CN114847154B - Device and method for monitoring and analyzing tidal flat mud snail movement among benthic microalgae - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring and analyzing tidal flat mud snail movement among benthic microalgae Download PDFInfo
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tidal flat mud snail movement behavior monitoring device among benthic microalgae plaques, provides a monitoring and analyzing method using the device, and relates to the technical field of tidal flat benthic animal behavior monitoring. According to the method, through an indoor simulation experiment, the benthic microalgae plaque biological concentration level and the flooded state of the environment where the mud snails are located are controlled, the movement behavior of the mud snails under the heterogeneous environment condition is accurately monitored, the linear quantization index of the mud snail movement behavior is provided, the method can be used for monitoring and analyzing the movement behavior of the tidal flat mud snails among the microalgae plaques, the movement distribution rule of the mud snails among the microalgae plaques in the heterogeneous distribution of the tidal flat space is determined, and technical support is provided for population dynamic prediction and regulation measures in the tidal flat open mud snail culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tidal flat benthonic animal behavior monitoring, in particular to a method for monitoring and analyzing the movement behavior of tidal flat mud snails among benthonic microalgae plaques.
Background
The mud snail is a licking benthonic animal which lives in a crawling way, is widely distributed on coastal tidal beaches in China, and is an important economic shellfish. With the continuous increase of the market price of the bullacta exarata in recent years, large-area artificial breeding and tidal flat stocking of the bullacta exarata have been carried out in various coastal areas, the dynamic change of the bullacta exarata population in the stocking process is mastered, and the stable and continuous development of the breeding of the bullacta exarata can be ensured. The mud snail behavior ecology is an important theoretical basis of the technical system, and the monitoring and analysis of the mud snail movement behavior can provide technical support for population dynamic prediction and regulation measures in tidal bank open mud snail cultivation.
The food composition of the bullacta exarata is simple, and mainly comprises benthic microalgae and a small amount of organic debris, so that the tidal flat benthic microalgae has important influence on the dynamic change of the bullacta exarata population. It is worth noting that benthic microalgae tidal beaches exhibit high spatial heterogeneity, and under natural environmental conditions, benthic microalgae tend to exhibit patch-like distribution. The mud snails move on the surface layer of the tidal flat and eat benthic microalgae, and behavior response can be made to the appearance and concentration change of the benthic microalgae by changing the moving speed in the moving process. In addition, under the action of tide, the tidal flat alternately shows a flooded state and an exposed state, and the change of the flooded condition can also influence the movement behavior of the mud snail.
At present, in the behavior monitoring content of the bullacta exarata, the analysis on the movement distribution behavior of the bullacta exarata in a space heterogeneous environment is lacked only aiming at the biological behaviors of the bullacta exarata such as beach burying, breeding and the like in a space homogeneous environment, and the reason is that the natural environment change of a wild tidal flat is complex, the space scale is large, the tracking and monitoring are difficult, related experiments are not suitable for being designed for accurate monitoring, the monitoring and analysis can be carried out only through indoor simulation experiments, and the bottleneck of the indoor simulation experiment method aiming at the movement behavior response of the bullacta exarata to benthonic microalgae is embodied as follows: the characteristic of spatial heterogeneity distribution of benthic microalgae on a tidal flat is difficult to restore, and the response rule of the mud snail movement speed to benthic microalgae patches with different concentrations cannot be obtained.
Therefore, how to provide a method for monitoring the movement behavior of the mud snail in the space heterogeneous benthic microalgae plaque is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field. .
