CN114832074A - 一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于中兽药技术领域,具体涉及一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物及其制备方法和用途。所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝50‑70份、制附子50‑70份、鸡血藤50‑70份、车前子50‑70份、紫菀40‑60份、大黄30‑50份、土茯苓35‑45份、焦三仙15‑30份、细辛15‑30份、苦参15‑30份、蛇床子20‑40份、甘草20‑40份。本发明中药组合物通过辛、温、甘等温里中药,回阳救逆,治疗非洲猪瘟起效快,治愈率高、无毒副作用,能够显著降低非洲猪瘟发病率,同时还可有效预防非洲猪瘟,具有良好的市场应用前景和推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中兽药技术领域,具体涉及一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
非洲猪瘟(Africanswinfever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(Africanswinefevervius,ASFV)引起的一种急性、烈性、高度接触性传染病,临床症状以高热、皮肤充血、网状内皮系统和猪全身脏器岀血、呼吸障碍和神经系统功能的改变等,该病以发病过程短,高死亡率为特征。
非洲猪瘟自1909年首次在东非肯尼亚发现以来,至今已有100 多年的历史。曾先后在南非、西班牙、法国、古巴、俄罗斯等国爆发流行,给许多国家都造成了巨大的经济损失。
对非洲猪瘟疫苗的研究始于1960年代,但均以失败告终,灭活病毒和灭活感染细胞免疫都不能提供有效保护。所以,迄今为止,世界上尚无能够对非洲猪瘟病毒感染进行有效预防和控制的疫苗。
此外,目前也没有公认有效的用于非洲猪瘟的治疗药物。西医治疗本病的缺点是,对非洲猪瘟病毒发病治疗机理不清楚,药效难达其位,很长时间的西医化,对抗生素的依赖在治疗非瘟或保育时严重破坏了肌体免疫功能系统,使病毒对猪的健康进行了严重的肆疟,造成病毒范滥,加速了病毒入内的行进。中医中药是我国医学独有的优势,历史悠久,数千年来为广大人民群众的医疗保健作出了重要的贡献。中药抗病毒已成为现代医药学研究的热点,现代研究表明,部分中药对病毒具有抑制杀灭作用。在现代医学防控非洲猪瘟还缺乏有效产品的情况下,采用传统中医药防控非洲猪瘟具有明显的优势。
但是,尚未见真正在中兽医药理论指导下研发出的具有良好的预防或治疗非洲猪瘟作用的中药组合物产品。目前市场上可见的此类产品,例如,板青颗粒,长期使用容易导致动物气滞血瘀。另外,还有一类产品,例如,黄连解毒散,常重用黄连、黄柏、栀子等清热解毒泄火药材,但长期使用此类药物则容易耗损正气,不利于稳固免疫屏障。
有鉴于此,市场上急需开发一种安全绿色、标本兼治、价格低廉、使用方便的用于预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明开发了一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物及其制备方法和用途。本发明通过辛、温、甘等温里中药,回阳救逆,以组分中的能量药、辛味药助温里药给细胞提供充足的营养和能量,通过回阳救逆,温通血脉,濡养脏腑使体温恢复正常而愈使肌体康复,避免了用寒凉药误病反治的危害。
具体地,通过以下几个方面的技术方案实现了本发明:
在第一个方面中,本发明提供了一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝50-70 份、制附子50-70份、鸡血藤50-70份、车前子50-70份、紫菀40-60 份、大黄30-50份、土茯苓35-45份、焦三仙15-30份、细辛15-30份、苦参15-30份、蛇床子20-40份、甘草20-40份。
