CN114833905A - 一种基于pdms/蜡烛烟灰的光热功能型超疏水储能木材及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种基于pdms/蜡烛烟灰的光热功能型超疏水储能木材及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种基于PDMS/蜡烛烟灰的光热功能型超疏水储能木材及制备方法。以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为中间桥梁，将具有优异光热转换功能的蜡烛烟灰固定在储能木材表面。蜡烛烟灰在负载过程中于储能木材表面形成了纳米级三维网络结构，太阳光在其表面被吸收转换成热能的同时，进入三维网络结构内部的太阳光会被反射多次直至吸收。PDMS作为储能木材与蜡烛烟灰中间桥梁的同时，为蜡烛烟灰颗粒形成的纳米级凹凸结构提供了低表面能，在光热储能木材表面构筑了超疏水涂层。所制备的超疏水储能木材具有自清洁的功能，使其可长期应用于太阳能热转换领域而免受污染物的影响，具有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种基于PDMS/蜡烛烟灰的光热功能型超疏水储能木材及制备方法，属于相变储能新材料研究领域。
背景技术
建筑节能技术是随着社会发展、环境保护以及人民生活需求而发展的，合理应用建筑节能技术，对于降低能源消耗、减少大气污染、提高人民生活质量等具有重要意义。太阳能是一种清洁可再生能源，资源丰富、廉价易得，有效利用太阳能是缓解能源供需矛盾、减少环境污染的有效途径。但太阳能的间歇性与不稳定性以及太阳能储热系统造价成本较高的问题限制了其发展与运用。相变储热能技术是一种解决太阳能间歇性与不稳定性导致的能源利用率低问题的有效方法，但相变储热材料存在着液相形态时的易渗漏问题。木材由于其优良的性能、较高的强重比和良好的保温和隔音降噪性能，使得其在建筑节能领域具有较大的发展潜力，充分发掘以木材为基材的建筑节能技术，对推动我们建筑行业适应时代发展需求和市场竞争力具有重要意义。
木材作为一种天然多级孔隙结构材料，利用其多孔隙与相变材料之间的范德华力、毛细作用对相变材料进行封装，可解决相变储能材料的渗漏问题，同时为木材应用于建筑节能提供了一个新的思路。目前，相变材料与木材复合制备的储能木材存在两个问题，一是木材本身的吸湿性，使其在使用过程中易于受环境湿度的影响而发生变形、腐朽等问题，同时也会造成相变材料的渗漏或性能不稳定；另外，相变储能材料只能进行热能的储存与释放，并不能直接应用于太阳能热利用领域，而木材也不能将光能转换为热能。因此，需要对其进行光热功能化的改进。
基于以上背景，本发明在储能木材表面构筑光热响应功能及超疏水界面，选用蜡烛烟灰作为储能木材的光热功能强化粒子。然而纯蜡烛烟灰纳米碳颗粒之间仅存在物理结合，结合强度较弱，轻微晃动便会对其造成破坏。而由于光热转换涂层日常使用过程中，易于沉底灰尘等污染物而影响其光热转化效率。若利用物理机械方法进行除尘处理，势必会对涂层进行损坏。对此，本发明将利用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为中间强梁，在增强蜡烛烟灰纳米碳颗粒之间的机械强度的同时，赋予蜡烛烟灰涂层低表面能，构筑超疏水功能化涂层。超疏水涂层的构筑，赋予储能木材自清洁性能，同时也能阻隔外界水分，使木材免受腐朽的影响。本发明原料价格低廉、制备方法工艺简便、易于控制、能耗低，提高了木材的使用价值与应用潜力，为太阳能资源的高效利用提供了新的思路。
发明内容
本发明提供一种基于PDMS/蜡烛烟灰的光热功能型超疏水储能木材及制备方法。该制备方法原料价格低廉、工艺简便、易于控制、能耗低，提高了木材的在建筑节能领域的使用价值与其在太阳能热利用领域的应用潜力。
本发明所采用的技术方案为：一种基于PDMS/蜡烛烟灰的光热功能型超疏水储能木材及制备方法，其具体步骤如下：
(1)利用亚氯酸钠和冰醋酸脱除轻木细胞壁中的木质素，以提高其对相变储能材料的渗透性，增大负载率，亚氯酸钠溶液中亚氯酸钠质量分数为10％，反应温度为80℃，反应时间为3h；
(2)将脱除完木质素的轻木用去离子水清洗，然后放入-18℃冰箱中保持12h后，用冷冻干燥机进行干燥，冷冻干燥时间为48h；
(3)将熔融的石蜡与木材按照体积比20:1放入真空干燥箱中，采用真空浸渍法制备得到储能木材，真空度为-0.1MPa，处理时间为4h，期间每过1h进行一次充气与抽真空；
(4)将聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)预聚体、固化剂、正己烷按照质量比10:1:10进行搅拌共混制备PDMS稀释液，搅拌时间为45min，搅拌温度为室温；
(5)将(4)中得到的PDMS稀释液用雾化器喷洒在储能木材表面后，将储能木材移至蜡烛火焰上方，距离蜡烛灯芯1.5-2cm，保持储能木材快速移动使其表面均匀负载蜡烛烟灰，得到以PDMS/蜡烛烟灰为光热-超疏水功能涂层的储能木材。
(4)优选地，所述步骤(5)中，将喷洒PDMS稀释液后的储能木材在室温下静置3h后再次喷洒稀释液，以此作为蜡烛烟灰负载的前驱体。
本发明具有以下优点：
1.相较于现有木材超疏水涂层的构筑方法，本发明原料价格低廉，用量少，稳定性好，受环境影响小，有利于产品的推广与利用。
