CN114868597B - Planting method for interplanting edible mushrooms in tea garden - Google Patents
Planting method for interplanting edible mushrooms in tea garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN114868597B CN114868597B CN202210589995.4A CN202210589995A CN114868597B CN 114868597 B CN114868597 B CN 114868597B CN 202210589995 A CN202210589995 A CN 202210589995A CN 114868597 B CN114868597 B CN 114868597B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of interplanting and planting, in particular to a planting method for interplanting edible mushrooms in tea gardens, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing a culture medium; s2, inoculating edible fungi: sterilizing the material bag under ultraviolet rays for 30-40 minutes, inoculating edible fungus strain into the material bag, placing the material bag inoculated with the strain into a constant temperature incubator for culturing in darkness at a constant temperature of 23 ℃, and obtaining a fungus bag after hypha grows to be full of the material bag; s3, interplanting edible fungi: digging an edible fungus cultivation bed, removing bags from the edible fungus cultivation bed, placing the bags on the cultivation bed, filling gaps with the treated wet fine soil, covering the surfaces of the bags, covering soil with water, paving modified biochar, covering with straw, and finally applying the bags after the growth of the edible fungus in a garden as fertilizer. Compared with the prior art, the ecological production system of the tea garden is changed, the planting cost of the edible fungi is saved, the yields of the edible fungi and the tea trees can be improved, and the income of the tea garden is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of interplanting planting, in particular to a planting method for interplanting edible fungi in a tea garden.
Background
With the intensive research and practice of ecological agriculture, the construction and development of ecological tea gardens are driven and promoted. At present, the established ecological tea garden modes through research and practice mainly comprise the following three types: 1. three-dimensional structure type, tea-forest-fruit mode; 2. food chain type, tea-pasture (poultry) -biogas mode; 3. three-dimensional food chain comprehensive type tea-forest (fruit) -pasture (poultry) -biogas mode. Practice proves that the three-dimensional composite ecological tea garden has the advantages of optimizing ecological environment, improving physical and chemical properties of soil and improving economic benefit.
The edible fungi grow in white or light mycelium at places with rich organic matters, and form fruiting bodies under proper conditions, so that the edible fungi become good food for human beings. Edible mushrooms are interplanted in the tea garden, the requirements of the growth and development of tea trees on nutrients are continuously met to a certain extent, the organic ecological tea garden is positively pushed and promoted to be constructed and developed, and more importantly, the edible mushrooms are mainly produced in the system while bearing the functions of decomposers in the system, and the economic benefit of the tea garden is positively improved by the characteristic of high added value.
Therefore, we propose a planting method for interplanting edible fungi in tea gardens to solve the problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a planting method for interplanting edible fungi in a tea garden.
A planting method for interplanting edible mushrooms in tea gardens comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a culture medium:
the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of miscellaneous wood dust, 20-30 parts of bran, 0.5-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-3 parts of plant ash, 0.5-2 parts of gypsum, 1-2 parts of lime and 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate;
preparation of the culture medium:
firstly mixing and soaking miscellaneous wood dust and bran in water, then dissolving lime, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, plant ash, gypsum and monocalcium phosphate in water, then mixing all materials, uniformly stirring to control the water content of a culture medium to 55-60%, then placing the mixture in an environment of 20-25 ℃ for fermentation, turning piles once every day, ensuring the water content of the mixture to be 60-65% during each turning pile, continuously fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain a bacterial culture material, then filling the bacterial culture material into a 15-60 cm culture bag, sterilizing, and cooling to obtain a material bag;
s2, inoculating edible fungi:
sterilizing the material bag under ultraviolet rays for 30-40 minutes, inoculating edible fungus strain into the material bag, placing the material bag inoculated with the strain into a constant temperature incubator for culturing in darkness at a constant temperature of 23 ℃, and obtaining a fungus bag after hypha grows to be full of the material bag;
s3, interplanting edible fungi:
digging edible fungus cultivation beds with the depth of 20cm and the width of 40-50cm outwards from 13-15cm of tea tree trunks on the back yin side of the same tea row in a tea garden, wherein the length is determined according to practical conditions, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated in a room until mycelia are full of bags on the cultivation beds after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated moist fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags, covering the soil by 3cm, pouring water on the covering soil, laying modified biochar by 1-2cm, covering straw by 2-3cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the edible fungus growth in the garden as fertilizer.
Preferably, the edible fungus is one of Morchella and Dictyophora rubrovalvata.
Preferably, the sterilization conditions in S1 are: sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure of 0.12-0.15MPa and 120-130deg.C for 60-75 min.
Preferably, the preparation method of the modified biochar in the step S3 comprises the following steps:
crushing cotton straw, calcining, cooling and grinding to obtain biochar;
and step two, mixing the biochar with the iron-containing substances, adding distilled water for dissolution, evaporating to dryness in a water bath kettle at the temperature of 76-80 ℃, and drying to constant weight to obtain the modified biochar.
