of the next generation, and planting more than 80 plants in each generation; the BC2F8 generation material is obtained in 11 months in 2019, the farmland and the greenhouse in 2020-2021 are alternately planted and screened, stable high thousand grain weight strains 2017H44-5, 2017H44-16 and 2017H44-28 are obtained in 8 months in 2021, the average thousand grain weight is more than 55g, the length, width and perimeter information of the seed grains on the screen are obtained by using a seed copying instrument, and the thousand grain weights and related data of each parent and offspring material are compared with the following table:
based on the above, the invention has the advantages that the wheat seeds are subjected to secondary hybridization to obtain the triple hybrid F1 with high thousand seed weight genes, the chemical emasculation method is utilized to treat the triple hybrid F1, sufficient hybrid seeds are ensured to be obtained by backcrossing the emasculated triple hybrid F1, and finally, the wheat seeds are further improved and purified by adopting a screening and selecting method to obtain the homozygous high-quality wheat seeds, wherein the thousand seed weight of the wheat seeds is about 52-68 g, and the method has important significance for improving the yield of the wheat; meanwhile, the breeding time is controlled to be 4-5 years by adopting a greenhouse generation propagation, mixed selection and spike row method.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (1)
1. A method for improving thousand seed weight breeding of wheat, which comprises the following steps:
step one, obtaining hybrid parents;
step two, primary hybridization;
step three, secondary hybridization;
step four, backcrossing for two generations;
step five, screening selfing;
the method is characterized in that:
in the first step, a wheat seed with known large-area popularization variety or good comprehensive agronomic characters is selected as a base material P1, one high thousand-grain weight material in a resource nursery is used as a first donor parent P2, and the other high thousand-grain weight material in the resource nursery is selected as a second donor parent P3 for breeding improvement;
in the second step, the base material P1 and the first donor parent P2 are hybridized to obtain F1;
in the third step, F1 is used as a female parent and hybridized with a second donor parent P3 to obtain a triple hybrid F1;
in the fourth step, wheat chemical emasculation is utilized to induce the sterility of the male parent of the triple hybrid F1, and a basic material P1 is taken as a recurrent male parent to be continuously backcrossed for two generations to obtain a backcrossed second generation BC2F1;
in the fifth step, the backcross second generation BC2F1 obtained in the fourth step is taken, the BC2F2 generation-BC 2F12 generation is obtained through a continuous selfing mode, and wheat seeds which are selfed each time are screened by a mesh screen;
the hybridization patterns of the breeding improvement are as follows:
；
in the fifth step, the screening method specifically comprises the following steps: screening the harvested seeds of each generation by using a mesh screen larger than the seeds of the base material, and taking the screened seeds as sowing seeds of the next generation;
in the fifth step, the BC2F2 generation to the BC2F8 generation are sown in a greenhouse and mixed and screened, the generation can be added for propagation for 4 times in one year, the average period is 3 months and 1 growth period is shortened, and the BC2F8 generation material can be obtained in two years;
in the fifth step, the BC2F9 generation to the BC2F12 generation are alternately planted in a field and a greenhouse in a spike row mode, thousand grain weight improvement screening is carried out in the same mesh screen screening mode, and other agronomic character selections are carried out at the same time, so that a stable material with obviously improved thousand grain weight and good comprehensive agronomic characters of a basic material can be obtained within 4-5 years;
the other agronomic traits include growth period, plant height, disease resistance, tillering number, spike number and spike number of wheat;
in the first step, before the female parent seed grains and the male parent seed grains are hybridized, the culture is carried out in a vernalization treatment mode; carrying out vernalization treatment culture before backcrossing the harvested F1 seeds and the receptor varieties; carrying out de-vernalization culture before backcrossing the harvested BC1 seeds and the receptor variety;
in the second step, before backcrossing the harvested BC2 seeds with the acceptor variety, carrying out de-vernalization culture; carrying out de-vernalization culture before selfing the harvested BC3 seeds and the selected single plants;
the de-vernalization treatment culture comprises the following specific steps:
sterilizing 0.1% arsenic and mercury in culture dish, germinating, exposing the seeds to white, placing into refrigerator refrigerating chamber, performing low temperature 2-4deg.C de-vernalization culture for 10-14d, adding 0.3% H for the first 1-2d during low temperature culture 2 0 2 2-3 ml/dish to help the strong winter wheat to accelerate the process of vernalization; repeatedly washing seedlings in a culture dish with distilled water for 1-2 times every 2-3d during low-temperature de-vernalization culture, and adding Hoagland nutrient solution for culture; transplanting the spring-removed seedlings into plastic flowerpots with the diameter of 15-18cm, sowing 8-10 plants in each flowerpot and the sowing depth of 3-5cm, placing the sown flowerpots into an indoor culture room for culture, and setting the illumination time for 12-16h every 24h by using a red-blue cold light source for plant culture, wherein the temperature is 20-25 ℃ and the humidity is 55-65% for culture; culturing until the plant height is 10-15cm at the tillering stage, keeping 2-3 robust tillers per plant, and pruning the rest tillers from the root; applying the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer once every 12-14d, culturing until the seeds are grouted and mature at the beginning of 11 months, selecting 1 plant with the best growth vigor in each pot, threshing and harvesting the main stem single spike of the plant.
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