CN109078871B - Rejection method of retired battery parallel module for echelon utilization - Google Patents
Rejection method of retired battery parallel module for echelon utilization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for eliminating a retired battery parallel module for echelon utilization, which comprises the following steps of: s1 extracting charging loop current I (k) and actual terminal voltage U (k) of a decommissioned battery parallel module in the charging and discharging processes of k groups; s2, extracting partial data in the step S1 to identify the parameters of the single battery potential model; s3, calculating theoretical voltage Ute (k) corresponding to current I (k) in a battery cell potential model of the retired battery parallel module; s4, calculating the root mean square error between the actual terminal voltage U (k) of the retired battery parallel module and the theoretical voltage Ute (k), and if the value of the root mean square error is larger than a preset value, rejecting the retired battery parallel module. According to the invention, the decommissioned battery parallel module is not required to be disassembled, whether the monomer aging phenomenon exists in the decommissioned battery parallel module or not is judged by calculating the root mean square error of the theoretical voltage and the actual voltage corresponding to the equivalent model of the decommissioned battery parallel module, the method is simple, the battery is not required to be disassembled, and the method can be widely applied to the field of batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a retired battery inspection method for echelon utilization.
Background
With the development of the automobile industry in the world, the consumption of petroleum energy is increasing day by day, the step of petroleum shortage is accelerated, and the emission of automobiles taking an internal combustion engine as the traditional power causes atmospheric pollution and greenhouse effect. Electric vehicles are favored for their advantages of low pollution, low noise, high energy efficiency, etc.
When the charge capacity of the automobile battery pack is reduced to about 80% of the original capacity, the battery pack is not suitable for being continuously used in the electric automobile, but can still meet the performance requirements of other application fields except the power automobile, and the battery can be recycled in a gradient manner under the conditions that the appearance of the battery is intact, the battery is not damaged, and various functional elements are effective. For example, the battery recycling can be divided into four gradients, wherein the first gradient is applied to electric devices such as electric automobiles and electric bicycles; the retired lithium battery with the second gradient as the first gradient can be applied to energy storage devices such as a power grid, new energy power generation and a UPS; the third gradient is the application of low-end users and the like in other aspects; the fourth gradient is used for disassembling and recycling the battery, so that the service life of the battery is greatly prolonged, and the cost is reduced, therefore, the echelon utilization of the power battery has very important significance.
However, the aging degrees of different battery cells in the retired battery parallel modules of the electric vehicle may be seriously inconsistent, and such battery parallel modules have potential safety hazards and need to be removed from the battery parallel modules to be utilized.
At present, there are two main ways to detect the retired battery parallel module of the electric vehicle:
according to the method, the battery parallel module does not need to be disassembled, and the performance of the battery module is judged by measuring parameters such as capacity, internal resistance and open-circuit voltage of the whole battery parallel module, however, the aging degree of a battery monomer in the battery parallel module cannot be judged by the method, and the aging degree of the monomer is inconsistent with the aging degree of the whole battery parallel module, so that the detection result is inaccurate, and potential risks are caused.
In another mode, the batteries of the battery parallel module are disassembled, and the parameters of the single batteries, such as the capacity, the internal resistance, the open-circuit voltage and the like, are respectively measured to judge the performance of the single batteries, but the method has the disadvantages of large workload, time and labor waste, and easy deformation and short circuit of the batteries in the disassembling process, so that the reliability of the batteries is reduced.
Therefore, it is necessary to invent a retired battery inspection method oriented to echelon utilization to solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a decommissioned battery parallel module which does not require disassembly of the decommissioned battery parallel module and can reject the occurrence of cell aging.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a rejection method of retired battery parallel modules for echelon utilization comprises the following steps:
s1 extracting charging loop current I (k) and actual terminal voltage U (k) of a retired battery parallel module in the charging and discharging processes of k groups, wherein k is more than or equal to 2;
s2, extracting partial charge-discharge loop current I (k) and actual terminal voltage U (k) data of the retired battery parallel module in the step S1 to perform battery monomer potential model parameter identification, and obtaining parameter values of negative electrode capacity, negative electrode initial SOC, positive electrode capacity, positive electrode initial SOC and battery internal resistance;
s3, calculating theoretical voltage Ute (k) corresponding to current I (k) in a battery cell potential model of the retired battery parallel module;
s4, calculating the root mean square error between the actual terminal voltage U (k) of the retired battery parallel module and the theoretical voltage Ute (k), and if the value of the root mean square error is larger than a preset value, rejecting the retired battery parallel module.
