CN114787106B - 铜-陶瓷接合体、绝缘电路基板及铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法、绝缘电路基板的制造方法 - Google Patents

铜-陶瓷接合体、绝缘电路基板及铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法、绝缘电路基板的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN114787106B
CN114787106B CN202080083468.5A CN202080083468A CN114787106B CN 114787106 B CN114787106 B CN 114787106B CN 202080083468 A CN202080083468 A CN 202080083468A CN 114787106 B CN114787106 B CN 114787106B
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copper
ceramic
compound phase
less
bonding
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CN114787106A (zh
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寺崎伸幸
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Abstract

该铜‑陶瓷接合体通过接合由铜或铜合金构成的铜部件和包括氮化硅的陶瓷部件而成,所述铜‑陶瓷接合体中,存在于所述铜部件与所述陶瓷部件的接合界面的Mg‑N化合物相的最大长度小于100nm,在沿着所述接合界面的单位长度中,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的所述Mg‑N化合物相的个数密度小于8个/μm。

Description

铜-陶瓷接合体、绝缘电路基板及铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法、 绝缘电路基板的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种接合由铜或铜合金构成的铜部件和包括氮化硅的陶瓷部件而成的铜-陶瓷接合体、在陶瓷基板的表面接合由铜或铜合金构成的铜板而成的绝缘电路基板及铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法、绝缘电路基板的制造方法。
本申请基于2019年12月6日于日本申请的专利申请2019-221364号及2020年11月24日于日本申请的专利申请2020-194601号主张优先权,并将其内容援用于此。
背景技术
在功率模块、LED模块及热电模块中具有如下结构:在绝缘层的一面形成由导电材料构成的电路层的绝缘电路基板上,接合有功率半导体元件、LED元件及热电元件。
例如,用于控制风力发电、电动汽车、混合动力车等而使用的大功率控制用功率半导体元件在工作时的发热量多,因此,作为搭载该功率半导体元件的基板一直以来被广泛使用绝缘电路基板:该绝缘电路基板具备陶瓷基板和在该陶瓷基板的一面接合导电性优异的金属板而形成的电路层。另外,作为绝缘电路基板,还提供了在陶瓷基板的另一面接合金属板而形成金属层的绝缘电路基板。
例如,在专利文献1中,提出了通过在陶瓷基板的一面及另一面接合铜板而形成电路层及金属层的绝缘电路基板。在该专利文献1中,在陶瓷基板的一面及另一面通过Ag-Cu-Ti系钎料而配置铜板,通过进行加热处理而接合铜板(所谓活性金属钎焊法)。该活性金属钎焊法中,使用了含有作为活性金属的Ti的钎料,因此会提高熔融的钎料与陶瓷基板的润湿性,可良好地接合陶瓷基板与铜板。
并且,在专利文献2中,提出了使用Cu-Mg-Ti系钎料来接合陶瓷基板和铜板而成的绝缘电路基板。
在该专利文献2中,构成为通过在氮气气氛下以560~800℃进行加热而接合,Cu-Mg-Ti合金中的Mg升华而不残留在接合界面,并且实质上不会形成氮化钛(TiN)。
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第3211856号公报
专利文献2:日本专利第4375730号公报
最近,在上述的绝缘电路基板中,存在负载有大电流高电压的倾向。因此,上述的绝缘电路基板中,需要提高陶瓷基板中的绝缘性。
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述情况而完成的,其目的在于提供一种绝缘性优异的铜-陶瓷接合体、绝缘电路基板及铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法、绝缘电路基板的制造方法。
为了解决上述课题,本发明的铜-陶瓷接合体是通过接合由铜或铜合金构成的铜部件和包括氮化硅的陶瓷部件而成的铜-陶瓷接合体,其特征在于,存在于所述铜部件与所述陶瓷部件的接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于100nm,在沿着所述接合界面的单位长度中,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的所述Mg-N化合物相的个数密度小于8个/μm。
根据本发明的铜-陶瓷接合体,存在于所述铜部件与所述陶瓷部件的接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于100nm,在沿着所述接合界面的单位长度中,长度为10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的所述Mg-N化合物相的个数密度小于8个/μm,因此能够抑制由存在于接合界面的Mg-N化合物相引起的电场集中的发生。因此,能够充分提高铜-陶瓷接合体的绝缘性。
在此,在本发明的铜-陶瓷接合体中,优选地,所述陶瓷部件具备氮化硅相和形成在该氮化硅相之间的玻璃相,在位于所述铜部件侧的所述玻璃相的内部存在Cu原子。
在这种情况下,在陶瓷部件中,具备氮化硅相和形成在这些氮化硅相之间的玻璃相,在位于所述铜部件侧的所述玻璃相的内部存在Cu原子,因此陶瓷部件与铜部件会充分进行界面反应,接合可靠性尤其优异。
并且,本发明的铜-陶瓷接合体中,在将所述Mg-N化合物相中的Mg、N及Si的合计值设为100原子%的情况下,Si浓度优选为25原子%以下。
