CN114845669A - 带表面突起的脊柱植入物 - Google Patents

带表面突起的脊柱植入物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114845669A
CN114845669A CN202080065959.7A CN202080065959A CN114845669A CN 114845669 A CN114845669 A CN 114845669A CN 202080065959 A CN202080065959 A CN 202080065959A CN 114845669 A CN114845669 A CN 114845669A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
surgical implant
unique
surface pattern
interbody spacer
pattern according
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN202080065959.7A
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English (en)
Inventor
D·泰
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Bicon Biomedical Co ltd
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Bicon Biomedical Co ltd
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Publication of CN114845669A publication Critical patent/CN114845669A/zh
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    • A61F2/4455—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs for the fusion of spinal bodies, e.g. intervertebral fusion of adjacent spinal bodies, e.g. fusion cages
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/44—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs
    • A61F2002/4495—Joints for the spine, e.g. vertebrae, spinal discs having a fabric structure, e.g. made from wires or fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2002/4629—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof connected to the endoprosthesis or implant via a threaded connection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2310/00—Prostheses classified in A61F2/28 or A61F2/30 - A61F2/44 being constructed from or coated with a particular material
    • A61F2310/00005—The prosthesis being constructed from a particular material
    • A61F2310/00011—Metals or alloys
    • A61F2310/00023—Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys

Abstract

