CN114868940A - Efficient red bean peeling special equipment and peeling method by using same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a special equipment for high-efficiency dry peeling of red beans and a peeling method with the help of the equipment, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment. The equipment includes a rotatable drum supported on a frame. The inner wall of the drum is evenly spaced with copying plates that are inclined forward in the direction of rotation. The circumferential wall has circumferentially extending oblong holes forming meshes. , The long circular holes in each row are distributed at axial intervals to form a lattice distribution. The circumferential intervals between the long circular holes in adjacent rows are distributed with needle rollers with arc edges extending into the peripheral wall. The extension direction of the needle rollers is the same as that of the copy plate The direction is basically vertical, and the plane where the arc edge is located is basically vertical to the tangential direction of the peripheral wall. The invention creates an original "cutting and peeling" method, which is suitable for red beans with thick skin layers. Regardless of the thickness of the skin layers, the peeling method and the "cutting and peeling" method can be combined to separate the skins and the bean embryos just right and effectively by cutting and prying with a needle. The peeling quality can be guaranteed, and the peeling efficiency is significantly improved by means of "cutting and peeling" combined with "grinding wheel friction" compared with the traditional single "grinding wheel friction".

Description

A kind of high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment and peeling method with the help of the equipment

technical field

The invention relates to a peeling equipment, in particular to a special equipment for high-efficiency red bean peeling, and also a peeling method using the equipment, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery and equipment.

Background technique

Peeling beans can effectively increase the protein content of soybean meal in edible beans and improve economic benefits. Similar to the dehulling process of soybeans and other beans, the dehulling of red beans has been carried out by the so-called wet or dry dehulling method for a long time. Wet peeling is first soaked in a large amount of water, and then peeled with conventional peeling equipment. The disadvantage is that the processing time is long, the water consumption is large, the bean kernel must be dried after peeling, and there is a problem of sewage discharge, and the problem of environmental pollution is increasingly prominent; The method of peeling is under the condition of normal storage moisture content, and it is directly peeled with the help of conventional peeling equipment. The process is simple and fast, and there is no need to dry the bean kernel, so it is widely used. However, in the case of unreasonable technical parameters and equipment structure of dry peeling, there are still shortcomings such as low peeling qualification rate and rice yield.

However, with the continuous improvement of people's dietary requirements, the processing requirements of red bean products such as flour are also getting higher and higher. The existing wet or dry peeling can no longer meet the requirements. The special process for red bean peeling and Equipment-related research is almost blank, and technological innovations to improve peeling quality have failed to solve the problem in a targeted manner. For example, it can be seen from the search that the Chinese patent with the application number of 201410042298.2 discloses a dehulling equipment designed with a drum for a mung bean dehulling machine. The drum can rotate around the center of its axis, the surface is a mesh screen, the inner wall of the drum extends out of the copy plate, the peeling grinding wheel is installed at the axis of the drum, and the mesh screen on the surface of the drum is provided with round holes or oblong holes, so The copying plates on the inner wall of the drum are divided into several groups at a distance along the circumferential direction, and each group has 3 sheets evenly distributed on the inner wall of the circumferential drum. Although the invention not only ensures the rice yield of mung bean to a certain extent, but also improves the production efficiency by means of turning and mixing, but it cannot meet the quality requirements of peeling when applied to red bean.

In addition, the Chinese patent application with application number 202111405776.8 discloses an innovative method for soybean peeling at low temperature, including pretreatment; ultrasonic cleaning, primary ventilation and drying, primary refrigeration, primary thawing, secondary refrigeration, secondary thawing, secondary The steps of secondary ultrasonic treatment, soaking treatment, secondary ventilation drying, tertiary refrigeration, tertiary thawing, tertiary ventilation drying, vacuum microwave shell breaking and sieving of soybean skins are carried out. Applying it to red bean peeling not only has complicated process equipment, increased cost, but also has poor effect.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is: in view of the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, propose a kind of high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment that can complete pretreatment red bean peeling with high quality and high efficiency, and provide a peeling method with the help of this equipment simultaneously, thereby effectively satisfying high-quality red bean products requirements.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the applicant has come to the conclusion after in-depth research: the root cause of the difficulty in peeling red beans is that, compared with other beans, the cortex of red beans is not only thicker, but also closely integrated with the embryo, and the thickness and thickness of different beans vary greatly. In the past, the peeling equipment essentially used "friction" to peel, and the "friction" time was short, and the thick-skinned beans could not be removed; the "friction" time was long, and the thin-skinned beans were excessively peeled and damaged, and the rice yield was low. As a result, the quality of peeling is uneven, which affects the rate of rice production and the qualified rate of peeling. It can be said that various technical improvements based on the existing innovative ideas cannot achieve just the right removal of the red bean skin layer.