Preferably, the method for identifying the parameters in step S3 includes a linear least square method, a non-linear least square method, an exhaustive search method, or an intelligent optimization algorithm.
Preferably, the method further comprises, before the step S1, a step S0: and acquiring the thickness and/or weight and/or internal resistance and/or voltage of the retired battery parallel module, and rejecting the retired battery parallel module if the thickness and/or weight and/or internal resistance and/or voltage of the retired battery parallel module exceed preset values.
Preferably, the step of obtaining the thickness of the batteries of the retired battery parallel module comprises a direct measurement method or an image analysis method.
Preferably, in step S1, the charging loop current i (k) and the actual terminal voltage u (k) of the retired battery parallel module include charging and discharging test data or usage data within a preset time period before the retired battery parallel module is retired.
Preferably, the charge and discharge test comprises the following steps:
s10, performing voltage test on the retired battery parallel module, judging whether the voltage is greater than a preset value, if so, entering a step S11, and if not, entering a step S13;
s11, discharging the retired battery parallel module until the voltage of the retired battery parallel module is smaller than a preset value;
s12, standing the retired battery parallel module for a preset time;
s13, performing charging test on the retired battery parallel module, recording the current I (k) of a charging and discharging loop and the actual terminal voltage U (k) of the retired battery parallel module until the voltage at the two ends of the retired battery parallel module is equal to a preset value, meanwhile, judging whether the surface temperature of the retired battery parallel module is larger than the preset value in the charging process, if so, ending the charging, and rejecting the retired battery parallel module.
Preferably, the charging test in step S13 includes a constant current charging test.
Preferably, the charging current of the constant current charging test is greater than 1/8C and less than 1/3C.
Preferably, the method further includes step S14, where the retired battery parallel module is charged with a constant voltage until the current of the retired battery parallel module is smaller than a preset value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention does not need to disassemble the retired battery parallel module, only needs to measure the current and the corresponding actual voltage value of the retired battery parallel module, judges whether the monomer aging phenomenon exists in the retired battery parallel module or not by calculating the theoretical voltage corresponding to the equivalent model of the retired battery parallel module and judging the root mean square error of the theoretical voltage and the actual voltage, has simple method, does not need to disassemble the battery, and can be widely applied to the field of batteries.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for inspecting a retired battery for echelon utilization according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a charging and discharging test in an embodiment of a method for inspecting a retired battery for echelon utilization according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a battery cell potential model in an embodiment of a retired battery inspection method for echelon utilization according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for rejecting a retired battery parallel module for echelon utilization includes the following steps:
s1 extracting charging loop current I (k) and actual terminal voltage U (k) of a retired battery parallel module in the charging and discharging processes of k groups, wherein k is more than or equal to 2;
s2, extracting partial charge-discharge loop current I (k) and actual terminal voltage U (k) data of the retired battery parallel module in the step S1 to perform battery monomer potential model parameter identification, and obtaining parameter values of negative electrode capacity, negative electrode initial SOC, positive electrode capacity, positive electrode initial SOC and battery internal resistance;
the parameter identification method comprises a linear least square method or a nonlinear least square method or an exhaustive search method or an intelligent optimization algorithm.
S3, calculating theoretical voltage Ute (k) corresponding to current I (k) in a battery cell potential model of the retired battery parallel module;
s4, calculating the root mean square error between the actual terminal voltage U (k) of the retired battery parallel module and the theoretical voltage Ute (k), and when the performance difference of monomers in the retired battery parallel module is large, using the battery monomer potential model to describe the characteristics of the battery module to cause large errors, so that if the value of the root mean square error is larger than a preset value, it is proved that the battery monomers in the retired battery parallel module are aged, and the retired battery parallel module is rejected.
According to the invention, the battery module is not required to be disassembled, only the current and voltage data of the retired battery parallel module are required to be measured, the equivalent model of the battery is calculated, the retired battery parallel module with the monomer aging phenomenon is eliminated by calculating the root mean square of the actual voltage value and the theoretical voltage of the battery, the calculation process can be automatically completed through computer modeling, the efficiency is high, and the battery is not damaged.
