CN114793789A - Triticale cultivation method - Google Patents
Triticale cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793789A CN114793789A CN202110059764.8A CN202110059764A CN114793789A CN 114793789 A CN114793789 A CN 114793789A CN 202110059764 A CN202110059764 A CN 202110059764A CN 114793789 A CN114793789 A CN 114793789A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention provides a triticale cultivation method which comprises the following steps of collecting soil after land preparation, applying fertilizer after soil collection, mixing seeds in a mode of spraying while mixing, sowing seeds under the condition of microwave radiation during seed mixing, irrigating overwintering water for sown farmlands, applying additional fertilizer, watering and applying additional fertilizer, spraying insecticide by using a sprayer, spraying control by using 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 1500-fold liquid and 3% of acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1000-fold liquid, and spraying pesticide once every 7-10 days. The triticale planting method provided by the invention is used for processing from the seed stage, so that the germination rate of the seeds is improved, and the yield of the triticale is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of wheat planting, in particular to a triticale cultivation method.
Background
The wheat varieties are classified according to planting seasons, the wheat varieties are spring wheat and winter wheat, and the triticale is a new wheat variety which is cultivated by hybridization and bioengineering technologies.
According to the planting method of early-maturing wheat seeds in winter provided by the patent document with the application number of CN201811551370.9, the wheat seeds of the product are treated, high-quality seeds are selected, and sowing is carried out in 9 and 10 months; preparing soil, crushing straws, returning the crushed straws to the field, applying base fertilizer, and ploughing and sowing; performing field management, namely supplementing light for wheat through a light supplementing mirror; harvesting at proper time, and harvesting at the middle and final stages of wheat wax ripening. The method has the beneficial effects that: when the wheat seeds are planted in the wheat planting method, the straws are smashed and returned to the field, saccharomycetes and a straw fermentation decomposition agent are added into the straws, so that the straws are slowly oxidized, the rotting speed of the straws is accelerated, nutrients are provided for a wheat field, meanwhile, the straws are prevented from being burnt, and the pollution to the environment is reduced; meanwhile, the reflector is arranged in the wheat field, so that light can be supplemented for the wheat planted in the wheat field, the illumination of the wheat is increased, and the development of the wheat is accelerated.
However, the cultivation method has defects, for example, although the cultivation method can supplement light for wheat, the steps of soil testing and fertilization, seed treatment, sowing, winter-crossing period management, jointing period management, booting period management, heading period management and the like in the traditional cultivation technology still need to be optimized, so that the triticale planting can achieve an ideal effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly provides a triticale cultivation method for solving the technical problems in the background technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the triticale cultivation method comprises the following steps:
step one, soil testing and fertilizing are carried out, after land preparation is carried out, soil collection is carried out on a field by using a Luoyang shovel, 3500-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu according to soil fertility after the soil collection is finished, and about 1 kg of zinc phosphate and 0.3-0.5 kg of borax are added to each mu;
step two, treating seeds, namely after soil testing and fertilization, putting the nutrient solution into a sprayer, spraying 2-3 kg of the nutrient solution by using the sprayer every 50 kg of wheat seeds, and adopting a mode of spraying and stirring at the same time, wherein the seeds are under the microwave radiation condition during seed stirring, are dried after seed stirring, and are stored under the conditions of low temperature and drying;
sowing, namely sowing 7.5-10 kg of the triticale seeds treated by the sowing machine per mu;
step four, managing the overwintering period, irrigating overwintering water to the sowed farmland, and topdressing 5-7 kg of urea per mu;
managing in a jointing stage, watering, saving water and topdressing, topdressing 11-15 kg of urea per mu, and topdressing 5-8 kg of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
step six, management of booting stage, spraying the insecticide by using a sprayer, spraying the insecticide once every 7-10 days, and continuously using for 2-3 times;
and seventhly, managing in the heading period, spraying for prevention and control by using 1500 times of 2.5 percent of high-efficiency cyhalothrin and 1000 times of 3 percent of acetamiprid missible oil, and spraying once every 7 to 10 days.
Furthermore, the nutrient solution in the second step is obtained by mixing 50 ml of 20% triazolone missible oil and 2-3 kg of water.
Further, the microwave radiation power in the second step is 100-200W, and the temperature of the seeds in the second step is 35-45 ℃ during seed treatment.
Further, the pesticide in the sixth step is prepared by mixing 75% of thiophanate methyl and 1000 times of liquid, 20 g of 50% carbendazim and 50 kg of water, and the pesticide prepared by synthesizing the 75% of thiophanate methyl and 1000 times of liquid and the pesticide prepared by mixing 20 g of 50% of carbendazim and 50 kg of water are alternately used without any sequence.
