CN114868940A - Efficient red bean peeling special equipment and peeling method by using same - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to efficient red bean dry-method peeling special equipment and a peeling method by using the same, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment. The device comprises a rotatable roller supported on a frame, shoveling plates inclining forwards in the rotating direction are uniformly distributed in the peripheral wall of the roller at intervals, the peripheral wall is provided with circumferentially extending long circular holes forming meshes, the long circular holes are circumferentially distributed in rows at intervals, the long circular holes in each row are axially distributed at intervals to form dot matrix distribution, needle rollers with arc edges extending inwards the peripheral wall are circumferentially distributed between the long circular holes in adjacent rows at intervals, the extending direction of the needle rollers is basically vertical to the extending direction of the shoveling plates, and the plane of the arc edges is basically vertical to the tangential direction of the peripheral wall. The invention originally creates a cutting and peeling method, is suitable for red beans with thick skins, can combine a peeling method with the cutting and peeling method to effectively separate skins from bean embryos just right by cutting and prying through rolling needles no matter the skins are thick, can ensure the peeling quality, and remarkably improves the peeling efficiency by cutting and peeling and combining grinding wheel friction compared with the traditional single grinding wheel friction.

Description

Efficient red bean peeling special equipment and peeling method by using same

Technical Field

The invention relates to peeling equipment, in particular to efficient red bean peeling special equipment, and also relates to a peeling method by means of the equipment, belonging to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment.

Background

The peeling of the beans can effectively improve the protein content of the bean pulp in the edible beans and improve the economic benefit. For a long time, the method of peeling red beans by a so-called wet method or dry method has been used similarly to the peeling process of beans such as soybeans. The wet peeling method firstly uses a large amount of water for soaking, and then uses the conventional peeling equipment for peeling, and has the defects of long processing time, large water consumption, bean kernel drying after peeling, sewage discharge problem and increasingly prominent environmental pollution problem; the dry peeling method is characterized in that the bean kernels are directly peeled by conventional peeling equipment under the condition of normal storage water content, the working procedure is simple and rapid, and the bean kernels do not need to be dried, so that the application is increasingly wide. However, the dry peeling process has the defects of low peeling qualified rate and rice yield under the condition of unreasonable equipment structure.

However, with the continuous improvement of the food requirements of people, the processing requirements of red bean products such as milling and the like are higher and higher, the existing peeling requirements of wet method and dry method can not be met, the research on the special technology and equipment for peeling red beans is almost blank, and the technical innovation for improving the peeling quality can not be solved in a targeted manner. For example, the retrieval can know that chinese patent with application number 201410042298.2 discloses a peeling apparatus has designed the cylinder for the mung bean peeling machine, and it includes that one end is installed on the frame bearing frame, and the cylinder on the frame mounting seat is adorned to the other end, the cylinder can rotate around self axle center, and the surface is the mesh screen, the inner wall of cylinder stretches out the flight, the axle center department installation peeling emery wheel of cylinder, round hole or slotted hole are seted up on the cylinder surface mesh screen, the flight of cylinder inner wall is followed one section distance of circumference interval and is divided into a plurality of groups, and every group is 3 interval evenly distributed on circumference cylinder inner wall. Although the invention ensures the rice yield of the mung beans and improves the production efficiency to a certain extent by virtue of the function of turning, stirring and mixing, the invention can not meet the requirement of peeling quality when being applied to the red beans.

In addition, chinese patent application No. 202111405776.8 discloses an innovative method for low temperature dehulling of soybeans, comprising pretreatment; ultrasonic impurity removal, primary ventilation drying, primary refrigeration, primary defrosting, secondary refrigeration, secondary defrosting, secondary ultrasonic treatment, soaking treatment, secondary ventilation drying, tertiary refrigeration, tertiary defrosting, tertiary ventilation drying, vacuum microwave shell breaking, bean skin screening and the like. The method is applied to red bean peeling, so that the process equipment is complex, the cost is increased, and the effect is still poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: aiming at the defects in the prior art, the special high-efficiency red bean peeling equipment capable of efficiently finishing the peeling of the pretreated red beans is provided, and a peeling method by the special high-efficiency red bean peeling equipment is provided, so that the requirement of high-quality red bean products is met practically.

In order to achieve the above object, the applicant has made extensive studies to conclude that: the root cause of the difficulty in peeling the red beans is that compared with other beans, the skin layer of the red beans is thick and tightly combined with the embryo, the thickness and the thickness difference between different bean grains are large, the former peeling equipment is substantially peeled by means of friction, the friction time is short, and the bean grains with thick skins cannot be peeled; the rubbing time is long, the soybean grains with thin skins are excessively peeled and damaged, and the rice yield is low. As a result, the quality of the husking is uneven, which affects the yield of rice and the qualified rate of husking. It can be said that various technical improvements on the basis of the existing innovative thinking can not realize proper removal of the red bean cortex.