作为可选的方式,在上述中药组合物中,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝55-65份、制附子55-65份、鸡血藤55-65 份、车前子55-65份、紫菀45-55份、大黄35-45份、土茯苓35-45 份、焦三仙20-30份、细辛15-25份、苦参15-25份、蛇床子25-35 份、甘草25-35份。
作为可选的方式,在上述中药组合物中,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝60份、制附子60份、鸡血藤60份、车前子60份、紫菀50份、大黄40份、土茯苓40份、焦三仙25份、细辛20份、苦参20份、蛇床子30份、甘草25份。
在第二个方面中,本发明提供了上述第一个方面所述的中药组合物的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将桂枝、细辛、土茯苓和蛇床子混合超微粉碎,制得混合超微粉;
(2)将制附子、鸡血藤、紫菀、车前子、焦三仙、大黄、苦参、甘草加水进行煎煮,第一次煎煮1-3小时过滤得一次滤液后,再煎煮 1-3小时,过滤得二次滤液,合并一次滤液和二次滤液,经浓缩制得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合超微粉作为底料,喷入步骤(2) 制得的浓缩液,经一步造粒,混匀,制得所述中药组合物颗粒。
作为可选的方式,在上述制备方法中,在步骤(1)中,所述超微粉的细度为200目。
作为可选的方式,在上述制备方法中,在步骤(2)中,第一次煎煮和第二次煎煮的时间均为1.5小时。
在第三个方面中,本发明提供了一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药制剂,所述中药制剂包含上述第一个方面所述的中药组合物,或者采用上述第二个方面所述制备方法制备得到的中药组合物,以及兽药学上可接受的辅料。
作为可选的方式,在上述中药制剂中,所述中药制剂的剂型为粉剂、散剂、口服液或颗粒剂。
在第四个方面中,本发明提供了上述第一个方面所述的中药组合物或者上述第三个方面所述的中药制剂在制备预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的兽药中的应用。
作为可选的方式,在上述用途中,用于预防非洲猪瘟的用途时,将所述中药组合物或中药制剂加入猪饲料中。
本发明相对于现有技术,具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明通过辛、温、甘等温里中药,回阳救逆,以组分中的能量药、辛味药助温里药给细胞提供充足的营养和能量,通过回阳救逆,温通血脉,濡养脏腑使体温恢复正常而愈使肌体康复,避免了用寒凉药误病反治的危害。
(2)本发明在传统中医组方的基础上,利用现代制剂工艺并进行深度优化,采用动态煎煮工艺、一步造粒技术,本发明所述制备方法具有制备工艺简便、高效、节能、有效成分破坏少等优点。
(3)本发明中药组合物治疗非洲猪瘟起效快,治愈率高、无毒副作用,能够显著降低非洲猪瘟发病率,同时还可有效预防非洲猪瘟,具有良好的市场应用前景和推广价值。
具体实施方式
在本发明所述中药组合物的方解分析如下所示:
非洲猪瘟属于中医寒湿干冷疫毒化热导致瘟毒致病范畴,其毒性暴戾猛烈、来势凶猛,传播迅速,极易内攻脏腑,不断恶化,出现痉厥、斑疹、吐血、衄血、尿血、便血、毒热伤津、神昏。非瘟病毒(毒邪)致病缠绵难治的病因,其病毒(毒邪)侵入膜原即病毒盘踞在半表半里,毒入血络,病位深在。寒凉药、水剂药难达其位,很多医者只知非洲猪瘟是火热高烧治其火(热),确没有想到到非瘟是寒湿(疫毒) 化热致毒所治其寒。只有用本发明所述的组分具有强大的温里药作用、辛温作用、营养能量作用、燥湿作用等所具备的功能成分产生强大的热能,才能使病毒囊膜体壳热涨、内压升高、囊膜病毒变圆膨大、裂解、破碎、凋亡。通过解肌、畅通二便,将病理产物排除体外,达到治愈非洲猪瘟和预防非洲猪瘟的目的。