Further, when the organic matter content of the collected soil is larger than or equal to 4% and the total nitrogen content is larger than or equal to 0.15, 20-25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-12 kg of urea and 5-6 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu, and when the organic matter content of the collected soil is smaller than or equal to 4% and the total nitrogen content is smaller than or equal to 0.15, 25-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 12-15 kg of urea and 6-7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu.
Furthermore, in the third step, the number of plants per mu is 10-20 ten thousand during sowing, the row spacing is 60-80 cm, and the inter-seedling plant spacing is 50-60 cm.
Further, the sowing depth in the third step is 2.5-3 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in the soil testing and fertilizing processes, a corresponding amount of base fertilizer is applied to farmlands after land preparation according to soil detection, trace elements which are lacked in black wheat planting are added by using zinc phosphate and borax, nutrition required by the black wheat seeds is provided through sprayed nutrient solution in a seed treatment stage, the survival rate of the black wheat seeds is improved, the water content of the seeds is reduced and the occurrence of diseases is reduced under the conditions of airing and microwave radiation which are sequentially performed later, and top dressing and deinsectization of different types and different components are performed in growth stages of the black wheat such as the wintering stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage, so that the fertility is improved and different plant diseases and insect pests are treated.
The present invention will be explained in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Detailed Description
While the present invention will be described more fully hereinafter for purposes of facilitating an understanding thereof, the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein, but rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may be present, and when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present, as the terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and the like are used herein for descriptive purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs, and the knowledge of the terms used herein in the specification of the present invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention, and the term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1, a triticale cultivation method, comprising the steps of:
step one, soil testing and fertilizing are carried out, after land preparation is carried out, soil collection is carried out on a field by using a Luoyang shovel, 3500-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu according to soil fertility after the soil collection is finished, and about 1 kg of zinc phosphate and 0.3-0.5 kg of borax are added to each mu;
step two, treating seeds, namely after soil testing and fertilization, putting the nutrient solution into a sprayer, spraying 2-3 kg of the nutrient solution by using the sprayer every 50 kg of wheat seeds, and adopting a mode of spraying and stirring at the same time, wherein the seeds are under the microwave radiation condition during seed stirring, are dried after seed stirring, and are stored under the conditions of low temperature and drying;
sowing, namely sowing 7.5-10 kg of the triticale seeds treated by the sowing machine per mu;
step four, managing the overwintering period, irrigating overwintering water to the sowed farmland, and topdressing 5-7 kg of urea per mu;
managing in a jointing stage, watering, saving water and topdressing, topdressing 11-15 kg of urea per mu, and topdressing 5-8 kg of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
step six, management of booting stage, spraying the insecticide by using a sprayer, spraying the insecticide once every 7-10 days, and continuously using for 2-3 times;
and seventhly, managing in the heading period, spraying for prevention and control by using 1500 times of 2.5 percent of high-efficiency cyhalothrin and 1000 times of 3 percent of acetamiprid missible oil, and spraying once every 7 to 10 days.
The nutrient solution in the second step is obtained by mixing 50 ml of 20 percent triazolone missible oil with 2 to 3 kg of water,
the microwave radiation power in the second step is 100-200W, and the temperature of the seeds in the second step is 35-45 ℃ during treatment.
The pesticide in the sixth step is prepared by mixing 75% of thiophanate methyl and 1000 times of liquid, 20 g of 50% carbendazim and 50 kg of water, and the pesticide prepared by synthesizing 75% of thiophanate methyl and 1000 times of liquid, 20 g of 50% of carbendazim and 50 kg of water are alternately used without any sequence.
When the organic matter content of the collected soil is larger than or equal to 4% and the total nitrogen content is larger than or equal to 0.15, 20-25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-12 kg of urea and 5-6 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu, and when the organic matter content of the collected soil is smaller than or equal to 4% and the total nitrogen content is smaller than or equal to 0.15, 25-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 12-15 kg of urea and 6-7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu.
And in the third step, when sowing, the number of plants per mu is 10-20 ten thousand, the row spacing is 60-80 cm, and the inter-seedling plant spacing is 50-60 cm.
And the sowing depth in the third step is 2.5-3 cm.
