CN110614236B - Screening method for graded utilization of ex-service battery - Google Patents
Screening method for graded utilization of ex-service battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN110614236B CN110614236B CN201910502720.0A CN201910502720A CN110614236B CN 110614236 B CN110614236 B CN 110614236B CN 201910502720 A CN201910502720 A CN 201910502720A CN 110614236 B CN110614236 B CN 110614236B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
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- B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
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Abstract
The invention discloses a screening method for gradient utilization of ex-service batteries, which comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out preliminary evaluation on ex-service battery packs, and screening out ex-service battery packs capable of being utilized in a gradient manner; then disassembling the retired battery pack which can be used in a graded manner into corresponding unit modules; then, performing performance test on the plurality of unit modules, and grading the plurality of unit modules in the retired battery pack according to the test result; and finally, performing graded utilization on the screened retired battery packs according to grades. The screening and grouping scheme for the gradient utilization of the retired battery, provided by the invention, is simple and practical, is simple to operate, can obviously improve the production efficiency, and can reduce the gradient utilization cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lithium ion battery, in particular to a battery echelon utilization scheme.
Background
In recent years, the new energy vehicles in China are developed vigorously, and the automobile sales volume of the new energy vehicles is rapidly increased. According to statistics, the yield of the Chinese new energy automobiles in 2016 is up to 51.7 ten thousand, the sales volume is up to 50.7 ten thousand, the yield of the new energy automobiles in 2017 in the whole year is 77.6 ten thousand, the sales volume is up to 77.9 ten thousand, and the yield of the Chinese new energy automobiles in 2018 in the whole year is 122.07 ten thousand, which are increased by 50.46% on a same scale.
With the continuous increase of the yield and the reserve of the new energy automobile in China, the power battery gradually enters the retirement period, and the recycling market prospect is wide. By the expected 2025, the market scale of Chinese power battery echelon utilization is up to 282 billion yuan. At present, the echelon utilization of the power battery in China does not form a large-scale and standardized application scene, and a plurality of problems in the aspects of business models, technical innovation and the like are to be solved urgently. In the 'implementation scheme of the producer responsibility extension system', it is clearly indicated that the cascade utilization and recovery management of the power battery are enhanced, and a power battery recovery system of the electric automobile is established. The power battery after the vehicle retirement is transferred and applied to other fields with gradually decreased requirements on the energy density and the power density of the power battery through the cascade utilization of the power battery, so that the environmental protection and the resource saving are facilitated, the use value of the full life cycle of the battery is improved, and the use cost of the battery is reduced.
The battery monomers have certain difference, and a plurality of different positions on the electric automobile, and the factors such as temperature, connection impedance, oscillation degree and the like are different in the using process, so that the retired battery has certain inconsistency on the decline of characteristic parameters such as capacity, internal resistance and the like.
Currently, screening and grouping methods for retired batteries are generally complex, long in period and high in cost. Therefore, the screening and grouping scheme which is simple and practical, simple to operate and easy to realize is provided, so that the production efficiency is obviously improved, and the echelon utilization cost is reduced, which is a problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a screening method for the graded utilization of retired batteries, aiming at solving the problems existing in the screening graded utilization of the existing retired power batteries, so as to realize the rapid screening of the retired batteries and the graded utilization.
In order to achieve the purpose, the screening method for the gradient utilization of the retired battery, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps:
preliminarily evaluating the retired battery packs, and screening the retired battery packs capable of being used in a graded manner;
disassembling the retired battery pack which can be used in a graded manner into corresponding unit modules;
performing performance test on the plurality of unit modules, and grading the plurality of unit modules in the retired battery pack according to the test result;
and carrying out echelon utilization on the screened retired battery pack according to classification.
Further, the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack comprises: and based on the historical data of the battery, preliminarily judging the SOH of the battery pack.
Further, the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack includes: and performing appearance detection and insulation detection on the battery pack.
Further, the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack includes: the battery pack is charged and discharged for preset times, the voltages at the last stage of discharging of a plurality of modules in the battery pack are compared through the data collected by the BMS, and the modules with the voltages at the last stage of discharging obviously lower than the average voltage of the modules are labeled.
Further, the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack includes: and opening the box cover, and checking the structure and the components in the box.
Further, the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack comprises: and carrying out appearance detection on a plurality of modules in the retired battery pack.
Further, the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack includes: and carrying out insulation detection on a plurality of modules in the retired battery pack.