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a method for monitoring and analyzing the movement behavior of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae patches, which adopts an indoor simulation experiment to control the concentration level and the flooding state of the benthic microalgae patches in the environment where the mud snails are located, accurately monitors the movement behavior of the mud snails under the heterogeneous environment condition, and provides technical support for population dynamic prediction and regulation measures in open mud snail culture of the tidal flat.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a device for monitoring the movement of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae, which comprises an experimental container with an opening at the top, wherein a plurality of benthic microalgae culture dishes distributed in a grid shape are arranged in the experimental container, the benthic microalgae culture dishes are of a hollow cylindrical structure or a prismatic structure with upper and lower openings, and the lower openings of the benthic microalgae culture dishes are inserted into silt laid on the inner bottom of the experimental container;
the top of experiment container still is provided with one and shoots the equipment, and this shooting equipment is just to the open-top of experiment container, and the frame of finding a view contains the whole open area of experiment container at least.
According to a further preferable technical scheme, the benthic microalgae culture dish is of a regular quadrangular prism structure.
Preferably, the lateral surface of one side of the experimental container is provided with an inverted L-shaped support rod, the bottom of the support rod is arranged on the lateral surface of the experimental container, and the top of the support rod is arranged above the experimental container and used for hanging shooting equipment.
Preferably, the shooting equipment is a camera connected with a computer.
The invention discloses a method for monitoring and analyzing the movement of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae by using the monitoring device, which comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting silt, benthic microalgae and mud snail samples, pretreating and storing for later use;
s2, adding the silt processed in the step S1 into an experimental container, inserting the experimental container into benthic microalgae culture dishes, adding different proportions of benthic microalgae and filtered seawater into each benthic microalgae culture dish, and culturing the benthic microalgae; after the cultivation is finished, taking out all benthic microalgae culture dishes, and forming a plurality of benthic microalgae patches with different concentrations on the silt paved in the experimental container;
s3, installing shooting equipment; adding filtered seawater into the experimental container with the built plaque, and simulating a flooding condition or a non-flooding condition;
s4, placing the mud snails obtained in the step S1 between benthic microalgae plaques with different concentrations in an experimental container, and ensuring that the distances between the mud snails and two adjacent plaques are consistent; setting a shooting interval of shooting equipment, starting to acquire mud snail movement behavior data, stopping tracking each mud snail after each mud snail moves to the edge of a container or stops on the wall of the container, and finishing tracking all mud snails;
s5, obtaining the moving speed of the mud snails when the mud snails pass through the water level inhabiting microalgae patches with different concentrations and under different flooding conditions, measuring the concentration of the inhabiting microalgae in each patch, and fitting a curve to obtain a quantitative result.
Preferably, in step S1, the method for collecting and pretreating silt specifically comprises:
collecting a tidal flat surface silt sample, wherein the collection depth is determined according to the vertical layering condition of silt in a collection area; freezing at-20 deg.C for 48 hr in laboratory to remove living benthos; after the frozen sediment is frozen, unfreezing the frozen sediment at room temperature for 24 hours, then filtering out particles with the particle size larger than 5mm by using a filter screen, and keeping the treated sediment for later use;
the method for collecting and pretreating benthic microalgae specifically comprises the following steps:
scraping a tidal flat surface brown sediment sample, wherein the scraping thickness is determined according to the vertical distribution condition of benthic microalgae in a collection area; adding the scraped sample into a container filled with filtered seawater, filtering for 2 times by using 300-mesh bolting silk, obtaining benthic microalgae solution after filtering, pouring the benthic microalgae solution into a culture container paved with treated silt with the thickness of 2cm, and standing for 24 hours; flushing the container with filtered seawater, replacing fresh filtered seawater for continuous culture when the benthic microalgae in the container do not fall off, placing the culture container in a climate chamber under LED (light-emitting diode) light, periodically replacing the filtered seawater, and flushing away dirt and harmful organisms attached to the culture container when water is replaced;
the method for collecting and pretreating the bullacta comprises the following steps:
collecting a sediment sample on the surface layer of the beach, wherein the collection depth is determined according to the vertical distribution condition of the bullacta; primarily cleaning the collecting site by using seawater, and filtering by using a 5mm filter screen to remove silt and other benthos to obtain a mud snail sample; the cleaned mud snails are brought back to a laboratory and placed in a container, treated silt with the thickness of 2cm is paved at the bottom of the container and fed by benthic microalgae solution, filtered seawater is introduced into the container, an oxygen making device is placed to ensure the survival of the mud snails, the filtered seawater is replaced every 24 hours, and meanwhile, a proper amount of microalgae solution is added.
