CN116819373A - Grading method and grading system for retired batteries for vehicles - Google Patents
Grading method and grading system for retired batteries for vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- CN116819373A CN116819373A CN202310627071.3A CN202310627071A CN116819373A CN 116819373 A CN116819373 A CN 116819373A CN 202310627071 A CN202310627071 A CN 202310627071A CN 116819373 A CN116819373 A CN 116819373A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003862 health status Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical group [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a classification method and a classification system for retired batteries for vehicles. The classification method of the retired battery for the vehicle comprises the steps of obtaining a characteristic classification data set of the battery system based on historical data of the retired battery system; judging whether the characteristic grading data set meets a preset grading threshold value or not; performing balanced maintenance or replacement on the unsatisfied single battery cells, then performing a battery system charge-discharge test to obtain current battery data, and updating the characteristic grading data set; the battery system is ranked according to the feature ranking dataset satisfying the ranking threshold. According to the invention, initial evaluation is carried out according to the historical data of the battery system, whether the classification requirement is met or not is judged, the batteries which are fully classified and fully required are directly classified, the battery pack data are not required to be obtained for all the battery system charge and discharge experiments and then are classified again, the classification efficiency is improved, and the classification cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of retired battery classification, in particular to a classification method and system for a vehicle retired battery.
Background
With the high-speed development of the new energy automobile industry, the power battery will enter a large-scale retirement period. The development of classification and recycling of power cells is an urgent need.
CN109657809a discloses a technique of calculating an index V for evaluating battery consistency from historical data of retired batteries; battery consistency assessment was performed on retired batteries: if the index V is not smaller than the early warning threshold T, judging that the retired battery is required to be classified in groups; grouping all the monomers in the retired battery, and positioning one monomer in each group as a short plate monomer of the group according to preset conditions; the capacity of the short plate unit was measured as a representative capacity of the group in which it was located. The technology only considers the consistency index when the history data is used for preliminary evaluation, and does not consider the overcharge and overdischarge safety index, so that the phenomenon of missed judgment can occur. The grading process needs to be tested again, and has high cost and low efficiency.
CN110614236B discloses a technique that retired battery packs are firstly subjected to preliminary evaluation, and retired battery packs capable of being utilized in a echelon manner are screened; in the step, the battery pack is charged and discharged for preset times, process voltage data of a plurality of modules are collected through the BMS, discharge terminal voltage of the modules is compared, and the modules with the discharge terminal voltage obviously lower than average voltage of the modules are marked so as to facilitate later rejection: disassembling a plurality of modules in the retired battery pack capable of being utilized in a echelon manner into a minimum unit module which is easy to utilize in a echelon manner; performing performance test on the plurality of minimum unit modules, performing preset times of charge and discharge on the disassembled minimum unit modules with preset current, collecting capacity data and internal resistance data of the battery unit modules, calculating internal resistances of the plurality of minimum unit modules according to the collected data, eliminating the minimum unit modules with the internal resistances obviously deviating from an average value, calculating capacity retention rate according to the collected battery unit module data, performing capacity screening on the minimum unit modules according to the capacity retention rate, and eliminating the minimum unit modules with lower capacity coefficients; grading a plurality of minimum unit modules in the retired battery pack according to the test result; and carrying out gradient utilization on the minimum unit modules in the screened retired battery packs according to the classification. The technology needs to be retested in each grading process, and has high cost and low efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a grading method and a grading system for a vehicle retired battery, which are used for carrying out grading preliminary evaluation on the retired battery by using historical data of the retired battery, and identifying a battery system which meets the requirements and does not need retesting and a battery system which needs testing; after identifying the battery system that does not require retesting, the classification is performed directly.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a classification method of retired batteries for vehicles, comprising:
s1, obtaining a characteristic grading data set of a battery system based on historical data of a retired battery system;
s2, judging whether the feature classification data set meets a preset classification threshold, and if so, executing a step S4; if not, executing the step S3 and the step S4 in sequence;
s3, carrying out balanced maintenance or replacement on the unsatisfied single battery cells, then carrying out charge and discharge test on a battery system, obtaining current battery data, and updating the characteristic grading data set;
s4, grading the battery system according to the characteristic grading data set meeting the preset grading threshold.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a classification system for retired batteries for vehicles, comprising:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a characteristic grading data set of the battery system based on historical data of the retired battery system;
the judging module is used for judging whether the characteristic grading data set meets a preset grading threshold value or not;
the updating module is used for carrying out balanced maintenance or replacement on the single battery cells which do not meet the grading threshold value, then carrying out charge and discharge test on the battery system, obtaining current battery data and updating the characteristic grading data set;
and the grading module is used for grading the battery system according to the characteristic grading data set meeting the preset grading threshold.