On the basis of this knowledge, the applicant has provided the basic technical scheme of the high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment of the present invention: including a rotatable drum supported on a frame, and the circumferential wall of the drum is evenly spaced with a forward-inclined roller in the direction of rotation. Copy plate, the peripheral wall has circumferentially extending oblong holes forming meshes, the oblong holes are distributed in rows along the circumferential direction, and the oblong holes in each row are axially spaced to form a lattice distribution; Needle rollers with arc edge extending toward the peripheral wall are distributed at intervals in the circumferential direction, the extending direction of the needle roller is substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of the adjacent copying plate, and the plane where the arc edge is located is substantially perpendicular to the tangential direction of the peripheral wall.

When peeling, when the pretreated red bean embryo and the bean skin have gaps or even cracks, after entering the rotating drum, under the copying action of the copy board, it will "smash" on the rolling needle, so that the edge of the blade has a high probability. Cut between the bean skin and the bean embryo, peel and pry the loose bean skin to separate it from the bean husk, so that it can be peeled off smoothly in the subsequent rolling process. It is not difficult to understand that because the invention has made a breakthrough from the perspective of the working principle of the peeling equipment, it has created an original "cutting and peeling" method, which is not only suitable for red beans with thick skin layers, but also can be cut, peeled, and pryed. Just the right effective separation, so the peeling quality can be guaranteed, and the peeling efficiency is significantly improved by means of "cutting and peeling" combined with "grinding wheel friction" than the traditional single "grinding wheel friction".

A further improvement of the present invention is that the long side of the oblong hole is serrated. In this way, during the peeling process, the larger red beans can be discharged in time due to the smaller size after the red skin is peeled off, as the drum rotates, reducing the excessive friction between the peeled bean embryo and the grinding wheel, and effectively improving the rice yield. In addition, in the process of discharging this type of red beans, with the help of sawtooth scraping, the red skin remaining on the bean embryo of this type of red beans is more effectively and thoroughly removed, and the quality of peeling operation is improved.

A further improvement of the present invention is that the surface of the copying plate facing the rotation direction has rows of raised circular truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated troughs, and the protruded circular truncated truncated trays of adjacent rows are staggered. During the process of red beans being picked up, these round tables can make red bean skins rub strongly against the raised round tables due to the weight and pressure of red beans, so that the red skins are loosened and fall off more easily. The column spacing of adjacent raised circular truncated cones is 3-5 times the average particle size of red beans. This can effectively prevent the red beans from being stuck between the round tables and block the gap between the raised round tables during the process of picking up the red beans, so as to prevent other red beans from being peeled due to the impact and friction of the round tables during the picking up process.

A further improvement of the present invention is that the convex circular truncated tables are alternately distributed according to the regularity of one row of sparse intervals and the next row of dense intervals, the size of the sparse intervals is 3-5 times the average particle size of red beans, and the size of the dense intervals is the average particle size of red beans. 1.5-2.5 times the diameter. In this way, when the red beans are picked up by the copying board, they will oscillate substantially perpendicular to the column direction, and travel between the sparse and dense intervals. Because the densely distributed raised truncated cones are staggered, the red beans must be copied many times during the copying process. The impact on the convex round table will cause repeated friction with the plate round table, which will further help the red bean skin that has formed a gap with the bean embryo to loosen and fall off under the repeated impact with the boss, which is more conducive to red bean peeling.