Preferably, the conditions for culturing the benthic microalgae in the benthic microalgae culture dish of step S2 are as follows: the test vessels were placed in a climatic chamber and incubated at 15 ℃ for 48 hours under LED light.
Preferably, at least two experimental containers are prepared in the step S2, and each experimental container cultures the same benthic microalgae plaque; respectively adding filtered seawater in the step S3, and simulating a flooding condition or an unsubmerged condition, wherein the filtered seawater which exceeds the surface of the sediment by 1.3-1.8 cm is added into the experimental container which is constructed by the plaque to be the simulated flooding condition; and adding filtered seawater into the experimental container until the sediment in the experimental container is wet and no water is accumulated in the experimental container to simulate the non-flooded condition.
Preferably, before step S4, the bullacta exarata is put into an experimental container in which benthic microalgae are not cultured to adapt for 1 day, and treated silt is laid in the container, and is not fed in the period.
Preferably, the moving speed of the mud snails when the mud snails float through the microalgae plaques submerged in water with different concentrations and under different flooding conditions is obtained through ImageJ analysis in step S5.
Has the beneficial effects that: (1) According to the monitoring device and the method for monitoring and analyzing the movement of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae, the concentration level and the flooding state of benthic microalgae patches in the environment where the mud snails are located can be controlled through an indoor simulation experiment, and the movement behavior of the mud snails under the heterogeneous environment condition can be accurately monitored; linear quantitative indexes of the mud snail movement behaviors are provided, and the method can be used for monitoring and analyzing the movement behaviors of the tidal flat mud snails among microalgae plaques; meanwhile, the movement distribution rule of mud snails among microalgae patches in the tidal flat space heterogeneous distribution is determined, and technical support is provided for population dynamic prediction and regulation measures in tidal flat open mud snail culture.
(2) The invention provides a method for monitoring and analyzing the movement behavior of tidal flat mud snails among microalgae patches, which obtains the movement speed change of the mud snails in benthic microalgae patches with different concentrations under different flooding conditions, and determines the linear correlation relationship between the movement speed of the mud snails and the benthic concentrations under different flooding conditions. Therefore, the method can be applied to monitoring and analyzing the movement behavior of the mud snails in the tidal flat among the microalgae plaques and determining the movement distribution rule of the mud snails among the microalgae plaques which are heterogeneously distributed in the tidal flat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a monitoring device for acquiring mud snail movement behavior data according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an experimental vessel for culturing benthic microalgae plaques according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the result of the fitting relationship between the mud snail movement speed and the benthic microalgae concentration under the flooding condition in the example;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the result of the fitting relationship between the mud snail movement speed and the benthic microalgae concentration under the flooding-free condition in the example.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.
Example (b): a tidal flat mud snail movement monitoring device among benthic microalgae comprises an experimental container 1 with an opening at the top, wherein a plurality of benthic microalgae culture dishes 2 distributed in a grid shape are arranged in the experimental container 1, the benthic microalgae culture dishes 2 are of a hollow regular quadrangular prism structure with upper and lower openings, and the lower opening of each benthic microalgae culture dish 2 is inserted into silt paved at the inner bottom of the experimental container 1;
the side of one side of the experimental container 1 is provided with a support rod 3 in an inverted L shape, the bottom of the support rod 3 is arranged on the side of the experimental container 1, the top of the support rod 3 is arranged above the experimental container 1 and used for hanging a shooting device 4, and the shooting device 4 is a camera connected with a computer.
