CN110297069B - Fractured coal seam friction slip simulation test device and method - Google Patents
Fractured coal seam friction slip simulation test device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for a friction slip simulation test of a fractured coal seam, wherein the device comprises a machine body; the coal seam clamps comprise 2 vertically arranged coal seams for clamping the coal seams to be tested, and the coal seam surfaces to be tested clamped by the 2 coal seam clamps are oppositely arranged; the vertical moving device is used for driving the coal seam clamp to vertically move; the horizontal moving device is used for driving the coal seam clamp to move horizontally; and the recording device is used for recording image data in the relative motion of the coal seam to be tested. The device and the method for simulating the friction slip of the fractured coal seam can realize the friction slip test of the coal seam and the fatigue test of the coal seam at different fracture angles under different ambient pressures, obtain the micro deformation phenomenon of a slip interface and a fatigue interface of the coal seam through a real-time shot video, and reveal the evolution rule and the formation mechanism of a friction surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal seam test equipment, in particular to a device and a method for simulating friction slip of a fractured coal seam.
Background
In recent years, due to the needs of commercial exploitation of coal bed gas and safe production of coal mines, tectonic coal has become the focus of research of a large number of researchers, and tectonic coal reservoirs often contain abundant coal bed gas resources due to high adsorbability and low permeability, and meanwhile, the gas outburst risk in the exploitation process is increased. Therefore, in order to realize safe and effective exploitation of coal bed gas, the deformation mechanism and physical property characteristics of structural coal become difficult problems to be solved urgently. After the coal bed is subjected to stress action, the coal body structure can be subjected to brittle fracture, breakage, superimposed failure and even toughness deformation, and simultaneously, due to the influence of self-weight stress and structural stress, the coal bed can be subjected to dislocation and friction sliding along a fracture surface, so that associated structures such as friction surfaces, scratches, steps and the like are formed. The friction surface is a result of shearing and rubbing action between broken coal bodies, is caused by structural stress release, and is helpful for revealing the deformation mechanism and physical property characteristics of a structural coal bed based on friction surface deformation characteristics and formation mechanism research, so that theoretical basis is provided for coal mine safety mining, fault sliding risk assessment and mine dynamic geological disaster prevention.
In the 70 s of the 20 th century, foreign scholars paid attention to the development characteristics of the surface of structural coal, and observed the surface of the coal to have microcracks, fine wrinkles, sliding and streak traces by using a scanning electron microscope, but the forming mechanism of the coal is not explained. The study of the structural coal friction surface by scholars in China in the 80 th century includes the study of the possible development position of the friction surface in a coal seam, the observation of structural forms such as scratches, steps, sliding stripes and the like on the friction surface and the judgment of the structural motion direction. And the classification standard is formulated according to the deformation characteristics of the friction surface, and the related development and crossing effect of the friction surface is revealed. However, the research objects are coal seam friction surfaces after stress release, and development rules of the friction surfaces in the stress action process are not researched, so that the evolution rules of the friction surfaces need to be dynamically monitored in real time, deformation characteristics of the friction surfaces before and after stress release are contrastively analyzed, and the research objects have important significance for researching a coal seam deformation mechanism and reducing the true stress state of the coal seam.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects, the invention provides a simulation test device for the friction slip of a fractured coal seam, which has the following specific technical scheme:
a simulation test device for friction and slippage of a fractured coal seam comprises
A body;
the coal seam clamps comprise 2 vertically arranged coal seams for clamping the coal seams to be tested, and the coal seam surfaces to be tested clamped by the 2 coal seam clamps are oppositely arranged;
the vertical moving device is used for driving the coal seam clamp to vertically move;
the horizontal moving device is used for driving the coal seam clamp to move horizontally;
the recording equipment is used for recording image data in relative motion of a coal seam to be tested and comprises a camera support, the camera support is a vertical rod with a pulley at the bottom, a camera adapter is connected to the vertical rod in a sliding mode, and a high-speed camera is connected to the camera adapter.
As an improvement of this scheme, the organism includes the platform, is provided with the bottom plate on the platform, is provided with vertical collateral branch board on the bottom plate, but be provided with on the bottom plate and drive horizontal migration's lower slip table by step motor, but be provided with on the collateral branch board and drive vertical removal's last slip table by step motor No. two, be provided with the coal seam anchor clamps on last slip table and the lower slip table.
