CN114833097A - Sorting method and device for gradient utilization of retired power batteries - Google Patents
Sorting method and device for gradient utilization of retired power batteries Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 124
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013211 curve analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012106 screening analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/16—Sorting according to weight
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/36—Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
- B07C5/38—Collecting or arranging articles in groups
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sorting method for gradient utilization of retired power batteries, which comprises the following steps: firstly, screening out batteries with poor appearance and liquid leakage, and then screening out batteries which are over-discharged in the using process by using a voltmeter; the method comprises the steps of charging a retired battery to a cut-off voltage in a constant-current mode, and then analyzing current change of the retired battery in a constant-voltage charging stage; starting a discharge test on the retired battery, dividing the discharge process into nine stages, screening and analyzing the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery each time one stage is completed, screening the retired battery meeting the first preset value condition for direct single use, and entering the next stage if the retired battery is not met; for the retired batteries screened in all stages, the retired batteries with consistency meeting the second preset value condition are regrouped and classified into module application occasions; the invention has the advantages that: the retired battery with the consistency meeting the requirement can be screened out, and the screening efficiency is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a sorting method and a sorting device for gradient utilization of retired power batteries.
Background
In recent years, the new energy automobile industry develops rapidly. The demand of the power battery serving as a core component of a new energy automobile is increased sharply. A power battery whose battery capacity has degraded to 80% is generally considered to be an "ex-service battery". However, in the actual recycling process, the reasons for the decommissioning of the battery are many. The deterioration of the performance of some modules or batteries can cause the decommissioning of all battery modules of the whole vehicle. If the battery is directly disassembled and scrapped, huge resource waste is caused, and the situation of lithium and other resource supply shortage is aggravated. The retired batteries still have high capacity and can be applied to the fields of energy storage, low-speed electric vehicles and the like.
However, the classification system of the retired power battery recycling industry is not sound, and most retired battery classification companies only use the capacity and the internal resistance as the basis for judging the health degree of the power battery. However, under such a simple and rough classification system, there is a great potential safety hazard in using secondary utilization equipment. Particularly, after a plurality of retired batteries with large charge-discharge characteristic differences are improperly recombined, the recombined battery module is easily overheated and even directly explodes. Research on the classification system of the retired battery and the consistency of the retired battery is urgent.
In the utilization process of the retired battery echelons, the retired batteries used for different echelons have different requirements on parameter performance. The single use occasion has lower requirements on the performance and consistency of the retired battery, but has higher requirements on the performance and consistency of the retired battery for the occasion of regrouping the retired battery. Therefore, the ex-service power battery echelon utilization sorting method is designed to meet the requirements of different ex-service battery echelon utilizations, is beneficial to reducing energy consumption and saving energy, and is beneficial to manufacturers to saving echelon utilization detection cost.
Chinese patent publication No. CN111580005A discloses a method and apparatus for rapidly sorting power batteries in echelon utilization, which solves the problems of too long sorting time and too high cost of battery modules in echelon utilization and incapability of simultaneously testing different performances of batteries. Measuring the open-circuit voltage of each single battery, and screening out a first batch of single batteries capable of being used in a gradient manner according to the open-circuit voltage; screening a second batch of battery monomers capable of being used in a echelon mode from a first batch of battery monomers capable of being used in a echelon mode by using a voltage change value testing method, and sorting according to voltage change values of a plurality of battery monomers; and screening a third batch of battery monomers capable of being used in the echelon by using a different-frequency impedance value testing method from the second batch of battery monomers capable of being used in the echelon, and sorting according to the impedance values of the plurality of battery monomers under different frequencies. But it just selects out the battery monomer, can not screen the battery that accords with corresponding application scenario according to the retired battery echelon utilization demand of difference, and screening efficiency is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the sorting method for the gradient utilization of the retired power battery in the prior art cannot screen batteries meeting corresponding application scenes according to different gradient utilization requirements of the retired battery, and the screening efficiency is low.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical means: a sorting method for gradient utilization of retired power batteries comprises the following steps:
firstly, screening out batteries with poor appearance and leakage, then screening out batteries which are over-discharged in the using process by using a voltmeter, wherein the screened batteries are used for disassembling;
the method comprises the steps of charging a retired battery to a cut-off voltage in a constant-current mode, analyzing current change of the retired battery in a constant-voltage charging stage, and directly disassembling batteries which do not meet requirements;
the method comprises the following steps of starting a discharge test on the retired battery, dividing a discharge process into nine stages (0-15% SOC, 15-25% SOC, 25-35% SOC, 35-45% SOC, 45-55% SOC, 55-65% SOC, 65-75% SOC, 75-85% SOC and 85-100% SOC are respectively one stage), dividing each stage into a discharge process, a standing process and a pulse process, screening and analyzing the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery when each stage is completed, screening the retired battery meeting a first preset value condition for direct single use, and entering the next stage if the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery meet the first preset value condition;
and for the retired batteries screened in all stages, the retired batteries with the consistency meeting the second preset value condition are regrouped and classified into module application occasions.
