CN114838852B - Experimental device and experimental method for determining direction of geological stress field - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for determining direction of geological stress field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an experimental device for determining the direction of a geological stress field and an experimental method thereof, wherein the device comprises an experiment table, an experiment box arranged on the experiment table, a driving assembly, an information acquisition assembly and a control analyzer; the experimental box is formed by front end baffle, two side baffles and rear end baffle, and the fracture area trend board is placed in the experimental box and one end is connected with the front end baffle, and drive assembly drive front end baffle removes, and information acquisition subassembly is used for shooting the experimental process in the experimental box, and control analyzer is used for controlling drive assembly and carries out data analysis. The experimental method is to establish the direction of the stress field in the geological period by establishing the correlation between the included angle between the preexisting fracture of the base with different trend and the new secondary fracture trend in the upper covering layer and the included angle between the normal line of the fracture trend of the preexisting base and the advanced maximum principal stress axis. The method is proved to have feasibility through the verification of actual data.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to experimental simulation equipment, in particular to an experimental device and an experimental method for determining the direction of a geological stress field.
Background
Pre-existing fracture reactivation is an important structural phenomenon in hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs. The oblique stretching action is an important cause of the extensive development of preexisting fracture reactivation, and even in homogeneous rock, the basal preexisting fracture reactivation is induced when horizontal principal stress is oblique to the preexisting fracture strike.
Taking Bohai Bay basin as an example, the structural evolution of the new generation Bohai Bay basin is developed on the ancient or medium generation substrate, so the structural evolution process of the basin is strongly influenced by the preexisting structure (particularly deep fracture) of the substrate. Because the pacific plate is changed frequently in the dive direction and speed at different stages of the geological history, the directions of the structural stress fields induced at different stages are different. In the new generation structure evolution process of the basin, the preexisting fracture and the direction of the late stress field are in oblique crossing to generate oblique stretching effect, and the influence of the oblique stretching at different angles on the structure evolution of the basin is different, so that the structure styles of the basin have great difference. In addition, various explanation schemes exist for the evolution model of the Bohai Bay basin, mainly a multi-stage stretching superposition model, a sliding and pulling division model and an oblique stretching model, the sources of the disputes are that the dynamic background of basin evolution is not clear, namely, the direction of the geological stress field in the historical period is uncertain, so that it is extremely important to determine how to accurately determine the direction of the geological stress field in the historical period.
At present, students at home and abroad mainly determine the direction of a geological stress field in an isotope annual measurement mode, but the direction of the stress field in a local area is different from the direction of the influence field in the area due to the influence of a preexisting structure. The determination of the direction of the regional stress field is carried out in a wide range, so that the cost is high on one hand, and the sampling range is wide on the other hand, and the direction of the local stress field can be determined by combining the fine interpretation of the local seismic profile with a sand box physical simulation experiment by applying the method, thereby having important significance for determining the direction of the regional stress field in the geological history period of the regional oil field.
Disclosure of Invention
The first technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the above problems existing in the prior art: at present, no experimental device for judging the direction of a stress field by simulating the geological change condition in a small range exists.
The second technical problem to be solved is: the prior art does not have a method for determining the direction of the stress field by the slope and the angle between the new fracture in the overburden and the fracture strike of the preexisting substrate.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an experimental device for confirm geological stress field direction, its characterized in that: the system comprises a laboratory bench, a laboratory box arranged on the laboratory bench, a driving assembly, an information acquisition assembly and a control analyzer;
the experimental box comprises a front end baffle, two side baffles and a rear end baffle, wherein the rear end baffle and the front end baffle are respectively arranged between the two side baffles, the rear end baffle is fixedly and hermetically connected with the two side baffles, and the front end baffle is slidably and hermetically connected with the two side baffles;
the experiment box further comprises a fracture zone trend plate with a right trapezoid cross section, the fracture zone trend plate is arranged between the two side baffles and is horizontally paved on the experiment table, and the longer right-angle side of the fracture zone trend plate is parallel to the front end baffle and is fixed on the front end baffle;
the power output end of the driving assembly is connected with the front end baffle plate to drive the front end baffle plate to move along the length direction of the experiment table;
the information acquisition end of the information acquisition component is positioned right above the experiment box;
the control signal output end of the control analyzer is connected with the signal input end of the driving component, and the signal input end of the control analyzer is connected with the information acquisition component and simulates the stress field direction of the geological history period according to the information acquired by the information acquisition component.
Preferably, the information acquisition component comprises an industrial camera, an illuminating lamp bracket and an LED photographic lamp on the fixed illuminating lamp bracket, and a lens of the industrial camera is positioned right above the experimental box.
