CN114799992A - Accurate Y axle displacement adjusting station for lathe - Google Patents
Accurate Y axle displacement adjusting station for lathe Download PDFInfo
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- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
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- HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zirconate titanate Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4].[Zr+4].[Pb+2] HFGPZNIAWCZYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/22—Feeding members carrying tools or work
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/013—Control or regulation of feed movement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
- H02N2/04—Constructional details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/02—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing linear motion, e.g. actuators; Linear positioners ; Linear motors
- H02N2/06—Drive circuits; Control arrangements or methods
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Abstract
The invention provides a precise Y-axis displacement adjusting table for a machine tool, which belongs to the technical field of precise motion and comprises four parts, namely a displacement driver, a displacement platform, a signal control module and a height detection module. The precise Y-axis displacement adjusting platform is based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramics, and the piezoelectric ceramics can generate corresponding deformation by applying alternating voltage with certain frequency at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramics, so that the displacement platform can move. The signals of different phases are applied between different groups of piezoelectric ceramics, so that different groups of piezoelectric ceramics generate different deformations, the accurate regulation and control of a displacement platform are realized by controlling the applied voltage, the minimum resolution reaches the micron level or even the submicron level, and the control is simple, the response time is short, and the work is stable. The device and the method can adjust the height of the cutter before or during the ultraprecise machining, and realize convenient cutter setting and machining of complex free-form surfaces or complex functional microstructures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of precise motion, and particularly relates to a precise Y-axis displacement adjusting table for a machine tool
Background
Conventional feed mechanisms include rotary/linear electromagnetic motors, lead screws, couplings, guide rails, tables, and the like. When the conventional mechanism is applied to multi-axis motion control, one table on each axis is stacked on other motion mechanisms, resulting in a complicated structure. Thus, it is difficult to realize a simple and rigid feeding system. At present, a plurality of three-axis machine tools exist in the machine tool in China, and the three-axis machine tools have the problems of complex clamping, machining interference and the like.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a new feeding mechanism with a simpler structure and more convenient use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a precise Y-axis displacement adjusting platform for a machine tool, which utilizes piezoelectric ceramics, combines a specific and ingenious structural design and a unique control unit, provides a set of adjusting platform capable of being used for precisely adjusting the Y axis of a numerical control machine tool and a working method, and has the advantages of simple structure, high control precision, convenience in clamping and convenience in feeding.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a precise Y-axis displacement adjusting platform for a machine tool, which comprises a piezoelectric driver and a displacement platform, wherein the piezoelectric driver comprises a plurality of groups of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups and a plurality of groups of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups, the plurality of groups of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups and the plurality of groups of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the displacement platform and are abutted against the side wall of the displacement platform, the plurality of groups of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups are abutted against the center of the side wall of the displacement platform, and the plurality of groups of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups on the same side of the displacement platform are averagely arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups on the same side respectively.
Each group of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups are in a linear shape, the end parts of the linear lines are abutted against the side wall of the displacement platform, each group of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups are in a right-angle shape integrally and comprise a first driving group and a second driving group which is connected with the first driving group to form a right-angle shape, the right-angle part of each group of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups is abutted against the displacement platform,
the displacement platform comprises a base, a guide rail arranged on the base and a mounting platform connected with the guide rail in a sliding manner, wherein the mounting platform is used for mounting an external object needing displacement fine adjustment.
Further, every group drive piezoceramics group and every group pretension piezoceramics group all include piezoceramics and pile the unit, every piezoceramics piles the unit and includes two piece at least mutual superimposed piezoceramics, the external installation base is connected to the one end of piezoceramics piles the unit, install at fixed position every group drive piezoceramics group and every group pretension piezoceramics group through the installation base, the other end of piezoceramics piles the unit is provided with the connecting block, be provided with the contact piece on the connecting block, the connecting block is used for connecting polylith piezoceramics as whole, the contact piece is used for butt displacement platform, as the power point of action.
