CN114875537B - 一种多功能传感纱线、织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种多功能传感纱线、织物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114875537B
CN114875537B CN202210677423.1A CN202210677423A CN114875537B CN 114875537 B CN114875537 B CN 114875537B CN 202210677423 A CN202210677423 A CN 202210677423A CN 114875537 B CN114875537 B CN 114875537B
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composite yarn
yarn
multifunctional sensing
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CN114875537A (zh
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蔡光明
王羽
李岱祺
程德山
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Wuhan Textile University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种多功能传感纱线、织物及其制备方法，属于纺织技术领域，多功能传感纺织纱的制备方法包括制备鞘层和制备复合纱。本发明采用镀银锦纶为芯层，有良好的导电性能，在此基础之上以碳纳米管（CNT）包覆的普通天然纤维或化学纤维作为鞘层，通过摩擦纺的方式将鞘层复合在芯纱上，不仅增加了复合纱线导电性，也赋予了良好的电磁屏蔽、光热和电热转换功能，且能对拉伸和压缩都产生传感反馈；采用本发明方法制得的复合纱线功能稳定，循环性强，可编织，且本发明公开的方法操作简单、工艺流程短、生产速度快、可工业化大规模生产。

Description

一种多功能传感纱线、织物及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纺织技术领域，具体涉及一种多功能传感纱线、织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，对身体健康的关注越来越密切，传统的衣物已满足不了人们的要求，智能可穿戴随之蓬勃发展。可穿戴电子产品如智能手环、手表等已走进了人们的生活，其中传感器是可穿戴电子产品中不可缺少的一部分。然而传统的半导体或金属传感器由于材料自身的问题，在柔性、可拉伸性和延展性等方面存在先天劣势，因此基于纤维、纱线的传感器研究越来越多。
如公布号为CN112251897A的中国专利公开了一种基于Mxene包覆导电纱线的针织柔性传感织物及制备方法，是将不锈钢混纺导电纱线经过多巴胺改性后，进一步通过浸渍方式在纱线内部及其表面形成MXene包覆导电层。利用该复合纱线的导电特性，进一步结合针织工艺的自身弹性，开发结构可设计的柔性传感织物。虽然解决了柔性传感织物应变性、灵敏度及穿戴舒适性之间的矛盾，但织物的传感性能是由针织结构赋予的，纱线本身不具备传感性能，对所制得的织物限制大，不利于后续的织物设计。
又如公布号为CN108896199A的中国专利公开了一种可拉伸的纱线传感器及其制备方法，其中的压力传感纤维，包括弹性纱线和按照“S”型螺旋缠绕在所述弹性纱线表面的电极纱线。通过这种缠绕结构使得纱线具有拉伸传感的功能，但纱线的传感功能单一，无法对纱线上压力的变化产生反馈。
再如公布号为CN113174670A的中国专利公开了一种压力传感纤维、纱线、织物、器件及其制备方法，其中的压力传感纤维，包括芯层和包层；所述芯层为电极层；所述包层为介电层。这种纤维虽然解决了压力上的传感反馈，但是在拉伸方向的传感却丢失了，难以在一些活动关节处应用，应用范围小，且功能性不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点，提供一种具有电磁屏蔽、光热和电热转换功能，拉伸和压缩传感的复合纱线。
本发明的第二目的在于提供此种纱线的制备方法；
本发明的第三目的在于提供一种具有电磁屏蔽、光热和电热转换功能，拉伸和压缩传感的多功能传感织物。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现：一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.制备鞘层：纤维条表面喷涂CNT溶液，然后放入烘箱中进行烘干，所述烘箱的温度为60～80℃；
S2.制备复合纱：以镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将步骤S1制备的鞘层紧紧的包覆在芯层上，制得多功能传感复合纱纱线。
进一步地，所述纤维条为羊毛、涤纶、麻和粘胶中的至少一种。
进一步地，所述CNT溶液的浓度为0.15～0.5wt％。
进一步地，所述喷涂CNT溶液采用喷枪的方式进行喷涂，所述喷涂的时间为5～20min。
进一步地，对步骤S1进行重复操作，所述重复的次数为2～10次。
进一步地，步骤S2中所述镀银锦纶纤维的粗细为200D、300D或400D中的任意一种。
进一步地，步骤S2中所述摩擦纺的摩擦辊速度为3000～6000r/min，分梳棍速度为3000～5000r/min，喂入速度为0.3～1m/min，输出速度为15～25m/min，卷曲速度为17～27m/min。
上述的方法制备的多功能传感复合纱纱线。
一种织物，采用上述的多功能传感复合纱纱线机织而成。
进一步地，所述机织采用针织机或机织机。
本发明的复合纱线为皮芯结构，镀银锦纶纤维为芯层，1.提供良好的导电性能，实验发现200D规格的纱线1cm长电阻约为9Ω左右；2.单独的镀银锦纶纤维只具有拉伸传感，在压缩方向没有传感性能(随拉伸、压缩引起电阻变化)，而本发明的制备方法赋予芯层传感性能。