As an improvement of the scheme, the camera adapter comprises a connecting piece, a through sliding connecting hole and a camera connecting hole are formed in the connecting piece, the sliding connecting hole and the camera connecting hole are perpendicular to each other and are respectively arranged on two sides of the connecting piece, strip-shaped openings are formed in the sliding connecting hole and the camera connecting hole on the connecting piece, and a height adjusting bolt and a camera fixing bolt are respectively arranged on the connecting piece and are perpendicular to the strip-shaped openings to control the opening and closing degree.
As an improvement of the scheme, the coal seam clamp comprises two fixing plates which are arranged on a flat plate in parallel, the fixed plates are vertical flat plates, a guide rod and a lead screw which are parallel are arranged between the two fixed plates, the end part of the lead screw is movably connected with at least one fixed plate and can rotate, a movable plate is arranged between the two fixed plates and comprises a fixed part and a movable part, the fixed part is in threaded connection with the lead screw, and is movably connected with the guide rod, the fixed part can move along the axis of the guide rod under the rotation of the lead screw, the top of the fixed part is also connected with the movable part through a screw, the movable part is a vertical flat plate, a parallel clamp fixing piece is arranged between the movable plate and one of the fixed plates, the clamp fixing piece is of a flat plate structure, the movable plate and the fixed plate are connected with the fixture fixing part in a positioning way through the positioning bulges and the positioning grooves.
As an improvement of the scheme, the end part of the coal seam clamp screw is connected with a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is shaken to control the screw to rotate.
As an improvement of the scheme, a three-dimensional force sensor is arranged between the coal seam clamp and the upper sliding table or the lower sliding table.
As an improvement of this scheme, the high-speed camera level sets up, and camera lens level aims at the coal seam that waits to test in the coal seam anchor clamps, go up still vertically on slip table or the lower slip table and be provided with first camera, the coal seam that waits to test in the vertical directional coal seam anchor clamps of camera lens.
As a modification of the scheme, the movable part is set to be different in height and can be replaced.
As an improvement of the scheme, the top of the fixture fixing piece is inclined, included angles between the inclined plane and the horizontal plane are respectively 0 degree, 20 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees, and the fixture fixing piece at each inclined angle is provided with different widths.
A simulation test method for friction slip of a fractured coal seam comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a clamp fixing piece according to experimental requirements, clamping the side positioning bulges of the movable plate and the fixed plate with the side positioning grooves of the clamp fixing piece, and reserving a telescopic gap;
b. sticking stress sheets on the inner side wall of a box-packed structure consisting of a movable plate, a fixed plate and a clamp fixing piece, and putting a coal seam to be tested;
c. shaking the hand wheel to enable the movable plate and the fixed plate to approach each other, and enabling the pressure value measured by the stress sheet to reach the test requirement value;
d. respectively installing a coal seam clamp on the upper sliding table and the lower sliding table;
e. controlling a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor to drive the coal seam clamp to move mutually, so that the surface of the coal seam to be tested is contacted, rubbed and slid;
f. and e, shooting the coal seam contact surface video and the static image in the step e by using a high-speed camera and a first camera.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme adopted by the invention has the technical effects that:
1. the device for simulating the friction and the sliding of the fractured coal seam can realize the friction and the sliding test of the coal seam and the fatigue test of the coal seam at different fracture angles under different ambient pressures, obtain the micro deformation phenomenon of a sliding interface and a fatigue interface of the coal seam through a real-time shot video, and reveal the evolution rule and the formation mechanism of a friction surface.