本发明设计用于脊柱手术的椎体间隔离物。椎体间隔离物具有一个或多个具有独特表面图案的表面。椎体间隔离物优选地设计为在脊柱融合手术中用作椎体间隔离物，其中受影响椎间盘的部分从两个相邻椎骨之间移除并替换为提供节段稳定性的椎体间隔离物，可以矫正畸形并允许骨在两个椎骨之间生长，以弥合椎间盘切除造成的间隙。椎体间隔离物具有一个或多个独特表面，旨在帮助骨骼生长和附着。独特表面包括一个或多个表面突起，通常称为表面突起图案或矩阵，可以排列形成独特的图案和结构。

Description

带表面突起的脊柱植入物
发明领域
本发明涉及骨固定装置和用于将这些装置放置在个体中的手术。更具体地，本发明涉及一种用于脊柱融合的具有表面突起的装置，并且涉及一种用于外科手术的独特表面。
背景技术
医疗手术通常需要使用外科硬件。在脊柱相关手术中，外科医生使用的一种常见手术硬件是笼状植入物。典型的笼状植入物是多孔的，由坚固的塑料或钛制成，并插入到脊柱的各个部分或解剖特征中，包括颈椎、胸椎、腰椎、骶髂关节和关节面。例如，椎间盘的退化，特别是髓核的退化，会导致受影响的椎间盘空间的高度降低，这与纤维环和韧带的弱化有关。结果，脊柱变得不稳定并且更容易受到椎体相对于彼此的水平位移的影响。椎体的这种水平运动导致该区域中的神经根和/或脊髓的损伤，并由此引起疼痛。
这些症状的主要治疗包括手术切除髓核和插入支撑体以恢复椎间盘空间的正常高度。虽然有许多用于插入支撑体的传统系统和方法，但对执行椎间盘手术的外科医生和对脊柱隔离物本身都有各种要求。
经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术(TLIF)是一种外科手术，它使用后侧入路进入椎间盘空间并插入隔离物。为了进入椎间盘空间，通常会移除小关节并通过神经孔进入。虽然比其他融合技术对外科医生的技术要求更高，但TLIF提供了许多临床优势。
与后外侧融合(PLF)相比，TLIF方法保留了更多完整的软组织，这对患者的创伤较小。此外，PLF不提供进入椎间盘空间的通道。
虽然后外侧椎间融合(PLIF)提供了进入椎间盘空间的通道，但TLIF方法也提供了进入椎间空间的通道，但不需要操纵神经元件，从而降低了术后神经缺陷的风险。此外，在TLIF中，仅放置一个隔离物。更具体地说，TLIF隔离物放置在椎间盘空间的前部，从而为自然压缩发生的椎间盘空间后部的大量融合块提供空间。
然而，传统的TLIF手术确实存在许多缺点。例如，传统的椎体间隔离物通过在椎体间隔离物中形成的固定螺纹连接到插入器。此外，为了从斜后方将所需的隔离物放置在椎间盘空间的前部，传统的手术要求将隔离物从插入器中释放出来，然后将其夯实到位。这种隔离物的两步插入通常被外科医生认为很麻烦，并且可能对骨骼和组织造成不必要的损伤，从而增加患者的不适感并增加完成愈合所需的时间。
发明内容
本发明涉及一种装置，优选地是用于脊柱手术的椎体间隔离物，具有一个或多个表面，该表面具有独特的表面图案，用于帮助骨骼生长和附着。本发明还针对具有独特表面图案的独特表面，该独特表面可用于脊柱手术以帮助骨骼生长和附着。椎体间隔离物优选地设计为在脊柱融合手术中用作椎体间隔离物，其中受影响椎间盘的部分从两个相邻椎骨之间移除并替换为提供节段稳定性的椎体间隔离物，可以矫正畸形并允许骨在两个椎骨之间生长，以弥合椎间盘切除造成的间隙。椎体间隔离物具有一个或多个独特的表面，旨在帮助骨骼生长和附着。独特的表面包括一个或多个表面突起，通常称为表面突起图案或矩阵，它们可以被布置以形成独特的图案和结构。
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种独特的椎体间隔离物，该隔离物构造成有助于骨骼生长和附着。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种具有一个或多个独特表面的椎体间隔离物，该表面被设计成有助于骨骼生长和附着。
本发明的又一目的是提供一种具有一个或多个独特表面的椎体间隔离物，该独特表面包括被设计用于帮助骨生长和附着的表面突起图案或矩阵。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种独特的表面构造，其设计用于帮助骨骼生长和附着。
本发明的其他目的和优点将从以下结合任何附图的描述中变得明显，其中通过说明和示例的方式阐述了本发明的某些实施例。此处包含的任何附图构成本说明书的一部分，包括本发明的示例性实施例，并说明其各种目的和特征。
附图说明
图1是具有设计成有助于骨骼生长和附着的表面的椎间隔离物的示例性实施例的前侧透视图；
图2是椎体间隔离物的替代前侧透视图；
图3是椎体间隔离物的说明性实施例的背面透视图；
图4是椎体间隔离物的另一种背面透视图；
图5是椎体间隔离物的主视图；
图6是椎体间隔离物的后视图；
图7是椎体间隔离物的右侧视图；