Preferably, the calcination temperature is 470-500 ℃, the calcination time is 4-5 hours, and the calcination is performed through a sieve with 0.15-0.17mm during grinding.
Preferably, the pH of the modified biochar is weakly basic.
Preferably, the iron-containing material is FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, the modified biochar is paved above the edible fungi interplanting process, so that the original alkaline biochar is converted into alkalescence, thereby being more beneficial to the survival of microorganisms in soil, better promoting the growth of edible fungi and tea trees and improving the yield of the edible fungi and tea trees.
2. In the invention, the production system of the secondary material flow, energy flow and information flow of the producer (tea tree) -soil of the original tea garden is changed, and an ecological production system of the tertiary material circulation, energy flow and information flow of the producer (tea tree) -consumer (edible fungi and producer) is formed.
3. The invention reasonably utilizes land resources, and interplants edible fungi in the tea garden, thereby saving the planting cost of the edible fungi and increasing the income of the tea garden.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below in connection with specific embodiments.
Example 1:
a planting method for interplanting edible mushrooms in tea gardens comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a culture medium:
the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70 parts of miscellaneous wood dust, 20 parts of bran, 0.5 part of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of plant ash, 0.5 part of gypsum, 1 part of lime and 1 part of calcium dihydrogen phosphate;
preparation of the culture medium:
firstly mixing and soaking miscellaneous wood dust and bran in water, then dissolving lime, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, plant ash, gypsum and monocalcium phosphate in water, then mixing all materials, uniformly stirring to control the water content of a culture medium to be 60%, then placing the mixture in a 25 ℃ environment for fermentation, turning piles once every day, ensuring the water content of the mixture to be 60% during each turning pile, continuously fermenting for 6 days to obtain a fungus culture material, then placing the fungus culture material into a culture bag of 15-60 cm, sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure of 0.15MPa and 120 ℃ for 60 minutes, and cooling to obtain a material bag;
s2, inoculating edible fungi:
sterilizing the material bag under ultraviolet rays for 30 minutes, inoculating Morchella esculenta which is an edible fungus strain into the material bag, placing the material bag inoculated with the strain into a constant temperature incubator for culturing in the dark at a constant temperature of 23 ℃, and obtaining the fungus bag after hypha grows to be full of the material bag;
s3, interplanting edible fungi:
and excavating edible fungus cultivation beds with the depth of 20cm, the width of 50cm and the length of 40cm outwards from a position 15cm away from a trunk of a tea tree on the back and the negative side of the same tea line in a tea garden, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated to mycelium full bags in a room on the cultivation beds after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated wet fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags at a distance of 3cm, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring enough water on the covering soil, laying 1cm thick modified biochar, then adding straw with the thickness of 2cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the growth of the edible fungi in the garden as fertilizer.
Example 2:
a planting method for interplanting edible mushrooms in tea gardens comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a culture medium:
the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of miscellaneous wood dust, 25 parts of bran, 1.0 part of monopotassium phosphate, 1.5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 2 parts of plant ash, 1.5 parts of gypsum, 1.5 parts of lime and 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate;
preparation of the culture medium:
firstly mixing and soaking miscellaneous wood dust and bran in water, then dissolving lime, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, plant ash, gypsum and monocalcium phosphate in water, then mixing all materials, uniformly stirring to control the water content of a culture medium to be 60%, then placing the mixture in a 25 ℃ environment for fermentation, turning piles once every day, ensuring the water content of the mixture to be 60% during each turning pile, continuously fermenting for 6 days to obtain a fungus culture material, then placing the fungus culture material into a culture bag of 15-60 cm, sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure of 0.15MPa and 120 ℃ for 60 minutes, and cooling to obtain a material bag;
s2, inoculating edible fungi:
sterilizing the material bag under ultraviolet rays for 30 minutes, inoculating Morchella esculenta which is an edible fungus strain into the material bag, placing the material bag inoculated with the strain into a constant temperature incubator for culturing in the dark at a constant temperature of 23 ℃, and obtaining the fungus bag after hypha grows to be full of the material bag;
s3, interplanting edible fungi:
and excavating edible fungus cultivation beds with the depth of 20cm, the width of 50cm and the length of 40cm outwards from a position 15cm away from a trunk of a tea tree on the back and the negative side of the same tea line in a tea garden, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated to mycelium full bags in a room on the cultivation beds after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated wet fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags at a distance of 3cm, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring enough water on the covering soil, laying 1cm thick modified biochar, then adding straw with the thickness of 2cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the growth of the edible fungi in the garden as fertilizer.