2. The invention discloses a broken coal seam friction slip simulation test device which dynamically monitors the development and deformation characteristics of a broken coal seam friction slip surface in real time based on a microscale, summarizes the evolution rule of the broken coal seam friction slip surface, reveals the development mechanism of a simulated friction surface, compares and analyzes the development mechanism with the friction surface after stress release, and explains the deformation mechanism and physical properties of a constructed coal seam; and meanwhile, the deformation of a contact interface of the coal seam under alternating load is discussed, and the change rule of the coal seam is researched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation test device for friction slip of the fractured coal seam;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the clamp;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the fixed plate and the movable plate;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the connecting structure of the fixed plate and the movable plate;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of part I;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the camera adaptor;
reference numerals: 1. a camera number one; 2. a side support plate; 3. a coal seam is laid; 4. a lower clamp; 5. a first stepping motor; 6. a lower sliding table; 7. a base plate; 8. a platform; 9. a second stepping motor; 10. a coupling; 11. an upper sliding table; 12. a three-dimensional force sensor; 13. an upper clamp; 14. putting a coal seam; 15. a high-speed camera; 16. a camera adapter; 17. a camera support; 18. a screw; 19. a movable part of the movable plate; 20. a fixing plate; 21. a movable plate fixing portion; 22. a clamp fixing member; 23. a hand wheel; 24. a guide bar; 25. a lead screw; 26. a positioning protrusion; 27. a connecting member; 28. a sliding connection hole; 29. a height adjustment bolt; 30. a camera attachment hole; 31. camera fixing bolt.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout.
Fig. 1 shows a simulation test device for friction and slippage of a fractured coal seam, which comprises a machine body, wherein the machine body comprises a platform 8, a bottom plate 7 is arranged on the platform 8, a vertical side supporting plate 2 is arranged on the bottom plate 7, a lower sliding table 6 which is driven by a stepping motor 5 to move horizontally is arranged on the bottom plate 7, an upper sliding table 11 which is driven by a stepping motor 9 to move vertically is arranged on the side supporting plate 2, and coal seam clamps are arranged on the upper sliding table 11 and the lower sliding table 6. A three-dimensional force sensor 12 is arranged between the coal seam clamp and the upper sliding platform 11. Still vertically being provided with first camera on the upper sliding table 11, the coal seam of waiting to test in the vertical directional coal seam anchor clamps of camera lens.
A camera support 17 is arranged in front of the machine body, the camera support 17 is a vertical rod with a pulley at the bottom, a camera adapter 16 is connected to the vertical rod in a sliding mode, and a high-speed camera 15 is connected to the camera adapter 16. The high-speed camera 15 is horizontally arranged, and the camera lens is horizontally aligned with a coal seam to be tested in the coal seam clamp.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the device comprises two fixed plates 20 arranged in parallel on a flat plate, the fixed plates 20 are vertical flat plates, a guide rod 24 and a screw rod are arranged in parallel between the two fixed plates 20, the end of the screw rod is movably connected with at least one fixed plate 20 and can rotate, a movable plate is arranged between the two fixed plates 20, the movable plate comprises a fixed part and a movable part, the fixed part 21 of the movable plate is connected with the screw rod in a threaded manner, and is movably connected with a guide rod 24, the movable plate fixing part 21 can realize the movement along the axis of the guide rod 24 under the rotation of the screw rod, the top of the movable plate fixing part 21 is also connected with a movable plate moving part 19 through a screw 18, the movable plate moving part 19 is a vertical flat plate, a parallel clamp fixing part 22 is arranged between the movable plate and one of the fixed plates 20, as shown in fig. 5, the movable and fixed plates 20 are positionally connected with the jig fixing member 22 by means of positioning protrusions and positioning grooves. The movable part 19 of the movable plate is arranged at different heights and can be replaced. The clamp fixing pieces 22 are four in number, the tops of the clamp fixing pieces are inclined, and included angles between the inclined planes and the horizontal plane are respectively 0 degree, 20 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees.
As shown in fig. 6, the camera adaptor 16 includes a connecting member 27, a sliding connecting hole 28 and a camera connecting hole 30 are formed in the connecting member 27, the sliding connecting hole 28 and the camera connecting hole 30 are perpendicular to each other and are respectively formed on two sides of the connecting member 27, and a strip-shaped opening is formed in the connecting member 27, and a height adjusting bolt 29 and a camera fixing bolt 31 are respectively formed in the connecting member 27 perpendicular to the strip-shaped opening to control the opening and closing degree of the opening.