In the embodiment, the benthic mud snails in the tidal flat and the wet land of the yellow river mouth are taken as an example, and a method for monitoring and analyzing the movement behavior of the tidal flat mud snails among the benthic microalgae is implemented.
The method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting silt, benthic microalgae and mud snail samples, and pretreating:
collecting a 10cm sediment sample on the surface layer of a tidal flat in a east-Shandong yellow river estuary tidal flat wetland of Shandong, and transporting the collected sediment sample to a laboratory; freezing at-20 deg.C for 48 hr to remove viable benthos from the sample; and after the freezing, unfreezing at the natural room temperature for 24 hours, removing coarse particles in the sediment by using a 5mm filter screen, and using the treated sediment sample for subsequent benthic microalgae culture and simulation test.
Scraping a brown sediment sample within 1cm of the surface layer of the mudflat and bringing the sample back to a laboratory; adding filtered seawater into the container, filtering with 300 mesh bolting silk for 2 times, pouring the filtered benthic microalgae solution into a culture container (diameter 12 cm) paved with 2cm thick processed silt, standing for 24 hours; the container is lightly washed by the filtered seawater, fresh filtered seawater can be replaced for continuous culture when the benthic microalgae in the container do not fall off, the culture container is placed under LED (light-emitting diode) light in a climate chamber, the daily illumination time is 12 hours in the culture process, the filtered seawater is replaced every 48 hours, and dirt and other harmful organisms attached to the culture container are washed away when water is replaced.
Collecting a sediment sample with the thickness of 5cm on the surface layer of the beach; primarily cleaning the collection site by using seawater, and filtering by using a 5mm filter screen to remove silt and other benthos; the cleaned mud snail is brought back to a laboratory and placed in a glass container of 40cm multiplied by 30cm multiplied by 40cm, the bottom of the container is provided with filtered silt with the thickness of 2cm, the mud snail is fed with benthic microalgae solution, seawater is filtered, an oxygen making device is placed to ensure the survival of the mud snail, the seawater is filtered once every 24 hours, and simultaneously, a proper amount of microalgae solution is added.
S2, preparing 2 rectangular containers with the size of 35cm multiplied by 22 cm; the container is paved with 2cm thick treated silt, as shown in figure 2, 12 small cubes with base area of 2cm multiplied by 2cm are evenly placed in the container, the placing depth is not too deep, but the solution poured into the small cubes is ensured not to seep out; different benthic microalgae concentration patches are obtained by pouring different proportions of benthic microalgae solution (DS for short) and filtered seawater (SW for short) into each cube and culturing. Totally laying 5 plaques with benthic microalgae concentration levels, and pouring the following components into the cubes respectively: 8ml DS (A), 4ml DS and 4ml SW (B), 2ml DS and 6ml SW (C), 1ml DS and 7ml SW (D), three cubes per column, thus each concentration was repeated 3 times; no culture treatment is carried out on sediment outside the square, and the concentration level of the sediment is a background value, so that 5 groups of different benthic microalgae concentration levels are obtained. And then, placing the container in a climate chamber under LED lamp light, culturing for 48 hours at 15 ℃, and taking away the grids after the culture is finished to obtain benthic microalgae patches with different concentrations as shown in figure 1.
S3, hanging a camera (Logitech quick cam 9000Pro webcam) connected with a computer at a position about 50cm above the center of the container, and adjusting the focal length to enable the camera to shoot the whole container range; adding filtered seawater with the water depth of about 1.5cm into the container with the built plaque, and simulating the flooding condition; for the condition of no flooding, adding proper amount of filtered seawater until the silt in the container is wet and ensuring no water accumulation in the container, and carrying out 4 times of repeated experiments under different flooding conditions.
S4, putting the bullacta exarata into an experimental rectangular container which is not cultured with microalgae to adapt for 1 day, laying treated silt with the thickness of 2cm in the container, and not feeding during the adaptation period.