Furthermore, the upper side and the lower side of the pre-tightening ceramic piezoelectric ceramic group are respectively provided with the same number of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups.
Furthermore, the polarization direction of the piezoelectric ceramics in the piezoelectric ceramic stacking unit of the first driving group is horizontal to the working table of the machine tool, the polarization direction of the piezoelectric ceramics in the piezoelectric ceramic stacking unit of the second driving group is vertical to the working table of the machine tool, and the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric ceramic stacking unit of the first driving group is smaller than that of the piezoelectric ceramic stacking unit of the second driving group.
Furthermore, the phase difference of the electric signals of the piezoelectric ceramic stacking units applied to the first driving group and the second driving group is 90 degrees, so that an elliptic motion can be formed on the contact block, the long axis of the ellipse is parallel to the working table surface of the machine tool, and the piezoelectric ceramic group is pre-tightened to complete the fixation of the displacement table through the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic.
Furthermore, the device also comprises a signal control module and a height detection module, wherein the signal control module is simultaneously connected with a plurality of groups of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups and a plurality of groups of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups so as to provide driving voltage signals, the signal control module can spontaneously generate electric signals of different paths which are independent from each other, the frequency and the phase of each path of signal are independently adjustable, and the height detection module is used for measuring the absolute height and the instantaneous speed of the displacement platform and feeding data back to the signal control module so as to realize closed-loop adjustment.
Furthermore, the signal control module comprises a PID control submodule, a signal generator and a power amplifier, wherein the PID control submodule and the signal generator send out different electric signals including frequency, phase, direction and power parameters aiming at a required instruction, the power amplifier is used for amplifying the electric signal gain and shaping the signal so as to ensure the stability of the signal and drive the piezoelectric ceramic to generate corresponding deformation, and the PID control submodule can also be used for synthesizing the electric signal and the signal fed back by the height detection module to compensate the real-time displacement.
Furthermore, the height detection module is used for measuring the absolute height and the instantaneous speed of the displacement platform, feeding data back to the PID control submodule, comparing with the user input parameters and compensating errors of the displacement in the next time period, so that the precision of the movement is guaranteed, and finally the closed-loop control is realized.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention designs the micro-displacement motion platform for the precision machine tool, can realize Y-axis displacement regulation and control, effectively avoids cutter interference, reduces clamping times, improves processing quality and efficiency, and shortens production period. Meanwhile, the micron-sized displacement motion platform plays a vital role in the fields of precision manufacturing, precision measurement and the like.
The ultra-precise Y-axis displacement adjusting platform designed by the invention utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramics, can deform the piezoelectric ceramics by applying electric fields at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramics, has large stress and quick response, can precisely control the deformation amount through the electric field, and can achieve micro motion precision of the piezoelectric ceramicsMeter or even submicron precision, high resolution (the displacement control precision is less than 0.01 μm), simple structure, high control freedom, large load (about 3.9 kN/cm) 2 ) Fast response speed (10 mus), light weight and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of an ultra-precision Y-axis displacement adjustment stage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-precise Y-axis displacement adjustment stage according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement actuator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view of the installation of the driving piezoelectric ceramic group according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the operation of the piezoelectric ceramic group according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a pre-tensioned piezoceramic stack and a corresponding operational schematic diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement platform according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the deformation of three piezoelectric stack units over time according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the elliptical piezoelectric ceramic according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention designs an ultra-precise Y-axis displacement adjusting table which can adjust the height of a cutter before or in the process of ultra-precise machining and realize the functions