On the basis of the recognition, the applicant provides a basic technical scheme of the special efficient red bean peeling equipment, which comprises the following steps: the rotary tray comprises a rotatable roller supported on a frame, shoveling plates inclining forwards in the rotating direction are uniformly distributed in the peripheral wall of the roller at intervals, the peripheral wall is provided with circumferentially extending long circular holes forming meshes, the long circular holes are distributed in rows at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the long circular holes in each row are distributed at intervals in the axial direction to form dot matrix distribution; and rolling needles with arc-shaped edges extending towards the peripheral wall are circumferentially distributed at intervals between the adjacent rows of the oblong holes, the extending direction of the rolling needles is basically vertical to the extending direction of the adjacent shovelling plates, and the planes of the arc-shaped edges are basically vertical to the tangential direction of the peripheral wall.

When peeling, after a gap or even a crack is generated between the preprocessed red bean embryo and the bean skin and enters the rotary roller, the red bean embryo and the bean skin are broken down on the roller pin under the stirring action of the stirring plate, so that the blade edge can be roughly cut into the space between the bean skin and the bean embryo, the loosened bean skin is peeled off and pried, the bean skin is separated from the bean embryo, and the bean embryo is smoothly peeled off in the subsequent tumbling process. It is easy to understand that the invention breaks through from the angle of the working principle of the peeling equipment, the 'cutting and peeling' method is originally created, the invention is not only suitable for the red beans with thick skin layers, but also can ensure the peeling quality by cutting and prying to just and effectively separate the skins and the blanks no matter the skin layers are thick and thin, and the peeling efficiency is obviously improved by cutting and peeling and combining with the friction of a grinding wheel compared with the traditional single 'grinding wheel friction'.

The invention has the further perfection that the long edge of the long round hole is in a sawtooth shape. Therefore, the large red beans can be discharged in time in the peeling process due to the fact that the red skins are removed and the size of the red skins is reduced and the red skins are rotated along with the roller, excessive friction between the peeled bean blanks and the grinding wheel is reduced, and the rice yield is effectively improved. And with the help of the scraping of sawtooth at the in-process that this type of red bean was discharged, the red skin that remains on the bean embryo of more effective thorough removal this type of red bean promotes the operation quality of desquamation.

The invention is further perfected in that the surface of the shoveling plate facing to the rotating direction is provided with rows of convex circular truncated cones which are distributed at intervals, and the convex circular truncated cones of adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered mode. The round tables can enable red bean skins to strongly rub with the protruding round tables due to the dead weight and pressure of the red beans in the process of lifting the red beans, so that the red skins are loosened and are easy to fall off. The row spacing of the adjacent convex circular truncated cones is 3-5 times of the average grain diameter of the red beans. Therefore, the red beans can be effectively prevented from being blocked between the circular truncated cones to block gaps between the convex circular truncated cones in the process of lifting the red beans, and the red beans are prevented from being difficultly knocked and rubbed by the circular truncated cones to peel in the process of lifting the other red beans.

The invention has the further improvement that the convex round tables are alternately changed according to the rule that one row is distributed at intervals and the next row is distributed at intervals, the size of the intervals is 3-5 times of the average grain diameter of the red beans, and the size of the intervals is 1.5-2.5 times of the average grain diameter of the red beans. Therefore, after the red beans are picked up by the shoveling plate, the red beans do bumping motion basically perpendicular to the row direction and pass through the sparse intervals and the dense intervals, and the dense convex round tables are staggered, so that the red beans inevitably impact the convex round tables for many times in the process of turning and picking, and repeatedly rub against the round tables of the shoveling plate for many times, thereby further facilitating the red bean skins which generate gaps with the bean embryos to loosen and fall off under the action of the impact of the red bean skins with the convex tables for many times, and further facilitating the peeling of the red beans.

The peeling method adopting the special red bean peeling equipment comprises the following steps:

firstly, humidifying red beans by using 3 +/-0.5% sodium chloride saline water until the water content is 11.5 +/-0.5%;

secondly, placing the red beans subjected to humidity adjustment treatment in an environment with the temperature of-15 +/-2 ℃ for freezing for at least 5 hours;

thirdly, intermittently heating the frozen red beans in a microwave environment, heating the red beans to 50 +/-2 ℃ for the first time, preserving the heat for 1-1.2min, and turning over for 10-15 s; heating to 50 + -2 deg.C for the second time, and maintaining the temperature for 2-2.2 min;

and fourthly, putting the red beans after intermittent heating into high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment, starting the machine to run for 25-30 minutes, and stopping the machine.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the drum assembly in the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a left side view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a partially expanded screen structure of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a left side view of fig. 4.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the shoveling plate structure in the embodiment of FIG. 1.

