CN114873976A - 一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及道路建筑材料领域,特别涉及一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,用包括碳纳米材料‑多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分和增塑剂在内的原料制备而得;所述碳纳米材料‑多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分是用包括碳纳米材料、多异氰酸酯和多元醇在内的原料混合制备得到的,还包括一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土的制备方法。本发明所制备的聚氨酯弹性混凝土免除了传统伸缩缝复杂的锚固结构,与路面衔接平整,消除跳车现象,同时基本消除行车噪声;该弹性混凝土采用密级配,空隙率低,不渗水,具有良好的防水性和耐久性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及道路建筑材料领域,特别涉及一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土及其制备方法。
背景技术
无缝伸缩缝通常采用弹性混凝土,沥青类弹性混凝土的高低温性能、疲劳性能及回弹性均难以令人满意,在使用过程中容易出现车辙、开裂、剥离等病害,耐久性差,使用寿命短,高温施工,碳排放高;树脂弹性混凝土往往难以同时兼顾强度、变形能力和粘结性能,而且,其抗疲劳开裂能力不足,在重载作用下很容易发生开裂病害,使用寿命远远未达预期。
CN 109251294 A公开了混凝土嵌缝用聚氨酯弹性体组合物及其制备方法,由A组分和B组分构成,其中,A组分由下列质量分数的物质组成:聚醚多元醇Ⅰ40-80%;增塑剂10-30%;溶剂10-50%;偶联剂1-5%;抗老化剂1-2%;催化剂0.3-1.0%;B组分由下列质量分数的物质组成:聚醚多元醇Ⅱ10-20%;溶剂10-30%;异氰酸酯50-70%。制得的弹性体组合物具有低粘度、较长操作时间、较高粘结性及不易发泡等特性;但仍存在防水能力不足,抗高低温能力差。此外,当汽车在常规的弹性混凝土上面行驶时,会不同程度地产生噪音,影响行车舒适性。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种高低温性能好、耐久性优异且抗噪音的聚氨酯弹性混凝土及其制备方法。
本发明提供基础方案是:一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,用包括碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分和增塑剂在内的原料制备而得;所述碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分是用包括碳纳米材料、多异氰酸酯和多元醇在内的原料混合制备得到的。
进一步地,所述碳纳米材料选自单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管和石墨烯中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述碳纳米材料为羧基化碳纳米材料。
进一步地,所述碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分制备方法为:称取羧基化碳纳米材料,依次加入多异氰酸酯和已脱水的多元醇,在氮气保护下搅拌的同时超声分散,加热反应,得到碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分。
进一步地,所述增塑剂选自邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)中的一种或几种。
进一步地,还包括以下原料组分制得:碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分、扩链剂、催化剂、偶联剂和消泡剂。
进一步地,所述碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分制备原料包括:聚氧化丙烯二醇和羧基化碳纳米材料。
进一步地,所述碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分制备方法为:称取已脱水的聚氧化丙烯二醇和羧基化碳纳米材料进行混合,然后加入4-二甲氨基吡啶,在氮气保护下超声分散,加热回流,得到碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分。
进一步地,所述多异氰酸酯选自二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)、对苯二异氰酸酯(PPDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述多元醇选自聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇、聚烯烃多元醇和植物油多元醇中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述扩链剂为3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)。
进一步地,所述偶联剂选自3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷和N-β-(氨乙基)-γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述消泡剂为有机硅消泡剂。
进一步地,所述催化剂选自羧酸铋类催化剂、羧酸锌类催化剂或锆络合物类催化剂的一种或几种。