本发明的特点是通过辛、温、甘等温里中药,回阳救逆。以组份中的能量药、辛味药助温里药给细胞提供充足的营养和能量,通过回阳救逆,温通血脉,濡养脏腑使体温恢复正常而愈使肌体康复,避免了用寒凉药误病反治的危害。
如本文所用,“桂枝”性辛、甘,温。归心、肺,膀胱经。发汗解肌,温通经脉、助阳化气,平冲降气,调和营卫。本品辛甘温煦,甘温通阳扶卫,其开奏发汗之力较麻黄温和。若营血不足,卫表不固,寒湿凝滞,桂枝善于宣阳气于卫分,畅营血于肌表,故有助卫实表,发汗解肌,外散风寒之功。风寒夹湿袭表,湿阻经络、形寒脉缓、经络拘束、头身重痛,水湿不化,聚为痰饮,表现为咳喘、水肿之证,若饮留胸膈,上迫于肺,肺失宣降,胸闷短气,咳逆喘息,发为支饮,或外寒引动内饮、恶寒发热,寒热虚实错杂,胸高喘满。对于外感风寒,不论表实无汗、表虚有汗及阳虚受寒者均宜使用。入足厥阴肝经,足太阳膀胱经。入肝家而行血分,走经络而达荣郁,善解风邪,最调木气,升清阳之脱陷,降浊阴之冲逆,舒筋脉之急挛,利关节之壅阻,入肝胆而散遏抑。极止痛楚,通经络而开痹涩,甚去寒湿。寒气郁结不舒者,惟辛温可以散之,桂枝性温补阳,而香气最烈,则不专于补、而又能驱逐阴邪。凡气所结能与药相拒、非此不能入也。能止奔豚,更安惊悸。透达营卫,故能解肌而风邪去,脾主营,肺主卫,甘走脾,辛走肺。《本草疏证》和营、通阳、利水、下气、行瘀、补中。桂枝能抑制IgE抗体所引起的肥大细胞脱颗粒释放介质,有抗过敏作用,在体外对血小板聚集有抑制作用并有抗凝血酶作用,治伤风头痛,开腠理,解表,去皮风湿。体外实验证明,桂枝醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌、痢疾杆菌及伤寒杆菌等均有一定抑制作用,桂枝水煎液对流感病毒亚甲京科68-1株和孤儿病毒(ECHO11) 均有抑制作用。
如本文所用,“制附子”性辛、甘,大热。归心、肾,脾经。回阳救逆,补火助阳,散寒止痛,本品辛甘热,为纯阳燥烈之品,效力强大,能上助心阳以通脉,中温脾阳而散寒,下补肾阳以益火,能复散失之元阳,能回于顷刻之间,为回阳救逆第一品药。本品辛散温通,助阳温经解表,散寒力强,能通行十二经脉,能驱逐风寒湿邪(或所致的化热化毒)。本品辛热燥烈,温散寒邪,振奋心阳,故可用治阴寒积聚、腹痛便秘,胁下偏痛,发热,脉沉弦而紧,附子入手少阳三焦、命门之剂,浮中沉,无所不至,味辛大热,为阳中之阳,故行而不止,本品味辛甘性温,既能补肾火而助肾阳,又能温经通络,配大黄、细辛以温经散寒通便致使病毒排出体外。《本草汇言》“附子,回阳气、散阴寒,逐冷痰,通关节之猛药,诸病真阳不足,虚火上升,咽喉不利,饮食不入,服寒药愈甚者,制附子乃命门主药,能入其窟穴(即膜原半表半里基地)而招之,引火归原,则浮游之火自熄矣。凡属阳虚阴极之侯,肺肾无热证者,服之有起死之殊功”。附子味辛气温,火性迅发,无所不到,故为回阳救逆第一品药。附子粗多糖和酸性多糖有显著的抗衰老和增强免疫机能作用。通过刺激IL-2分泌来参与调节机体免疫功能。附子水煎液能促进阳虚小鼠脾细胞产生抗体。
如本文所用,“鸡血藤”味苦、甘,温。归旰、肾经。活血调经,舒筋活血,补血。本品苦甘性温,善入肝经血分,即能补血,又可活血,本品既能行血补血,又能舒筋活络,对于老年体衰,血不养筋,风湿痹痛瘀滞。本品补血而不滞血,去瘀血,生新血,流利经脉,治暑痧,风血痹症。为强壮性之补血药,有活血镇痛之效。鸡血藤提取物对单纯疱疹病毒I型有较强的作用。鸡血藤水提物的聚酰胺柱层析成分具有极強的抑制HIV-RT活性作用。当浓度为21μg/mL时,可完全抑制HlV-RT的活性。鸡血藤水提液在VeroE6细胞中对肠道病毒具有明显的抑制作用,直接杀灭柯萨奇B3病毒CVB3,而且还可进入细胞或吸附在细胞表面,达到抑制或杀伤病毒的效果。