A simulation test method for friction slip of a fractured coal seam comprises the following steps:
a. selecting a clamp fixing piece 22 according to experimental requirements, clamping the lateral positioning bulges of the movable plate and the fixed plate 20 with the lateral positioning grooves of the clamp fixing piece 22 and reserving a telescopic gap;
b. sticking stress sheets on the inner side wall of a box-packed structure consisting of a movable plate, a fixed plate 20 and a clamp fixing part 22, and putting a coal seam to be tested;
c. shaking the hand wheel 23 to make the movable plate and the fixed plate 20 close, and the pressure value measured by the stress sheet reaches the test requirement value;
d. respectively installing a coal seam clamp on the upper sliding table 11 and the lower sliding table 6;
e. controlling a first stepping motor 5 and a second stepping motor 9 to drive the coal seam clamp to move mutually, so that the surface of the coal seam to be tested is contacted, rubbed and slid;
f. and e, shooting the coal seam contact surface video and the static image in the step e by using the high-speed camera 15 and the first camera.
For convenience of description, the coal seam clamp connected to the upper sliding table 11 is referred to as an upper clamp 13, and the coal seam clamp connected to the lower sliding table 6 is referred to as a lower clamp 4. In the test, an upper jig 13 is fixed to the upper slide 11 by bolts, a three-dimensional force sensor 12 is placed between the upper jig 13 and the slide, the upper and lower coal seam 3 are placed in the upper jig 13 and the lower jig 4, respectively, and the lower jig 4 is placed on the lower slide 6 on the bottom plate 7.
No. two step motor 9 drive the motion of upper sliding table 11, exert pressure for upper and lower coal seam 3, record the pressure in coal seam through three-dimensional force sensor 12, when pressure reached a certain fixed value, lower sliding table 6 began to move, and upper sliding table 11 also need the simultaneous movement this moment, guarantees that the pressure between the coal seam is unchangeable to realize the coal seam friction slippage test under the constant pressure.
When a coal bed fatigue test is required, the lower sliding table 6 is kept still, alternating stress is applied to the coal bed through the up-down movement of the upper sliding table 11, and the fatigue test of a fractured coal bed can be realized at the moment.
In order to ensure that the pressure between coal beds is not changed, constant pressure adjustment is carried out through a pressure control system. The principle is as follows: the three-dimensional force sensor 12 measures the pressure between coal seams, the included angle between the inclined plane of the coal seam and the horizontal plane is theta, the tangential force measured by the three-dimensional force sensor 12 is F1, and then the friction force of the contact surface of the coal seam is F = F1/cos theta. Converting the received pressure into a current signal, and comparing the measured pressure signal with a given pressure value by a comparison device to generate a deviation signal; the deviation signal is applied to the stepping motor through the pressure controller and moves according to the given signal, thereby ensuring that the pressure between the two coal layers is a constant value.
When the coal seam clamp clamps a coal seam, a strain foil can be attached to one side of the interior of the coal seam clamp to record the pressure of the coal seam, the coal seam is clamped through shaking a hand wheel 23, and when the pressure reaches a certain fixed value, a proper clamp fixing piece 22 is selected to be inserted between a fixed plate 20 and a movable plate to lock the clamp, so that the pressure of the coal seam is guaranteed to be unchanged. The fixture fixing member 22 has a plurality of sets, and the inclined angles of the upper side of the fixture fixing member are respectively 0 degree, 20 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees, and the fixture fixing member has different widths and is used for performing friction sliding tests of coal beds with different inclined angles.