Example 2, a triticale cultivation method, comprising the steps of:
step one, soil testing and fertilizing, after land preparation, soil collection is carried out on a field by using a Luoyang shovel, 3500-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu of land according to soil fertility after soil collection is completed, and about 1 kg of zinc phosphate and 0.3-0.5 kg of borax are added to each mu of land;
step two, treating seeds, namely after soil testing and fertilization, putting the nutrient solution into a sprayer, spraying 2-3 kg of the nutrient solution by using the sprayer every 50 kg of wheat seeds, and adopting a mode of spraying and stirring at the same time, wherein the seeds are under the microwave radiation condition during seed stirring, are dried after seed stirring, and are stored under the conditions of low temperature and drying;
sowing, namely sowing 7.5-10 kg of the triticale seeds treated by the sowing machine per mu;
step four, managing the overwintering period, irrigating overwintering water to the sowed farmland, and topdressing 7 kilograms of urea per mu;
managing in a jointing stage, watering, saving water and topdressing, topdressing 11-15 kg of urea per mu, and topdressing 8 kg of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
step six, management of booting stage, spraying the insecticide by using a sprayer, spraying the insecticide once every 7-10 days, and continuously using for 2-3 times;
and seventhly, managing in the heading period, spraying for prevention and control by using 1500 times of 2.5 percent of high-efficiency cyhalothrin and 1000 times of 3 percent of acetamiprid missible oil, and spraying once every 7 to 10 days.
And the nutrient solution in the step two is obtained by mixing 50 ml of 20% triazolone missible oil with 2-3 kg of water.
The microwave radiation power in the second step is 100-200W, and the temperature of the seeds in the second step is 35-45 ℃ during treatment.
The pesticide in the sixth step is prepared by mixing 75% of thiophanate methyl and 1000 times of liquid, 20 g of 50% carbendazim and 50 kg of water, and the pesticide prepared by synthesizing 75% of thiophanate methyl and 1000 times of liquid, 20 g of 50% of carbendazim and 50 kg of water are alternately used without any sequence.
When the organic matter content of the collected soil is larger than or equal to 4% and the total nitrogen content is larger than or equal to 0.15, 20-24 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-13 kg of urea and 5-5.5 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu, and when the organic matter content of the collected soil is smaller than or equal to 4% and the total nitrogen content is smaller than or equal to 0.15, 24-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 13-15 kg of urea and 5.5-7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu.
And in the third step, when sowing, the number of plants per mu is 10-20 ten thousand, the row spacing is 60-80 cm, and the inter-seedling plant spacing is 50-60 cm.
And the sowing depth in the third step is 2.5-3 cm.
Example 3, a triticale cultivation method, comprising the steps of:
step one, soil testing and fertilizing are carried out, after land preparation is carried out, soil collection is carried out on a field by using a Luoyang shovel, 3500-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu according to soil fertility after the soil collection is finished, and about 1 kg of zinc phosphate and 0.3-0.5 kg of borax are added to each mu;
step two, treating seeds, namely after soil testing and fertilization, putting the nutrient solution into a sprayer, spraying 2-3 kg of the nutrient solution by using the sprayer every 50 kg of wheat seeds, and adopting a mode of spraying and stirring at the same time, wherein the seeds are under the microwave radiation condition during seed stirring, are dried after seed stirring, and are stored under the conditions of low temperature and drying;
sowing, namely sowing 7.5-10 kg of the triticale seeds treated by the sowing machine per mu;
step four, managing the overwintering period, irrigating overwintering water to the sowed farmland, and topdressing 5-7 kg of urea per mu;
managing in a jointing stage, watering, saving water and topdressing, topdressing 11-15 kg of urea per mu, and topdressing 5-8 kg of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
step six, management of booting stage, spraying the insecticide by using a sprayer, spraying the insecticide once every 7-10 days, and continuously using for 2-3 times;
seventhly, managing the heading period, and spraying for prevention and control by adding 1500 times of 2.5 percent of efficient cyhalothrin and 1000 times of 3 percent of acetamiprid missible oil, and spraying once every 7-10 days.
And the nutrient solution in the step two is obtained by mixing 50 ml of 20% triazolone missible oil with 2-3 kg of water.
The microwave radiation power in the second step is 100-200W, and the temperature of the seeds in the second step is 35-45 ℃ during treatment.
The pesticide in the sixth step is prepared by mixing 75% of thiophanate methyl and 1000 times of liquid, 20 g of 50% carbendazim and 50 kg of water, and the pesticide prepared by synthesizing 75% of thiophanate methyl and 1000 times of liquid, 20 g of 50% of carbendazim and 50 kg of water are alternately used without any sequence.