S5, uniformly placing 31 bullacta exarata in the container among benthic microalgae patches with different concentration levels, and ensuring that the distances between the bullacta exarata and the patches of different types are not obviously different; the camera was set to take every 10 seconds for 3 hours per trial.
Each set of test setup was repeated 4 times, thus tracking the movement trajectory of 248 total mudsnails, and stopping tracking the mudsnails when the mudsnails move to the edge of the container or stop on the container wall; all tracing is completed.
S6, statistically analyzing the moving speed of the bullacta exarata in benthic microalgae patches with different concentrations under the flooding and non-flooding conditions, and fitting a curve to obtain a quantitative result:
1) The individual moving speed of the bullacta exarata is influenced by the concentration of benthic microalgae and flooding conditions: under different flooding conditions, the individual moving speed of the mud snails is reduced along with the increase of the concentration of the benthic microalgae, and the individual moving speed of the mud snails under the flooding condition is obviously higher than that under the non-flooding condition;
2) Under different flooding conditions, the moving speed of the mud snails is reduced along with the increase of benthic concentration, and the mud snails present a linear correlation relationship: v (D) = aD + b, as shown in FIG. 3, where a is under flooded conditions 1 ＝-0.0945，b 1 =0.142; as shown in FIG. 4, a under non-flooding conditions 2 ＝-0.0339，b 2 ＝0.0336。
Comprehensive data show that the method for monitoring and analyzing the movement behavior of the tidal flat mud snails among the microalgae patches obtains the movement speed change of the mud snails in the benthic microalgae patches with different concentrations under different flooding conditions, and determines the linear correlation relationship between the movement speed of the mud snails and the benthic concentrations under different flooding conditions. Therefore, the method can be applied to monitoring and analyzing the movement behavior of the mud snails at the tidal flat among the microalgae plaques and determining the movement distribution rule of the mud snails among the microalgae plaques in heterogeneous distribution at the tidal flat.
As noted above, while the present invention has been shown and described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is not to be construed as limited to the invention itself. Various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A tidal flat mud snail movement monitoring and analyzing method among benthic microalgae is characterized in that the monitoring and analyzing method is carried out by utilizing a monitoring device for the tidal flat mud snail movement among benthic microalgae, the monitoring device comprises an experimental container with an opening at the top, a plurality of benthic microalgae culture dishes which are distributed in a grid shape are arranged in the experimental container, the benthic microalgae culture dishes are in a hollow cylindrical structure or a prismatic structure with openings at the upper and lower parts, and the lower openings of the benthic microalgae culture dishes are inserted into silt paved on the inner bottom of the experimental container;
a shooting device is arranged above the experiment container, the shooting device is over against the top opening of the experiment container, and the viewing frame at least comprises all opening areas of the experiment container;
the monitoring and analyzing method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting silt, benthic microalgae and mud snail samples, pretreating and storing for later use;
the silt collecting and pretreating method specifically comprises the following steps:
collecting a silt sample of silt on the surface layer of the tidal flat, wherein the collection depth is determined according to the vertical layering condition of the silt in the collection area; freezing at-20 deg.C for 48 hr in laboratory to remove living benthic organisms; after the frozen sediment is frozen, unfreezing the frozen sediment at room temperature for 24 hours, then filtering out particles with the particle size larger than 5mm by using a filter screen, and keeping the treated sediment for later use;
the method for collecting and pretreating benthic microalgae comprises the following steps:
scraping brown sediment samples on the surface layer of the tidal flat, wherein the scraping thickness is determined according to the vertical distribution condition of benthic microalgae in a collection area; adding the scraped sample into a container filled with filtered seawater, filtering for 2 times by using 300-mesh bolting silk, obtaining benthic microalgae solution after filtering, pouring the benthic microalgae solution into a culture container paved with treated silt with the thickness of 2cm, and standing for 24 hours; flushing the container with filtered seawater, replacing fresh filtered seawater for continuous culture when the benthic microalgae in the container do not fall off, placing the culture container in a climate chamber under LED (light-emitting diode) light, periodically replacing the filtered seawater, and flushing away dirt and harmful organisms attached to the culture container when water is replaced;