The sorting method comprises the steps of screening and removing batteries which obviously do not meet the requirements through grading screening, directly disassembling the batteries, then testing the discharged batteries, dividing the discharging process into nine stages, screening and analyzing the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired batteries, screening the retired batteries meeting the first preset value condition for direct single use, entering the next stage if the retired batteries which pass all the stages are not met, regrouping the retired batteries meeting the first preset value in consistency, classifying the retired batteries into module application occasions, screening out the out-dated batteries in the retired batteries in a short time, screening out the retired batteries meeting the requirements in consistency, screening the batteries meeting the corresponding application scenes according to the echelon utilization requirements of the retired batteries, and achieving high screening efficiency.
Further, the method for screening out the batteries with poor appearance and liquid leakage and then screening out the batteries with over discharge in the using process by using a voltmeter comprises the following steps:
the battery screening method comprises the steps of screening out batteries with bulges, depressions and electrolyte traces on the surfaces for disassembly, screening out the retired batteries with the weight lower than that of normal batteries by using an electronic scale for disassembly, directly using the retired batteries with the voltage lower than 0.5V for disassembly by using a voltmeter, and directly using the retired batteries with the voltage between 0.5V and the discharge cut-off voltage for the single use occasions.
Further, the analysis of the current change of the retired battery in the constant voltage charging stage is used for directly disassembling batteries which do not meet the requirements, and the method comprises the following steps:
calculating the integral value Q of the current and the time in the constant voltage stage C Introduction of Q into C The retired battery with the value exceeding three times of the standard Qc value of the battery is directly used for disassembly. The battery standard Qc value refers to a Qc value tested when the battery is just delivered from a factory, the Qc values of the batteries of the same type and the same voltage class when the batteries are delivered from the factory are identical, and the battery standard Qc value is preset according to actual conditions in practical application.
Wherein,
t 0 and t 1 Respectively the starting time and the ending time of the constant voltage phase of the battery charging. Wherein, the initial current of the constant voltage phase is 1C, and the ending current is 1/10C.
Further, the discharging process is divided into nine stages, and each stage is divided into a discharging process, a standing process and a pulse process, and the discharging process comprises the following steps: firstly, the retired battery is charged to a cut-off voltage according to a 1C current, then the retired battery is discharged according to the 1C current, the discharge time is calculated according to 10% of rated capacity, after the discharge is finished, the battery is placed for 10 minutes, the voltage change of the battery during the placing is recorded, after the placing, chemical reaction in the battery is stabilized, and then a pulse discharge experiment is carried out on the retired battery.
Furthermore, each time a stage is completed, the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed, and the analysis process includes:
each time of discharge, standing and pulse circulation, sorting and screening sorted retired batteries once for internal resistance and discharge voltage consistency, and allowing batteries meeting screening conditions to enter next discharge, standing and pulse circulation; batteries that do not meet the screening conditions are directly classified as single use cases.
Furthermore, each time a stage is completed, the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed, and the analyzed parameters include:
voltage in the charging and discharging process, standing ending voltage, internal resistance parameters in the pulse process and voltage parameters after pulse discharging is ended.
Furthermore, the first preset value condition for the direct monomer use of the retired battery meeting the first preset value condition is selected as follows:
internal resistance greater than beta R The characteristic moment voltage of charging is greater than beta c Discharge characteristic time voltage is less than beta d Wherein
β R ＝R new +0.8*(R new -R 80％ )
β c ＝V new,c +0.8*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
β d ＝V new,d -0.8*(V 80％,d -V new,d )
in the formula R new Indicating the calculated internal resistance, R, of a new battery of the same type 80％ The corresponding resistance value V of the retired battery representing that the capacity of the new battery of the same type is reduced to 80 percent of the rated capacity 80％,c The voltage V of the corresponding charging characteristic moment of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80 percent of the rated capacity new,c Representing the calculated charge characteristic time voltage, V, of a new battery of the same type new,d Voltage, V, representing the discharge characteristic time calculated for a new battery of the same type 80％,d And the voltage of the corresponding discharge characteristic moment of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80% of the rated capacity is represented.