Fig. 7 is a schematic bottom view of the enlarged structure of fig. 6.

Detailed Description

Example one

The special high-efficiency red bean dry peeling equipment of the embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and a rotatable drum 5 in a box body 4 and a grinding wheel roller 6 which is arranged in the drum 5 and has the opposite rotation direction to the drum are supported above a frame 12. The two sides of the lower part of the box body 4 are respectively provided with a driving chain wheel 17 and a driven chain wheel 13 which are driven by a roller motor 14 through a coupling transmission mechanism, the roller 5 is coaxially and fixedly connected with a large chain wheel 16, the large chain wheel 16 is meshed with a transmission chain 8 which surrounds between the driving chain wheel 17 and the driven chain wheel 13, and the large chain wheel 16 is fixedly connected with the peeling roller 5.

The top of the box body 4 is provided with a top cover 7, one side of the box body is provided with a grinding wheel roller motor 9 for driving a grinding wheel roller 6 through belt transmission, and the other side of the box body is provided with a dust exhaust fan 2, wherein an air inlet of the dust exhaust fan is communicated with the box body 4 through an exhaust pipe 3 and is provided with an air outlet 19. The lower part of the box 4 is provided with a funnel 18 with a discharge opening 15. The discharge port 15 is positioned above the feed end of the separating screen 10, and the discharge end of the separating screen 10 is connected with the receiving hopper 11. In the figure, 1 is an electric control cabinet.

The specific structure of the roller 5 is as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the whole roller is cylindrical, the peripheral wall 5-3 with the opening and closing cover 5-1 is in a screen shape, three groups of shoveling plates 5-2 which incline forwards in the rotating direction are uniformly distributed in the peripheral wall 5-3 at intervals, each group is provided with three shoveling plates 5-2 which are distributed at intervals, the central angle between the roots of the adjacent shoveling plates 5-2 is 20 degrees, and the included angle between the extension direction of each shoveling plate 5-2 and the connecting line of the roots is 35 degrees.

The specific structure of the developed screen is shown in fig. 4 and 5, and rows of circumferentially extending oblong holes 5-a are axially spaced to form a mesh lattice. The long edge of the oblong hole 5-a is in a sawtooth shape. The geometrical centers of the long round holes 5-a in adjacent rows are staggered, needle rollers 5-b with arc-shaped edge 5-c extending towards the inner side of the peripheral wall are circumferentially distributed between the two long round holes in the adjacent rows at intervals, the extending direction of the needle rollers 5-b is basically vertical to the extending direction of the shoveling plate 5-2, and the plane where the arc-shaped edge 5-c is located is vertical to the tangential direction of the peripheral wall by 5-3.

As shown in fig. 6 and 7, the shoveling plate 5-2 has a specific structure in which rows (the row direction is an axial direction) of protruding truncated cones 5-e are arranged at intervals on the surface facing the rotation direction. The row spacing d =15mm of the adjacent convex circular truncated cones is about 4 times of the average grain diameter of the red beans. The distance between the convex circular truncated cones 5-e of adjacent rows is alternately changed in a sparse and dense way, the size s1 of the sparse space is equal to the row distance and is about 4 times of the average grain diameter of the red beans, and the size s2 of the dense space is equal to about 2 times of the average grain diameter of the red beans and is 7 mm.

When red beans are peeled, the following pretreatment is firstly carried out: firstly, carrying out humidity regulation treatment such as spraying humidity on red beans by using 3% sodium chloride saline water until the water content is 11.5%; secondly, placing the red beans subjected to humidity adjustment treatment in an environment with the temperature of-15 ℃ for freezing for at least 5 hours; thirdly, intermittently heating the frozen red beans in a microwave environment, heating to 50 ℃ for the first time, preserving the heat for 1min, and turning over for 10 s; heating to 50 deg.C for the second time, and maintaining for 2 min; the purpose of the second heating is to quickly vaporize the water vapor after the first heating, so that the red bean peel can be slightly exploded and loosened to separate from the bean embryo.

And then, the fourth step is carried out, the red beans after intermittent heating are placed into high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment, and the red beans are started to run for 25-30 minutes. Particularly, lift the top cap and open the lid mouth, will wait to peel in the red bean is packed into the cylinder, close lid mouth and top cap after, start cylinder motor and fan earlier, make the red bean roll in the cylinder and copy about 5min, utilize the kingpin to tentatively destroy red bean skin, restart emery wheel roller motor, make red bean and sand roller grinding, cut with the kingpin and peel and go on simultaneously, the fan is in time siphoned away the skin piece of bean that takes off, it can to shut down the ejection of compact after about 25 minutes.