According to the method, whether the classification threshold is met or not is judged initially according to the historical data of the battery systems, the battery systems meeting the classification threshold are classified directly, and after battery pack data are obtained by not carrying out charge and discharge experiments on all the battery systems, the battery systems are classified again.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a classification method of an in-car retired battery according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the classification system of the retired battery for vehicles according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The invention relates to a rapid grading method taking historical data of retired batteries as a main part and charging and discharging test data as an auxiliary part. The battery which does not need to be subjected to secondary charge and discharge test is screened out through historical data of the retired battery, and is directly classified, so that the classification efficiency is improved, and the classification cost is reduced.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a classification method for retired batteries for vehicles, including:
step S1, obtaining a characteristic grading data set of a battery system through retired battery system historical data;
because each battery system can contain a plurality of boxes, each box comprises a plurality of battery modules, and each battery module comprises a plurality of electric cores. Thus, the feature classification dataset comprises a state of health of the battery system, a state of health of each case, a state of health of each battery module, a state of health of each cell unit; the cell voltage at the time of charge cut-off in the battery system is the highest cell voltage, the cell voltage is the lowest, the cell voltage difference is the maximum voltage between cells, the cell voltage median, the cell voltage standard deviation, and the cell voltage at the time of discharge cut-off in the system is the highest cell voltage, the cell voltage is the lowest, the cell voltage difference is the maximum voltage between cells, the cell voltage median, and the cell voltage standard deviation.
Step S2, judging whether the feature classification data set meets a preset classification threshold, and if the feature classification data set does not meet the classification threshold, sequentially executing step S3 and step S4; if yes, executing step S4;
the preset classification threshold is mainly set from two aspects of safety and voltage consistency of the battery system, and specifically can be realized by setting the safety threshold and the voltage consistency threshold of the battery system.
System safety requires that the battery system cannot be overcharged and overdischarged, so the safety threshold of the battery system comprises an electrical characteristic value range of normal operation of the single battery cell, and in some embodiments, preferably, the electrical characteristic value range comprises a minimum voltage threshold of the single battery cell voltage at the discharge cut-off time and a maximum voltage threshold of the single battery cell voltage at the charge cut-off time, for example, the minimum single battery voltage at the discharge cut-off time needs to be greater than 2500mV, if the single battery cell type used in the battery system is lithium iron phosphate single, the highest single battery voltage at the charge cut-off time needs to be less than 3650mV, and if the single battery cell type is ternary single, the highest single battery voltage at the charge cut-off time needs to be less than 4300mV.
The voltage consistency threshold of the battery system mainly comprises dispersion threshold values of all single cell voltages, wherein the dispersion threshold values comprise dispersion threshold value ranges of all single cell voltages at the charge cut-off time and dispersion threshold value ranges of all single cell voltages at the discharge cut-off time, and the dispersion degree of all single cell voltages at the charge cut-off time and the discharge cut-off time is required to be lower than a set threshold value range.
The threshold range of the dispersion degree of the voltage of all the single cells at the charging cut-off time is obtained by calculating the median of the voltage of all the single cells at the charging cut-off time, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the threshold range are respectively obtained by subtracting or adding the median of the voltage of all the single cells at the charging cut-off time and the multiple of the standard deviation of the voltage of the single cells.
The dispersion threshold range of the voltage of all the single cells at the discharge cut-off time is obtained by calculating the median of the voltage of all the single cells at the discharge cut-off time, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value of the dispersion threshold range are respectively obtained by subtracting or adding multiples of the median of the voltage of all the single cells at the discharge cut-off time and the standard deviation of the voltage of the single cells.
For example, all the cell voltages at the charge cutoff time and the discharge cutoff time are within a preset threshold range, such as a range from-3 x cell voltage standard deviation to +3 x cell voltage standard deviation.