Preferably, the driving assembly comprises a motor base, a toothless screw, a fixing part, a stepping motor, a reduction gearbox and a stepped screw;
the motor base is fixedly arranged on the experiment table, the stepping motor is arranged on the motor base, the power output end of the stepping motor is connected with one end of the elevator screw rod through the reduction gearbox, and the other end of the elevator screw rod is in threaded connection with the fixing part;
the motor base is characterized in that a through hole is formed in the lower portion of the motor base, one end of the toothless screw rod penetrates through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the front end baffle, the toothless screw rod is slidably connected with the through hole, and the other end of the toothless screw rod is fixedly connected with the fixing part.
Preferably, the number of the toothless screws is two, two through holes are formed in the lower portion of the motor base, one ends of the two toothless screws respectively penetrate through the corresponding two through holes to be fixedly connected with the front end baffle, and the other ends of the two toothless screws are fixedly connected with the fixing part.
Preferably, the driving assembly further comprises an indicator light for indicating the rotation direction of the stepping motor.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: real method for determining direction of geological stress field
The experimental method adopts the experimental device for determining the direction of the geological stress field, and comprises the following specific steps:
s1: manufacturing a group of fracture zone trend plates simulating the pre-existing linear fracture of a substrate, wherein the number of the fracture zone trend plates is N, and the g-th fracture zone trend plate bottom angle lambda g The complementary angle recorded as alpha g ，g＝1，2，...N；
S2: setting a light source intake angle of the LED photography lamp, enabling the LED photography lamp to be shot into the experiment box at 45 degrees, and setting shooting interval time t of the information acquisition component;
s3: selecting a g-th fracture zone strike plate and tiling the g-th fracture zone strike plate on a laboratory bench, g=1, 2,..n;
according to the geologic history period to be simulated, selecting correspondent simulation material, according to the ratio of total thickness of sand layer to actual thickness of stratum 10 -5 Paving the simulation materials in the experimental box according to the ratio of 1, wherein a marking layer is paved at intervals of 0.5cm in thickness in the paving process, and the marking layer is colored quartz sand;
s4: the analyzer is controlled to act in the stepping motor, so that the horizontal movement of the fracture zone trend plate simulates the oblique stretching effect; starting an experiment, stopping working of the stepping motor when the displacement of the fracture zone trend plate reaches the maximum extension distance, and stopping shooting by the information acquisition assembly;
s5: when MB-Ruler software is used for measuring movement stop of the fracture zone trend plate, an included angle beta between the trend oblique side of the fracture zone trend plate and each new fracture in the overlying sand layer, which is acquired by a photo shot by the information acquisition component i I=1, 2,..n, then the average value is calculated
/>
S6: if the average value obtained at present
Mean value from previous acquisition ∈ ->
When the error of (a) is < + -3%, g=g+1, and executing the next step, otherwise returning to S3;
s7: if g is more than N, executing the next step, otherwise returning to S3;
s8: with alpha g And
g=1, 2..n. a scatter plot is built, all data are selected to fit a second order function trend line, a second order curve equation between alpha and beta is established, wherein alpha represents inclination, and beta represents an included angle between a new fracture in the sand-coated layer and the fracture trend of the pre-existing substrate;
and establishing a relation between beta and theta, wherein theta represents the normal line of fracture trend of the pre-existing substrate and the maximum principal stress axis sigma 1 The included angle can obtain the direction of the stress field simulating the period of the new fracture activity.
Preferably, the moving speed of the fracture zone in the step S4 towards the plate is 0.01cm/min.
Preferably, the second order curve equation between α and β in S7 is:
β＝b 0 +b 1 α+b 1 α 2 (1)
wherein b 0 、b 1 、b 2 Is constant.
Preferably, b is determined in S7 0 、b 1 、b 2 The procedure for the constant values is as follows:
let x 1 ＝α，x 2 ＝α 2 Then formula (1) is converted to formula (2):
β＝b 0 +b 1 x 1 +b 1 x 2 (2)
unknown parameter b in multiple linear regression according to least square method principle 0 、b 1 、b 2 Satisfying the formula (3) to a minimum;
respectively find Q pair b 0 、b 1 、b 2 And let them equal to zero;
sorting to give the information about b 0 、b 1 、b 2 Is a linear equation set of (2)
Introduction matrix
X’XB＝X’β (9)
And (3) calculating to obtain:
then
/>
W k ＝cos(α) (11)
W k ＝sin2θ (12)
Wherein W is k Is kinematic vorticity.
Preferably, the relationship between β and θ in S7 is:
β＝4b 2 θ 2 -(360b 2 +2b 1 )θ+(8100b 2 +90b 1 +b 0 ) (13)。
compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following advantages:
1. the experimental device provided by the invention can simulate the pre-existing linear structures of substrates with different trend and the deformation of the overlying sand layer induced by reactivation of the pre-existing linear structures by paving and pushing fracture zone trend plates with different angles.