如本文所用,“紫菀”味辛、苦,温。归肺经。润肺下气,消痰止咳。咳喘痰多、新久咳嗽、劳嗽咳血,本品甘润苦泄,辛温不燥,主入肺经,长于润肺下气,开肺郁,化痰浊而止咳逆、咳嗽喘息、肺气虚衰。肺劳咳嗽、痰中带血。“紫菀,柔润有余,虽曰苦辛而温,非燥烈可比,专能开泄肺郁,定咳降逆,宣通室滞,兼疏肺家气血。凡风寒外束,肺气壅塞,咳呛不爽,喘促哮吼,及气火燔灼,郁为肺痈,咳吐脓血,痰臭腥秽诸证,无不治之”。为血劳圣药,又能通利小肠。《本经》:“主咳逆上气,胸中寒热结气,去盅毒、痿蹶,安五脏”。《新修本草》“治气喘,阴痿”。《日华子》:“调中及肺痿吐血,消痰,止渴,润肌肤,添骨髓。开喉痹、取恶涏、血枯气燥、大便不通,小便不利”。紫菀煎剂体外实验对痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、副伤寒杆菌、大肠杆菌、变形杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌等有抑菌作用,紫菀1:50和1:100浓度体外实验分别对人型和牛型结核杆菌有抑制作用,并对鼠实验性结核病有一定疗效。
如本文所用,“车前子”味甘,微寒。归肝、肾、肺、小肠经。清热通淋,明目,祛痰,利二便。本品甘寒滑利清利湿热,利水通淋,为治淋要药。车前子性寒泄热,清泻肝火而明目,本品性寒入肺,具有清肺化痰之功,用治肺热咳嗽,吐黄痰,主气癃,止痛,利水道小便,随剂量的改善而通大便,除湿痹,养肺强阴益精,导小肠中热,消上焦火热,开中焦畅通,镇咳,祛痰。车前子多糖阴道内注入50μL,连续7天后,对阴道群菌失调模型小鼠可明显提高其乳杆菌数量。
如本文所用,“细辛”,性辛,温。归心、肺、肾经。祛风散寒,祛风止痛,通窍,温肺化饮。细辛大热,搜风入骨,本品辛温发散,芳香透达,散寒力胜,达表入里,入肺经既散在表之风寒,入肾经又除在里的寒邪,本品辛温走窜,芳香最烈,宣泄郁滞,上达巅顶,通利九窍,善治头面诸疾,为通窍止痛要药。辛散温通,既可外散表寒,散表里寒邪以温经,活血通脉以止痛,又能下气破痰,细辛为散邪消痰涤饮之佳品。《神农本草经》云细辛主:"百节拘挛,风湿痹痛、死肌",故本品为通痹散结的要药。细辛既散少阴肾经在里之寒邪以通阳散结,又搜筋骨之间的风湿而蠲痹止痛,故善治气血亏虚,肝肾不足,腰膝冷痛,屈伸不利,畏寒喜温,久痹不愈。本品性温,温肾暖脾,以除脏寒,味辛制蛔杀虫,盖"虫得辛则伏",又收驱蛔之效。辛能温散,故治诸风寒风湿头痛、痰饮、胸中滞气、惊痫,口疮、喉痹。"辛能泻肺,故治风寒咳嗽上气。辛能补肝,故治胆气不足,惊痫、眼目诸病。辛能润燥,故通少阴及耳窍,便涩。细辛佐桂枝能驱脏腑之寒,佐制附子能散诸疾之冷,又能治风火齿痛而散解诸郁热最验。《本草正义》"细辛,芳香最烈,故善开结气,宣泄郁滞,而能上达巅顶,通利耳目,旁达百骸,无微不至,内之宣络脉而疏通百节,外之行孔窍而直达肌肤。细辛有增强心肌收缩力,增加心率,改善心功能,保护心肌细胞的作用。对细胞免疫、体液免疫均有抑制作。细辛0.5g/次小鼠灌胃,连续10日,可以减少溶血空斑试验细胞数目,降低巨噬细胞的吞噬百分率、吞噬指数,以及白细胞移动抑制指数,并减少Th细胞百分率,降低Th/Ts比值。细辛5g/kg给小鼠灌胃,连续10日,可以抑制新城疫病毒和ConA诱导的小鼠脾细产生α和γ干扰素。此外,细辛水提取物0.4g/mL,对人乳头瘤病毒有破坏作用。
如本文所用,“土茯苓”性甘、淡,平。归肝,胃经。解毒、除湿,通利关节。本品甘淡,解毒利湿。健脾胃,强筋骨,治拘挛骨痛,恶疮痈肿。土茯苓甘淡而平,能去脾湿,湿去则营卫从而筋脉柔,肌肉实而拘挛痛漏愈矣。长于去湿,去热,能通经入络,搜剔湿热之蕴毒。彼以升提收毒上行,而此以渗利下导为务。深入百络,关节疼痛,甚至腐烂,又治毒火上行,咽喉痛溃,一切恶症。土茯苓有较好的抗人巨细胞毒作用,治疗指数高。保护大鼠下腔静脉内皮细胞,防止内皮损伤。士茯苓味甘淡而平,"甘能解毒、能补、健脾胃、去风湿,脾胃健则营卫从。淡可分消,又能益脾胃通肝肾,使土旺湿除。利湿化浊,祛瘀通淋。土茯苓有较强的抗病毒、抗菌及抗螺旋体作用,土茯苓入太阴脾经、足少阴肾经、足厥阴肝经其失调达,湿毒蕴热积聚,疫毒侵袭,气血雍滞,经络阻隔,杀虫解毒,利湿避疫。具有抗菌、消炎、退热、镇痛、解痉、促进并改善血液循环,减轻组织损伤,保护细胞,增强免疫等多种作用。