Furthermore, when the performance of the plurality of unit modules is tested, the disassembled battery module is charged and discharged for a preset number of times by preset current, and capacity data and internal resistance data of the battery module are collected.
Furthermore, when the retired battery pack is graded according to the performance test result, grading is carried out according to the capacity, the internal resistance and the capacity retention rate of the battery.
Further, when grading the retired battery pack, the method includes:
calculating internal resistances of a plurality of unit modules according to the acquired data, and rejecting the unit modules with the internal resistances obviously deviating from an average value;
and calculating a capacity retention rate according to the collected data of the plurality of unit modules, screening the unit modules according to the capacity retention rate, and rejecting the unit modules with lower capacity coefficients.
The screening and grouping scheme for the gradient utilization of the ex-service batteries, provided by the invention, is simple and practical, is simple to operate, can obviously improve the production efficiency, and can reduce the gradient utilization cost.
Moreover, this scheme has still rejected the serious battery that declines through screening to the retired battery, has effectively improved the ganged uniformity of ladder utilization battery, has guaranteed that the performance of battery satisfies the requirement that ladder utilized.
Drawings
The invention is further described below in conjunction with the appended drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a basic flow diagram of the screening of retired battery echelon utilization in an example of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of end-of-discharge voltages for a plurality of modules in an example of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
Aiming at the problems faced by the ex-service battery pack in echelon utilization, the scheme of the embodiment detects the appearance structure and the performance of the ex-service battery pack from outside to inside to complete preliminary screening; then, performing performance detection on the internal modules of the screened retired battery pack; and classifying the retired battery pack capable of being used in a graded manner according to the detection result, and finally, carrying out graded utilization on the retired battery pack based on the constructed grades.
From this can be fast, serious battery that degenerates among the accurate screening rejection decommissioning battery, the performance testing result based on the inside module of decommissioning battery package is hierarchical to the decommissioning battery package, has improved the uniformity that echelon utilized battery formed a group, has guaranteed that the performance of battery satisfies the requirement that the echelon utilized.
Referring to fig. 1, a basic flow of the cascade utilization screening of the retired battery according to the above principle is shown in the present embodiment.
As can be seen from the figure, the whole screening process mainly comprises the following four steps:
(1) and performing preliminary evaluation on the retired battery pack, and screening the retired battery pack which can be utilized in a gradient manner.
(2) And disassembling the ex-service battery pack which can be used in a graded manner into corresponding unit modules.
(3) And performing performance test on the plurality of unit modules, and grading the plurality of unit modules in the retired battery pack according to the test result.
(4) And (4) utilizing a plurality of unit modules in the screened retired battery pack in a graded manner.
The "plurality" as referred to herein is at least 2.
Accordingly, the present example presents a complete implementation of screening packets that enable retired battery echelon utilization based on this basic scheme.
The whole implementation process of screening grouping of the retired battery echelon utilization is as follows:
s1, based on historical data of the battery, the SOH of the battery pack is preliminarily judged.
The historical data of the battery related in the step comprises factory data, use frequency, multiplying power, SOC limit value and SOH state of the battery.
And for the battery pack with the lower SOH, judging that the battery pack is not suitable for echelon utilization and directly eliminating the battery pack.
S2, carrying out appearance detection and insulation detection on the battery pack, and detecting whether the appearance of the box body is good or not, whether the box body is impacted or not or whether the box body is corroded, and whether the insulation is normal or not.
And for the battery pack with poor appearance detection and insulation detection, judging that the battery pack is not suitable for echelon utilization and directly rejecting.
And S3, charging and discharging the battery pack for preset times, comparing the final discharge voltage of the plurality of modules in the battery pack through the data collected by the BMS, and marking the modules with the final discharge voltage obviously lower than the average voltage of the plurality of modules.
S4, open battery package case lid, inspection incasement structure and subassembly include: whether there are leakage traces such as dust, intaking in the inspection box, there are not damage or ageing trace in a plurality of electrical part in the inspection box and pencil etc..
S5, carrying out appearance detection on the plurality of modules in the battery pack, and checking whether the battery cell has appearance bad conditions such as flatulence and bulging.
If the battery core or the module of the battery pack has the poor appearance, the battery pack is judged to be unsuitable for gradient utilization and is directly rejected.
S6, carrying out insulation detection on the modules, and checking whether the modules have poor insulation;
if the module of battery package appears insulating bad condition, then judge that this battery package is unsuitable to be used echelon, directly rejects.