2. The experimental device provided by the invention can observe the fracture evolution modes and the combination patterns in the oblique stretching action process of different low angles from the three-dimensional angle, observe the evolution characteristics of fractures at different stages, and further clearly control the basin evolution by the linear structure of the substrate of different trend.
3. According to the experimental method provided by the invention, the fracture strip directional plate with different angles is paved in the experimental box to simulate the pre-existing linear structures with different angles, then the quartz sand is paved on the upper cover to simulate the sand layer, and then the power device is driven to enable the fracture strip directional plate to move, so that Zhang Niubian shape is induced in the upper cover sand layer of the pre-existing linear structures, and an included angle beta between the pre-existing fracture of the base with different directions and the new fracture in the upper cover sand layer, the normal line of the fracture trend of the base and the late maximum main stress axis sigma are established 1 And determining the direction of the stress field in the geological period by measuring the included angle beta between the fracture of the pre-existing substrate and the newly-generated fracture in a certain area and combining the related relationship.
4. The experimental method provided by the invention is characterized in that the included angle beta between the secondary fracture induced in the overlying sand layer and the trend of the linear preexisting structure of the substrate is counted, and the root is obtainedEstablished beta and the normal line of fracture trend of the preexisting substrate and the maximum principal stress axis sigma 1 And determining the stress field direction of a certain geological history period according to the relation between the included angles theta.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the experimental apparatus for determining the direction of a geological stress field in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the experimental box in example 1.
Fig. 3 is a rear side view of the experimental box of example 1 with simulated material laid therein.
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the results of physical simulation experiments on a simulated substrate pre-existing linear structure diagonal stretch flask in example 2.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the angle β between the preexisting fracture of the base and the newly created fracture in the overburden sand as established in example 2 versus the slope α.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of pre-existing fractures of the substrate and newly-formed fractures of the overlying sand layer in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below.
An experimental device for determining the direction of a geological stress field comprises an experiment table 5, an experiment box arranged on the experiment table 5, a driving assembly 1, an information acquisition assembly 2 and a control analyzer 3; in the specific implementation, the device further comprises a laboratory stand 4 for convenient control and observation, and the laboratory stand 5 is arranged on the laboratory stand 4.
The experimental box comprises a front end baffle 6, two side baffles 7 and a rear end baffle 8, wherein the rear end baffle 8 and the front end baffle 6 are respectively arranged between the two side baffles 7, the rear end baffle 8 is fixedly and hermetically connected with the two side baffles 7, and the front end baffle 6 is slidably and hermetically connected with the two side baffles 7; so that the front end baffle 6, the two side baffles 7 and the rear end baffle 8 form a box body, and other parts except the upper end opening of the box body are sealed to prevent sand leakage. In practice, the two side baffles 7 and the rear end baffle 8 are respectively fixed on the upper surface of the experiment table 5 through multipurpose iron clips 9.
The experiment box further comprises a fracture zone trend plate 10 with a right trapezoid cross section, the fracture zone trend plate 10 is arranged between the two side baffles 7 and is horizontally paved on the experiment table 5, and the longer right-angle side of the fracture zone trend plate 10 is parallel to the front end baffle 6 and is fixed on the front end baffle 6; the fracture zone trend board is acrylic board material.
The power output end of the driving assembly 1 is connected with the front end baffle 6 to drive the front end baffle 6 to move along the length direction of the experiment table 5; the information acquisition end of the information acquisition component 2 is positioned right above the experiment box; the control signal output end of the control analyzer 3 is connected with the signal input end of the driving assembly 1, and the control analyzer 3 is used for controlling the rotation direction and the speed of the driving assembly 1. The signal input end of the control analyzer 3 is connected with the information acquisition component 2, and the stress field direction of the geological history period is simulated according to the information acquired by the information acquisition component 2. The driving assembly 1 is used for providing power for the movement of the fracture zone trend plate 10 during the experiment; the control analyzer 3 controls the rotation direction and speed of the driving assembly 1 and provides power for physical simulation experiments of the diagonal stretching sand box.
Specifically, the information acquisition component 2 comprises an industrial camera 14, an illuminating lamp bracket 11 and an LED photographic lamp 12 on the fixed illuminating lamp bracket 11, wherein a lens of the industrial camera 14 is positioned right above the experimental box. The LED photography luminaire 12 mainly provides a light source for experiments, the industrial camera 14 is used for collecting images of experimental results, and is located right above the experiment box, in this embodiment, the industrial camera 14 is a industrial camera of the dimension MV-EM series, and the industrial camera 14 is fixed and adjusted in position by the camera bracket 13. The LED photoflood lamp 12 is 150W.
