CN114868940B

CN114868940B - Red bean peeling equipment and peeling method by means of same

Info

Publication number: CN114868940B
Application number: CN202210588079.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王建楠; 谢焕雄; 刘敏基; 吴惠昌; 颜建春; 魏海; 游兆延; 张会娟; 高学梅; 于向涛
Original assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Current assignee: Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
Priority date: 2022-05-26
Filing date: 2022-05-26
Publication date: 2023-06-13
Anticipated expiration: 2042-05-26
Also published as: CN114868940A

Abstract

The invention relates to red bean dry peeling equipment and a peeling method by means of the equipment, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural mechanical equipment. The device comprises a rotatable roller supported on a frame, wherein shoveling plates which incline forward in the rotating direction are uniformly distributed in the peripheral wall of the roller at intervals, circumferentially extending slotted holes forming meshes are formed in the peripheral wall, the slotted holes are circumferentially distributed at intervals to form rows, the slotted holes in each row are axially distributed at intervals to form lattice distribution, rolling needles with arc edges which extend in the peripheral wall are circumferentially distributed at intervals between the slotted holes in adjacent rows, the extending direction of the rolling needles is basically vertical to the extending direction of the shoveling plates, and the plane where the arc edges are located is basically vertical to the tangential direction of the peripheral wall. The invention creates a cutting and peeling method, is suitable for red beans with thick skin layers, can combine the peeling method with the cutting and peeling method to properly and effectively separate the skin from the bean embryo through rolling pin cutting and peeling and prying, can ensure the peeling quality, and remarkably improves the peeling efficiency by means of cutting and peeling and combining with grinding wheel friction compared with the traditional single grinding wheel friction.

Description

Red bean peeling equipment and peeling method by means of same

Technical Field

The invention relates to a peeling device, in particular to a red bean peeling device, and also relates to a peeling method by means of the device, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery.

Background

The peeling of beans can effectively improve the protein content of bean pulp in edible beans and improve the economic benefit. For a long time, red bean peeling has been performed by a so-called wet or dry peeling method, similar to the peeling process of beans such as soybeans. Wet peeling, which is to soak a large amount of water and then peel with conventional peeling equipment, has the disadvantages of long processing time, large water consumption, drying of bean kernels after peeling, sewage discharge problem and increasingly prominent environmental pollution problem; the dry peeling is carried out under the condition of normal storage moisture content, and the dry peeling is directly peeled by means of conventional peeling equipment, so that the process is simple and quick, and the bean kernels are not required to be dried, and the dry peeling method is increasingly widely applied. However, under the condition of unreasonable dry peeling process parameters and equipment structures, the defects of low peeling qualification rate and rice yield still exist.

However, with the continuous improvement of dietary requirements of people, the processing requirements of red bean products such as flour milling and the like are higher, the existing wet-process or dry-process peeling cannot meet the requirements, the special process and equipment related research for red bean peeling is almost blank, and the technical innovation for improving the peeling quality cannot solve the problem pertinently. For example, searching and knowing, chinese patent application number 201410042298.2 discloses a peeling apparatus designed for mung bean peeling machine roller, which comprises a roller with one end installed on a frame bearing seat and the other end installed on a frame installation seat, wherein the roller can rotate around its own axis center, the surface is a mesh screen, the inner wall of the roller extends out of a shoveling plate, a peeling grinding wheel is installed at the axis center of the roller, a round hole or a long round hole is formed on the surface mesh screen of the roller, the shoveling plate of the inner wall of the roller is divided into a plurality of groups along a circumferential interval, and each group is 3 pieces of intervals evenly distributed on the inner wall of the circumferential roller. Although the invention ensures the rice yield of mung beans and improves the production efficiency to a certain extent by virtue of the stirring and mixing effect, the peeling quality requirement can not be met when the invention is applied to red beans.

In addition, the chinese patent application No. 202111405776.8 discloses an innovative method of low temperature dehulling soybeans, including pretreatment; ultrasonic wave edulcoration, primary ventilation drying, primary refrigeration, primary defrosting, secondary refrigeration, secondary defrosting, secondary ultrasonic treatment, soaking treatment, secondary ventilation drying, tertiary refrigeration, tertiary defrosting, tertiary ventilation drying, vacuum microwave crust breaking, screening and the like. The application of the red bean peeling agent to red bean peeling is complex in process equipment, high in cost and still poor in effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims at: aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the red bean peeling equipment capable of high-quality and high-efficiency finishing of the pretreatment red bean peeling is provided, and meanwhile, the peeling method by means of the equipment is provided, so that the requirements of high-quality red bean products are practically met.