2.蜡烛烟灰涂层具有小于太阳光波长的纳米尺度，有利于对太阳能最大程度的应用。
3.超疏水涂层为光热转换粒子提供了自清洁能力，能够使其免受污染物的影响。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。
下面结合具体实施事例，对本发明进行详细说明：
对比例
(1)利用亚氯酸钠和冰醋酸脱除轻木细胞壁中的木质素，以提高其对相变储能材料的渗透性，增大负载率，亚氯酸钠溶液中亚氯酸钠质量分数为10％，反应温度为80℃，反应时间为3h；
(2)将脱除完木质素的轻木用去离子水清洗，然后放入-18℃冰箱中保持12h后，用冷冻干燥机进行干燥，冷冻干燥时间为48h；
(3)将熔融的石蜡与轻木按照体积比20:1放入真空干燥箱中，选用真空浸渍法制备得到储能木材，真空度为-0.1MPa，处理时间为4h，期间每过1h进行一次充气与抽真空；
(4)将PDMS预聚体、固化剂、正己烷按照质量比10:1:10进行搅拌共混制备PDMS稀释液，搅拌时间为45min，搅拌温度为室温；
(5)将PDMS稀释液用雾化器喷洒在储能木材表面后，直接移至蜡烛火焰上方，距离蜡烛灯芯1.5-2cm，保持储能木材快速移动使其表面均匀负载蜡烛烟灰，得到具有以PDMS增强的蜡烛烟灰为光热-超疏水功能化涂层的储能木材。
实施例1
一种基于PDMS/蜡烛烟灰的光热功能型超疏水储能木材及制备方法，包括如下几个步骤：
(1)利用亚氯酸钠和冰醋酸脱除轻木细胞壁中的木质素，以提高其对相变储能材料的渗透性，增大负载率，亚氯酸钠溶液中亚氯酸钠质量分数为10％，反应温度为80℃，反应时间为3h；
(2)将脱除完木质素的轻木用去离子水清洗，然后放入-18℃冰箱中保持12h后，用冷冻干燥机进行干燥，冷冻干燥时间为48h；
(3)将熔融的石蜡与轻木按照体积比20:1放入真空干燥箱中，选用真空浸渍法制备得到储能木材，真空度为-0.1MPa，处理时间为4h，期间每过1h进行一次充气与抽真空；
(4)将PDMS预聚体、固化剂、正己烷按照质量比10:1:10进行搅拌共混制备PDMS稀释液，搅拌时间为45min，搅拌温度为室温；
(5)将PDMS稀释液用雾化器喷洒在储能木材表面并静置3h后，再次喷洒PDMS稀释液，然后将储能木材移至蜡烛火焰上方，距离蜡烛灯芯1.5-2cm，保持储能木材快速移动使其表面均匀负载蜡烛烟灰，得到具有以PDMS增强的蜡烛烟灰为光热-超疏水功能化涂层的储能木材。
实施例2
一种基于PDMS/蜡烛烟灰的光热功能型超疏水储能木材及制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下几个步骤：
(1)利用亚氯酸钠和冰醋酸脱除轻木细胞壁中的木质素，以提高其对相变储能材料的渗透性，增大负载率，亚氯酸钠溶液中亚氯酸钠质量分数为10％，反应温度为80℃，反应时间为3h；
(2)将脱除完木质素的轻木用去离子水清洗，然后放入-18℃冰箱中保持12h后，用冷冻干燥机进行干燥，冷冻干燥时间为48h；
(3)将熔融的石蜡与轻木按照体积比20:1放入真空干燥箱中，选用真空浸渍法制备得到储能木材，真空度为-0.1MPa，处理时间为4h，期间每过1h进行一次充气与抽真空；
(4)将PDMS预聚体、固化剂、正己烷按照质量比10:1:10进行搅拌共混制备PDMS稀释液，搅拌时间为45min，搅拌温度为室温；
(5)将PDMS稀释液用雾化器喷洒在储能木材表面并静置3h后，再次喷洒PDMS稀释液，然后将储能木材移至蜡烛火焰上方，距离蜡烛灯芯1.5-2cm，保持储能木材快速移动使其表面均匀负载蜡烛烟灰，得到具有以PDMS增强的蜡烛烟灰为光热-超疏水功能化涂层的储能木材。
结果对比
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (2)
1.一种基于PDMS/蜡烛烟灰的光热功能型超疏水储能木材及制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下几个步骤：
(1)利用亚氯酸钠和冰醋酸脱除轻木细胞壁中的木质素，以提高其对相变储能材料的渗透性，增大负载率，亚氯酸钠溶液中亚氯酸钠质量分数为10％，反应温度为80℃，反应时间为3h；
(2)将脱除木质素的轻木用去离子水清洗，然后放入-18℃冰箱中保持12h后，用冷冻干燥机进行干燥，冷冻干燥时间为48h；
(3)将熔融的石蜡与(2)中得到的轻木按照体积比20:1放入真空干燥箱中，选用真空浸渍法制备得到储能木材，真空度为-0.1MPa，处理时间为4h，期间每过1h进行一次充气与抽真空；
(4)将PDMS预聚体、固化剂、正己烷按照质量比10:1:10进行搅拌共混制备PDMS稀释液，搅拌时间为45min，搅拌温度为室温；
(5)将PDMS稀释液用雾化器喷洒在储能木材表面后，将储能木材移至蜡烛火焰上方，距离蜡烛灯芯1.5-2cm，保持储能木材快速移动使其表面均匀负载蜡烛烟灰，得到具有以PDMS增强的蜡烛烟灰为光热-超疏水功能化涂层的储能木材。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(5)中，将喷洒PDMS稀释液后的储能木材在室温下静置3-6h后再次喷洒稀释液，以此作为蜡烛烟灰负载的前驱体。
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