Specifically, the driving assembly 1 comprises a motor base 15, a toothless screw 16, a fixing part 17, a stepping motor 18, a reduction gearbox 19 and a elevator screw 20; the motor base 15 is fixedly arranged on the experiment table 5, the stepping motor 18 is arranged on the motor base 15, the power output end of the stepping motor 18 is connected with one end of the elevator screw 20 through the reduction gearbox 19, and the other end of the elevator screw 20 is in threaded connection with the fixing part 17; the lower part of the motor base 15 is provided with a through hole, one end of the toothless screw 16 penetrates through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the front end baffle 6, the toothless screw 16 is slidably connected with the through hole, and the other end of the toothless screw 16 is fixedly connected with the fixing part 17. The two toothless screws 16 are arranged, two through holes are formed in the lower portion of the motor base 15, one ends of the two toothless screws 16 respectively penetrate through the corresponding two through holes to be fixedly connected with the front end baffle 6, and the other ends of the two toothless screws 16 are fixedly connected with the fixing part 17. The drive assembly 1 further comprises an indicator light 21 for indicating the direction of rotation of the stepper motor 18.
An experimental method for determining the direction of a geological stress field adopts the experimental device for determining the direction of the geological stress field, and comprises the following specific steps:
s1: a group of fracture zone trend plates 10 simulating the pre-existing linear fracture of the substrate is manufactured, the number of the group is N, and the g-th fracture zone trend plate 10 has a base angle lambda g The complementary angle recorded as alpha g ，g＝1，2，...N。
S2: the light source intake angle of the LED photography luminaire 12 is set so that the LED photography luminaire 12 is injected into the experimental box at 45 °, and the information acquisition assembly 2 photographing interval time t is set.
S3: the g-th fracture zone run plate 10 was selected and the g-th fracture zone run plate 10 was tiled on the bench 5, g=1, 2.
Selecting corresponding simulation materials according to the lithology of the geologic body in the geologic history period to be simulated, wherein the local geologic body is a brittle layer, and loose white quartz sand is selected; the local body is a brittle-plastic layer, and microglass beads are selected; the ratio of the total thickness of the paved sand layer to the actual thickness of the stratum is 10:1, paving a simulation material in an experiment box, wherein a marking layer is paved at intervals of 0.5cm in thickness in the paving process, and the marking layer is colored quartz sand.
S4: the analyzer 3 is controlled to act in the stepping motor 18, so that the horizontal movement of the fracture zone towards the plate 10 simulates the oblique stretching effect; starting an experiment, stopping the operation of the stepping motor 18 when the displacement of the fracture zone trend plate 10 reaches the maximum extension distance, wherein the maximum extension distance is the movement distance when the starting connection of the goose line arrangement fracture in the sand layer is started, and stopping shooting by the information acquisition assembly 2; wherein the moving speed of the fracture zone in the S4 towards the plate 10 is 0.01cm/min.
S5: when MB-Ruler software is used for measuring movement stop of fracture zone trend board 10, angle beta between trend oblique side of fracture zone trend board 10 and each new fracture in overlying sand layer, which is acquired by photo shot by information acquisition component 2 i I=1, 2,..n, then the average value is calculated
S6: if the average value obtained at present
Mean value from previous acquisition ∈ ->
When the error of (2) is <.+ -. 3%, let g=g+1 and execute the next step, otherwise return to S3.
S7: if g > N, executing the next step, otherwise returning to S3.
S8: with alpha g And
g=1, 2..n. a scatter plot is built, all data are selected to fit a second order function trend line, a second order curve equation between alpha and beta is established, where α represents the slope and β represents the angle between the newly created fracture in the overburden and the fracture strike of the preexisting substrate.
The second order curve equation between α and β is:
β＝b 0 +b 1 α+b 1 α 2
wherein b 0 、b 1 、b 2 Is constant.
Determining b 0 、b 1 、b 2 The procedure for the constant values is as follows:
let x 1 ＝α，x 2 ＝α 2 Then the formula 1 is converted into
β＝b 0 +b 1 x 1 +b 1 x 2
According to least square methodRational, unknown parameter b in multiple linear regression 0 、b 1 、b 2 Satisfying equation 3 minimizes.
Respectively find Q pair b 0 、b 1 、b 2 And let them equal to zero.
Sorting to give the information about b 0 、b 1 、b 2 Is a linear equation set of (2)
Introduction matrix
X’XB＝X’β (9)
And (3) calculating to obtain:
then
W k ＝cosα
W k ＝sin2θ
Wherein W is k Is kinematic vorticity.