Furthermore, the retired batteries with consistency meeting the second preset value condition are regrouped and classified into module application occasions, which include:
satisfies the internal resistance less than alpha R The characteristic time voltage of charging is less than alpha c Discharge characteristic time voltage is greater than alpha d The retired batteries are regrouped into groups that are classified as module applications, wherein,
α R ＝R new +0.2*(R new -R 80％ )
α c ＝V new,c +0.2*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
α d ＝V new,d -0.2*(V 80％,d -V new,d )。
the invention also provides a sorting device for gradient utilization of retired power batteries, which comprises:
the primary screening module is used for screening out batteries with poor appearance and liquid leakage, screening out batteries with excessive discharge in the using process by using a voltmeter, and disassembling the screened batteries;
the constant-current charging screening module is used for constant-current charging the retired battery to a cut-off voltage, analyzing the current change of the retired battery in a constant-voltage charging stage and directly disassembling batteries which do not meet the requirements;
the classified screening module is used for starting a discharge test on the retired battery, dividing a discharge process into nine stages, wherein each stage is divided into a discharge process, a standing process and a pulse process, screening and analyzing the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery when each stage is finished, screening the retired battery meeting a first preset value condition for direct single use, and entering the next stage if the internal resistance and the dynamic process are not met;
and the regrouping module is used for regrouping the retired batteries with the consistency meeting the second preset value condition for the retired batteries screened in all stages, and classifying the retired batteries into module application occasions.
Further, the method for screening out the batteries with poor appearance and liquid leakage and then screening out the batteries with over discharge in the using process by using a voltmeter comprises the following steps:
the battery screening method comprises the steps of screening out batteries with bulges, depressions and electrolyte traces on the surfaces for disassembly, screening out the retired batteries with the weight lower than that of the normal batteries by using an electronic scale for disassembly, directly using the retired batteries with the voltage lower than 0.5V for disassembly by using a voltmeter, and directly using the retired batteries with the voltage between 0.5V and the discharge cut-off voltage for the single use occasions.
Further, the analysis of the current change of the retired battery in the constant voltage charging stage is used for directly disassembling batteries which do not meet the requirements, and the method comprises the following steps:
calculating the integral value Q of the current and the time in the constant voltage stage C Is mixing Q with C The retired battery with the value exceeding three times of the standard Qc value of the battery is directly used for disassembly.
Further, the discharging process is divided into nine stages, and each stage is divided into a discharging process, a standing process and a pulse process, and the discharging process comprises the following steps: firstly, the retired battery is charged to a cut-off voltage according to a 1C current, then the retired battery is discharged according to the 1C current, the discharge time is calculated according to 10% of rated capacity, after the discharge is finished, the battery is placed for 10 minutes, the voltage change of the battery during the placing is recorded, after the placing, chemical reaction in the battery is stabilized, and then a pulse discharge experiment is carried out on the retired battery.
Furthermore, each time a stage is completed, the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed, and the analysis process includes:
each time of discharge, standing and pulse circulation, sorting and screening the sorted retired battery for one time according to the internal resistance and discharge voltage consistency, and entering next discharge, standing and pulse circulation for batteries which do not meet the first preset value condition; the batteries meeting the first preset value condition are directly classified as single utilization occasions.
Furthermore, each time a stage is completed, the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed, and the analyzed parameters include:
voltage in the charging and discharging process, standing ending voltage, internal resistance parameters in the pulse process and voltage parameters after pulse discharging is ended.
Furthermore, the first preset value condition for the direct monomer use of the retired battery meeting the first preset value condition is selected as follows:
internal resistance greater than beta R The characteristic moment voltage of charging is greater than beta c Discharge characteristic time voltage is less than beta d Wherein
β R ＝R new +0.8*(R new -R 80％ )
β c ＝V new,c +0.8*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
β d ＝V new,d -0.8*(V 80％,d -V new,d )
in the formula R new Indicating the calculated internal resistance, R, of a new battery of the same type 80％ The corresponding resistance value V of the retired battery representing that the capacity of the new battery of the same type is reduced to 80 percent of the rated capacity 80％,c The voltage V of the corresponding charging characteristic moment of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80 percent of the rated capacity new,c Representing the calculated charge characteristic time voltage, V, of a new battery of the same type new,d To representDischarge characteristic time voltage, V, calculated for new batteries of the same type 80％,d And the voltage of the corresponding discharge characteristic moment of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80% of the rated capacity is represented.