Step S3: performing balanced maintenance or replacement on the single bodies which do not meet the classification requirements, performing a system charge-discharge test to obtain battery data, and updating the characteristic classification data set;
the balancing maintenance means that battery balancing equipment is used for reducing the voltage difference of the single cells in the battery pack and improving the consistency of the single cells. The replacement refers to replacing a single battery cell in the battery pack.
The system charge and discharge test needs to adopt battery pack charge and discharge test equipment.
Step S4: and grading the battery system according to the characteristic grading data set meeting the preset grading threshold.
For example, according to the maximum voltage difference (DeltaV) between the single cells at the end of charge or the time of cut-off and the state of health (SOH) of the battery system, the retired battery is classified with reference to the following table 1, and different classification results have different production uses, for example, the class a may be used for commercial vehicles, the class B may be used for energy storage, the class C may be used for scooter vehicles, the class D may be used for sharing electric vehicles, and the class E has no recycling value.
Table 1 retired battery grading table
| SOH≥90％ | 80％≤SOH<90％ | 70％≤SOH<80％ | 60％≤SOH<70％ | SOH<60％ | |
| DeltaV<300mV | A | B | C | D | E |
| 300≤DeltaV<500mV | D | D | D | D | E |
| DeltaV≥500mV | E | E | E | E | E |
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a classification system for retired batteries for vehicles, including:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a characteristic grading data set of the battery system based on historical data of the retired battery system;
the judging module is used for judging whether the characteristic grading data set meets a preset grading threshold value or not;
the updating module is used for carrying out balanced maintenance or replacement on the single battery cells which do not meet the grading threshold value, then carrying out charge and discharge test on the battery system, obtaining current battery data and updating the characteristic grading data set;
and the grading module is used for grading the battery system according to the characteristic grading data set meeting the preset grading threshold.
In the system for classifying the retired battery for a vehicle according to the present embodiment, the battery classification technique is classified by using the technique of the embodiment of the classification method for the retired battery for a vehicle, and for the classification process, please refer to the description of the embodiment of the classification method for the retired battery for a vehicle, which is not repeated here.
According to the grading technology, safety and consistency requirements are considered when the batteries are graded according to the historical data of the batteries, the batteries meeting the grading requirements are directly graded, all battery systems do not need to be subjected to charge and discharge experiments to obtain battery pack data, most battery systems can be directly graded, grading efficiency is improved to a great extent, and grading cost is reduced.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The grading method of the retired battery for the vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, obtaining a characteristic grading data set of a battery system based on historical data of a retired battery system;
s2, judging whether the feature classification data set meets a preset classification threshold, and if so, executing a step S4;
optionally, if not, sequentially executing the step S3 and the step S4;
s3, carrying out balanced maintenance or replacement on the unsatisfied single battery cells, then carrying out charge and discharge test on a battery system, obtaining current battery data, and updating the characteristic grading data set;
s4, grading the battery system according to the characteristic grading data set meeting the preset grading threshold.
2. The method for classifying retired batteries for vehicles according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the characteristic classification data set includes a health status of a battery system, a health status of each box, a health status of each battery module, and a health status of each single cell; the battery system comprises a single cell highest single voltage, a single cell lowest voltage, a single cell maximum voltage difference, a single cell voltage median and a single cell voltage standard deviation at the charge cut-off time and the discharge cut-off time.
3. The method of grading retired batteries for vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that in step S2, the preset grading threshold comprises a safety threshold and a voltage consistency threshold of the battery system.
4. A method of grading an automotive retired battery according to claim 3, wherein the safety threshold of the battery system comprises a range of electrical characteristic values for normal operation of the individual cells; the electrical characteristic value range preferably includes a minimum voltage threshold of the cell voltage at the discharge cut-off time and a maximum voltage threshold of the cell voltage at the charge cut-off time;
preferably, the voltage uniformity threshold of the battery system comprises a dispersion threshold of all cell voltages, and the dispersion threshold preferably comprises a dispersion threshold range of all cell voltages at a charge cut-off time and a dispersion threshold range of all cell voltages at a discharge cut-off time.