图8是椎体间隔离物的左侧视图；
图9是椎体间隔离物的俯视图；
图10是椎体间隔离物的仰视图；
图11是椎体间隔离物表面的一部分的放大透视图；
图12是图11所示的椎体间隔离物的表面部分的正视图；
图13是图11所示的椎体间隔离物表面的一部分的后视图；
图14是图11所示的椎体间隔离物的表面部分的侧视图；
图15A是图11所示的椎体间隔离物表面部分的俯视图；
图15B是图15A中所示的椎体间隔离物表面的替代顶视图；
图16是脊柱部分的透视图，示出了椎间盘空间中的椎体间隔离物；
图17是沿图16的线17-17截取的剖视图；
图18说明了放置在孔内的具有至少约600至约1000微米直径的球体；和
图19说明了放置在孔内的具有至少约50至约500微米直径的球体。
具体实施方式
尽管本发明可以采用各种形式的实施例，但在附图中示出并且在下文中将描述当前优选的但非限制性的实施例，应当理解本公开被认为是本发明的示例，并且并非意在将本发明限制于所示的具体实施例。
参考图1-10，示出了具有一个或多个具有独特表面图案的表面的椎体间隔离物的说明性实施例，一般称为椎体间隔离物10。椎体间隔离物10优选地设计为用作脊柱融合手术中的椎体间隔离物，其中受影响椎间盘的部分从两个相邻椎骨102和104之间移除(参见图16)并替换为提供节段稳定性的椎体间隔离物10，可以纠正畸形，并允许骨骼在两个椎骨之间生长，以弥合因椎间盘切除而产生的间隙。优选地，椎体间隔离物10由钛构成，优选为医用级钛。然而，椎体间隔离物10可以由本领域技术人员已知的任何材料制成，优选地由对其预期目的有用的材料制成。尽管可以以本领域技术人员已知的方式制造椎体间隔离物10，但钛级椎体间隔离物10可以使用三维(3D)印刷技术构造，例如使用粉末的3D钛印刷技术床金属3D打印机和直接金属激光烧结(DMLS)等工艺。在这个工艺中，椎体间隔离物10使用逐层方法构建，使用激光，通常是二氧化碳激光，其熔化粉末并将钛熔合在一起。
如图所示，椎体间隔离物10呈大致矩形形状，其具有在使用期间最接近外科医生的近端12、在使用期间可能成为插入前缘的远端14以及位于其间的主体16。通常，近端12被构造和布置成连接到插入工具，该插入工具允许将椎体间隔离物抓握或锁定到相对于插入工具的特定方向。远端14被构造成有助于将椎体间隔离物10插入到例如相邻椎骨102和104之间。
主体16包括第一上壁或表面18、第二或下壁或表面20以及两个相对的侧壁22和24。第一上壁或表面18包括开口，图示为上表面开槽开口26，见图3。第二下壁或表面20包括开口，图示为下表面开槽开口28，见图9。侧壁22包括开口，图示为第一侧壁开槽开口30，见图1。侧壁24包括开口，图示为第二侧壁开槽开口32，参见图2。虽然开口26、28、30和32中的每一个被示出具有特定的形状和尺寸，即大于50％的表面积，每个开口26、28、30和32可以被配置为呈现任何形状或尺寸，使得开口26、28、30和32中的任何一个的直径、宽度或长度大于或小于图示的。开口26、28、30和32暴露出内腔34。椎体间隔离物内腔34构造成容纳填充在内部的骨生长材料。虽然显示的椎体间隔离物内腔34提供完全开放的或中空的空间，但中空或空的空间可以构造成呈现任何尺寸或形状。
椎体间隔离物10的近端12优选地构造和布置成连接到插入工具，该插入工具允许椎体间隔离物10相对于插入工具被抓握或锁定到特定方向。如图3和图4所示，近端12可构造成包含锥形端，侧壁36、38、40和42具有成角度的或倾斜的(向内腔34倾斜)表面。侧壁36、38、40和42终止于开口44，从而形成容纳凹腔46的插入工具，参见图6。形成有壁或实心表面48的是第二开口，通常称为插入工具接合开口50，其被设计成接收插入工具的至少一部分并用其固定。插入工具接合开口50显示为具有内螺纹52，该内螺纹52被配置为与插入工具相关联的对应外螺纹接合或配合。尽管用螺纹示出，但可以使用本领域技术人员已知的用于固定、配合或配合插入工具的其他机构。
远端14优选地构造成有助于插入椎体间隔离物10。远端14可以包括多个倾斜表面54、56、58和60，每个端部形成锥形椎体间隔离物端插入点62。锥形椎体间隔离物端部插入点62显示为具有大致平坦或平坦的表面64。
第一或上壁，或表面18，以及第二或下壁，或表面20，各自包括覆盖有或具有一个或多个表面突起的独特表面，当排列在一起形成独特的图案或矩阵时，通常称为表面突起图案或矩阵66(也称为表面支架66)可用作)。虽然上表面18显示为具有覆盖有表面突起图案/矩阵或支架66的整个表面，但上表面18可以配置为包括少于被表面突起图案/矩阵或支架66覆盖的整个表面。下表面20显示为具有覆盖有表面突起图案/矩阵或支架66的整个表面，下表面20可以被配置为包括少于被表面突起图案/矩阵或支架66覆盖的整个表面。