Furthermore, the retired batteries with consistency meeting the second preset value condition are regrouped and classified into module application occasions, which include:
satisfies the internal resistance less than alpha R The characteristic time voltage of charging is less than alpha c Discharge characteristic time voltage is greater than alpha d The retired batteries are regrouped into groups that are classified as module applications, wherein,
α R ＝R new +0.2*(R new -R 80％ )
α c ＝V new,c +0.2*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
α d ＝V new,d -0.2*(V 80％,d -V new,d )。
the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the sorting method firstly screens out batteries which obviously do not meet the requirements through classified screening, directly disassembles the batteries, then performs discharge test on the retired batteries, divides the discharge process into nine stages, performs screening analysis on the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired batteries, screens the retired batteries meeting the first preset value condition for direct single use, if the retired batteries which pass through all the stages are not met, the retired batteries meeting the second preset value condition in consistency are regrouped and classified into module application occasions, the out-dated batteries in the retired batteries can be screened out in a short time, the retired batteries meeting the requirements in consistency can be screened out, the batteries meeting the corresponding application scenes are screened according to the gradient utilization requirements of different retired batteries, and the screening efficiency is high.
(2) The screening method disclosed by the invention utilizes the residual energy of the battery to the maximum extent, is favorable for reducing energy consumption and saving energy, and is favorable for manufacturers to save echelon utilization detection cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a sorting method for echelon utilization of retired power batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit model in a sorting method for echelon utilization of retired power batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the voltage variation with time during the discharge test process of the sorting method for the echelon utilization of retired power batteries according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the change of current and voltage with time in the pulse process of a sorting method for the echelon utilization of retired power batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the variation of each parameter with capacity in the equivalent circuit model of the sorting method for the echelon utilization of the retired power battery disclosed in the embodiment of the present invention, where fig. 5(a), fig. 5(b), fig. 5(c), and fig. 5(d) are parameters R respectively 1c Parameter R 1d Parameter R 2c Parameter R 2d A schematic of capacity variation;
fig. 6 is a capacity distribution diagram before and after sorting in the sorting method for echelon utilization of retired power batteries according to the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 6(a) is the capacity distribution of the retired battery before sorting, and fig. 6(b) is the capacity distribution of the retired battery after screening through all stages;
FIG. 7 shows the energy conversion efficiency distribution before and after sorting in a sorting method for echelon utilization of retired power batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 7(a) is the energy conversion efficiency distribution of the retired battery before sorting, and fig. 7(b) is the energy conversion efficiency distribution of the retired battery after screening through all stages.
FIG. 8 is a voltage average value before and after sorting in the sorting method for echelon utilization of retired power batteries according to the embodiment of the present invention; fig. 8(a) is a voltage mean value in the retired battery screening process before sorting, and fig. 8(b) is a voltage mean value in the retired battery screening process after screening at all stages.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a sorting method for gradient utilization of retired power batteries includes:
s1, screening out batteries with poor appearance and liquid leakage at the early stage of classification, and screening out batteries which are over-discharged in the using process by using a voltmeter, wherein the screened-out batteries are used for disassembling; the specific process is as follows:
the battery screening method comprises the steps of screening out batteries with bulges, depressions and electrolyte traces on the surfaces for disassembly, screening out the retired batteries with the weight lower than that of the normal batteries by using an electronic scale for disassembly, directly using the retired batteries with the voltage lower than 0.5V for disassembly by using a voltmeter, and directly using the retired batteries with the voltage between 0.5V and the discharge cut-off voltage for the single use occasions.
S2, constant-current charging the retired battery to a cut-off voltage, analyzing the current change of the retired battery in a constant-voltage charging stage, and directly disassembling batteries which do not meet requirements; the specific process is as follows:
calculating integral value Q of current and time in constant voltage stage C Is mixing Q with C The retired battery with the value exceeding three times of the standard Qc value of the battery is directly used for disassembly.
S3, starting a discharge test on the retired battery, dividing the discharge process into nine stages, wherein each stage is divided into a discharge process, a standing process and a pulse process, and each stage is completed; the specific process is as follows: firstly, charging the retired battery to a cut-off voltage according to a 1C current, then discharging with the 1C current, calculating the discharge time by 10% of the rated capacity, after the discharge is finished, standing the battery for 10 minutes, recording the voltage change of the battery during the standing, stabilizing the chemical reaction in the battery after the standing, and then performing a pulse discharge experiment on the retired battery.
Wherein, every time a stage is completed, the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed, and the analysis process comprises the following steps: each time of discharge, standing and pulse circulation, sorting and screening the sorted retired battery for one time according to the internal resistance and discharge voltage consistency, and entering next discharge, standing and pulse circulation for batteries which do not meet the first preset value condition; the batteries meeting the first preset value condition are directly classified as single utilization occasions. Parameters analyzed included: voltage in the charging and discharging process, standing ending voltage, internal resistance parameters in the pulse process and voltage parameters after pulse discharging is ended.