of convenient cutter adjustment and machining of more complex free-form surfaces and functional microstructures. The ultra-precise Y-axis displacement adjusting platform comprises: the displacement drive, the displacement platform, the signal control system and the height detection module. The ultra-precise Y-axis displacement adjusting platform is mainly based on the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramics, and the piezoelectric ceramics can generate corresponding deformation by applying alternating voltage with certain frequency at two ends of the piezoelectric ceramics, so that the ultra-precise Y-axis displacement adjusting platform can be used as a pre-tightening and driving module of an installation platform to realize the movement of the installation platform. The invention applies signals with different phases among different groups of piezoelectric ceramics to lead the different groups of piezoelectric ceramics to generate different deformations, realizes the accurate regulation and control of the displacement table by controlling the applied voltage, and has the minimum resolution reaching the micron or even submicron level
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of an ultra-precise Y-axis displacement adjustment stage according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as can be seen from the figure, the adjustment stage includes: the device comprises a piezoelectric driver A, a displacement platform B, a signal control module C and a height detection module D. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra-precise Y-axis displacement adjustment stage according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen that a piezoelectric driver a includes a driving piezoelectric ceramic group a1 and a pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group a2, where the driving piezoelectric ceramic group is formed by two piezoelectric ceramic stacking units intersecting to form a right angle of 90 degrees, and specifically, each group of piezoelectric ceramic units is formed by two piezoelectric ceramics and a contact block. The piezoelectric driver comprises a driving piezoelectric ceramic group and a pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group, wherein the driving piezoelectric ceramic group consists of two piezoelectric ceramic stacking units, and the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group consists of one piezoelectric ceramic stacking unit. Multiunit drive piezoelectric ceramics group and multiunit pretension piezoelectric ceramics group all symmetry set up the both sides at displacement platform and with displacement platform's lateral wall looks butt, multiunit pretension piezoelectric ceramics group all butt in displacement platform lateral wall's central authorities department, multiunit drive piezoelectric ceramics group that lies in displacement platform with one side averagely sets up respectively on the pretension piezoelectric ceramics group of homonymy, lower both sides, every group pretension piezoelectric ceramics group wholly is the straight line, the terminal portion butt displacement platform's of straight line lateral wall, every group drive piezoelectric ceramics group wholly is the right angle form, including first drive group and with first drive group interconnect be the second drive group of right angle form, every group drive piezoelectric ceramics group's right angle portion butt displacement platform, piezoelectric ceramics piles the unit and utilizes piezoelectric ceramics's the reverse piezoelectric effect, can convert the signal of telecommunication into deformation. The displacement platform mainly comprises a mounting platform B1 and a guide rail B2. The mounting platform is a force application point of the piezoelectric driver, and is used for mounting a cutter and auxiliary machining equipment. The guide rail is used for restricting the degree of freedom of the displacement table so that the displacement table can only move along the Y axis. The signal control module comprises a PID control submodule, a signal generator and a power amplifier. The PID control sub-module can be combined with the signal generator to send out different electric signals aiming at required instructions, and the required signal parameters comprise frequency, phase, direction, power and the like. The power amplifier amplifies the gain of the electric signal, the gain effect is adjustable, the signal is shaped, and the stability of the signal is ensured. In addition, the PID control sub-module can integrate signals of the sensor to realize compensation of displacement errors. The signal control module is used for inputting electric signals to the driving piezoelectric ceramic group and the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group so as to control the contraction or expansion of the respective piezoelectric ceramics.
The signal control module can spontaneously generate different paths of mutually independent electric signals, and the frequency and the phase of each path of signals are independently adjustable. The PID control sub-module can comprehensively generate an electric signal and a received feedback signal to compensate real-time displacement, specifically instantaneous gain/attenuation generated electric signal, and guarantee the precision of height adjustment. The power amplifier can adjust the generated electric signal, so that the power amplifier can drive the piezoelectric ceramic to generate corresponding deformation.