如本文所用,“焦三仙”味酸、甘,微温。归脾、胃、肝经。功效:用于肉面积滞、消食散瘀、温胃化痰、逐水消滞、消积导滞。
如本文所用,“大黄”味苦,寒。归脾、胃、大肠、肝、心包经。功效:泻下攻积、清热泻火、凉血解毒、逐瘀通经、利湿退黄。善能泻下荡涤肠胃积滞、治肠胃湿热积滞、痰涎壅盛,毒热炽盛而大便结。 "荡涤肠胃,推陈致新"。具有抗真菌,抗病毒,抗寄生虫作用。
如本文所用,“苦参”味苦,寒。归心、肝、胃、大肠、膀胱经。功效:清热燥湿,杀虫利尿。本品苦寒,功能清热燥湿、湿热蕴结肠胃,腹痛泄泻或下痢便血,治风疹、疥癣,本品苦寒沉降,既清下焦湿热,又能杀虫止痒。"主心腹结气,癓瘕积聚,黄疸,溺有余沥,逐水,除痈肿,补中,明目止泪。"退热泄降,荡涤湿火,其燥尤烈。故能杀湿热所生之虫,然毒风恶癞,非此不除。
如本文所用,“蛇床子”味辛、苦,温。归肾经。功效:杀虫止痒,祛风燥湿,温肾壮阳。"外疡温热痛痒、浸淫诸疮″阴部湿祥,湿疹,疥癣,寒湿滞下,湿痹腰痛,肾虚阳痿,宫冷不孕,本品辛温苦燥,祛风散寒燥湿,通行经络,疏利关节而止痹痛,可用于寒湿之邪留滞于督、肾之经脉而见腰痛,伴有九尾及下肢疼痛,蛇床子有较好的燥湿祛风、杀虫止痒,阴痒带下,周身皮肤风痒、疥疮顽癣等症。
如本文所用,“甘草”味甘、平。归脾、胃、心肺经。主五脏六腑寒热邪气,坚筋骨,长肌肉,倍力,金疮肿,解毒。安魂定魄,补五劳七伤,一切虚损、惊悸、烦闷、健忘。通九窍,利百脉,益精养气,壮筋骨,解冷热,调和诸药相协,去寒邪,养血补胃。治肺痿之脓血,消五发之疮疽,与黄耆同功。炙之则气温,补三焦元气,而散表寒,除邪热,去咽痛,缓正气,养阴血,阳不足者补之以甘,甘温能除大热。
下面参照具体的实施例对本发明做进一步说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件,或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可通过正规渠道购买得到的常规产品。
下面实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均为市售产品。
制备实施例:
实施例1
一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝60g、制附子60g、鸡血藤60g、车前子60g、紫菀50g、大黄40g、土茯苓40g、焦三仙25g、细辛 20g、苦参20g、蛇床子30g、甘草25g。
所述中药组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将桂枝、细辛、土茯苓和蛇床子混合超微粉碎,制得混合超微粉,所述超微粉的细度为200目;
(2)将鸡血藤、制附子、紫菀、车前子、焦三仙、大黄、苦参、甘草加水进行煎煮,第一次煎煮1.5小时过滤得一次滤液后,加水再煎煮1.5小时,过滤得二次滤液,合并一次滤液和二次滤液,经浓缩制得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合超微粉作为底料,喷入步骤(2) 制得的浓缩液,经一步造粒,混匀,制得所述中药组合物颗粒。
实施例2
一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝65g、制附子60g、鸡血藤65g、车前子60g、紫菀50g、大黄40g、土茯苓40g、焦三仙20g、细辛 20g、苦参20g、蛇床子30g、甘草20g。
所述中药组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝55g、制附子60g、鸡血藤60g、车前子60g、紫菀55g、大黄45g、土茯苓35g、焦三仙25g、细辛 20g、苦参20g、蛇床子30g、甘草25g。
所述中药组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1