In order to achieve the above object, the applicant has conducted intensive studies to conclude that: the root cause of the red bean peeling difficulty is that compared with other beans, the red bean has thicker cortex, is tightly combined with embryo, has large thickness and thickness difference between different beans, and the traditional peeling equipment is used for peeling by virtue of 'friction', has short 'friction' time and can not remove beans with thicker skin; the 'rubbing' time is long, the beans with thinner skin are excessively peeled and damaged, and the rice yield is low. As a result, the peeling quality is uneven, and the rice yield and the peeling qualification rate are affected. It can be said that various technical improvements based on the existing innovative thought cannot achieve the proper removal of red bean cortex.

Based on the knowledge, the applicant provides a basic technical scheme of the red bean peeling device: the rotary drum is supported on a frame, grinding wheel rollers with opposite rotation directions are arranged in the drum, shoveling plates which incline forwards in the rotation direction are uniformly distributed in the peripheral wall of the drum at intervals, the peripheral wall is provided with circumferentially extending long round holes forming meshes, the long round holes are circumferentially distributed at intervals to form rows, and the long round holes in each row are axially distributed at intervals to form lattice distribution; the rolling pins with circular arc edges extending into the peripheral wall are circumferentially distributed at intervals between the oblong holes in the adjacent rows, the extending direction of the rolling pins is basically vertical to the extending direction of the adjacent shoveling plates, and the plane where the circular arc edges are located is basically vertical to the tangential direction of the peripheral wall.

When the bean embryo and the bean skin of the pretreated red bean are in clearance or even in crack during peeling, the bean embryo and the bean skin of the pretreated red bean are smashed and fall on a rolling pin under the shoveling of a shoveling plate, so that the edge of the knife edge cuts into the space between the bean skin and the bean embryo with high probability, and the loosened bean skin is cut, peeled and pried to be separated from the bean embryo, so that the bean embryo is peeled off smoothly in the subsequent barreling process. It is easy to understand that the invention breaks through the working principle of the peeling equipment, and creates a cutting and peeling method, which is not only suitable for red beans with the thickness of the skin layer, but also can separate the skin and the blank properly and effectively through cutting and peeling and prying no matter the thickness of the skin layer, thus the peeling quality can be ensured, and the peeling efficiency is obviously improved by cutting and peeling and combining with grinding wheel friction compared with the traditional single grinding wheel friction.

The invention is further perfected that the long side of the oblong hole is in a zigzag shape. Therefore, in the peeling process of the large red beans, the red beans are peeled, the red beans become small in size and are discharged in time along with the rotation of the roller, excessive friction between peeled bean embryos and the grinding wheel is reduced, and the rice yield is effectively improved. And the red skin remained on the bean embryo of the red beans is removed more effectively and thoroughly by scraping the saw teeth in the discharge process of the red beans, so that the peeling quality is improved.

The invention is further perfected that the surface of the shoveling plate facing the rotating direction is provided with rows of convex round tables which are distributed at intervals, and the convex round tables in adjacent rows are staggered. The round tables can make red bean skin and the raised round tables rub forcefully due to the dead weight and pressure of the red bean in the process that the red bean is picked up, so that the red bean skin is loosened and is easier to fall off. The column spacing of the adjacent convex round tables is 3-5 times of the average particle size of the red beans. Therefore, the red beans can be effectively prevented from being blocked by clamping stagnation between the round tables in the process of lifting the red beans, so that the situation that peeling is difficult to occur due to collision and friction of the round tables in the process of lifting the red beans is avoided.

The invention is further perfected that the convex round tables are alternately changed according to the rule that one row of the convex round tables are distributed at intervals and the next row of the convex round tables are distributed at intervals, the size of each of the convex round tables is 3-5 times of the average particle size of red beans, and the size of each of the convex round tables is 1.5-2.5 times of the average particle size of the red beans. Therefore, when the red beans are lifted by the shoveling plate, the red beans are basically bump-moved in the column direction and pass between the thinning intervals and the dense intervals, and as the convex circular tables distributed in the thinning intervals are staggered, the red beans are bound to strike the convex circular tables for multiple times in the turning process, repeated friction with the shoveling plate circular tables occurs, and the red bean peel which is in clearance with the bean embryo is further facilitated to be loosened and shed under multiple striking with the boss, so that the red bean peeling is further facilitated.