Step S0 is further included before the step S1: step S0 is further included before the step S1: and acquiring the thickness and/or weight and/or internal resistance and/or voltage of the retired battery parallel module, and rejecting the retired battery parallel module if the thickness and/or weight and/or internal resistance and/or voltage of the retired battery parallel module exceed preset values.
Wherein observing the thickness comprises direct measurement or image analysis.
Through preliminary screening, can detect out the obvious battery of fault signature fast, preliminary screening test time is short, resource consumption is few, improvement detection efficiency that can be very big.
In the step S1, the data of i (k) and the actual voltage u (k) may be obtained through a charge and discharge test or through usage data within a preset time period before the retired battery parallel module is retired.
The use data in the preset time period before the retired parallel battery module is retired does not need to be additionally tested, but the problem of inaccurate data may exist.
The charge and discharge test has the advantages of simple experimental process, no special requirement on test equipment and short experimental time.
As shown in fig. 2, specifically, the charge and discharge test includes the following steps:
s10, performing voltage test on the retired battery parallel module, judging whether the voltage is greater than a preset value, if so, entering a step S11, and if not, entering a step S13;
s11, discharging the retired battery parallel module until the voltage of the retired battery parallel module is smaller than a preset value;
s12, standing the retired battery parallel module for a preset time;
and S13, performing constant current charging test on the retired battery parallel module, wherein the charging current is more than 1/8C and less than 1/3C. Recording the current I (k) of a charge-discharge loop and the actual terminal voltage U (k) of the retired battery parallel module until the voltage at two ends of the retired battery parallel module is equal to a preset value, meanwhile, judging whether the surface temperature of the retired battery parallel module is larger than the preset value in the charging process, if so, ending the charging process, and rejecting the retired battery parallel module.
S14, constant voltage charging is carried out on the retired battery parallel module until the current of the retired battery parallel module is smaller than a preset value
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, a factory nominal capacity of a lithium iron phosphate retired battery parallel module (hereinafter referred to as a parallel battery module) is 200Ah, and a capacity of a retired battery is 173.94 Ah.
The cells are first subjected to a preliminary screening.
The thickness of the battery is measured, the thickness of the parallel battery module is measured through a direct measuring method, if the thickness of the battery is 1.2 times of the thickness of the parallel battery module when the parallel battery module leaves a factory, the parallel battery module is rejected, in the embodiment, the thickness of the parallel battery module does not exceed 1.2 times of the original thickness, and the testing requirement is met.
Confirming whether the pressure release valve is intact, measuring the weight of the parallel module, if the pressure release valve of the retired battery parallel module is opened or polluted, and if the weight of the retired battery parallel module is lower than a preset weight value, proving that the parallel battery module has a liquid leakage phenomenon, and rejecting the parallel battery module.
The internal resistance of the batteries of the parallel battery modules is measured, when the internal resistance of the batteries is too high, the parallel battery modules are proved to be seriously aged or internally broken, and the parallel battery modules are rejected.
And measuring the voltage of the parallel battery modules, and when the voltage is less than 1.25V or is a negative value, judging that the parallel battery modules have internal short circuit or overdischarge, and rejecting the parallel battery modules.
And extracting data of current I (k) and actual voltage U (k) in the charging and discharging processes.
Two tabs of the parallel battery module are reliably connected with a power cable of the battery charging and discharging device, and a voltage sampling cable of the battery charging and discharging device is connected with the tabs of the parallel battery module and is as close to the root of the tabs as possible, so that the influence of tab impedance on test data is eliminated. The temperature sensor is attached to the battery module case.
And measuring the terminal voltage of the parallel battery modules, wherein the voltage is greater than the lower limit cut-off voltage of the parallel battery modules by 2.5V, carrying out constant current discharge with small current multiplying power on the parallel battery modules, and the current is-50A until the terminal voltage of the parallel battery modules is less than the lower limit cut-off voltage of the battery modules by 2.5V, and disconnecting the charge-discharge loop of the parallel battery modules.
And standing the parallel battery modules for 10 minutes to eliminate the polarization phenomenon in the discharge of the parallel battery modules.