一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝40g、制附子60g、鸡血藤40g、车前子60g、紫菀50g、细辛20g、土茯苓40g、焦三仙25g、大黄 50g、苦参50g、蛇床子30g、甘草25g。
所述中药组合物的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例2
一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:麻黄60g、制附子60g、鸡血藤60g、车前子60g、紫菀50g、大黄40g、土茯苓40g、焦三仙25g、细辛 20g、苦参20g、蛇床子30g、甘草25g。
所述中药组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将麻黄、细辛、土茯苓和蛇床子混合超微粉碎,制得混合超微粉,所述超微粉的细度为200目;
(2)将鸡血藤、制附子、紫菀、车前子、焦三仙、大黄、苦参、甘草加水进行煎煮,第一次煎煮1.5小时过滤得一次滤液后,加水再煎煮1.5小时,过滤得二次滤液,合并一次滤液和二次滤液,经浓缩制得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合超微粉作为底料,喷入步骤(2) 制得的浓缩液,经一步造粒,混匀,制得所述中药组合物颗粒。
对比例3
一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝80g、鸡血藤80g、紫菀70g、车前子 60g、大黄40g、土茯苓40g、焦三仙25g、细辛20g、苦参20g、蛇床子30g、甘草25g。
所述中药组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将桂枝、细辛、土茯苓和蛇床子混合超微粉碎,制得混合超微粉,所述超微粉的细度为200目;
(2)将鸡血藤、紫菀、车前子、焦三仙、大黄、苦参、甘草加水进行煎煮,第一次煎煮1.5小时过滤得一次滤液后,加水再煎煮 1.5小时,过滤得二次滤液,合并一次滤液和二次滤液,经浓缩制得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合超微粉作为底料,喷入步骤(2) 制得的浓缩液,经一步造粒,混匀,制得所述中药组合物颗粒。
对比例4
一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝60g、制附子60g、鸡血藤60g、车前子60g、紫菀50g、大黄40g、土茯苓40g、焦三仙25g、细辛 20g、苦参20g、蛇床子30g、甘草25g。
所述中药组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将桂枝、土茯苓和蛇床子混合普通粉碎,制得混合粉末,所述粉末的细度为80目;
(2)将鸡血藤、紫菀、车前子、焦三仙、大黄、苦参、甘草加水进行煎煮,第一次煎煮1.5小时过滤得一次滤液后,加水再煎煮 1.5小时,过滤得二次滤液,合并一次滤液和二次滤液,经浓缩制得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合粉末作为底料,喷入步骤(2)制得的浓缩液,经一步造粒,混匀,制得所述中药组合物颗粒。
对比例5
选用银翘散,出自吴瑭的《温病条例》是辛凉透表清热解毒的代表方剂。组方是;君药:金银花70份(作用,辟秽化浊),连翘65 份(作用,辛凉透表)。臣药:薄荷30份(作用:发散风热),牛旁子30份(作用,解表利咽)。佐药,荊芥穗20份(作用祛风解表),淡豆豉25份(作用,解表除烦,芦根50份(作用,清热生津),淡竹叶20份(作用:清心利尿),桔梗30份(作用:载药上行),甘草30份(作用:和桔梗利咽)。
制备方法为常规水煎煮两次,然后浓缩制粒。
效果实施例:
河北保定附近某猪场,存栏生猪约2000余头,于2021年12月发生非洲猪瘟,已病死生猪180余头,其余生猪1600余头经试纸检测和荧光定量PCR检测为非洲猪瘟阴性,为未发病猪,这些猪的外观毛色、采食、饮水等均正常。另外,有200余头生猪经试纸检测和荧光定量PCR检测为非洲猪瘟阳性,经兽医确诊为非洲猪瘟病猪,病猪症状:体温升高41℃-42℃,采食量减少,已出现部分猪食欲废绝。精神沉郁,呼吸困难,皮肤充血,出现紫色班,呕吐,腹泻或便秘,已有猪岀现便血。
(1)预防效果试验
从1600余头非洲猪瘟阴性生猪中随机挑出450头,随机分成9 组,每组50头,分别为空白组、实施例1组、实施例2组、实施例 3组、对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组和对比例 5组。
其中,空白组试验期间除基础饲料营养外不用任何药物;实施例 1-3组和对比例1-5组的中药组合物1kg颗粒拌料500kg进行喂养,试验期间各组猪饲喂条件和环境保持一致,自由采食,自由饮水,试验期30天,实验结束,全群进行非洲猪瘟检测。
治疗期间猪舍每天严格消毒,保持卫生,粪便用火碱浸1小时堆积粪沟,封闭,路上铺上生石灰,饲养员每天洗澡,更换用消毒液浸泡过的消毒衣服。
结果判定标准:试验期间猪只未发生非洲猪瘟的,判定为预防有效,期间发病(经试纸检测和荧光定量PCR检测为非洲猪瘟阳性的) 判定为预防无效。
试验结果如下表1所示。
表1:本发明中药组合物预防非洲猪瘟的试验结果
从表1中可以看出,在空白组的50头猪中,如果不使用药物干预,在试验期30天内,有多达41头猪发病。
在试验期间,实施例1-3组对非洲猪瘟预防的总有效率分别为 96%、92%和94%,说明本发明中药组合物对非洲猪瘟具有非常显著的预防作用,能够明显提高猪体对感染非洲猪瘟的阈值,且其对非洲猪瘟的预防效果显著优于目前常用的通过清热解毒防治非洲猪瘟的药物银翘散(对比例5组的总有效率为40%)。
而改变本发明中药组合物中各药味的比例(例如,减少温辛药的用量,增加清热解毒药的用量,见对比例1组),将本发明中药组合物中的药味替换成具有类似功效的其他药味(对比例2组),减少本发明中药组合物中的药味(对比例3组)或者改变本发明中药组合物的制备方法(对比例4组)均会导致本发明中药组合物对非洲猪瘟的预防作用不同程度的降低,这表明本发明中药组合物中各药味的种类、用量配比以及制备方法均对其预防非洲猪瘟的作用具有显著影响。
(2)治疗效果试验
从200余头非洲猪瘟阳性生猪中随机挑出180头,随机分成9 组,每组20头,分别为空白组、实施例1组、实施例2组、实施例 3组、对比例1组、对比例2组、对比例3组、对比例4组和对比例5组。
其中,空白试验组试验期间除基础饲料营养外不用任何药物;实施例1-3组和对比例1-5组的中药组合物1kg颗粒拌料500kg进行喂养,试验期间各组猪饲喂条件和环境保持一致,自由采食,自由饮水,试验期30天,实验结束,全群进行非洲猪瘟检测。
治疗期间猪舍每天严格消毒,保持卫生,粪便用火碱浸1小时堆积粪沟,封闭,路上铺上生石灰,饲养员每天洗澡,更换用消毒液浸泡过的消毒衣服。
结果判定标准:试验期间统计饲料消耗和健康状况,计算采食量,观察并记录猪的行为和健康状况。
临床效果判定标准为:
1)有效:精神基本正常或精神、采食基本正常、体温正常,无皮肤发红、无呼吸道症状、无尿血,有轻微眼屎泪斑或眼屎泪斑不明显,鼻镜湿润,粪便干稀正常,无非洲猪瘟阳性检出;
2)无效:精神萎靡,发烧,食欲明显减退甚至废绝,眼屎泪斑明显,身上有红色斑块,有非洲猪瘟阳性检出。
试验结果如下表2所示。
表2:本发明中药组合物治疗非洲猪瘟的试验结果
从表2中可以看出,在空白组的20头猪中,如果不使用药物干预,在试验期30天内,有多达18头猪死亡,死亡率可达90%。
在试验期间,实施例1-3组没有猪死亡,上述各组对非洲猪瘟治疗的有效率分别为95%、90%和90%,说明本发明中药组合物对非洲猪瘟具有非常显著的治疗作用,且其对非洲猪瘟的治疗效果显著优于目前常用的通过清热解毒防治非洲猪瘟的药物银翘散(对比例5组的有效率仅为50%,而死亡率为25%)。