S4, for the retired batteries screened in all stages, regrouping the retired batteries with consistency meeting the second preset value condition into groups, classifying the groups into module application occasions,
the first preset value condition describes a reference value for the ex-service battery to be directly used for cell use.
β R ＝R new +0.8*(R new -R 80％ )
β c ＝V new,c +0.8*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
β d ＝V new,d -0.8*(V 80％,d -V new,d )
In the formula, beta R ，β c ，β d Described are methods for calculating the internal resistance, the voltage at the charging characteristic time, and the voltage at the discharging characteristic time, respectively. Wherein the internal resistance of the retired battery directly used for the single body is larger than the corresponding beta R The charging characteristic time voltage should be greater than the corresponding beta c The discharge characteristic time voltage should be less than corresponding beta d 。R new Indicating the calculated internal resistance, R, of a new battery of the same type 80％ The corresponding resistance value V of the retired battery representing that the capacity of the new battery of the same type is reduced to 80 percent of the rated capacity 80％,c Representing the corresponding charging characteristics of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80 percent of the rated capacitySign time voltage, V new,c Representing the calculated charge characteristic time voltage, V, of a new battery of the same type new,d Voltage, V, representing the discharge characteristic time calculated for a new battery of the same type 80％,d And the voltage of the corresponding discharge characteristic moment of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80% of the rated capacity is represented. Wherein the charging characteristic time voltages include V in FIG. 4 2 、V 3 The discharge characteristic time point voltage includes V 4 、V 5 、V 6 、V 7 、V 8 Internal resistance includes R 1c 、R 1d 、R 2d 、R 2c 。
Two preset value conditions are respectively set for the sorting of the retired batteries: the second preset value condition describes a reference value that can be used for regrouping.
α R ＝R new +0.2*(R new -R 80％ )
α c ＝V new,c +0.2*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
α d ＝V new,d -0.2*(V 80％,d -V new,d )
In the formula, alpha R ，α c ，α d Described are methods for calculating the internal resistance, the voltage at the charging characteristic time, and the voltage at the discharging characteristic time, respectively. Wherein the internal resistance of the retired battery for recombination should be less than the corresponding alpha R The charging characteristic time voltage should be less than corresponding alpha c The discharge characteristic time voltage should be greater than corresponding alpha d 。
The method of the present invention is described in detail below by specific examples, and as shown in fig. 2, the constructing of the equivalent circuit model of the lithium ion battery includes: ohmic resistance (ohmic resistance may also be used), charge transfer resistance (internal resistance to charge transfer may also be used), capacitance, and equivalent electromotive force.
The SOC state of the retired battery obtained through recycling is unknown, so that the charging curve of the retired battery has less information which can be subjected to reference analysis. During the charging phase, the retired battery undergoes a constant voltage charging process. Along with the aging of the retired battery, the electric quantity Qc charged by the retired battery in the constant voltage stage gradually increases. Although the change speed of different batteries along with the aging Qc is greatly different, the batteries can be considered to have no secondary use value after the value of the Qc of the retired battery exceeds a certain range, and directly enter a disassembly stage. The sorting mechanism is beneficial to removing the poor-quality batteries at the initial stage of sorting, and the sorting efficiency of the whole retired batteries is improved.
Firstly, a retired battery with an unknown SOC state is fully charged, and a constant voltage stage in the charging process is analyzed. And screening out the batteries with abnormal charging stage and overlong duration of the constant voltage stage, and directly disassembling and recycling useful material components. Charging phase anomalies mean that the current drop rate is much slower than for a normal battery, i.e. Q C The value exceeds the battery standard Qc by three times.
The retired battery meeting the screening indexes in the constant voltage stage can enter a discharge curve analysis link. In the process, the capacity, the dynamic performance and the discharge curve of the retired battery are analyzed step by step. The retired battery with higher consistency is used for regrouping, and the battery with lower consistency and performance meeting the requirement is used for a single body recycling occasion; the decommissioned batteries with the performance not meeting the requirements directly enter a dismantling link. In order to save the classification time of the retired battery, the capacity, the dynamic performance and the discharge curve analysis should be intensively analyzed in one-time discharge process as much as possible. For this purpose, the invention proposes the following discharge process.