And then establishing a relation between beta and theta, wherein theta represents the normal line of fracture trend of the pre-existing substrate and the maximum principal stress axis sigma 1 Included angle:
β＝4b 2 θ 2 -360b 2 +2b 1 θ+8100b 2 +90b 1 +b 0
the direction of the stress field simulating the period of the new fracture activity can be obtained.
Example 1: referring to fig. 1-3, an experimental apparatus for determining a direction of a geological stress field includes an experiment table 5, an experiment box provided on the experiment table 5, a driving assembly 1, an information collecting assembly 2, and a control analyzer 3. The experiment table 5 is arranged on the experiment table bracket 4. The experimental box comprises a front end baffle 6, two side baffles 7, a rear end baffle 8 and a fracture zone trend plate 10 with a right triangle cross section, wherein the rear end baffle 8 and the front end baffle 6 are respectively arranged between the two side baffles 7, the rear end baffle 8 is fixedly and hermetically connected with the two side baffles 7, and the front end baffle 6 is slidingly and hermetically connected with the two side baffles 7. The fracture zone trend board 10 is arranged between the two side baffles 7 and is tiled on the experiment table 5, and the shorter right-angle side of the fracture zone trend board 10 is parallel to the front end baffle 6 and is fixed on the front end baffle 6.
In the embodiment, the experiment table bracket 4 is a stainless steel frame with the length of 120cm, the width of 60cm and the height of 80cm, the experiment table 5 is a stainless steel table top with the length of 180cm, the width of 80cm and the thickness of 2cm, the front end baffle 6, the two side baffles 7 and the rear end baffle 8 are all made of organic glass, and the front end baffle 6 is an organic glass baffle with the length of 50cm, the thickness of 1.5cm and the height of 15 cm; the side baffle 7 is an organic glass baffle with the length of 70cm, the thickness of 1.5cm and the height of 15 cm; the rear end baffle 8 is an organic glass baffle with the length of 50cm, the thickness of 1.5cm and the height of 15 cm.
The experimental box is a main body part of the whole experimental device and is used for placing fracture zone trend plates and simulation materials such as quartz sand, kaolin and the like used for experiments, and the deformation condition of the simulation materials in the experimental box is observed by moving the front end baffle 6. The experimental box comprises a front end baffle 6, two side baffles 7 and a rear end baffle 8 which form a detachable box body together, the whole experimental box is 60cm long, 50cm wide and 15cm high, wherein fracture zones 10 simulating different trend pre-existing linear structures are placed in the experimental box, and the fracture zones 10 are 50cm long. The breaking belt is placed parallel to the front end baffle 6 towards the first right-angled edge a of the plate and is fixed to the baffle by means of adhesive tape.
The driving assembly 1 comprises a motor base 15, a toothless screw 16, a fixing part 17, a stepping motor 18, a reduction gearbox 19 and a elevator tooth screw 20; the motor base 15 is fixedly arranged on the experiment table 5, the stepping motor 18 is arranged on the motor base 15, the power output end of the stepping motor 18 is connected with one end of the elevator screw 20 through the reduction gearbox 19, and the other end of the elevator screw 20 is in threaded connection with the fixing part 17; the lower part of the motor base 15 is provided with a through hole, one end of the toothless screw 16 penetrates through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the front end baffle 6, the toothless screw 16 is slidably connected with the through hole, and the other end of the toothless screw 16 is fixedly connected with the fixing part 17. The two toothless screws 16 are arranged, two through holes are formed in the lower portion of the motor base 15, one ends of the two toothless screws 16 respectively penetrate through the corresponding two through holes to be fixedly connected with the front end baffle 6, and the other ends of the two toothless screws 16 are fixedly connected with the fixing part 17. The drive assembly 1 further comprises an indicator light 21 for indicating the direction of rotation of the stepper motor 18. The control signal output end of the control analyzer 3 is connected with the signal input end of the driving assembly 1, and the control analyzer 3 is used for controlling the rotation direction and the speed of the driving assembly 1. The signal input end of the control analyzer 3 is connected with the information acquisition component 2, and the direction of a geological stress field simulating geology is given according to the information acquired by the information acquisition component 2.