参考图11-15B，示出了表面突起图案或矩阵66的表示的说明性实施例。表面突起图案或矩阵66包括从表面69向上延伸的多个线性节段68(也称为表面突起68)。虽然所描述的实施例示出了线性节段，但其他形状例如圆形段、弯曲段或多个也可以使用连接在一起以形成非线性长度或整体形状的线性节段。这种使用可以独立于线性节段或与线性节段结合使用。线性节段68优选地是不规则形状的，但可以构造成形状一致。不规则形状的单个线性节段68可以例如具有细长主体，该主体具有沿纵轴的曲率或扭曲，这可以导致主体具有沿一侧的平坦表面或截面，例如线性节段68A、68B，或68C，参见图15B。线性节段68可以终止于不规则形状的平坦端部，参见68D、68E或68F，或尖的倾斜端部，参见68C或68G。线性节段68可以布置为单个单元，例如参见68A，作为具有从单个焦点或区域延伸的多个线性节段的组的一部分，参见68B，单个线性节段分支成几个额外的线性节段或其组合,参见68C。
如果单个线性节段包括分支，则分支可能导致单个分支、多个分支、子分支，分支节段的一个或多个线性节段节段66可以形成额外分支或其组合。任何分支节段可以在任何方向上定向，并且在其他分支节段之上或之下定向。线性节段68，无论是作为单个单元、具有从单个焦点或区域延伸的多个线性节段的组的一部分，还是作为具有一个或多个分支的单个线性节段，优选地布置成形成复杂图案或矩阵，该复杂图案或矩阵形成孔70，定义为一个或多个线性节段68之间的开口或通道。形成为包含一个或多个孔70的表面突起图案或矩阵66也可定义为多孔支架。优选地，在多孔支架中形成的孔70是开放孔，即通过各种通道(例如空隙71A或空隙71B)彼此连接的孔70，参见图13。可替代地，或除此之外，表面突起图案或矩阵多孔支架66可以包括封闭的孔，即被孔壁包围并且彼此断开的孔。取决于布置，孔70可以由连接在一起或紧密靠近以形成孔的线性节段68限定，参见例如70A，图12。孔70也可以由不全等的形状或由两个或多个线性节段68限定的空间限定。。
孔70A可以由独立的线性节段68形成，其中之一与紧邻的线性节段68形成线性节段桥66D。附加地或替代地，孔70可由多个聚集在一起的线性节段68形成或限定，参见例如孔70B，图12。孔70B由多个相互连接的多分支段68形成，其形成格子或者在不同的水平，即在相对于表面69的不同高度或平面处组合在一起。图13中所示的虚线73A、73B、73C、73D、73E和73F代表上述不同的高度或平面。因此，在孔70内，也可以形成多个独立的孔70，每个孔70在不同的高度或平面上。
在优选实施例中，表面突起图案或矩阵66至少1mm厚，并且在晶格结构内有两个不同的层。表面突起图案或矩阵66的上层包括孔径范围为约600至1000微米的层。表面突起图案或矩阵66的下层包括孔径范围为约50至5000微米的层。
如本文所用，“孔径”可以由物体的尺寸定义，优选为球体，其适合于孔内，即在由限定孔的线性节段68形成的开口或狭槽内。因此，上层的孔径尺寸被确定为适合物体，例如球体77，参见图18，介于约600至约1000微米之间。下层的孔径尺寸被设计成适合物体，例如球体79，见图19，介于约50至约500微米之间。上层和下层可能有一些差异，有一些孔径大于定义。因此，上层或下层也可以通过具有至少约1％-约99％的孔在约600至约1000微米(上层)或约50至约500微米的孔径来定义(下层)，包括至少约90-约99％、至少约80-约89％、至少约70-约79％、至少约60-约69％、至少约约50-约59％，至少约40-约49％，至少约30-约39％，至少约20-约29％，至少约10-约19％，或至少大约在1-大约9％之间。
如本文所用，术语“约”定义高于或低于所述值10-20％的值。
如图1-10所示，表面突起图案或矩阵66优选地覆盖所有第一或上壁或表面18，以及所有第二或下壁或表面20。然而，第一或上壁或表面18和整个第二壁或下壁或表面20可以设计为具有覆盖较少的表面突起图案或矩阵66。此外，虽然两个相对的侧壁22和24被显示为没有表面突起图案或矩阵66，但这种特征也可以应用到其上。
图16和17示出了与脊柱手术相关联的使用中的椎体间隔离物10。椎体间隔离物10显示为插入两个相邻椎骨102和104之间，表面突起图案或矩阵66对齐以接触椎骨102或104。
应当理解，虽然说明了本发明的某种形式，但不限于本文描述和显示的特定形式或布置。对于本领域的技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下可以进行各种改变是显而易见的，并且本发明不应被认为限于说明书中所示和描述的内容以及这里包括的任何附图/附图.