In order to analyze the consistency and remaining capacity of a retired battery, a combination of pulsing and discharging processes is required. As shown in fig. 3, the retired battery is subjected to a number of discharge, rest, and pulse processes during which the voltage change of the retired battery is recorded. The discharge process is divided into nine stages, and each stage is divided into a discharge process, a standing process and a pulse process. The discharge process is mainly used for conversion between different SOC stages, and the voltage variation during discharge can be used to analyze the consistency of different retired batteries. The standing process relieves the chemical reaction inside the battery and provides for observing the dynamic response of the battery in the pulse stage. Meanwhile, the battery voltage rising process in the standing process can also be used for analyzing the consistency and the state of the battery.
As shown in fig. 4, thereinAfter the pass, positive and negative current pulses are applied to the cell, respectively. The internal resistance and dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed. As shown in fig. 5, the internal resistance of the retired battery in the pulse phase may reflect the approximate capacity of the retired battery, which is one of the bases for screening the retired battery in the pulse phase according to the present invention. Wherein,
fig. 6(a) is the capacity distribution of the retired battery before sorting, and fig. 6(b) is the capacity distribution of the retired battery after screening through all stages. As can be seen from the comparison of the capacity distribution before sorting in fig. 6, the invention not only screens out the retired battery with poorer performance parameters, but also screens out the retired battery with lower capacity. Fig. 7(a) is the energy conversion efficiency distribution of the retired battery before sorting, and fig. 7(b) is the energy conversion efficiency distribution of the retired battery after screening through all stages. As can be seen from fig. 7, after screening at all stages, the retired battery with low charge-discharge energy conversion efficiency (easy to generate heat) is successfully screened out. Fig. 8(a) is a voltage mean value in the retired battery screening process before sorting, and fig. 8(b) is a voltage mean value in the retired battery screening process after screening at all stages. Similarly, as can be seen from fig. 8, the retired battery after screening at all stages has stronger consistency.
Considering the integral sorting efficiency, when the parameters of the retired battery at a certain stage are abnormal or inconsistent with most batteries, the retired battery can be directly discharged to cut-off voltage at constant current, and the retired battery is used in a single body utilization occasion after the capacity is calculated; when the parameters of the retired battery at a certain stage fall behind most batteries, namely the retired battery meets the first preset value condition, the retired battery can be directly used in a single body utilization occasion, and therefore the overall classification efficiency is improved.
And for the retired batteries screened in all stages, the retired batteries with higher consistency similarity are regrouped for module application occasions.
According to the technical scheme, batteries which obviously do not meet the requirements are screened and removed through classified screening, the batteries which do not meet the requirements are directly disassembled, then the retired batteries are subjected to discharge testing, the discharge process is divided into nine stages, the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired batteries are screened and analyzed, the retired batteries meeting the first preset value condition are screened and used directly in a single body, the retired batteries which meet the second preset value condition in consistency are regrouped for the retired batteries screened in all stages and classified into module application occasions, the out-of-service batteries in the retired batteries can be screened in a short time, the retired batteries meeting the requirements in consistency can be screened, the batteries meeting the corresponding application scenes are screened according to different retired battery echelon utilization requirements, and the screening efficiency is high.
Example 2
Based on embodiment 1, the invention further provides a sorting device for gradient utilization of retired power batteries, which comprises:
the primary screening module is used for screening out batteries with poor appearance and liquid leakage, screening out batteries with excessive discharge in the using process by using a voltmeter, and disassembling the screened batteries;
the constant-current charging screening module is used for constant-current charging the retired battery to a cut-off voltage, analyzing the current change of the retired battery in a constant-voltage charging stage and directly disassembling batteries which do not meet the requirements;
the classified screening module is used for starting a discharge test on the retired battery, dividing a discharge process into nine stages, wherein each stage is divided into a discharge process, a standing process and a pulse process, screening and analyzing the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery when each stage is finished, screening the retired battery meeting a first preset value condition for direct single use, and entering the next stage if the internal resistance and the dynamic process are not met;
and the regrouping module is used for regrouping the retired batteries with the consistency meeting the second preset value condition for the retired batteries screened in all stages, and classifying the retired batteries into module application occasions.
Specifically, the screening of the battery with poor appearance and leakage and the screening of the battery with over discharge in the using process by using a voltmeter comprise:
the battery screening method comprises the steps of screening out batteries with bulges, depressions and electrolyte traces on the surfaces for disassembly, screening out the retired batteries with the weight lower than that of the normal batteries by using an electronic scale for disassembly, directly using the retired batteries with the voltage lower than 0.5V for disassembly by using a voltmeter, and directly using the retired batteries with the voltage between 0.5V and the discharge cut-off voltage for the single use occasions.