The experimental setup for determining the direction of the geological stress field in example 1 works as follows:
the motor base 15 is made of steel, is 15cm long, 15cm high and 10cm wide, and is welded on the experiment table 5, two holes with the radius of 2cm are drilled in parallel in the lateral middle of the motor base 15, a toothless screw 16 with the length of 1m horizontally penetrates through the two holes with the aperture of 4cm, one end of the toothless screw 16 is fixed on the front end baffle 6, the other end of the toothless screw 16 is fixedly connected with the end part by a fixing part 17, the fixing part 17 is made of steel, the size is 8cm long at the upper bottom edge, the first right-angle side is 10cm long, the thickness of 2cm and the height of 10cm, a stepped threaded hole is drilled on the fixing part, the aperture is 5cm, the pitch of the screw is 0.5cm, a stepping motor 18 and a reduction box 19 are arranged on the upper part of the motor base 15, the stepping motor 18 can convert an electric pulse signal into angular displacement or linear displacement, and the speed and acceleration of the stepping motor can be controlled by controlling the pulse frequency so as to achieve the purpose of speed regulation, the reduction gearbox 19 is placed on the motor base 15, the reduction gearbox 19 is directly connected with the elevator screw rod 20, the elevator screw rod 20 is 1m long, the diameter is 5cm, the screw pitch is 0.5cm, the tail end passes through the threaded hole on the fixed part 17, the reduction gearbox 19 transmits the output rotating speed to the elevator screw rod 20, and further the speed and the direction of the drive can be adjusted and controlled, when the stepping motor 18 starts to rotate, the reduction gearbox 19 outputs the reduced rotating speed to the elevator screw rod 20, if the elevator screw rod 20 rotates anticlockwise, the indicator lamp 21 lights the red lamp, the no-tooth screw rod 16 and the fixed part 17 move towards the direction of the rear end baffle 8 to form extruded power, if the elevator screw rod 20 rotates clockwise, the indicator lamp 21 lights the green lamp, and the no-tooth screw rod 16 and the fixed part 17 move away from the direction of the rear end baffle 8 to form stretched power. The industrial camera 14 takes the experimental process and passes the pictures to the control analyser 3.
Example 2: referring to fig. 1-6, an experimental method for determining the direction of a geological stress field, which adopts the experimental device for determining the direction of a geological stress field in embodiment 1, comprises the following specific steps:
s1, taking a southbound dent No. four fracture zones as an example, a group of 15 fracture zone trend boards simulating the preexisting linear fracture of a substrate are manufactured, the fracture zone trend board has a bottom angle lambda, and the included angle between a first right-angle side a and a fracture trend bevel edge b is shown as the complementary angle alpha of figure 2 and lambda 1 、α 2 、α 3 、……α n-1 、α n The lengths of the fracture zone strike plates are 50cm, wherein the intervals are 2 degrees, 4 degrees, 6 degrees, … … degrees and 30 degrees respectively. The complementary angle alpha of the base angle lambda of the strip 10 is taken to run 1 The fracture strip direction plate of =2° is tiled in the experimental box, and the first right-angle side a of the fracture strip direction plate is parallel to the front end baffle 6 and fixed on the front end baffle 6.
S2, fixing an illumination system, placing EF11-150W photographic lamps on one side of the long side of the experiment table, and adjusting the light source intake angle to enable the light source to be injected into the experiment box at an angle of 45 degrees; and fixing an information acquisition assembly, namely fixing the ESO 850D single inverter at a position 1.2m above the experimental box, and taking a picture every 5 s.
S3, because the bright ballasting stratum of the Nanbao concave is mainly a brittle layer, adopting 120-mesh loose white quartz sand to simulate the bright ballasting stratum, spreading the bright ballasting stratum in an experiment box, spreading the bright ballasting stratum with the total thickness of 4cm, and spreading a marking layer, namely the colored quartz sand, every 0.5cm thick in the spreading process.
S4, the computer sets the power device to move horizontally backwards, and the moving speed is 0.01cm/min, so that the horizontal movement of the fracture zone at the bottom of the experiment box towards the plate simulates the oblique stretching effect; the experiment is started, the indicator lights are turned on, the movement is stopped when the displacement reaches the maximum extension distance, the maximum extension distance is the movement distance when the starting connection of the goose line arrangement fracture in the sand layer is started, and the photographing is stopped.
S5, measuring an included angle beta between a strike oblique side b of a strike plate of a fracture zone acquired by a shot photo and each new fracture in an overlying sand layer when stopping moving by using MB-rule software in a computer i I=1, 2, … n, and then the average value is calculated
Measurement of beta 1 ＝19.8°β 2 ＝19.7°β 3 ＝18.8°β 4 ＝19°β 5 ＝18.5°β 6 ＝18°
To reduce the error, the S2-5 steps are repeated until the error is < + -3%.
Beta is measured again 1 ＝20°β 2 ＝18°β 3 ＝19.5°β 4 ＝19°β 5 ＝19°β 6 ＝18.5°
Obtaining
S6, replacing alpha 2 The strip strike plate was fixed to the front end baffle 6, and 4 ° oblique extension experiments were performed, repeating steps 2-5 above.