Example 3;
a planting method for interplanting edible mushrooms in tea gardens comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing a culture medium:
the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of miscellaneous wood dust, 30 parts of bran, 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of plant ash, 2 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of lime and 2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate;
preparation of the culture medium:
firstly mixing and soaking miscellaneous wood dust and bran in water, then dissolving lime, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, plant ash, gypsum and monocalcium phosphate in water, then mixing all materials, uniformly stirring to control the water content of a culture medium to be 60%, then placing the mixture in a 25 ℃ environment for fermentation, turning piles once every day, ensuring the water content of the mixture to be 60% during each turning pile, continuously fermenting for 6 days to obtain a fungus culture material, then placing the fungus culture material into a culture bag of 15-60 cm, sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure of 0.15MPa and 120 ℃ for 60 minutes, and cooling to obtain a material bag;
s2, inoculating edible fungi:
sterilizing the material bag under ultraviolet rays for 30 minutes, inoculating Morchella esculenta which is an edible fungus strain into the material bag, placing the material bag inoculated with the strain into a constant temperature incubator for culturing in the dark at a constant temperature of 23 ℃, and obtaining the fungus bag after hypha grows to be full of the material bag;
s3, interplanting edible fungi:
and excavating edible fungus cultivation beds with the depth of 20cm, the width of 50cm and the length of 40cm outwards from a position 15cm away from a trunk of a tea tree on the back and the negative side of the same tea line in a tea garden, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated to mycelium full bags in a room on the cultivation beds after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated wet fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags at a distance of 3cm, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring enough water on the covering soil, laying 1cm thick modified biochar, then adding straw with the thickness of 2cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the growth of the edible fungi in the garden as fertilizer.
In the above examples 1 to 3, the modified biochar was prepared as follows:
crushing cotton straw, calcining at 470 ℃ for 4 hours, cooling, grinding, and sieving with a 0.16mm sieve to obtain biochar;
step two, biochar and FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O is mixed and added with 40mL of distilled water for dissolution, and the biochar and FeCl are added 3 ·6H 2 And (3) evaporating the mixture to dryness in a water bath kettle at 76-80 ℃ in a mass ratio of O to distilled water of 35:20:4, and drying the mixture to constant weight to obtain the modified biochar with the pH value of 7.5.
Comparative example 1: in comparison with example 1, the S3 procedure is changed to "
And excavating edible fungus cultivation beds with the depth of 20cm, the width of 50cm and the length of 40cm outwards from a position 15cm away from a trunk of a tea tree on the back and the negative side of the same tea line in a tea garden, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated to mycelium full bags in a room on the cultivation beds after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated wet fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags at intervals of 3cm, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring water on the covering soil, laying cotton straw with the thickness of 1cm, covering straw with the thickness of 2cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the edible fungus growth in the garden as fertilizer. "
Comparative example 2: in comparison with example 2, the difference is that the S3 process is changed to "
And excavating edible fungus cultivation beds with the depth of 20cm, the width of 50cm and the length of 40cm outwards from a position 15cm away from a trunk of a tea tree on the back and the negative side of the same tea line in a tea garden, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated to mycelium full bags in a room on the cultivation beds after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated wet fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags at intervals of 3cm, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring water on the covering soil, laying cotton straw with the thickness of 1cm, covering straw with the thickness of 2cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the edible fungus growth in the garden as fertilizer. "
Comparative example 3: the difference compared with example 3 is that the S3 process is changed to "
And excavating edible fungus cultivation beds with the depth of 20cm, the width of 50cm and the length of 40cm outwards from a position 15cm away from a trunk of a tea tree on the back and the negative side of the same tea line in a tea garden, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated to mycelium full bags in a room on the cultivation beds after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated wet fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags at intervals of 3cm, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring water on the covering soil, laying cotton straw with the thickness of 1cm, covering straw with the thickness of 2cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the edible fungus growth in the garden as fertilizer. "
Reference example 1: in comparison with example 1, the S3 procedure is changed to "
And excavating an edible fungus cultivation bed with the depth of 20cm, the width of 50cm and the length of 40cm outwards from a position 15cm away from a trunk of a tea tree on the back-yin side of the same tea line in a tea garden, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated to mycelium full bags in a room on the cultivation bed after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated wet fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags at a distance of 3cm, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring enough water on the covering soil, then adding straw with the thickness of 2cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the growth of the edible fungi in the garden as fertilizer. "
Reference example 2: in comparison with example 2, the difference is that the S3 process is changed to "