When the organic matter content of the collected soil is more than or equal to 4 percent and the total nitrogen content is more than or equal to 0.15, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu, and when the organic matter content of the collected soil is less than or equal to 4 percent and the total nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.15, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 15 kg of urea and 7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu.
And in the third step, when sowing, the number of plants per mu is 10-20 ten thousand, the row spacing is 60-80 cm, and the inter-seedling plant spacing is 50-60 cm.
And the sowing depth in the third step is 2.5-3 cm.
The harvesting of triticale is shown in Table 1
The specific operation mode of the invention is as follows:
after soil preparation, using a Luoyang shovel to collect soil in a field, applying organic fertilizers 3500-4000 kg per mu according to soil fertility after soil collection, 20-30 kg diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg urea and 5-7 kg potassium fertilizers to zinc phosphate and 0.3-0.5 kg borax about 1 kg per mu, putting nutrient solution into a sprayer after soil testing and fertilizing, spraying 2-3 kg nutrient solution by using the sprayer every 50 kg of wheat seeds, adopting a mode of spraying and mixing while spraying, drying after seed mixing under the condition of microwave radiation, storing seeds under the conditions of low temperature and drying, sowing the black wheat seeds after seed treatment according to the quantity of 7.5-10 kg per mu through a sowing machine, irrigating and overwintering water in the sowed farmland, topdressing 5-7 kg urea per mu, watering water and topdressing, 11-15 kg of urea is topdressed per mu, 5-8 kg of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are topdressed, a sprayer is used for spraying insecticide, the insecticide is sprayed once every 7-10 days, the insecticide is continuously used for 2-3 times, 2.5% of high-efficiency cyhalothrin 1500-fold liquid and 3% of acetamiprid missible oil 1000-fold liquid are used for spraying control, and the insecticide is sprayed once every 7-10 days.
The present invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in the following description, since such modifications are intended to be included within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The triticale cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, soil testing and fertilizing are carried out, after land preparation is carried out, soil collection is carried out on a field by using a Luoyang shovel, 3500-4000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-15 kg of urea and 5-7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied to each mu according to soil fertility after the soil collection is finished, and about 1 kg of zinc phosphate and 0.3-0.5 kg of borax are added to each mu;
step two, treating seeds, namely after soil testing and fertilization, putting the nutrient solution into a sprayer, spraying 2-3 kg of the nutrient solution by using the sprayer every 50 kg of wheat seeds, and adopting a mode of spraying and stirring at the same time, wherein the seeds are under the microwave radiation condition during seed stirring, are dried after seed stirring, and are stored under the conditions of low temperature and drying;
sowing, namely sowing 7.5-10 kg of the triticale seeds treated by the sowing machine per mu;
step four, managing the overwintering period, irrigating overwintering water to the sowed farmland, and topdressing 5-7 kg of urea per mu;
managing in a jointing stage, watering, saving water and topdressing, topdressing 11-15 kg of urea per mu, and topdressing 5-8 kg of phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer;
step six, management of booting stage, spraying the insecticide by using a sprayer, spraying the insecticide once every 7-10 days, and continuously using for 2-3 times;
seventhly, managing the heading period, and spraying for prevention and control by adding 1500 times of 2.5 percent of efficient cyhalothrin and 1000 times of 3 percent of acetamiprid missible oil, and spraying once every 7-10 days.
2. The triticale cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution in the second step is obtained by mixing 50 ml of 20% triazolone emulsifiable concentrate with 2-3 kg of water.
3. The triticale cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the microwave radiation power in the second step is 100 to 200W, and the temperature for seed treatment in the second step is 35 to 45 ℃.
4. The triticale cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide in the sixth step is 75% thiophanate methyl plus 1000 times liquid and 20 g of 50% carbendazim mixed with 50 kg of water, and the pesticide synthesized from 75% thiophanate methyl plus 1000 times liquid and the pesticide mixed from 20 g of 50% carbendazim and 50 kg of water are used alternately without any sequence.
5. The triticale cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that when the organic matter content of the soil collected in the first step is not less than 4% and the total nitrogen content is not less than 0.15, 20-25 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10-12 kg of urea and 5-6 kg of potash fertilizer are applied per mu, and when the organic matter content of the soil collected in the first step is not more than 4% and the total nitrogen content is not more than 0.15, 25-30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 12-15 kg of urea and 6-7 kg of potash fertilizer are applied per mu.
6. The triticale cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the number of plants per mu in the third sowing step is 10 to 20 ten thousand, the row spacing is 60 to 80cm, and the inter-seedling planting distance is 50 to 60 cm.
7. The triticale cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the sowing depth in the third step is 2.5-3 cm.
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