The height detection module is used for measuring the absolute height and the instantaneous speed of the displacement platform and feeding back data to the signal control module, closed-loop adjustment is realized, and the adjustment precision of the precision Y-axis displacement adjusting platform for the machine tool in the operation process is ensured. Specifically, by detecting the absolute height of the displacement platform and reflecting the instantaneous speed of the displacement platform within a certain time, the height detection unit transmits a signal to the PID control submodule, compares the signal with the user input parameter and compensates the displacement error in the next time period, so that the precision of movement is ensured, and finally, closed-loop control is realized.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement driver according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4a is a schematic installation diagram of a driving piezoelectric ceramic assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4b is a schematic working diagram of a driving piezoelectric ceramic assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. More closely, the phase difference of the electric signals applied to the two groups of piezoelectric ceramic stacking units is 90 degrees, and an elliptic motion can be formed on the contact block, wherein the long axis of the ellipse is vertical to the working table surface, and the short axis of the ellipse is parallel to the working table surface. That is, the driving piezoelectric ceramic group performs periodic elliptical vibration under the combined action of two piezoelectric ceramic stacking units which are perpendicular to each other. And the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group completes the fixation of the displacement table through the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic. And when the displacement table is combined, the driving piezoelectric ceramic group and the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group complete the movement and the fixation of the displacement table through a certain phase difference. And the contact block is contacted with the mounting platform when the contact block is at the contact point of the long axis of the ellipse, so as to drive the mounting platform to move up and down. The stacked piezoelectric ceramic is used as a driver, and has the advantages of zero friction, no need of lubrication, extremely high resolution, high response speed, compact structure, larger output force, no noise and the like. The piezoelectric driver mainly utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic, a certain control voltage is input to two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic, and the piezoelectric ceramic can generate a certain output displacement. For the inverse piezoelectric effect, if the output voltage can be accurately controlled, the piezoelectric ceramic can generate micron or even submicron displacement, and the accurate reliability of the Y-axis displacement adjusting platform is ensured.
More specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, a first mounting bolt a101 is used to fix a driving piezoelectric ceramic group, a first mounting base a102 is used to mount the driving piezoelectric ceramic group, and a first driving group and a second driving group of the driving piezoelectric ceramic group each include a first piezoelectric ceramic a103 and a second piezoelectric ceramic a 104. The first connecting block A105 is used for connecting the first driving group and the second driving group into a whole, a first contact block A106 is arranged at the end part of the first connecting block A105, and the first contact block A106 is used for being abutted to the displacement platform. In fact, the inventionNot limited to two piezo-ceramics stacked on each other, but three or more piezo-ceramics may be stacked, and the first driving group and the second driving group perpendicular to each other form an elliptical track at the first connecting block a 105. The piezoelectric ceramic is PZT-8 lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic, has density similar to 40Cr13, high output power, thickness direction polarization, and operation at d 33 In the working mode, every two adjacent piezoelectric ceramics are oppositely polarized according to the polarization direction.
When the displacement platform works, in order to reduce unnecessary friction force, the displacement platform is not in direct contact with the piezoelectric ceramic plane, so that only about one fourth of the displacement platform performs pre-tightening driving in each time of elliptical vibration, four groups of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups are arranged to alternately move, the pre-tightening force is not in a state of 0, and the influence of the self gravity of the displacement platform on displacement precision in the Y-axis movement process is effectively avoided.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an installation of a pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group according to an embodiment of the present invention and a corresponding operational schematic diagram, and as can be seen, the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group specifically includes a second installation bolt a201, a second installation base a202, a third piezoelectric ceramic a203, a fourth piezoelectric ceramic a204, a second connection block a205, and a second contact block a 206. The second mounting bolt A201 is used for fixing the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group, the second mounting base A202 is used for mounting the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group on a corresponding position of a machine tool or a corresponding mounting base, the third piezoelectric ceramic A203 and the fourth piezoelectric ceramic A204 are mutually overlapped to form a stacking unit, a second connecting block A205 is arranged at the end part of the fourth piezoelectric ceramic A204, the stacking unit is integrally connected with the second connecting block A205, a second contact block A206 is arranged at the end part of the second connecting block A205, and the second contact block A206 is used for abutting against a displacement platform.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a displacement platform according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen that the displacement platform includes a mounting platform B1 and a guide rail B2. The mounting platform is a piezoelectric ceramic action point, and stress generated by piezoelectric ceramic acts on the mounting platform, so that the mounting platform can move up and down in the Y-axis direction. Furthermore, the mounting platform is provided with uniform threaded holes, can be connected with ultra-precise required cutters, equipment and the like, and greatly enhances the universality of the displacement platform. The guide rail can limit the motion path of the mounting platform and guarantee the verticality of the cutter mounting platform. The interaction of the mounting platform and the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramics ensures the rigidity of the object in the operation process of the machine tool and can provide necessary working environment for ultra-precision machining. The guide rail can enable the displacement table to move according to a designed track in order to limit the degree of freedom of rotation in the Y direction.