The peeling method that adopts the special equipment for red bean peeling of the present invention comprises the following steps:

The first step, using 3±0.5% sodium chloride brine to adjust the humidity of the red beans to a moisture content of 11.5±0.5%;

The second step is to freeze the red beans after the humidity conditioning treatment in the environment of -15±2℃ for at least 5 hours;

The third step is to heat the frozen red beans intermittently in a microwave environment. The first time is heated to 50±2°C, and the temperature is kept for 1-1.2min, then turned for 10-15s; the second time is heated to 50±2°C, Insulation 2-2.2min;

The fourth step, put the intermittently heated red beans into the special equipment for high-efficiency red bean peeling, start and run for 25-30 minutes, and stop.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the roller assembly in the embodiment of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the expanded and enlarged structure of the partial screen mesh of FIG. 3 .

FIG. 5 is a left side view of FIG. 4 .

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the copy board in the embodiment of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the bottom view of FIG. 6 .

Detailed ways

Example 1

The high-efficiency red bean dry peeling special equipment of this embodiment is shown in FIG. The lower two sides of the box body 4 are respectively provided with a driving sprocket 17 and a driven sprocket 13 driven by the roller motor 14 through the coupling transmission mechanism. The transmission chain 8 between the sprocket 17 and the driven sprocket 13 is engaged, and the large sprocket 16 is fixedly connected with the peeling drum 5 .

The top of the box body 4 has a top cover 7, one side is equipped with a grinding wheel motor 9 that drives the grinding wheel roller 6 through a belt drive, and the other side is equipped with an air inlet that communicates with the box body 4 through an exhaust pipe 3 and has an exhaust port 19. Dust blower 2. The lower part of the box body 4 is equipped with a funnel 18 with a discharge port 15 . The discharge port 15 is located above the feed end of the sorting screen 10 , and the discharge end of the sorting screen 10 receives the hopper 11 . In the figure, 1 is the electric control cabinet.

The specific structure of the drum 5 is shown in Figures 2 and 3. The whole is cylindrical, and the peripheral wall 5-3 with an openable and closeable cover 5-1 is in the shape of a screen. The peripheral wall 5-3 is evenly spaced. The copying board 5-2 tilted forward in the rotation direction, each group has three copying boards 5-2 distributed at intervals, the central angle between the roots of the adjacent copying boards 5-2 is 20°, and the extension direction of each copying board 5-2 is the same as that. The included angle of the connecting center line at the root is 35°.

The specific structure of the expanded view of the screen is shown in Figures 4 and 5. Each row of circumferentially extending oblong holes 5-a is distributed at an axial interval to form a mesh lattice. The long side of the oblong hole 5-a is serrated. The geometric centers of the oblong holes 5-a in the adjacent rows are dislocated, and the needle rollers 5-b with the arc edge 5-c extending toward the peripheral wall are distributed at the circumferential interval between the two adjacent rows of oblong holes, and the needle rollers 5 The extension direction of -b is substantially perpendicular to the extension direction of the copying plate 5-2, and the plane where the arc edge 5-c is located is perpendicular to the tangential direction of the peripheral wall 5-3.

The specific structure of the copying plate 5-2 is shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, and the surface facing the rotation direction has a row (the row direction is the axial direction) convex truncated cones 5-e distributed at intervals. The column spacing d=15mm between adjacent raised circular truncated cones is about 4 times the average particle size of red beans. The spacing of the raised circular truncated truncated 5-e in adjacent columns is alternately sparse and dense. The size s1 of the sparse spacing is equal to the column spacing, which is also about 4 times the average particle size of red beans, and the size s2 of the dense spacing is equal to about 2 of the average particle size of red beans. times, is 7mm.

When the red beans are peeled, the following pretreatments are firstly carried out: the first step is to use 3% sodium chloride brine to adjust the moisture content of the red beans to 11.5% by spraying moisture; Freeze at -15°C for at least 5 hours; the third step is to place the frozen red beans in a microwave environment for intermittent heating, the first heating to 50°C, holding for 1min, and then flipping for 10s; reheating for the second time To 50 ℃, keep warm for 2min; the purpose of the second heating is to quickly vaporize the water vapor after the first heating, which can make the red bean skin micro-explode and loosely separate from the bean embryo.

Then go to the fourth step, put the intermittently heated red beans into the special equipment for high-efficiency red bean peeling, and start running for 25-30 minutes. Specifically, lift the top cover and open the cover, put the red beans to be peeled into the drum, close the cover and the top cover, start the drum motor and fan first, and make the red beans roll in the drum for about 5 minutes. The needle initially destroys the red skin of the red bean, and then starts the grinding wheel motor, so that the red beans are ground with the grinding roller, and the needle is cut and peeled at the same time. Can.