Specifically, the analysis retired battery is at the current variation of constant voltage charging stage, directly disassembles the battery that can not satisfy the requirement, includes:
calculating the integral value Q of the current and the time in the constant voltage stage C Is mixing Q with C The retired battery with the value exceeding three times of the standard Qc value of the battery is directly used for disassembly.
Specifically, the discharge process is divided into nine stages, and each stage is divided into a discharge process, a standing process and a pulse process, and the discharge process includes: firstly, the retired battery is charged to a cut-off voltage according to a 1C current, then the retired battery is discharged according to the 1C current, the discharge time is calculated according to 10% of rated capacity, after the discharge is finished, the battery is placed for 10 minutes, the voltage change of the battery during the placing is recorded, after the placing, chemical reaction in the battery is stabilized, and then a pulse discharge experiment is carried out on the retired battery.
More specifically, each time a stage is completed, the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed, and the analysis process includes:
each time of discharge, standing and pulse circulation, sorting and screening sorted retired batteries once for internal resistance and discharge voltage consistency, and allowing batteries meeting screening conditions to enter next discharge, standing and pulse circulation; batteries that do not meet the screening conditions are directly classified as single use cases.
More specifically, each time a stage is completed, the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed, and the analyzed parameters include:
voltage in the charging and discharging process, standing ending voltage, internal resistance parameters in the pulse process and voltage parameters after pulse discharging is ended.
The first preset value condition for the direct monomer use of the retired battery meeting the first preset value condition is as follows:
internal resistance greater than beta R The characteristic moment voltage of charging is greater than beta c Discharge characteristic time voltage is less than beta d Wherein
β R ＝R new +0.8*(R new -R 80％ )
β c ＝V new,c +0.8*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
β d ＝V new,d -0.8*(V 80％,d -V new,d )
in the formula R new Indicating the calculated internal resistance, R, of a new battery of the same type 80％ The corresponding resistance value V of the retired battery representing that the capacity of the new battery of the same type is reduced to 80 percent of the rated capacity 80％,c The voltage V of the corresponding charging characteristic moment of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80 percent of the rated capacity new,c Representing the calculated charge characteristic time voltage, V, of a new battery of the same type new,d Voltage, V, representing the discharge characteristic time calculated for a new battery of the same type 80％,d And the voltage of the corresponding discharge characteristic moment of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80% of the rated capacity is represented.
More specifically, regrouping the retired batteries of which the consistency meets the second preset value condition into groups, classifying the retired batteries into module application occasions, including:
satisfies the internal resistance less than alpha R The characteristic time voltage of charging is less than alpha c Discharge characteristic time voltage is greater than alpha d The retired batteries are regrouped into groups and classified as module applications, wherein,
α R ＝R new +0.2*(R new -R 80％ )
α c ＝V new,c +0.2*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
α d ＝V new,d -0.2*(V 80％,d -V new,d )。
the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A sorting method for gradient utilization of retired power batteries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, screening out batteries with poor appearance and leakage, then screening out batteries which are over-discharged in the using process by using a voltmeter, wherein the screened batteries are used for disassembling;
the method comprises the steps of charging a retired battery to a cut-off voltage in a constant-current mode, analyzing current change of the retired battery in a constant-voltage charging stage, and directly disassembling batteries which do not meet requirements;
starting a discharge test on the retired battery, dividing the discharge process into nine stages, wherein each stage is divided into a discharge process, a standing process and a pulse process, screening and analyzing the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery when each stage is completed, screening the retired battery meeting a first preset value condition for direct single use, and entering the next stage if the internal resistance and the dynamic process are not met;
and for the retired batteries screened in all stages, the retired batteries with the consistency meeting the second preset value condition are regrouped and classified into module application occasions.
2. The method for sorting the retired power battery in echelon utilization according to claim 1, wherein the step of screening out the poor-appearance and leaking batteries and then screening out the batteries which are over-discharged in the use process by using a voltmeter comprises the following steps:
the battery screening method comprises the steps of screening out batteries with bulges, depressions and electrolyte traces on the surfaces for disassembly, screening out the retired batteries with the weight lower than that of the normal batteries by using an electronic scale for disassembly, directly using the retired batteries with the voltage lower than 0.5V for disassembly by using a voltmeter, and directly using the retired batteries with the voltage between 0.5V and the discharge cut-off voltage for the single use occasions.
3. The method for sorting the ex-service power battery echelon utilization according to claim 1, wherein the step of analyzing the current change of the ex-service battery in the constant voltage charging stage and directly disassembling the battery which does not meet the requirement comprises the following steps:
calculating the integral value Q of the current and the time in the constant voltage stage C Is mixing Q with C The retired battery with the value exceeding three times of the standard Qc value of the battery is directly used for disassembly.