And carrying out constant current charging with small current multiplying power on the parallel battery modules, wherein the range of the current is 50A, and switching to a constant voltage charging mode until the voltage of the parallel battery modules is greater than the upper limit cut-off voltage of the parallel battery modules by 3.8V.
And carrying out constant voltage charging on the parallel battery modules, wherein the constant voltage value is 3.8V, monitoring the current of a charging loop of the parallel battery modules, and stopping charging when the current is less than 20A.
In the testing process, the actual voltage U (k) and the current I (k) of the charge-discharge loop of the parallel battery modules are monitored and recorded, the surface temperature of the parallel battery modules in the charge-discharge process is monitored, in the process, when the surface temperature of the parallel battery modules is higher than 50 ℃, the charge-discharge should be stopped, the parallel battery modules are intensively removed from the battery module samples which are urgently required to be used in a gradient manner, and the preset value is not exceeded in the embodiment.
And after the charging is finished, carrying out data processing on the sampling data. Sample data I (k1) and U (k1) are extracted from the constant current charging part, and the time interval T between sampling points is recorded, wherein k1 is 1/3k in the embodiment, the front 1/3 data are extracted, the cell potential model is shown in fig. 3, and the equivalent model formula is as follows:
wherein Ute (k) is an equivalent modelThe theoretical voltage is set to be a voltage,
is a positive potential function, independent variable SOCp(k) The positive electrode state of charge (positive electrode SOC) at time k,
as a function of the negative potential, independent of the variable SOCn(k) Negative electrode State of Charge (negative electrode SOC) at time k, IL(k) The battery model input quantity at the time k is shown, and R is the internal resistance of the battery. SOCp,0Initial positive SOC, Q at initial time of charging battery modulepIs the positive electrode capacity (unit: Ah), △ t is the time interval between time k and time k +1, SOCn,0Is the negative initial SOC, Q at the initial moment of charging of the battery modulenThe negative electrode capacity (unit: Ah) was obtained. Wherein at least one set of electrode data (SOC)p,0、QpOr SOCn,0、Qn) Is a variable quantity
Substituting I (k1), U (k1) and T into I in the above formulaL(k) And ute (k), △ t, the remaining variables are subjected to parameter fitting to obtain the electrode capacity QpInitial electrode SOCSOCn,0And a parameter value of the battery internal resistance R.
The parameter fitting method comprises the following steps: linear least squares or non-linear least squares or exhaustive search or intelligent optimization algorithms. In this embodiment, a least square method is used for parameter fitting, and a target function of the parameter fitting is:
and optimizing the objective function by adjusting the fitted parameter values, and outputting the last fitted parameter value.
In this embodiment, the fitting result of the parameters is as follows:
the initial SOC of the negative electrode is: SOCn,0＝0.04；
The negative electrode capacity was: qn＝227Ah；
Initial SOC of the positive electrode is a preset value：SOCp,0＝0.68；
The positive electrode capacity was: qp＝240Ah；
Battery internal resistance: r is 0.002 Ω.
Substituting the parameters and the current data I (k) into the formula (1), and calculating the theoretical voltage Ute (k) of the equivalent model.
Calculating the root mean square error of the actual voltage U (k) of the parallel battery modules and the theoretical voltage Ute (k) of the equivalent model, and if the value of the root mean square error is greater than a preset value of 0.1, rejecting the parallel battery modules.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A rejection method of retired battery parallel modules for echelon utilization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 extracting charging loop current I (k) and actual terminal voltage U (k) of a retired battery parallel module in the charging and discharging processes of k groups, wherein k is more than or equal to 2;
s2, extracting partial charge-discharge loop current I (k) and actual terminal voltage U (k) data of the retired battery parallel module in the step S1 to perform battery monomer electric potential model parameter identification, and obtaining parameter values of negative electrode capacity, negative electrode initial SOC, positive electrode capacity, positive electrode initial SOC and battery internal resistance, wherein the battery monomer electric potential model equivalent model formula is as follows:
wherein, Ute (k) is the theoretical voltage of the equivalent model,
is a positive potential function, independent variable SOCp(k) The state of charge of the positive electrode at time k,
as a function of the negative potential, independent of the variable SOCn(k) Negative electrode State of Charge at time k, IL(k) Is the input quantity of the battery model at the time k, R is the internal resistance of the battery, SOCp,0Initial positive SOC, Q at initial time of charging battery modulepΔ t is the time interval between time k and k +1, SOC, for positive electrode capacityn,0Is the negative initial SOC, Q at the initial moment of charging of the battery modulenIs the negative electrode capacity, wherein (SOC)p,0、Qp) Or (SOC)n,0、Qn) At least one group of electrode data is variable;
s3, calculating theoretical voltage Ute (k) corresponding to current I (k) in a battery cell potential model of the retired battery parallel module;
s4, calculating the root mean square error between the actual terminal voltage U (k) of the retired battery parallel module and the theoretical voltage Ute (k), and if the value of the root mean square error is larger than a preset value, rejecting the retired battery parallel module.