Fig. 7 is a displacement deformation curve of three piezoelectric stack units according to an embodiment of the present invention with time, fig. 8 is a working state diagram of elliptical piezoelectric ceramics according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be known from the two diagrams that each driving piezoelectric ceramic group is entirely right-angled to form an "L" shape, and includes a first driving group and a second driving group that is mutually connected with the first driving group to form a right-angled shape, and the phase difference between each driving piezoelectric ceramic group is 90 °. In an embodiment of the invention, there are eight driving piezoelectric ceramic groups in total, eight driving piezoelectric ceramic groups are paired in pairs, there are four pairs in total, the same driving piezoelectric ceramic group pair is located at one side of the displacement platform, there are four pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups, four pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups are paired in pairs, there are two pairs in total, two pairs of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups are respectively arranged at the left and right sides of the displacement platform, four driving piezoelectric ceramic groups are averagely arranged at the left and right sides of the displacement platform, and two pairs of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups located at the same side of the displacement platform are respectively located at the upper and lower sides of the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group at the side. For example, four pairs of driving piezoelectric ceramics are respectively called by taking the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group as the center: upper left pair, upper right pair, lower left pair and lower right pair. The driving piezoelectric ceramics of the left upper outer side and the driving piezoelectric ceramics of the right upper outer side form ceramics 1, the driving piezoelectric ceramics in the ceramics 1 are respectively positioned at two sides of a displacement platform, the driving piezoelectric ceramics of the left upper inner side and the driving piezoelectric ceramics of the right upper inner side form ceramics 2, the driving piezoelectric ceramics in the ceramics 2 are respectively positioned at two sides of the displacement platform, similarly, the driving piezoelectric ceramics of the left lower outer side and the driving piezoelectric ceramics of the right lower outer side form ceramics 3, the driving piezoelectric ceramics in the ceramics 3 are respectively positioned at two sides of the displacement platform, the driving piezoelectric ceramics of the left lower inner side and the driving piezoelectric ceramics of the right lower inner side form ceramics 4, and the driving piezoelectric ceramics in the ceramics 4 are respectively positioned at two sides of the displacement platform.
As can be seen from fig. 4b and 7, the principle of forming the elliptical vibration is as follows: (only one L-shaped driving piezoelectric ceramic group is described, and the working principle of the L-shaped driving piezoelectric ceramics of other groups is similar to that of the L-shaped driving piezoelectric ceramic group): for example, firstly, a coordinate system is established, the first connecting block a105 is taken as a coordinate center, the horizontal direction is taken as an x axis, and the vertical direction is taken as a y axis, and since the difference between x and y is 90 °, the coordinates of the first connecting block a105 in the coordinate system can be expressed as:
by synthesis of tracks, i.e. X 2 +Y 2 ＝R 2 (in this case, a perfect circle), which is defined by an ellipse equation, the trajectory is an elliptical trajectory in the XY plane.