Measured beta 1 ＝21°β 2 ＝22.2°β 3 ＝20.8°β 4 ＝20°β 5 ＝21.5°β 6 ＝20.5°
The experiment was repeated for 2-5 steps
Beta is measured again 1 ＝20.8°β 2 ＝22.4°β 3 ＝20.5°β 4 ＝20.3°β 5 ＝21°β 6 ＝21°
Obtaining
15 experiments were completed with the above design. Two groups of data alpha obtained by experimental measurement and calculation 1 ＝2°、α 2 ＝4°、α 3 ＝6°、α 3 ＝8°、α 3 ＝10°、α 3 ＝12°、α 3 ＝14°、α 3 ＝16°、α 3 ＝18°、α 3 ＝20°、α 3 ＝22°、α 3 ＝24°、
α 3 ＝26°、α n-1 ＝28°、α n =30° sum
β 3 ＝26°、β 3 ＝27.5°、
β 3 ＝31°、β 3 ＝33°、β 3 ＝34.5°、β 3 ＝35°、β 3 ＝36°、β 3 ＝36.8°、β 3 ＝37.2°、β 3 ＝38°、β 3 ＝38.6°、
Input into Origin software, use the two sets of data alpha 1 、α 2 、α 3 、……α 14 、α 15 And
establishing a scatter diagram as shown in figure 3, then selecting all data, fitting a second-order function trend line by using origin software, establishing a relation between the inclination alpha and an included angle beta between a newly generated fracture in a sand layer and a fracture trend of a pre-existing substrate, and calculating by using a linear regression equation to obtain a second-order curve equation
β＝-0.02552α 2 +1.54α+15.53802
From the formula, and the available formulas:
W k ＝cosα
W k ＝sin2θ
s7, measuring the average value of included angles between the preexisting fracture trend of the southern fort concave substrate and the 5 newly-generated fracture trends of the explicit ballast as follows
By means of the calculation of the formula,
obtaining theta approximately equal to 42 DEG, and obtaining the maximum principal stress axis sigma of the period 1 The normal angle of the linear structure of the pre-existing substrate is 42 degrees, and the fracture trend of the pre-existing substrate is near NW direction, so that the stretching direction is near SN direction. This coincides with the recent years that the pacific plate pullback effect causes the region to undergo a post-fracture heatsink down process, yielding an SN-to-stretch mechanism.
Finally, it is noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An experimental device for confirm geological stress field direction, its characterized in that: the device comprises a laboratory table (5), a laboratory box arranged on the laboratory table (5), a driving assembly (1), an information acquisition assembly (2) and a control analyzer (3);
the experimental box comprises a front end baffle (6), two side baffles (7) and a rear end baffle (8), wherein the rear end baffle (8) and the front end baffle (6) are respectively arranged between the two side baffles (7), the rear end baffle (8) is fixedly and hermetically connected with the two side baffles (7), and the front end baffle (6) is slidably and hermetically connected with the two side baffles (7);
the experimental box further comprises a fracture zone trend plate (10) with a right trapezoid cross section, the fracture zone trend plate (10) is arranged between the two side baffles (7) and is paved on the experimental table (5), and the longer right-angle side of the fracture zone trend plate (10) is parallel to the front end baffle (6) and is fixed on the front end baffle (6);
the power output end of the driving assembly (1) is connected with the front end baffle (6) to drive the front end baffle (6) to move along the length direction of the experiment table (5);
the information acquisition end of the information acquisition component (2) is positioned right above the experiment box;
the control signal output end of the control analyzer (3) is connected with the signal input end of the driving assembly (1), and the signal input end of the control analyzer (3) is connected with the information acquisition assembly (2) and simulates the stress field direction of the geological history period according to the information acquired by the information acquisition assembly (2).
2. An experimental device for determining the direction of a geological stress field according to claim 1, wherein: the information acquisition assembly (2) comprises an industrial camera (14), an illuminating lamp bracket (11) and an LED photographic lamp (12) on the fixed illuminating lamp bracket (11), wherein a lens of the industrial camera (14) is positioned right above the experimental box.
3. An experimental device for determining the direction of a geological stress field according to claim 1, wherein: the driving assembly (1) comprises a motor base (15), a toothless screw (16), a fixing part (17), a stepping motor (18), a reduction gearbox (19) and a tooth-stepped screw (20);
the motor base (15) is fixedly arranged on the experiment table (5), the stepping motor (18) is arranged on the motor base (15), the power output end of the stepping motor (18) is connected with one end of the elevator screw (20) through the reduction gearbox (19), and the other end of the elevator screw (20) is in threaded connection with the fixing part (17);
the motor base (15) is characterized in that a through hole is formed in the lower portion of the motor base, one end of the toothless screw (16) penetrates through the through hole and is fixedly connected with the front end baffle (6), the toothless screw (16) is slidably connected with the through hole, and the other end of the toothless screw (16) is fixedly connected with the fixing part (17).