皮层为附着碳纳米管的棉纤维，1.摩擦纺后纱线电阻随皮层的厚度以及棉纤维上碳纳米管的含量的增大而减小，碳纳米管和银共同导电，可以做到10Ω级别，基本不影响电阻；2.用摩擦纺做出来的皮层在增强拉伸传感的同时具有一定的厚度，可以随着压缩产生电阻变化，赋予压缩传感；3.用摩擦纺做出来的皮层毛羽较多，织造成织物时纱线与纱线间连接得更紧密，形成一个导电的整体，织物因此电磁屏蔽效果较好，机织小样电磁屏蔽可达33.2dB，随织物经纬密的增加而增加；4.碳纳米管对太阳光有良好的吸收性能，机织小样光照10min后温度可达81℃；5.由于电阻较小，2cm纱线在4V加压下4min温度可达78.2℃。
本发明具有以下优点：本发明采用镀银锦纶为芯层，有良好的导电性能，在此基础之上以碳纳米管(CNT)包覆的普通天然纤维或化学纤维作为鞘层，通过摩擦纺的方式将鞘层复合在芯纱上，不仅增加了复合纱线导电性，也赋予了良好的电磁屏蔽、光热和电热转换功能，且能对拉伸和压缩都产生传感反馈；采用本发明方法制得的复合纱线功能稳定，循环性强，可编织，且本发明公开的方法操作简单、工艺流程短、生产速度快、可工业化大规模生产。
附图说明
图1是本发明的复合纱线在拉伸条件下拉伸传感的测试结果图。
图2是本发明的复合纱线在压缩条件下拉伸传感的测试结果图。
图3是采用本发明的复合纱线机织的针织物电磁屏蔽的测试结果图。
图4是本发明的复合纱线在4V电压下电热转换的测试结果图。
图5是采用本发明的复合纱线机织的针织物在光照下光热转换的测试结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明做进一步的描述，本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述：实施例1：一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.制备鞘层：羊毛表面喷涂浓度为0.15wt％的CNT溶液，喷涂CNT溶液采用喷枪的方式进行喷涂，喷涂的时间为5min，然后放入烘箱中进行烘干，所述烘箱的温度为60℃；重复喷涂和烘干操作2次；
S2.制备复合纱：以粗细为200D的镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将步骤S1制备的鞘层紧紧的包覆在芯层上，摩擦纺的摩擦辊速度为3000r/min，分梳棍速度为3000r/min，喂入速度为0.3m/min，输出速度为15m/min，卷曲速度为17m/min，制得多功能传感复合纱纱线。
实施例2：一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.制备鞘层：涤纶表面喷涂浓度为0.5wt％的CNT溶液，喷涂CNT溶液采用喷枪的方式进行喷涂，喷涂的时间为20min，然后放入烘箱中进行烘干，所述烘箱的温度为80℃；重复喷涂和烘干操作10次；
S2.制备复合纱：以粗细为400D的镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将步骤S1制备的鞘层紧紧的包覆在芯层上，摩擦纺的摩擦辊速度为6000r/min，分梳棍速度为5000r/min，喂入速度为1m/min，输出速度为25m/min，卷曲速度为27m/min，制得多功能传感复合纱纱线。
实施例3：一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.制备鞘层：羊毛、涤纶、麻和粘胶中的至少一种纤维条表面喷涂浓度为0.25wt％的CNT溶液，喷涂CNT溶液采用喷枪的方式进行喷涂，喷涂的时间为12min，然后放入烘箱中进行烘干，所述烘箱的温度为68℃；重复喷涂和烘干操作5次；
S2.制备复合纱：以粗细为300D的镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将步骤S1制备的鞘层紧紧的包覆在芯层上，摩擦纺的摩擦辊速度为4000r/min，分梳棍速度为3500r/min，喂入速度为0.5m/min，输出速度为18m/min，卷曲速度为22m/min，制得多功能传感复合纱纱线。
实施例4：一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，它包括以下步骤：
S1.制备鞘层：粘胶表面喷涂浓度为0.4wt％的CNT溶液，喷涂CNT溶液采用喷枪的方式进行喷涂，喷涂的时间为15min，然后放入烘箱中进行烘干，所述烘箱的温度为72℃；重复喷涂和烘干操作8次；
S2.制备复合纱：以粗细为200D的镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将步骤S1制备的鞘层紧紧的包覆在芯层上，摩擦纺的摩擦辊速度为5000r/min，分梳棍速度为4000r/min，喂入速度为0.8m/min，输出速度为22m/min，卷曲速度为25m/min，制得多功能传感复合纱纱线。
以下通过实验说明本发明的有益效果：
实验例1：
首先将棉条平铺在桌上，再将0.15wt％CNT溶液装入喷枪中，打开气阀，对着棉条喷涂10min，随后送入70℃烘箱烘干，循环进行喷涂和烘干3次，制得鞘层；
以200D镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将鞘层紧紧地包覆在芯层上，制得棉/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱，具体摩擦纺参数如表1所示；
表1实验例1的摩擦纺参数
摩擦辊 分梳棍 喂入速度 输出速度 卷取速度
5000r/min 4020r/min 0.4m/min 20m/min 22m/min
根据实验例1所制得的棉/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱，1cm长度复合纱线电阻为18.4Ω，电阻值稳定。拉伸如图1所示，可以作为拉伸传感器，压缩如图2所示，可以作为压缩传感器。
实验例2：