By changing the voltage applied to the two ends of the piezoelectric ceramic stack which are perpendicular to each other, the displacement in the X direction and the displacement in the Y direction can be changed, and the standard circle can be controlled to be an ellipse. Secondly, in order to make the elliptical driving force application more efficient, the ellipse is made to be in a "standing" state, i.e. the major axis is in the vertical direction and the minor axis is in the horizontal direction. Specifically, the right side of the ellipse is in contact with the displacement platform B in a quarter of the working state. Meanwhile, the control method of each pair of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups is the same. The elliptical trajectories of the four groups of driving piezoelectric ceramics are the same, but the phase differences are different. Specifically, four groups of pre-tightening driving piezoelectric ceramics have a phase difference of 90 degrees, so that the four groups of pre-tightening driving piezoelectric ceramics can be driven alternately. One fourth of time drives the displacement platform to move up and down in each period, and when the displacement platform moves to a set position, the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group locks the movement platform, so that the stability of a working area is ensured. Fig. 8 shows an elliptical trajectory as a period, in which the positions of the four pairs of driving piezoelectric ceramics at the same time point are different, and the four pairs of driving piezoelectric ceramics alternately drive the displacement platform to move up/down.
In the invention, the piezoelectric ceramics support the displacement platform through the contact block, and the four groups of driving piezoelectric ceramics repeatedly support and feed at a certain relative displacement. Particularly, in order to reduce friction force, the displacement platform cannot be completely attached to the driving piezoelectric ceramic groups, the phase difference of each driving piezoelectric ceramic group is 90 degrees, an L shape is formed, the four driving piezoelectric ceramic groups alternately feed, the driving direction is the Y-axis direction, and different from most displacement platforms, pre-tightening stress needs to be added at the driving force weakening time point. The pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group utilizes the inverse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric ceramic to deform the piezoelectric ceramic by applying an electric field. The piezoelectric ceramics are axially polarized, and under the action of a given characteristic electric field, the pretightening force of the device can be regulated and controlled. The piezoelectric ceramic has the advantages of high resolution, small volume, large output force, high frequency response, no heat generation, high response speed and the like, and is a preferred driving element of the micro-displacement driver. The stability of the mounting platform is guaranteed during working, and the performance of the device is improved. According to the invention, the mounting platform of the displacement platform is provided with the force contact point of the contact block, so that different cutters and auxiliary processing modules can be mounted. The guide rail can control the motion direction of the mounting platform. Because the piezoelectric ceramic drives the displacement platform to move without more guide rails, the movement in the corresponding direction is restricted, and unnecessary friction is reduced.
In the invention, the PID control sub-module can give different electric signals to corresponding piezoelectric ceramics according to the motion parameters required by a user, such as speed, displacement and the like, so that each group of piezoelectric ceramics can move in a specified mode to complete corresponding functions. And judging the accuracy of height adjustment by detecting the obtained absolute height and speed of the displacement platform, compensating errors and finally realizing a PID closed-loop control strategy. During operation, the voltage u is controlled 1 And the voltage is transmitted to a D/A converter and then converted into a low-voltage signal, and a driving power supply is controlled to send out an excitation signal so that the piezoelectric ceramic generates stretching strain. The actual micro-displacement and set value of the piezoelectric ceramics are read through A/D and PSDComparing, performing PID control for the next time until the precision requirement is met, and controlling the voltage u 1 Comprises the following steps:
wherein: e (K) is the deviation of the kth sample, K is 0, 1, 2, 3, … …, K i Is the integral coefficient, K d Is a differential coefficient, K p Is a scaling factor.
The signal generator can receive different electric signals, so that different groups of piezoelectric ceramics move according to a set track. The power amplifier can gain the electric signal output by the integrated control, the gain is relatively stable, the quality of the amplified signal is better, and the strain of the piezoelectric ceramic is uniform.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A precise Y-axis displacement adjusting table for a machine tool is characterized by comprising a piezoelectric driver and a displacement platform, wherein,
the piezoelectric driver comprises a plurality of groups of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups and a plurality of groups of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups, the plurality of groups of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups and the plurality of groups of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the displacement platform and are abutted with the side wall of the displacement platform, the plurality of groups of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups are abutted with the center of the side wall of the displacement platform, the plurality of groups of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups positioned at the same side of the displacement platform are respectively arranged at the upper side and the lower side of the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups at the same side,
each group of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups are in a linear shape, the end parts of the linear lines are abutted against the side wall of the displacement platform, each group of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups are in a right-angle shape integrally and comprise a first driving group and a second driving group which is connected with the first driving group to form a right-angle shape, the right-angle part of each group of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups is abutted against the displacement platform,
the displacement platform comprises a base, a guide rail arranged on the base and a mounting platform connected with the guide rail in a sliding manner, wherein the mounting platform is used for mounting an external object needing displacement fine adjustment.