4. An experimental device for determining the direction of a geological stress field according to claim 3, wherein: the two toothless screws (16) are arranged, two through holes are formed in the lower portion of the motor base (15), one ends of the two toothless screws (16) respectively penetrate through the corresponding two through holes to be fixedly connected with the front end baffle (6), and the other ends of the two toothless screws (16) are fixedly connected with the fixing part (17).
5. The apparatus for determining the direction of a geological stress field according to claim 4, wherein: the driving assembly (1) further comprises an indicator lamp (21) for indicating the rotation direction of the stepping motor (18).
6. An experimental method for determining the direction of a geological stress field is characterized by comprising the following steps: the experimental device for determining the direction of the geological stress field according to claim 5 comprises the following specific steps:
s1: producing a group of fracture zone trend plates (10) simulating the pre-existing linear fracture of a substrate, wherein the group of fracture zone trend plates (10) with the g th fracture zone is N in number g The complementary angle recorded as alpha g ,g＝1,2,…N；
S2: setting a light source intake angle of the LED photography lamp (12) so that the LED photography lamp (12) is shot into the experiment box at 45 degrees, and setting shooting interval time t of the information acquisition assembly (2);
s3: selecting a g-th fracture zone trend plate (10) and tiling the g-th fracture zone trend plate (10) on a laboratory bench (5), wherein g=1, 2, … N;
according to the geologic history period to be simulated, selecting correspondent simulation material, according to the ratio of total thickness of sand layer to actual thickness of stratum 10 -5 :1, paving a simulation material in an experiment box in a proportion, wherein a marking layer is paved at intervals of 0.5cm in thickness in the paving process, and the marking layer is colored quartz sand;
s4: the analyzer (3) is controlled to act in the stepping motor (18) so that the horizontal movement of the fracture zone trend plate (10) simulates the oblique stretching effect; starting an experiment, stopping working of the stepping motor (18) when the displacement of the fracture zone trend plate (10) reaches the maximum extension distance, and stopping shooting by the information acquisition assembly (2);
s5: when MB-rule software is used for measuring movement stop of fracture zone trend board (10), angle beta between trend oblique side of fracture zone trend board (10) and each new fracture in overlying sand layer, which is acquired by photo shot by information acquisition component (2) i I=1, 2, … n, and then the average value is calculated
S6: if the average value obtained at present
Mean value from previous acquisition ∈ ->
Error of (2)<Let g=g+1 at ±3%, and execute the next step, otherwise return to S3;
s7: if g is more than N, executing the next step, otherwise returning to S3;
s8: with alpha g And
establishing a scatter diagram, selecting all data to fit a second-order function trend line, and establishing a second-order curve equation between alpha and beta, wherein alpha represents inclination, and beta represents an included angle between a new fracture in a sand-coated layer and a fracture trend of a pre-existing substrate;
and establishing a relation between beta and theta, wherein theta represents the normal line of fracture trend of the pre-existing substrate and the maximum principal stress axis sigma 1 The included angle can obtain the direction of the stress field simulating the period of the new fracture activity.
7. The method of determining the direction of a geological stress field according to claim 6, wherein: the moving speed of the fracture zone trend plate (10) in the step S4 is 0.01cm/min.
8. The method of determining the direction of a geological stress field according to claim 6, wherein: the second order curve equation between α and β in S7 is:
β＝b 0 +b 1 α+b 1 α 2 (1) Wherein b 0 、b 1 、b 2 Is constant.
9. The method of determining the direction of a geological stress field according to claim 8, wherein: determining b in S7 0 、b 1 、b 2 The procedure for the constant values is as follows:
let x 1 ＝α,x 2 ＝α 2 Then formula (1) is converted to formula (2):
β＝b 0 +b 1 x 1 +b 1 x 2 (2) Unknown parameter b in multiple linear regression according to least square method principle 0 、b 1 、b 2 Satisfying the formula (3) to a minimum;
respectively find Q pair b 0 、b 1 、b 2 And let them equal to zero;
sorting to give the information about b 0 、b 1 、b 2 Is a linear equation set of (2)
Introduction matrix
X’XB＝X’ β (9)
And (3) calculating to obtain:
then
W k ＝cos(α)(11)W k =sin 2 θ (12) where W k Is kinematic vorticity.
10. The method of determining the direction of a geological stress field according to claim 6, wherein: the relation between beta and theta in S7 is as follows:
β＝4b 2 θ 2 -(360b 2 +2b 1 ) θ+(8100b 2 +90b 1 +b 0 ) (13)。
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