4. The sorting method for the echelon utilization of the retired power battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the discharging process is divided into nine stages, each stage being divided into a discharging process, a standing process and a pulse process, and the sorting method comprises the following steps: firstly, the retired battery is charged to a cut-off voltage according to a 1C current, then the retired battery is discharged according to the 1C current, the discharge time is calculated according to 10% of rated capacity, after the discharge is finished, the battery is placed for 10 minutes, the voltage change of the battery during the placing is recorded, after the placing, chemical reaction in the battery is stabilized, and then a pulse discharge experiment is carried out on the retired battery.
5. The method for sorting the gradient utilization of the retired power battery according to claim 4, wherein each time one stage is completed, the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed, and the analysis process comprises the following steps:
each time of discharge, standing and pulse circulation, sorting and screening the sorted retired battery for one time according to the internal resistance and discharge voltage consistency, and entering next discharge, standing and pulse circulation for batteries which do not meet the first preset value condition; the batteries meeting the first preset value condition are directly classified as single utilization occasions.
6. The method for sorting the retired power battery echelon utilization according to claim 5, wherein each time a stage is completed, the internal resistance and dynamic process of the retired battery are screened and analyzed, and the analyzed parameters include:
voltage in the charging and discharging process, standing ending voltage, internal resistance parameters in the pulse process and voltage parameters after pulse discharging is ended.
7. The method for sorting the retired power battery in the echelon utilization manner as claimed in claim 6, wherein the first preset value condition for the retired battery which meets the first preset value condition in the direct monomer use is:
internal resistance greater than beta R The characteristic moment voltage of charging is greater than beta c Discharge characteristic time voltage is less than beta d Wherein
β R ＝R new +0.8*(R new -R 80％ )
β c ＝V new,c +0.8*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
β d ＝V new,d -0.8*(V 80％,d -V new,d )
in the formula R new Indicating the calculated internal resistance, R, of a new battery of the same type 80％ The corresponding resistance value V of the retired battery representing that the capacity of the new battery of the same type is reduced to 80 percent of the rated capacity 80％,c The voltage V of the corresponding charging characteristic moment of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80 percent of the rated capacity new,c Representing the calculated charge characteristic time voltage, V, of a new battery of the same type new,d Voltage, V, representing the discharge characteristic time calculated for a new battery of the same type 80％,d And the voltage of the corresponding discharge characteristic moment of the retired battery with the capacity of the same type of new battery declining to 80% of the rated capacity is represented.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of regrouping the retired power batteries whose consistency meets the second predetermined condition into module applications comprises:
satisfies the internal resistance less than alpha R The characteristic time voltage of charging is less than alpha c Discharge characteristic time voltage greater than alpha d The retired batteries are regrouped into groups that are classified as module applications, wherein,
α R ＝R new +0.2*(R new -R 80％ )
α c ＝V new,c +0.2*(V 80％,c -V new,c )
α d ＝V new,d -0.2*(V 80％,d -V new,d )。
9. a sorting unit that retires power battery echelon utilization, its characterized in that, the device includes:
the primary screening module is used for screening out batteries with poor appearance and liquid leakage, screening out batteries with excessive discharge in the using process by using a voltmeter, and disassembling the screened batteries;
the constant-current charging screening module is used for constant-current charging the retired battery to a cut-off voltage, analyzing the current change of the retired battery in a constant-voltage charging stage and directly disassembling batteries which do not meet the requirements;
the classified screening module is used for starting a discharge test on the retired battery, dividing a discharge process into nine stages, wherein each stage is divided into a discharge process, a standing process and a pulse process, screening and analyzing the internal resistance and the dynamic process of the retired battery when each stage is finished, screening the retired battery meeting a first preset value condition for direct single use, and entering the next stage if the internal resistance and the dynamic process are not met;
and the regrouping module is used for regrouping the retired batteries with the consistency meeting the second preset value condition for the retired batteries screened in all stages, and classifying the retired batteries into module application occasions.
10. The method for sorting the retired power battery in echelon according to claim 9, wherein the step of screening out the poor-appearance and leaking batteries and then screening out the batteries which are over-discharged in the using process by using a voltmeter comprises the following steps:
the battery screening method comprises the steps of screening out batteries with bulges, depressions and electrolyte traces on the surfaces for disassembly, screening out the retired batteries with the weight lower than that of the normal batteries by using an electronic scale for disassembly, directly using the retired batteries with the voltage lower than 0.5V for disassembly by using a voltmeter, and directly using the retired batteries with the voltage between 0.5V and the discharge cut-off voltage for the single use occasions.
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