2. The method for eliminating retired battery parallel modules oriented to echelon utilization as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parameter identification in step S3 includes a linear least squares method, a non-linear least squares method, an exhaustive search method, or an intelligent optimization algorithm.
3. The method for eliminating the ex-service battery parallel modules for echelon utilization as claimed in claim 1, further comprising step S0 before step S1: and acquiring the thickness and/or weight and/or internal resistance and/or voltage of the retired battery parallel module, and rejecting the retired battery parallel module if the thickness and/or weight and/or internal resistance and/or voltage of the retired battery parallel module exceed preset values.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step-by-step battery parallel module rejection method includes a direct measurement method or an image analysis method.
5. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the charging loop current I (k) and the actual terminal voltage U (k) of the retired battery parallel module in step S1 include charging and discharging test data or usage data within a preset time period before the retired battery parallel module is retired.
6. The method for eliminating the retired battery parallel module for echelon utilization as claimed in claim 5, wherein the charge and discharge test comprises the following steps:
s10, performing voltage test on the retired battery parallel module, judging whether the voltage is greater than a preset value, if so, entering a step S11, and if not, entering a step S13;
s11, discharging the retired battery parallel module until the voltage of the retired battery parallel module is smaller than a preset value;
s12, standing the retired battery parallel module for a preset time;
s13, performing charging test on the retired battery parallel module, recording the current I (k) of a charging and discharging loop and the actual terminal voltage U (k) of the retired battery parallel module until the voltage at the two ends of the retired battery parallel module is equal to a preset value, meanwhile, judging whether the surface temperature of the retired battery parallel module is larger than the preset value in the charging process, if so, ending the charging, and rejecting the retired battery parallel module.
7. The method for eliminating retired battery parallel modules for echelon utilization as claimed in claim 6, wherein the charging test in step S13 comprises a constant current charging test.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the charging current of the constant current charging test is greater than 1/8C and less than 1/3C.
9. The method for rejecting out-of-service battery parallel modules for echelon utilization according to any one of claims 6 to 8, further comprising step S14 of constant voltage charging the out-of-service battery parallel modules until the current of the out-of-service battery parallel modules is less than a preset value.
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| CN110048512A (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-07-23 | 深圳市科陆电子科技股份有限公司 | Echelon utilizes Vehicular dynamic battery energy-storage system management method and system |
| CN109901072B (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2020-12-25 | 上海毅信环保科技有限公司 | Retired battery parameter detection method based on historical data and laboratory test data |
| CN112578292A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-03-30 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Method and system for graded utilization and sorting of retired batteries |
| CN111438077A (en) * | 2020-04-07 | 2020-07-24 | 北京工业大学 | Method for rapidly screening and detecting echelon utilization performance of retired ternary soft package battery |
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| CN103337671A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-02 | 国家电网公司 | Cascade utilization screening method of waste power batteries |
| CN103785629B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-10-28 | 国家电网公司 | A kind of echelon utilizes lithium battery to screen grouping method |
| CN104267355B (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2017-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Battery sorting method based on working condition measurement and simplified impedance spectrum equivalent-circuit model |
| CN104934650A (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-09-23 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源股份公司 | Method for reusing decommissioned lithium ion power battery |
| CN106816661B (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2019-08-06 | 中国电力科学研究院 | A kind of secondary use selection method of retired lithium-ion-power cell |
| CN107290668A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-24 | 中国电力科学研究院 | The screening method for group matching that a kind of batteries of electric automobile echelon is utilized |
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