进一步地,还包括以下原料组分制得:细集料、矿粉、纤维、水泥、橡胶颗粒和炭黑的混合物。
进一步地,所述细集料规格为S16(公称粒径0-3mm)。
进一步地,所述矿粉为石灰岩或岩浆岩中的强基性岩石等憎水性石料经磨细得到。
进一步地,所述纤维为聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维、聚氨酯纤维和木质素纤维中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述水泥为硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥、矿渣硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰硅酸盐水泥中的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述橡胶颗粒为废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒,粒径范围1-3mm。
一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土的制备方法,(1)采用混酸将碳纳米材料进行酸化,使其表面端基羧基化,得到羧基化碳纳米材料;
(2)步骤A:碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分加入增塑剂,混合搅拌;
步骤B:碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分加入扩链剂、催化剂、偶联剂和消泡剂,混合搅拌均匀;
步骤C:细集料、矿粉、纤维、水泥、橡胶颗粒和炭黑,混合搅拌;
步骤D:将步骤A制得的混合物和步骤B制得的混合物按100:35-75的重量比混合搅拌1-5min,得到胶结料;按重量比继续向胶结料中加入500-950份步骤C制得的混合物,再次混合搅拌均匀,制得聚氨酯弹性混凝土。
本发明具有如下的有益效果:
1、本发明利用羧酸化的碳纳米材料分别制备碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分和碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分,进而制备碳纳米材料-聚氨酯复合材料,可以使碳纳米材料在基体中分散更均匀,大幅度提升聚氨酯的本体性能;
2、本发明所制备的聚氨酯弹性混凝土免除了传统伸缩缝复杂的锚固结构,与路面衔接平整,消除跳车现象,基本消除行车噪声,具有自流平性能;该弹性弹性混凝土采用密级配,空隙率低,不渗水,具有良好的防水性和耐久性;
3、本发明所制备的聚氨酯弹性混凝土大幅度提升弹性混凝土的高低温性能;进一步提升弹性混凝土的弹性变形能力;还提升了弹性混凝土的抗疲劳开裂能力;明显改善弹性混凝土与基面混凝土的界面作用,增强其粘结强度。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)采用混酸将多壁碳纳米管进行酸化,使其表面端基羧基化,得到羧基化多壁碳纳米管。
(2)称取0.3份的羧基化多壁碳纳米管,依次加入30份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)和57份已脱水的聚醚多元醇,氮气保护下搅拌的同时超声分散30min,加热升温至80℃,继续反应4h,得到多壁碳纳米管-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分。冷却后,继续加入13份邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP),混合搅拌均匀,即A组分。
(3)称取60份已脱水的聚氧化丙烯二醇,0.3份羧基化多壁碳纳米管和3滴4-二甲氨基吡啶,氮气保护下混合均匀后超声分散30min,加热升温至65℃,回流反应12h,得到多壁碳纳米管-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分。继续加入20.5份3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)、15份3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、0.5份羧酸铋催化剂、1份有机硅消泡剂,混合搅拌均匀,即B组分。
(4)C组分的制备:70份S16细集料、30份石灰岩磨细矿粉、0.3份聚酯纤维、12份普通硅酸盐水泥、10份粒径为1-3mm的废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒、2份炭黑,混合搅拌均匀即制得C组分,使用前保持C组分干燥。
(5)将A组分和B组分按100:50的重量比混合搅拌3min,得到均匀的胶结料。
(6)向150份混合好的胶结料中继续加入600份的C组分,混合搅拌3min,即制得聚氨酯弹性混凝土。
实施例2
(1)采用混酸将石墨烯进行酸化,使其表面端基羧基化,得到羧基化石墨烯。
(2)称取0.2份的羧基化石墨烯,依次加入38份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和52份已脱水的聚酯多元醇,氮气保护下搅拌的同时超声分散30min,加热升温至80℃,继续反应4h,得到石墨烯-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分。冷却后,继续加入10份邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP),混合搅拌均匀,即A组分。