S7, disassembling a plurality of modules in the battery pack into a minimum unit module easy for echelon utilization, and directly eliminating the modules marked in the step S3;
and S8, when the performance of the plurality of unit modules is tested, charging and discharging the disassembled battery unit modules for preset times by using preset current, and acquiring capacity data and internal resistance data of the battery unit modules.
And S9, calculating internal resistances of the plurality of battery unit modules according to the acquired data, and rejecting the battery unit modules with the internal resistances obviously deviating from the average value.
And S10, calculating a capacity retention rate according to the acquired data of the battery module, screening the capacity of the battery unit module according to the capacity retention rate, and simultaneously rejecting the unit module with a lower capacity coefficient.
S11, performing echelon screening and grading on the screened battery unit modules;
here, the battery cell modules are classified according to the capacity, internal resistance, and capacity retention rate of the battery, and different ranges of the capacity, internal resistance, and capacity retention rate are defined as different classes.
And S12, carrying out echelon utilization on the screened battery unit modules grouped in a grading way again according to the performance.
By way of example, the application scenarios of the echelon utilization here may be: the novel energy low-speed electric vehicle, the electric forklift, the energy storage and the like.
For the above overall implementation process of screening and grouping for the retired battery echelon utilization, the scheme is further described by an application example.
The screening and grouping process is as follows:
s1, acquiring historical data of a battery, wherein the historical data comprises delivery data, use frequency, multiplying power, SOC (state of charge) limit values, SOH (state of health) states and the like of the battery, preliminarily judging the SOH of a health state parameter of a battery pack, and eliminating the gradient utilization possibility of the battery pack with obviously low SOH; the factory data of the battery can be obtained through a national tracing platform, and the health state of the battery pack can be obtained through the aspects of driving data of the electric vehicle and the like.
S2, carrying out appearance detection and insulation detection on the battery pack, detecting whether the appearance of the box body is good or not, whether the box body is impacted or corroded or not and whether insulation is normal or not, carrying out appearance identification under a good light condition, testing an insulation resistance value under corresponding voltage by using a universal meter for insulation detection, and eliminating echelon utilization possibility of the battery pack with poor appearance detection and insulation detection.
S3, the battery pack is charged and discharged for preset times, process voltage data of the modules are collected through the BMS, the last-stage voltage of the modules is compared, the modules with the last-stage voltage obviously lower than the average voltage of the modules are marked, and accordingly the modules can be removed in the later stage. For example, as shown in fig. 2, the discharge end voltage of the module No. 4 is significantly lower than that of the other modules, and the module No. 4 is labeled.
As an example, the steps of charging and discharging the battery pack in this step are as follows:
(S31): 1/3 discharging at constant current to 93V, standing for 30 min;
(S32): 1/3 charging to 128.65V with constant current and constant voltage, cutting off the current at 0.02C, and standing for 30 min;
(S33): repeating the steps (S31) and (S32)3 times;
(S34): 1/3 discharging at constant current to 114.7V, standing for 30 min;
(S35): and (6) stopping.
And S4, opening the box cover, checking whether leakage traces such as dust, water inflow and the like exist in the box, checking whether damage or aging traces exist on a plurality of electric devices, wire harnesses and the like, and if the situation occurs, continuously detecting and disassembling or directly scrapping the whole package into a recovery process after removing parts with damage according to the condition and the weight.
S5, carrying out appearance detection on the plurality of modules, checking whether the battery core has appearance bad conditions such as flatulence and bulging, carrying out appearance identification under good light conditions, directly entering a recovery process for a battery with bad appearance, and entering next step analysis for the battery with good appearance.
S6, carrying out insulation detection on the modules, checking whether the modules are poor in insulation or not, directly entering a recovery process for the battery with poor insulation, and entering the next step for analysis for the battery with good insulation.
S7, disassembling a plurality of modules in the battery pack into a minimum unit module easy for echelon utilization, and simultaneously removing the modules marked in the step S3;
s8, charging and discharging the disassembled battery module for a preset number of times at a preset current, and acquiring capacity data and internal resistance data of the battery module;
s9, calculating internal resistances of a plurality of battery modules according to the acquired data, and rejecting the battery modules with the internal resistances obviously deviating from an average value;
s10, calculating a capacity retention rate according to the acquired data of the battery modules, carrying out capacity screening on the battery modules according to the capacity retention rate, and simultaneously rejecting modules with lower capacity coefficients;
s11, performing echelon screening and grading on the screened battery modules, wherein the grouping method comprises the following steps:
according to the capacity, internal resistance and capacity retention rate data of the battery obtained through charging and discharging, the capacity is used as a sorting grade according to 2Ah, the internal resistance is used as a sorting grade according to 1 momega, and the retention rate is used as a sorting grade according to 2%.