The peeling method adopting the red bean peeling device comprises the following steps:

firstly, humidifying red beans by using 3+/-0.5% sodium chloride brine until the water content is 11.5+/-0.5%;

secondly, freezing the red beans subjected to the humidity regulation in an environment of-15+/-2 ℃ for at least 5 hours;

thirdly, placing the frozen red beans in a microwave environment for intermittent heating, and turning over for 10-15s after the red beans are heated to 50+/-2 ℃ for 1-1.2min for the first time; heating to 50+ -2deg.C for 2-2.2min;

fourthly, putting the red beans after intermittent heating into red bean peeling equipment, starting up and running for 25-30 minutes, and stopping the machine.

Drawings

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the drum assembly in the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a left side view of fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the partial screen deployment of fig. 3 in an enlarged configuration.

Fig. 5 is a left side view of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the handsheet in the embodiment of fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the bottom enlarged structure of fig. 6.

Description of the embodiments

Examples

As shown in fig. 1, the red bean dry peeling apparatus of this embodiment supports a rotatable drum 5 located in a case 4 and a grinding wheel roller 6 located in the drum 5 in a direction opposite to the drum above a frame 12. The two sides of the lower part of the box body 4 are respectively provided with a driving chain wheel 17 and a driven chain wheel 13 which are driven by a roller motor 14 through a coupling transmission mechanism, the roller 5 is fixedly connected with a large chain wheel 16 coaxially, the large chain wheel 16 is meshed with a transmission chain 8 which is surrounded between the driving chain wheel 17 and the driven chain wheel 13, and the large chain wheel 16 is fixedly connected with the peeling roller 5.

The top of the box body 4 is provided with a top cover 7, one side of the box body is provided with a grinding wheel roller motor 9 for driving the grinding wheel roller 6 through belt transmission, and the other side of the box body is provided with a dust exhaust fan 2 with an air outlet 19, wherein an air inlet of the dust exhaust fan is communicated with the box body 4 through an exhaust pipe 3. The lower part of the box body 4 is provided with a funnel 18 with a discharge hole 15. The discharge port 15 is located above the feed end of the screen 10, and the discharge end of the screen 10 receives the receiving hopper 11. In the figure, 1 is an electric control cabinet.

The concrete structure of the drum 5 is shown in fig. 2 and 3, the drum is cylindrical as a whole, the peripheral wall 5-3 with a openable cover opening 5-1 is in a screen shape, three groups of shovels 5-2 which incline forward in the rotating direction are uniformly distributed in the peripheral wall 5-3 at intervals, each group of shovels 5-2 is provided with three shovels 5-2 which are distributed at intervals, the central angle clamped by the root parts of the adjacent shovels 5-2 is 20 degrees, and the included angle of the extending direction of each shovels 5-2 and the connecting line of the root parts thereof is 35 degrees.

The specific structure of the expanded view of the screen is shown in fig. 4 and 5, and each row of circumferentially extending oblong holes 5-a are axially distributed at intervals to form a mesh lattice. The long side of the oblong hole 5-a is in a zigzag shape. The geometric centers of the oblong holes 5-a of the adjacent columns are staggered, rolling pins 5-b which extend towards the inner side of the peripheral wall and are provided with arc-shaped blade edges 5-c are circumferentially distributed at intervals between the oblong holes of the adjacent columns, the extending direction of the rolling pins 5-b is basically vertical to the extending direction of the shoveling plate 5-2, and the plane where the arc-shaped blade edges 5-c are located is tangential and vertical to the peripheral wall by 5-3.

The specific structure of the shoveling plate 5-2 is shown in fig. 6 and 7, and the surface of the shoveling plate facing the rotation direction is provided with rows (the row direction is the axial direction) of convex round platforms 5-e which are distributed at intervals. The column spacing d=15 mm of adjacent raised bosses is about 4 times the average red bean particle size. The spacing between the convex round platforms 5-e in adjacent columns is alternately changed in a thinning way, the size s1 of the thinning way is equal to the spacing between the columns, and is also about 4 times of the average particle size of red beans, and the size s2 of the thinning way is about 2 times of the average particle size of the red beans and is 7mm.

When the red beans are peeled, the following pretreatment is carried out: firstly, carrying out humidity control treatment on red beans by using 3% sodium chloride brine to reach a water content of 11.5%; secondly, freezing the red beans subjected to the humidity control treatment in an environment of-15 ℃ for at least 5 hours; thirdly, placing the frozen red beans in a microwave environment for intermittent heating, and turning over for 10s after the red beans are heated to 50 ℃ for the first time and kept at the temperature for 1 min; heating to 50deg.C for the second time, and maintaining the temperature for 2min; the purpose of the second heating is to quickly vaporize the water vapor after the first heating, so that the red bean skin can be slightly exploded and loosened to separate from the bean embryo.