2. The precise Y-axis displacement adjusting table for the machine tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein each set of driving piezoelectric ceramic set and each set of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic set comprises a piezoelectric ceramic stack unit, each piezoelectric ceramic stack unit comprises at least two pieces of piezoelectric ceramics stacked on each other, one end of each piezoelectric ceramic stack unit is connected with an external mounting base, each set of driving piezoelectric ceramic set and each set of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic set are mounted at fixed positions through the mounting bases, a connecting block is arranged at the other end of each piezoelectric ceramic stack unit, a contact block is arranged on the connecting block and used for connecting a plurality of pieces of piezoelectric ceramics into a whole, and the contact block is used for abutting against a displacement platform to serve as a force action point.
3. A precision Y-axis displacement adjustment stage for a machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the same number of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups are provided on the upper and lower sides of the pre-load ceramic piezoelectric ceramic groups, respectively.
4. The precision Y-axis displacement adjusting table for the machine tool as claimed in claim 3, wherein the polarization direction of the piezoelectric ceramics in the piezoelectric ceramic stacked units of the first driving group is horizontal to the working table of the machine tool, the polarization direction of the piezoelectric ceramics in the piezoelectric ceramic stacked units of the second driving group is vertical to the working table of the machine tool, and the dielectric constant of the piezoelectric ceramic stacked units of the first driving group is smaller than that of the piezoelectric ceramic stacked units of the second driving group.
5. The precision Y-axis displacement adjusting table for the machine tool as claimed in claim 4, wherein the phase difference of the electric signals of the piezoelectric ceramic stack units applied to the first driving group and the second driving group is 90 degrees, so that an elliptical motion can be formed on the contact block, the long axis of the ellipse is parallel to the working table surface of the machine tool, and the pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic group completes the fixation of the displacement table through the deformation of the piezoelectric ceramic.
6. A precise Y-axis displacement adjusting table for a machine tool as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising a signal control module and a height detection module, wherein the signal control module is connected with a plurality of groups of driving piezoelectric ceramic groups and a plurality of groups of pre-tightening piezoelectric ceramic groups at the same time for providing driving voltage signals, the signal control module can spontaneously generate different paths of mutually independent electric signals, the frequency and the phase of each path of signal are independently adjustable, and the height detection module is used for measuring the absolute height and the instantaneous speed of the displacement platform and feeding back data to the signal control module to realize closed-loop adjustment.
7. The precise Y-axis displacement adjusting table for the machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the signal control module comprises a PID control sub-module, a signal generator, and a power amplifier, wherein the PID control sub-module, in combination with the signal generator, sends out different electrical signals according to the required command, including parameters of frequency, phase, direction, and power, the power amplifier is used to amplify the gain of the electrical signals and shape the signals, so as to ensure the stability of the signals, so that the signals can drive the piezoelectric ceramics to generate corresponding deformation, and the PID control sub-module can be used to synthesize the electrical signals and the signals fed back by the height detection module, so as to compensate for the real-time displacement.
8. The precision Y-axis displacement adjusting table for the machine tool as claimed in claim 7, wherein the height detection module is used for measuring the absolute height and instantaneous speed of the displacement platform and feeding data back to the PID control sub-module, and the precision of the movement is ensured by comparing with the user input parameters and compensating the displacement error in the next time period, and finally the closed-loop control is realized.
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