(3)称取75份已脱水的聚氧化丙烯二醇,0.2份羧基化石墨烯和4滴4-二甲氨基吡啶,氮气保护下混合均匀后超声分散30min,加热升温至65℃,回流反应12h,得到石墨烯-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分。继续加入10份3,3'-二氯-4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷(MOCA)、9份γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、0.35份羧酸锌催化剂、2份有机硅消泡剂,混合搅拌均匀,即B组分。
(4)C组分的制备:80份S16细集料、20份岩浆岩磨细矿粉、0.35份聚氨酯纤维、8份矿渣硅酸盐水泥、12份粒径为1-3mm的废旧轮胎橡胶颗粒、3份炭黑,混合搅拌均匀即制得C组分,使用前保持C组分干燥。
(5)将A组分和B组分按100:60的重量比混合搅拌3min,得到均匀的胶结料。
(6)向160份混合好的胶结料中继续加入750份的C组分,混合搅拌3min,即制得聚氨酯弹性混凝土。
实施例1-2制备得到的聚氨酯弹性混凝土性能测试结果,如表1所示。
表1聚氨酯弹性混凝土
测试项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 市面常规产品 | 测试方法 |
降噪程度,% | 23 | 28 | — | 噪声分析仪 |
弹性恢复率,% | 99.7 | 99.5 | 99.3 | ASTM D695-10 |
与基面粘结强度(25℃),MPa | 3.3 | 3.5 | 2.6 | GB/T 16777-2008 |
动稳定度(60℃),次/mm | 63000 | 57273 | 45000 | JTG E20-2011 |
低温破坏应变(-10℃),με | 59174 | 51508 | 39779 | JTG E20-2011 |
疲劳加载循环次数,次 | >9999 | >9999 | 7506 | Overlay Tester试验 |
从表1中数据可以看出,与基面粘结强度(25℃)>3.0MPa、动稳定度(60℃)>50000次/mm、低温破坏应变(-10℃)>50000με、疲劳加载循环次数>9999次,弹性恢复率>99%,降噪程度>20%,可见本发明制得的聚氨酯弹性混凝土高低温性能、变形能力、界面粘结能力优异,抗疲劳开裂能力强,自流平施工且吸音能力高。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,其特征在于:用包括碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分和增塑剂在内的原料制备而得;所述碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分是用包括碳纳米材料、多异氰酸酯和多元醇在内的原料混合制备得到的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,其特征在于:所述碳纳米材料选自单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管和石墨烯中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,其特征在于:所述碳纳米材料为羧基化碳纳米材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,其特征在于:所述碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分的制备方法为:称取羧基化碳纳米材料,依次加入多异氰酸酯和多元醇,在氮气保护下搅拌的同时超声分散,加热反应,得到碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,其特征在于:还包括用以下原料进行制备:碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分、扩链剂、催化剂、偶联剂和消泡剂;所述碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分是用包括聚氧化丙烯二醇和羧基化碳纳米材料在内的原料混合制备得到的。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,其特征在于:所述催化剂为羧酸铋催化剂、锆络合物催化剂或羧酸锌催化剂的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,其特征在于:所述碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分的制备方法为:称取聚氧化丙烯二醇和羧基化碳纳米材料进行混合,然后加入4-二甲氨基吡啶,在氮气保护下超声分散,加热回流,得到碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分。
8.根据权利要求1-7任一所述的一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,其特征在于:还包括用以下原料组分进行制备:细集料、矿粉、纤维、水泥、橡胶颗粒和炭黑的混合物。
9.根据权利要求8任一所述的一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土,其特征在于:所述矿料的粒径为0-3mm。
10.根据权利要求1-9任一所述的一种聚氨酯弹性混凝土的制备方法,其特征在于:
步骤A:向制备好的碳纳米材料-多异氰酸酯预聚体复合组分中加入增塑剂,混合搅拌得混合物;
步骤B:向碳纳米材料-聚氧化丙烯二醇复合组分中加入扩链剂、催化剂、偶联剂和消泡剂,混合搅拌得混合物;
步骤C:将细集料、矿粉、纤维、水泥、橡胶颗粒和炭黑混合搅拌得混合物;
步骤D:将步骤A制得的混合物和步骤B制得的混合物按100:35-75的重量比混合搅拌1-5min,得到胶结料;按重量比继续向胶结料中加入500-950份步骤C制得的混合物,再次混合搅拌均匀,制得聚氨酯弹性混凝土。
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