In the above process, the pretreatment can make the red bean skin layer and the bean embryo form a gap or even peel off, and initially loosen from the bean embryo. Then it is sent to the peeling machine for high-speed flipping and then low-speed grinding. Usually, the drum speed is controlled at about 1000r/min, and the reverse rotation speed of the grinding wheel roller is about 20r/min, so as to ensure that the red beans are constantly flipped, evenly polished, and combined with the needle roller. Produces constant cutting and peeling. The dense and densely spaced bosses on the copying board can effectively ensure that the red beans are picked up in the radial direction, and complete the complete friction process between the bean skin and the boss. The friction further loosens the bean skin, which is more conducive to more thorough peeling. Ensure that red beans do not remain and block during the peeling process. The unique needle rolling structure makes the red beans "smash" on the cutting edge of the needle during the copying process, so that the cutting edge can be inserted between the bean skin and the bean embryo with a high probability, which will pry the loose bean skin and make the beans. The skin peels off effectively. In addition, the serrated edge of the oblong hole enables the bean hulls that cannot be removed in time by the rolling needle during the peeling process to be further scraped by the sawtooth when discharging, and can be completely removed.

In a word, in this embodiment, through the combination of process and equipment innovation, the red bean is first soaked with a certain concentration of light salt water, and then the red bean skin is separated from the bean embryo by the hot steam generated by the rapid heating of the microwave, and loosened from each other, and the red bean and the red bean are destroyed before peeling. The binding force of the bean embryo, and then the red bean skin is evenly taken off using special equipment. The test shows that the peeling time can be shortened by more than 30%, and the peeling qualification rate can be increased by more than 40%.

In addition to the above-described embodiments, the present invention may also have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A special equipment for high-efficiency red bean peeling, comprising a rotatable drum supported on a frame, and the peripheral wall of the drum is evenly distributed with copying boards that are inclined forward in the direction of rotation, and the peripheral wall has a circumferential extension that forms a mesh. The oblong holes are distributed in a row along the circumferential direction, and each row of oblong holes is distributed axially at intervals to form a lattice distribution, which is characterized in that: Needle rollers with arc edges extending toward the peripheral wall are distributed at circumferential intervals between the oblong holes in adjacent rows. The extending direction of the needle rollers is substantially perpendicular to the extending direction of the adjacent copying plate, and the plane where the arc edges are located. Tangentially perpendicular to the peripheral wall. 2 . The high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment according to claim 1 , wherein the long sides of the oblong holes are serrated. 3 . 3. The high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: the surface of the copying plate toward the rotation direction has rows of raised circular truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated truncated troughs, and the column spacing of the protruded truncated truncated trays is the average red bean grain size. 3-5 times the diameter, and the raised circular truncated cones in adjacent columns are staggered. 4. high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described raised circular platform alternately changes according to the regularity of one row of sparse interval distribution, the next row of dense interval distribution, and the size of sparse interval is the average size of red bean. 3-5 times, and the size of the dense spacing is 1.5-2.5 times the average particle size of red beans. 5 . The high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment according to claim 4 , wherein the geometric centers of the oblong holes in adjacent rows are dislocated. 6 . 6. The high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the top of the frame supports a rotatable drum located in the box and a grinding wheel roller located in the drum; the drum rotating speed 1000±50r/min, the reverse rotation speed of the grinding wheel roller is 20±2r/min. 7. adopt the peeling method of the said high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment of claim 6, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: The first step, using 3±0.5% sodium chloride brine to adjust the humidity of the red beans to a moisture content of 11.5±0.5%; The second step is to freeze the red beans after the humidity conditioning treatment in the environment of -15±2℃ for at least 5 hours; The third step is to heat the frozen red beans intermittently in a microwave environment. The first time is heated to 50±2°C, and the temperature is kept for 1-1.2min, then turned for 10-15s; the second time is heated to 50±2°C, Insulation 2-2.2min; The fourth step, put the intermittently heated red beans into the special equipment for high-efficiency red bean peeling, start and run for 25-30 minutes, and stop.

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