And excavating an edible fungus cultivation bed with the depth of 20cm, the width of 50cm and the length of 40cm outwards from a position 15cm away from a trunk of a tea tree on the back-yin side of the same tea line in a tea garden, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated to mycelium full bags in a room on the cultivation bed after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated wet fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags at a distance of 3cm, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring enough water on the covering soil, then adding straw with the thickness of 2cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the growth of the edible fungi in the garden as fertilizer. "
Reference example 3: the difference compared with example 3 is that the S3 process is changed to "
And excavating an edible fungus cultivation bed with the depth of 20cm, the width of 50cm and the length of 40cm outwards from a position 15cm away from a trunk of a tea tree on the back-yin side of the same tea line in a tea garden, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated to mycelium full bags in a room on the cultivation bed after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps with treated wet fine soil and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags at a distance of 3cm, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring enough water on the covering soil, then adding straw with the thickness of 2cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the growth of the edible fungi in the garden as fertilizer. "
Interplanting Morchella in the tea garden was performed according to the planting methods of examples 1-3, comparative examples 1-3 and reference examples 1-3, and after harvesting, the average yield of tea leaves per mu and the average yield of Morchella were counted and recorded in the following table:
the table contents can be seen as follows:
(1) Taking the example 1, the comparative example 1 and the reference example 1 as a first test group, after the biochar is paved, the mu yield of the tea is increased by 8.3%, the yield of the Morchella is increased by 11.3%, and after the modified biochar is paved, the mu yield of the tea is increased by 17.4%, and the yield of the Morchella is increased by 21.3%;
(2) Taking the example 2, the comparative example 2 and the reference example 2 as a second test group, after the biochar is paved, the mu yield of the tea is increased by 6.9%, the yield of the Morchella is increased by 10.3%, and after the modified biochar is paved, the mu yield of the tea is increased by 16.8%, and the yield of the Morchella is increased by 19.9%;
(3) Taking the test groups of the example 3, the comparative example 3 and the reference example 3 as test groups III, after the biochar is paved, the mu yield of the tea is increased by 9.7%, the yield of the Morchella is increased by 11.1%, and after the modified biochar is paved, the mu yield of the tea is increased by 14.6%, and the yield of the Morchella is increased by 21.6%;
therefore, the modified biochar can effectively promote the growth of edible fungi and tea trees and improve the yield of the edible fungi and tea trees.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The planting method for interplanting edible mushrooms in the tea garden is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing a culture medium:
the culture medium comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-80 parts of miscellaneous wood dust, 20-30 parts of bran, 0.5-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-3 parts of plant ash, 0.5-2 parts of gypsum, 1-2 parts of lime and 1-2 parts of monocalcium phosphate;
preparation of the culture medium:
firstly mixing and soaking miscellaneous wood dust and bran in water, then dissolving lime, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, plant ash, gypsum and monocalcium phosphate in water, then mixing all materials, uniformly stirring to control the water content of a culture medium to 55-60%, then placing the mixture in an environment of 20-25 ℃ for fermentation, turning piles once every day, ensuring the water content of the mixture to be 60-65% during each turning pile, continuously fermenting for 6-8 days to obtain a bacterial culture material, then filling the bacterial culture material into a 15-60 cm culture bag, sterilizing, and cooling to obtain a material bag;
s2, inoculating edible fungi:
sterilizing the material bag under ultraviolet rays for 30-40 minutes, inoculating edible fungus strain into the material bag, placing the material bag inoculated with the strain into a constant temperature incubator for culturing in darkness at a constant temperature of 23 ℃, and obtaining a fungus bag after hypha grows to be full of the material bag;
s3, interplanting edible fungi:
digging edible fungus cultivation beds with the depth of 20cm and the width of 40-50cm outwards from 13-15cm of tea tree trunks on the back and the side of the same tea row in a tea garden, wherein the length is determined according to practical conditions, then placing fungus bags which are cultivated in a room until mycelia are full of bags on the cultivation beds after the fungus bags are removed, filling gaps and covering the surfaces of the fungus bags with treated wet fine soil, covering the soil with the thickness of 3cm, pouring water on the covering soil, laying modified biochar with the thickness of 1-2cm, then covering straw with the thickness of 2-3cm, and finally applying the fungus bags after the edible fungus growth in the garden as fertilizer;
preparation of modified biochar:
crushing cotton straw, calcining, cooling and grinding to obtain biochar;
step two, mixing the biochar with the iron-containing substances, adding distilled water for dissolution, evaporating to dryness in a water bath kettle at 76-80 ℃, and drying to constant weight to obtain the modified biochar;
the edible fungi are Morchella;
the pH value of the modified biochar is alkalescent;
the iron-containing substance is FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O。
2. The method for interplanting edible mushrooms in a tea garden according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization conditions in S1 are: sterilizing at high temperature and high pressure of 0.12-0.15MPa and 120-130deg.C for 60-75 min.
3. The method for interplanting edible mushrooms in a tea garden according to claim 1, wherein the calcination temperature is 470-500 ℃, the calcination time is 4-5 hours, and the calcination time is 0.15-0.17mm when the calcination is ground.
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