The first camera 1 is fixed on the upper sliding table 11 through bolts, and the surface appearance of the interface of the upper coal seam 3 and the lower coal seam 3 after sliding can be monitored in real time under the condition of no disassembly. The high-speed camera 15 is a Scheink super-depth-of-field three-dimensional microscope VW-9000C, can shoot a friction sliding test of the coal seam in real time, obtains the microscopic deformation and sliding of the coal seam at a contact position through self-contained tracking software, and researches the dynamic friction contact and sliding rule of the coal seam; the camera adaptor 16 is used to connect the high-speed camera 15 and the camera bracket 17, so as to ensure that the high-speed camera 15 can stably shoot.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A simulation test device for friction and slippage of fractured coal seam is characterized by comprising
A body;
the coal seam clamps comprise 2 vertically arranged coal seams for clamping the coal seams to be tested, and the coal seam surfaces to be tested clamped by the 2 coal seam clamps are oppositely arranged;
the vertical moving device is used for driving the coal seam clamp to vertically move;
the horizontal moving device is used for driving the coal seam clamp to move horizontally;
the recording equipment is used for recording image data in relative motion of a coal seam to be tested and comprises a camera support, wherein the camera support is a vertical rod with a pulley at the bottom, a camera adapter is connected to the vertical rod in a sliding mode, and a high-speed camera is connected to the camera adapter;
the machine body comprises a platform, a bottom plate is arranged on the platform, a vertical side supporting plate is arranged on the bottom plate, a lower sliding table which can move horizontally and is driven by a first stepping motor is arranged on the bottom plate, an upper sliding table which can move vertically and is driven by a second stepping motor is arranged on the side supporting plate, and coal bed clamps are arranged on the upper sliding table and the lower sliding table;
the camera adapter comprises a connecting piece, a through sliding connecting hole and a camera connecting hole are formed in the connecting piece, the sliding connecting hole and the camera connecting hole are perpendicular to each other and are respectively arranged on two sides of the connecting piece, strip-shaped openings are formed in the sliding connecting hole and the camera connecting hole on the connecting piece, and a height adjusting bolt and a camera fixing bolt are respectively arranged on the connecting piece perpendicular to the strip-shaped openings to control the opening and closing degree of the openings;
the coal seam clamp comprises two fixing plates which are arranged on a flat plate in parallel, the fixing plates are vertical flat plates, parallel guide rods and lead screws are arranged between the two fixing plates, the end part of the screw rod is movably connected with at least one fixed plate and can rotate, a movable plate is arranged between the two fixed plates, the movable plate comprises a fixed part and a movable part, the fixed part is in threaded connection with the screw rod, and is movably connected with the guide rod, the fixed part can move along the axis of the guide rod under the rotation of the lead screw, the top of the fixed part is also connected with the movable part through a screw, the movable part is a vertical flat plate, a parallel clamp fixing piece is arranged between the movable plate and one of the fixed plates, the clamp fixing piece is of a flat plate structure, the movable plate and the fixed plate are connected with the fixture fixing part in a positioning way through the positioning bulges and the positioning grooves.
2. The device for simulating the friction slip of the fractured coal seam according to claim 1, wherein a hand wheel is connected to the end of the lead screw of the coal seam clamp, and the hand wheel is shaken to control the lead screw to rotate.
3. The device for simulating the friction slip of the fractured coal seam according to claim 2, wherein a three-dimensional force sensor is arranged between the coal seam clamp and the upper sliding table or the lower sliding table.
4. The friction slippage simulation test device for the fractured coal seam according to claim 3, wherein the high-speed camera is horizontally arranged, the camera lens is horizontally aligned with the coal seam to be tested in the coal seam clamp, the first camera is vertically arranged on the upper sliding table or the lower sliding table, and the camera lens vertically points to the coal seam to be tested in the coal seam clamp.
5. The device for simulating friction and slippage of a fractured coal seam according to claim 4, wherein the movable part is arranged to be different in height and can be replaced.
6. The device for simulating the friction slip of a fractured coal seam according to claim 1, wherein the top of the clamp fixing piece is inclined, the inclined plane of the clamp fixing piece has included angles of 0 degrees, 20 degrees, 40 degrees and 60 degrees with the horizontal plane, and the clamp fixing piece at each inclined angle is provided with different widths.
7. A test method of the broken coal seam friction slip simulation test device based on claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. selecting a clamp fixing piece according to experimental requirements, clamping the side positioning bulges of the movable plate and the fixed plate with the side positioning grooves of the clamp fixing piece, and reserving a telescopic gap;
b. sticking stress sheets on the inner side wall of a box-packed structure consisting of a movable plate, a fixed plate and a clamp fixing piece, and putting a coal seam to be tested;
c. shaking the hand wheel to enable the movable plate and the fixed plate to approach each other, and measuring the pressure value by the stress sheet to reach the test requirement value;
d. respectively installing a coal seam clamp on the upper sliding table and the lower sliding table;
e. controlling a first stepping motor and a second stepping motor to drive the coal seam clamp to move mutually, so that the surface of the coal seam to be tested is contacted, rubbed and slid;
f. and e, shooting the coal seam contact surface video and the static image in the step e by using a high-speed camera and a first camera.
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| CN112326831B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-08-16 | 安徽理工大学 | Coal rock torsional friction comprehensive experiment system |
| CN113192403B (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2023-04-14 | 河北地质大学华信学院 | System for simulating formation of geological fault |
| CN114838852B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-05-30 | 重庆科技学院 | Experimental device and experimental method for determining direction of geological stress field |
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