而改变本发明中药组合物中各药味的比例(例如,减少温辛药的用量,增加清热解毒药的用量,见对比例1组),将本发明中药组合物中的药味替换成具有类似功效的其他药味(对比例2组),减少本发明中药组合物中的药味(对比例3组)或者改变本发明中药组合物的制备方法(对比例4组)均会导致本发明中药组合物对非洲猪瘟的治疗作用不同程度的降低和死亡率不同程度升高,这表明本发明中药组合物中各药味的种类、用量配比以及制备方法均对其治疗非洲猪瘟的作用具有显著影响。
显然,本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样,倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内,则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
Claims (10)
1.一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝50-70份、制附子50-70份、鸡血藤50-70份、车前子50-70份、紫菀40-60份、大黄30-50份、土茯苓35-45份、焦三仙15-30份、细辛15-30份、苦参15-30份、蛇床子20-40份、甘草20-40份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝55-65份、制附子55-65份、鸡血藤55-65份、车前子55-65份、紫菀45-55份、大黄35-45份、土茯苓35-45份、焦三仙20-30份、细辛15-25份、苦参15-25份、蛇床子25-35份、甘草25-35份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的中药组合物,其特征在于:所述中药组合物由下述重量份的中药材制成:桂枝60份、制附子60份、鸡血藤60份、车前子60份、紫菀50份、大黄40份、土茯苓40份、焦三仙25份、细辛20份、苦参20份、蛇床子30份、甘草25份。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将桂枝、细辛、土茯苓和蛇床子混合超微粉碎,制得混合超微粉;
(2)将制附子、鸡血藤、紫菀、车前子、焦三仙、大黄、苦参、甘草加水进行煎煮,第一次煎煮1-3小时过滤得一次滤液后,加水再煎煮1-3小时,过滤得二次滤液,合并一次滤液和二次滤液,经浓缩制得浓缩液;
(3)将步骤(1)制得的混合超微粉作为底料,喷入步骤(2)制得的浓缩液,经一步造粒,混匀,制得所述中药组合物颗粒。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1)中,所述超微粉的细度为200目。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,第一次煎煮和第二次煎煮的时间均为1.5小时。
7.一种预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂包含权利要求1至3中任一项所述的中药组合物,或者采用权利要求4至6中任一项所述制备方法制备得到的中药组合物,以及兽药学上可接受的辅料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的中药制剂,其特征在于:所述中药制剂的剂型为粉剂、散剂、口服液或颗粒剂。
9.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的中药组合物或者权利要求7或权利要求8所述的中药制剂在制备预防或治疗非洲猪瘟的兽药中的应用。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其特征在于:用于预防非洲猪瘟的用途时,将所述中药组合物或中药制剂加入猪饲料中。
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