首先将棉条平铺在桌上，再将0.3wt％CNT溶液装入喷枪中，打开气阀，对着棉条喷涂5min，随后送入80℃烘箱烘干，循环进行喷涂和烘干5次，制得鞘层；
以300D镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将鞘层紧紧地包覆在芯层上，制得棉/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱，具体摩擦纺参数如表2所示；
通过针织横机将多功能传感复合纱织造成针织物。
表2实验例2的摩擦纺参数
摩擦辊 分梳棍 喂入速度 输出速度 卷取速度
5000r/min 4300r/min 0.6m/min 24m/min 26m/min
根据实验例2所制得的棉/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱，1cm长度复合纱线电阻为40.2Ω，电阻值稳定。棉/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱制得的针织物电磁屏蔽如图3所示，电磁屏蔽效果达到33.2dB，超过了商用屏蔽材料的20dB。
实验例3：
首先将涤纶条平铺在桌上，再将0.2wt％CNT溶液装入喷枪中，打开气阀，对着涤纶条喷涂7min，随后送入70℃烘箱烘干，循环进行喷涂和烘干5次，制得鞘层；
以300D镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将鞘层紧紧地包覆在芯层上，制得涤纶/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱，具体摩擦纺参数如表3所示；
表3实验例3摩擦纺参数
摩擦辊 分梳棍 喂入速度 输出速度 卷取速度
5000r/min 3500r/min 0.6m/min 15m/min 16m/min
根据实验例3所制得的涤纶/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱，1cm长度复合纱线电阻为32.4Ω，电阻值稳定。2cm长涤纶/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱在4V电压夹持下电热转换如图4所示，加压4min后纱线温度可达78.1℃，电热转换效果好。
实验例4：
首先将涤纶条平铺在桌上，再将0.4wt％CNT溶液装入喷枪中，打开气阀，对着涤纶条喷涂5min，随后送入75℃烘箱烘干，循环进行喷涂和烘干3次，制得鞘层；
以400D镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将鞘层紧紧地包覆在芯层上，制得涤纶/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱，具体摩擦纺参数如表4所示；
通过机织机将多功能传感复合纱织造成机织物。
表4实验例4摩擦纺参数
摩擦辊 分梳棍 喂入速度 输出速度 卷取速度
6000r/min 4000r/min 0.8m/min 22m/min 24m/min
根据实验例4所制得的涤纶/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱，1cm长度复合纱线电阻为25.6Ω，电阻值稳定。涤纶/CNT/Ag多功能传感复合纱制得的机织物在光照下光热转换如图5所示，光照10min后织物表面温度可达81℃，光热转换效果好。
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，根据本发明的技术方案及其发明构思加以等同替换或改变，都涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (9)

1.一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的多功能为具有电磁屏蔽、光热和电热转换功能，拉伸和压缩传感，制备方法包括以下步骤：
S1. 制备鞘层：纤维条表面喷涂CNT溶液，然后放入烘箱中进行烘干，所述烘箱的温度为60～80℃；
S2. 制备复合纱：以镀银锦纶纤维为芯层通过摩擦纺纺纱将步骤S1制备的鞘层紧紧的包覆在芯层上，制得多功能传感复合纱纱线，其中，所述摩擦纺的摩擦辊速度为3000～6000r/min，分梳棍速度为3000～5000r/min，喂入速度为0.3～1m/min，输出速度为15～25m/min，卷曲速度为17～27m/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述纤维条为羊毛、涤纶、麻和粘胶中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述CNT溶液的浓度为0.15～0.5wt%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，所述喷涂CNT溶液采用喷枪的方式进行喷涂，所述喷涂的时间为5～20min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，对步骤S1进行重复操作，所述重复的次数为2～10次。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多功能传感复合纱纱线的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤S2中所述镀银锦纶纤维的粗细为200D、300D或400D中的任意一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法制备的多功能传感复合纱纱线。
8.一种织物，其特征在于，采用权利要求7所述的多功能传感复合纱纱线机织而成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的一种织物，其特征在于，所述机织采用针织机或机织机。
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