the method for collecting and pretreating the bullacta comprises the following steps:
collecting a sediment sample on the surface layer of the mudflat, wherein the collection depth is determined according to the vertical distribution condition of the mud snails in the collection area; primarily cleaning the collecting site by using seawater, and filtering by using a 5mm filter screen to remove silt and other benthos to obtain a bullacta sample; the cleaned mud snail is brought back to a laboratory and placed in a container, the bottom of the container is paved with the treated silt with the thickness of 2cm and is fed with benthic microalgae solution, filtered seawater is introduced into the container and an oxygen generating device is placed to ensure the survival of the mud snail, the filtered seawater is replaced once every 24 hours, and simultaneously, a proper amount of microalgae solution is added;
s2, adding the silt processed in the step S1 into an experimental container, inserting the experimental container into benthic microalgae culture dishes, adding different proportions of benthic microalgae and filtered seawater into each benthic microalgae culture dish, and culturing the benthic microalgae; after the cultivation is finished, taking out all benthic microalgae culture dishes, and forming a plurality of benthic microalgae patches with different concentrations on the silt paved in the experimental container;
s3, installing shooting equipment; adding filtered seawater into the experimental container with the built plaque, and simulating a flooding condition or a non-flooding condition;
s4, placing the mud snails obtained in the step S1 between benthic microalgae patches with different concentrations in an experimental container, and ensuring the distance between the mud snails and two adjacent patches to be consistent; setting a shooting interval of shooting equipment, starting to acquire mud snail movement behavior data, stopping tracking each mud snail after each mud snail moves to the edge of a container or stops on the wall of the container, and finishing tracking all the mud snails;
s5, obtaining the moving speed of the mud snails when the mud snails pass through the submerged microalgae patches with different concentrations and under different flooding conditions, measuring the concentration of the submerged microalgae in each patch, and fitting a curve to obtain a quantitative result.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the benthic microalgae culture dish has a regular quadrangular prism structure.
3. The method for monitoring and analyzing the movement of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae according to claim 1, wherein the experimental container is provided with an inverted "L" shaped support rod on one side, the bottom of the support rod is installed on the side of the experimental container, and the top of the support rod is located above the experimental container for hanging a shooting device.
4. The method for monitoring and analyzing the movement of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae according to claim 1, wherein the shooting device is a camera connected to a computer.
5. The method for monitoring and analyzing the movement of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae according to claim 1, wherein the benthic microalgae culture conditions in the benthic microalgae culture dish of step S2 are as follows: the experimental vessels were placed in a climate chamber and incubated at 15 ℃ for 48 hours under LED light.
6. The method for monitoring and analyzing the movement of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae according to claim 1, wherein at least two experimental containers are prepared in step S2, and each experimental container cultures the same benthic microalgae patch; respectively adding filtered seawater in the step S3, and simulating a flooding condition or a non-flooding condition, wherein the filtered seawater which exceeds the surface of the sediment by 1.3 to 1.8cm is added into an experimental container which is constructed by the plaque to be the simulated flooding condition; and adding filtered seawater into the experimental container until the sediment in the experimental container is wet and no water is accumulated in the experimental container to simulate the non-flooded condition.
7. The method for monitoring and analyzing the movement of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae according to claim 1, wherein the mud snails are put into an experimental container without benthic microalgae culture for 1 day before step S4, and treated silt is laid in the container without feeding during the period.
8. The method for monitoring and analyzing the movement of tidal flat mud snails among benthic microalgae according to claim 1, wherein the moving speed of mud snails when passing through benthic microalgae plaques at different concentrations of water and under different flooding conditions is obtained by ImageJ analysis in step S5.
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