5. The classification method of retired batteries for vehicles according to claim 4, wherein the threshold range of dispersion of all the cell voltages at the charging cut-off time is obtained by calculating the median of all the cell voltages at the charging cut-off time, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value are obtained by subtracting or adding the median of all the cell voltages at the charging cut-off time and the multiple of the standard deviation of the cell voltages respectively;
preferably, the dispersion threshold range of all the cell voltages at the discharge cut-off time is obtained by calculating the median of all the cell voltages at the discharge cut-off time, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value are obtained by subtracting or adding multiples of the standard deviation of the cell voltages from the median of all the cell voltages at the discharge cut-off time.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the battery system is classified according to the maximum voltage difference between the battery cells at the end of charge or the time of cutoff and the state of health of the battery system.
7. Grading system of automobile-used retired battery, characterized by, include:
the acquisition module is used for acquiring a characteristic grading data set of the battery system based on historical data of the retired battery system;
the judging module is used for judging whether the characteristic grading data set meets a preset grading threshold value or not;
the updating module is used for carrying out balanced maintenance or replacement on the single battery cells which do not meet the grading threshold value, then carrying out charge and discharge test on the battery system, obtaining current battery data and updating the characteristic grading data set;
and the grading module is used for grading the battery system according to the characteristic grading data set meeting the preset grading threshold.
8. The grading system of retired batteries for vehicles according to claim 7, wherein the characteristic grading data set comprises the state of health of the battery system, the state of health of each box, the state of health of each battery module, the state of health of each individual cell; the battery system comprises a single cell highest single voltage, a single cell lowest voltage, a single cell maximum voltage difference, a single cell voltage median and a single cell voltage standard deviation at the charge cut-off time and the discharge cut-off time.
9. The classification system of retired batteries for vehicles according to claim 7, wherein the preset classification threshold comprises a safety threshold and a voltage compliance threshold for the battery system;
preferably, the safety threshold of the battery system comprises an electrical characteristic value range of normal operation of the single battery cell, wherein the electrical characteristic value range preferably comprises a minimum voltage threshold of single battery cell voltage at the discharge cut-off moment and a maximum voltage threshold of single battery cell voltage at the charge cut-off moment;
preferably, the voltage uniformity threshold of the battery system comprises a dispersion threshold of all cell voltages, and the dispersion threshold preferably comprises a dispersion threshold range of all cell voltages at the charge cut-off time and a dispersion threshold range of all cell voltages at the discharge cut-off time.
10. The grading system of the retired battery for the vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the dispersion threshold range of the voltages of all the single cells at the charging cut-off time is obtained by calculating the median of the voltages of all the single cells at the charging cut-off time, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value are respectively obtained by subtracting or adding the median of the voltages of all the single cells at the charging cut-off time and the multiple of the standard deviation of the voltages of the single cells;
preferably, the dispersion threshold range of all the cell voltages at the discharge cut-off time is obtained by calculating the median of all the cell voltages at the discharge cut-off time, and the upper limit value and the lower limit value are obtained by subtracting or adding multiples of the standard deviation of the cell voltages from the median of all the cell voltages at the discharge cut-off time.
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| CN202310627071.3A CN116819373A (en) | 2023-05-31 | 2023-05-31 | Grading method and grading system for retired batteries for vehicles |
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| CN202310627071.3A CN116819373A (en) | 2023-05-31 | 2023-05-31 | Grading method and grading system for retired batteries for vehicles |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117318252A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2023-12-29 | 深圳市德兰明海新能源股份有限公司 | Battery pack charge and discharge protection method and device |
| CN118381163A (en) * | 2024-06-20 | 2024-07-23 | 西安奇点能源股份有限公司 | Method and system for detecting abnormal power grading faults of energy storage cabinet |
-
2023
- 2023-05-31 CN CN202310627071.3A patent/CN116819373A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117318252A (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2023-12-29 | 深圳市德兰明海新能源股份有限公司 | Battery pack charge and discharge protection method and device |
| CN117318252B (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-04-09 | 深圳市德兰明海新能源股份有限公司 | Battery pack charge and discharge protection method and device |
| CN118381163A (en) * | 2024-06-20 | 2024-07-23 | 西安奇点能源股份有限公司 | Method and system for detecting abnormal power grading faults of energy storage cabinet |
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