And then, the fourth step is carried out, the red beans after intermittent heating are put into red bean peeling equipment, and the operation is started for 25-30 minutes. Specifically, the top cover is opened, red beans to be peeled are put into the roller, after the top cover and the top cover are closed, the roller motor and the fan are started, the red beans are rolled in the roller for about 5 minutes, the red bean red skin is primarily destroyed by the roller pin, the grinding wheel roller motor is started again, the red beans and the grinding roller are ground and cut and peeled simultaneously, the fan sucks the peeled beans Pi Suixie in time, and the machine is stopped for discharging after about 25 minutes.

In the process, the pretreatment can lead the red bean cortex to generate gaps with the bean embryo and even peel off, and the red bean cortex and the bean embryo are loosened preliminarily. Then the red bean is sent into a peeling machine to be turned over at a high speed and polished at a low speed, the rotating speed of a roller is controlled to be about 1000r/min, and the reverse rotating speed of a grinding wheel roller is about 20r/min, so that the red bean is enabled to be turned over and polished uniformly, and the red bean and a roller pin are enabled to be cut and peeled continuously. The dense and sparse spacing bosses on the shoveling plate can effectively ensure that red beans are shoveled up in the radial direction, complete friction process of the bean skin and the bosses is completed, the bean skin is further loosened by friction, the peeling is more thorough, and meanwhile, the proper spacing ensures that the red beans are not detained and blocked in the peeling process. The unique needle roller structure ensures that red beans can be 'crashed' on the cutting edge of the needle roller in the process of making the plate, so that the cutting edge is inserted between the bean skin and the bean embryo with high probability, and the loosened bean skin is pried, so that the bean skin is effectively fallen. In addition, the sawtooth edge of the oblong hole enables the bean skin which cannot be timely removed by the needle roller in the peeling process to be scraped further through the sawtooth during discharging, and the bean skin can be thoroughly separated.

In a word, this embodiment combines through technology and equipment innovation, soaks red bean with the dilute brine of certain concentration first, and then makes red bean skin break away from the embryo of beans through the hot steam that the quick heating of microwave produced, and is not hard up each other, destroys the cohesion of red bean and embryo of beans before peeling, then uses equipment to take off red bean skin evenly. Experiments show that the peeling time can be shortened by more than 30%, the peeling qualification rate can be improved by more than 40%, the beneficial effects are very remarkable, a large amount of soaking in water is avoided, and the peeling qualification rate is ensured.

In addition to the embodiments described above, other embodiments of the invention are possible. All technical schemes formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation fall within the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a red bean peeling equipment, includes the rotatable cylinder of supporting in the frame and is arranged in the cylinder and revolves to the emery wheel roller opposite with the cylinder, the interval equipartition has the copy board that leans forward towards the direction of rotation in the week wall of cylinder, the week wall has the circumference that forms the mesh and extends the slotted hole, the slotted hole is arranged in a row along circumference interval distribution, each row of slotted hole axial interval distribution constitutes lattice distribution, its characterized in that:

the rolling pins with arc edges extending into the peripheral wall are circumferentially distributed at intervals between the oblong holes in the adjacent rows, the extending direction of the rolling pins is basically vertical to the extending direction of the adjacent shoveling plates, and the plane where the arc edges are located is tangential vertical to the peripheral wall.

2. The red bean peeling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the long side of the oblong hole is in a zigzag shape.

3. The red bean peeling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the surface of the shoveling plate facing the rotation direction is provided with rows of raised round tables which are distributed at intervals, the row spacing of the raised round tables is 3-5 times of the average particle size of red beans, and the raised round tables in adjacent rows are staggered.

4. A red bean peeling apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the convex round tables are alternately distributed according to the rule that one row of the convex round tables are distributed at intervals and the next row of the convex round tables are distributed at intervals, the size of each interval is 3-5 times of the average particle size of red beans, and the size of each interval is 1.5-2.5 times of the average particle size of the red beans.

5. The red bean peeling apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the geometric centers of the oblong holes of adjacent columns are staggered.

6. The red bean peeling apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: a rotatable roller positioned in the box body and a grinding wheel roller positioned in the roller are supported above the frame; the rotating speed of the roller is 1000+/-50 r/min, and the reverse rotating speed of the grinding wheel roller is 20+/-2 r/min.

7. A peeling method using the red bean peeling apparatus of claim 6, comprising the steps of:

fourthly, placing the red beans after intermittent heating into red bean peeling equipment, starting a roller motor and a fan to enable the red beans to roll in the roller for 5min, primarily destroying red bean skin by using a roller pin, starting a grinding wheel roller motor to enable the red beans and the grinding wheel roller to be ground and cut and peeled together with the roller pin, starting the machine to run for 25-30 min, and stopping the machine.