In the process, the pretreatment can ensure that the red bean cortex and the bean embryo generate gaps and even are peeled off, and the red bean cortex and the bean embryo are loosened preliminarily. Then the red beans are sent into a peeling machine to be firstly turned at a high speed and then ground at a low speed, the rotating speed of a roller is controlled to be about 1000r/min, and the reverse rotating speed of a grinding wheel roller is controlled to be about 20r/min, so that the red beans are continuously turned and uniformly ground, and the red beans and the rolling needles are continuously peeled. The density interval lug boss on the shoveling plate can effectively ensure that the red beans are shoveled in the radial direction, the complete friction process of the bean skins and the lug boss is completed, the bean skins are further loosened by friction, the peeling is more facilitated to be more thorough, and meanwhile, the red beans are not detained and blocked in the peeling process by proper intervals. The unique roller pin structure enables the red beans to be broken down on the cutting edges of the roller pins in the process of copying, so that the cutting edges are inserted between the bean skin and the bean embryo approximately, the loosened bean skin is pried, and the bean skin is effectively fallen off. In addition, the saw-tooth edges of the long circular holes enable the soybean hulls which are not timely peeled off by the rolling needles in the peeling process to be further scraped by the saw-teeth during discharging, so that the soybean hulls can be thoroughly peeled off.

In a word, this embodiment combines together through technology and equipment innovation, soaks the red bean with the light salt solution of certain concentration earlier, and the hot steam that produces through the rapid heating of microwave makes the red bean skin break away from the bean embryo, and is not hard up each other, destroys the cohesion of red bean and bean embryo before the desquamation, then uses special equipment to take off the red bean skin evenly. Tests show that the peeling time can be shortened by more than 30%, the peeling qualified rate is improved by more than 40%, the beneficial effects are very obvious, a large amount of water is prevented from soaking, and the peeling qualified rate is ensured.

In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may have other embodiments. All technical solutions formed by adopting equivalent substitutions or equivalent transformations fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a high-efficient red bean desquamation professional equipment, includes the rotatable cylinder that supports in the frame, interval equipartition has the shovelling plate that leans forward towards the direction of rotation in the perisporium of cylinder, the perisporium has the circumference that forms the mesh and extends the slotted hole, the slotted hole is along the circumference interval distribution in row, and the axial interval distribution of each row of slotted hole constitutes dot matrix distribution, its characterized in that:

and rolling needles with arc-shaped edges extending towards the peripheral wall are circumferentially distributed at intervals between the adjacent rows of the oblong holes, the extending direction of the rolling needles is basically vertical to the extending direction of the adjacent shovelling plates, and the plane of the arc-shaped edges is vertical to the tangential direction of the peripheral wall.

2. The special high-efficiency red bean peeling device according to claim 1, wherein: the long edge of the long round hole is in a sawtooth shape.

3. The special high-efficiency red bean peeling device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the surface of the shoveling plate facing the rotating direction is provided with rows of convex circular truncated cones which are distributed at intervals, the row spacing of the convex circular truncated cones is 3-5 times of the average grain size of the red beans, and the convex circular truncated cones of adjacent rows are distributed in a staggered mode.

4. The special high-efficiency red bean peeling device of claim 3, which is characterized in that: the convex round tables are alternately distributed according to the rule that one row is distributed at intervals and the next row is distributed at intervals, the size of the intervals is 3-5 times of the average grain diameter of the red beans, and the size of the intervals is 1.5-2.5 times of the average grain diameter of the red beans.

5. The special high-efficiency red bean peeling device of claim 4, which is characterized in that: the geometric centers of the long round holes in adjacent rows are staggered.

6. The special high-efficiency red bean peeling device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: a rotatable roller in the box body and a grinding wheel roller in the roller are supported above the frame; the rotating speed of the roller is 1000 +/-50 r/min, and the reverse rotating speed of the grinding wheel roller is 20 +/-2 r/min.

7. The peeling method adopting the high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment of claim 6 is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, humidifying red beans by using 3 +/-0.5% sodium chloride saline water until the water content is 11.5 +/-0.5%;

secondly, placing the red beans subjected to humidity adjustment treatment in an environment with the temperature of-15 +/-2 ℃ for freezing for at least 5 hours;

thirdly, intermittently heating the frozen red beans in a microwave environment, heating the red beans to 50 +/-2 ℃ for the first time, preserving the heat for 1-1.2min, and turning over for 10-15 s; heating to 50 + -2 deg.C for the second time, and maintaining the temperature for 2-2.2 min;

and fourthly, putting the red beans after intermittent heating into high-efficiency red bean peeling special equipment, starting the machine to run for 25-30 minutes, and stopping the machine.

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