本领域技术人员将容易理解，本发明很好地适用于实现目标并获得所提及的目的和优点，以及其中固有的那些。本文所述的实施例、方法、程序和技术目前是优选实施例的代表，旨在作为示例，而不旨在限制范围。本领域技术人员将想到其中的变化和其他用途，这些变化包含在本发明的精神内并由所附权利要求的范围限定。尽管已经结合具体的优选实施例描述了本发明，但应当理解，所要求保护的本发明不应被过度地限制于这些具体的实施例。实际上，对本领域技术人员显而易见的用于实施本发明的所述模式的各种修改旨在落入所附权利要求的范围内。

Claims (18)

1.一种具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，包括：
一种具有远端、近端、上表面和下表面的椎体间隔离物，所述上表面或所述下表面具有由布置成限定一个或多个孔的多个表面突起限定的表面支架。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述多个表面突起是不规则形状的节段。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述多个表面突起是布置为单个单元的线性节段。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述多个表面突起是布置为具有从单个焦点或区域延伸的多个线性节段的组的一部分的线性节段。
5.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述多个表面突起是布置为单个线性节段的线性节段，该单个线性节段分支成几个附加的线性节段。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中单个线性节段包括分支。
7.根据权利要求6所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述分支是单个分支或多个分支。
8.根据权利要求6所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述分支包括一个或多个子分支，其中所述分支段的一个或多个线性节段形成额外的分支。
9.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述表面突起支架由具有两个不同层，即上层和下层的格子结构限定。
10.根据权利要求9所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述表面突起支架的所述上层包括尺寸范围为约600至1000微米的孔层。
11.根据权利要求9所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述表面突起支架的所述下层包括尺寸范围为约50至5000微米的孔层。
12.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述表面突起支架包括具有至少一个闭孔的多孔支架。
13.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述表面突起支架包括在不同高度、平面或其组合处形成的多个独立孔。
14.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述椎体间隔离物的上表面包括开口，其尺寸和形状设置为暴露椎体间隔离物内腔，所述椎体间隔离物内腔的大小和形状用于接收或保持骨骼生长材料。
15.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述椎椎体间隔离物下表面包括开口，其尺寸和形状设计成暴露椎间间隔体内腔，所述椎体间隔离物内腔的尺寸和形状能够接收或保持骨骼生长材料。
16.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述椎体间隔离物由钛制成。
17.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述近端构造成与插入工具相互作用或固定到插入工具。
18.根据权利要求1所述的具有独特表面图案的外科植入物，其中，所述远端包括形成锥形部分的一个或多个倾斜表面。
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