And S12, performing echelon utilization on the screened battery modules grouped again according to performance.
Known from the above example, the screening and grouping process of the entire retired battery echelon utilization is simple and quick, the production efficiency can be obviously improved, and the echelon utilization cost can be reduced, so that the problem that the echelon utilization cost is higher due to the fact that the existing method is complex to operate and long in period can be solved.
Furthermore, this screening grouping process still disassembles into the minimum unit module that easily echelon utilized with a plurality of modules in the battery package to carry out performance detection and screening respectively to the minimum unit module of disassembling, and further grade based on performance detection data, so not only can guarantee that the performance of battery satisfies the requirement that echelon utilized, improved the echelon and utilized the battery in groups uniformity, and greatly reduced the analysis cost.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The screening method for the echelon utilization of the retired battery is characterized by sequentially comprising the following steps of:
firstly, primarily evaluating the retired battery pack, and screening the retired battery pack which can be utilized in a graded manner; in the step, the battery pack is charged and discharged for a preset number of times, the BMS is used for collecting process voltage data of a plurality of modules, comparing the voltages of a plurality of modules at the final discharging stage, and marking the modules of which the voltages at the final discharging stage are obviously lower than the average voltages of the modules so as to be removed at the later stage; simultaneously, the steps of charging and discharging the battery pack are as follows:
(S1): 1/3 discharging at constant current to 93V, standing for 30 min;
(S2): 1/3 charging to 128.65V with constant current and constant voltage, cutting off current 0.02C, standing for 30 min;
(S3): repeating the steps (S1) and (S2)3 times;
(S4): 1/3 discharging at constant current to 114.7V, standing for 30 min;
(S5): stopping;
then, disassembling a plurality of modules in the retired battery pack capable of being used in a graded manner into a minimum unit module easy to be used in a graded manner;
secondly, performing performance test on the minimum unit modules, performing charge and discharge on the disassembled minimum unit modules for preset times at preset current, acquiring capacity data and internal resistance data of the battery unit modules, calculating internal resistances of the minimum unit modules according to the acquired data, rejecting the minimum unit modules with the internal resistances obviously deviating from an average value, calculating a capacity retention rate according to the acquired battery module data, performing capacity screening on the minimum unit modules according to the capacity retention rate, and rejecting the minimum unit modules with lower capacity coefficients; grading a plurality of minimum unit modules in the retired battery pack according to the test result;
and finally, performing echelon utilization on the minimum unit modules in the screened retired battery pack according to classification.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack comprises: and based on the historical data of the battery, primarily judging the SOH of the battery pack.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack comprises: and performing appearance detection and insulation detection on the battery pack.
4. The method for screening out the gradient utilization of the retired battery according to claim 1, wherein the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack comprises: and opening the box cover, and checking the structure and the components in the box.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack comprises: and carrying out appearance detection on a plurality of modules in the retired battery pack.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the preliminary evaluation of the retired battery pack comprises: and carrying out insulation detection on a plurality of modules in the retired battery pack.
7. The method for screening graded utilization of ex-service batteries according to claim 1, wherein the grading is performed according to the capacity, the internal resistance and the capacity retention rate of the batteries when the ex-service battery packs are graded according to the performance test results.
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| CN111308380A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-19 | 深圳供电局有限公司 | Echelon battery re-retirement detection method and device and computer equipment |
| CN111600354B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2021-09-17 | 桑顿新能源科技(长沙)有限公司 | Grouping protection system for batteries used in echelon and battery pack forming method |
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| CN113500012A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-10-15 | 同济大学 | Vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery echelon utilization method based on cluster screening |
| CN113640692A (en) * | 2021-08-12 | 2021-11-12 | 奇瑞商用车（安徽）有限公司 | Method for manufacturing lithium battery by gradient utilization and lithium battery manufactured by same |
| CN114047444B (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2024-05-28 | 中国南方电网有限责任公司超高压输电公司广州局 | Method and device for evaluating health condition of storage battery |
| CN114833097B (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2024-01-19 | 合肥工业大学 | Sorting method and device for gradient utilization of retired power battery |
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