在这种情况下,所述Mg-N化合物相中的Si浓度为25原子%以下,因此可以抑制Si单相在所述Mg-N化合物相的内部的局部析出,能够充分确保所述Mg-N化合物相的强度。由此,在通过端子材的超声波接合等对接合界面施加了负载时,能够抑制Mg-N化合物相中的裂纹,能够维持通过Mg-N化合物相带来的锚固效果。
本发明的绝缘电路基板为在包括氮化硅的陶瓷基板的表面接合由铜或铜合金构成的铜板而成的绝缘电路基板,其特征在于,存在于所述铜板与所述陶瓷基板的接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于100nm,在沿着所述接合界面的单位长度中,长度为10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的所述Mg-N化合物相的个数密度小于8个/μm。
根据本发明的绝缘电路基板,存在于所述铜板与所述陶瓷基板的接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于100nm,在沿着所述接合界面的单位长度中,长度为10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的所述Mg-N化合物相的个数密度小于8个/μm,因此能够抑制由存在于接合界面的Mg-N化合物相引起的电场集中的发生。因此,能够充分提高绝缘电路基板的绝缘性。
在此,在本发明的绝缘电路基板中,优选地,所述陶瓷基板具备氮化硅相和形成在该氮化硅相之间的玻璃相,在位于所述铜板侧的所述玻璃相的内部存在Cu原子。
在这种情况下,在陶瓷基板中,具备氮化硅相和形成在这些氮化硅相之间的玻璃相,在位于所述铜板侧的所述玻璃相的内部存在Cu原子,因此陶瓷基板与铜板会充分进行界面反应,接合可靠性尤其优异。
并且,本发明的绝缘电路基板中,在将所述Mg-N化合物相中的Mg、N及Si的合计值设为100原子%的情况下,Si浓度优选为25原子%以下。
在这种情况下,所述Mg-N化合物相中的Si浓度为25原子%以下,因此可以抑制Si单相在所述Mg-N化合物相的内部的局部析出,能够充分确保所述Mg-N化合物相的强度。由此,在通过端子材的超声波接合等对接合界面施加了负载时,能够抑制Mg-N化合物相中的裂纹,能够维持通过Mg-N化合物相带来的锚固效果。
本发明的铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法是制造上述铜-陶瓷接合体的铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法,其特征在于,包括:Mg配置工序,在所述铜部件与所述陶瓷部件之间配置Mg;层叠工序,通过Mg层叠所述铜部件和所述陶瓷部件;及接合工序,将通过Mg层叠的所述铜部件和所述陶瓷部件在层叠方向上加压的状态下,在真空气氛下进行加热处理而接合,在所述Mg配置工序中,使Mg量在0.34mg/cm2以上且2.09mg/cm2以下的范围内,在所述接合工序中,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值在40℃·h以上且420℃·h以下的范围内。
根据这种构成的铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法,在所述Mg配置工序中,使Mg量为0.34mg/cm2以上,在接合工序中,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值为40℃·h以上,因此能够充分获得进行界面反应所需的Cu-Mg液相,能够可靠地接合铜部件与陶瓷部件。因此,能够提高接合可靠性。
并且,在所述Mg配置工序中,使Mg量为2.09mg/cm2以下,在接合工序中,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值为420℃·h以下,因此能够抑制Mg-N化合物相在所述铜部件与所述陶瓷部件的接合界面过度生成和生长。因此,能够提高绝缘性。
本发明的绝缘电路基板的制造方法是制造上述绝缘电路基板的绝缘电路基板的制造方法,其特征在于,包括:Mg配置工序,在所述铜板与所述陶瓷基板之间配置Mg;层叠工序,通过Mg层叠所述铜板和所述陶瓷基板;及接合工序,将通过Mg层叠的所述铜板和所述陶瓷基板在层叠方向上加压的状态下,在真空气氛下进行加热处理而接合,在所述Mg配置工序中,使Mg量在0.34mg/cm2以上且2.09mg/cm2以下的范围内,在所述接合工序中,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值在40℃·h以上且420℃·h以下的范围内。
根据这种构成的绝缘电路基板的制造方法,在所述Mg配置工序中,使Mg量为0.34mg/cm2以上,在接合工序中,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值为40℃·h以上,因此能够充分获得进行界面反应所需的Cu-Mg液相,能够可靠地接合铜板与陶瓷基板。因此,能够提高接合可靠性。
并且,在所述Mg配置工序中,使Mg量为2.09mg/cm2以下,在接合工序中,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值为420℃·h以下,因此能够抑制Mg-N化合物相在所述铜板与所述陶瓷基板的接合界面过度生成和生长。因此,能够提高绝缘性。
根据本发明,能够提供一种绝缘性优异的铜-陶瓷接合体、绝缘电路基板及铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法、绝缘电路基板的制造方法。
附图说明
图1是使用本发明的实施方式所涉及的绝缘电路基板的功率模块的概略说明图。
图2是本发明的实施方式所涉及的绝缘电路基板的电路层(金属层)与陶瓷基板的接合界面的放大说明图。
图3是本发明的实施方式所涉及的绝缘电路基板中的存在于接合界面S的Mg-N化合物相的长度的说明图。
图4是本发明的实施方式所涉及的绝缘电路基板的电路层(金属层)与陶瓷基板的接合界面的观察结果。
图5是本发明的实施方式所涉及的绝缘电路基板的制造方法的流程图。
图6是本发明的实施方式所涉及的绝缘电路基板的制造方法的概略说明图。该概略说明图中,图6的(a)表示Mg配置工序,图6的(b)表示接合工序,图6的(c)表示所获得的绝缘电路基板。
具体实施方式
以下,参考附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
本实施方式所涉及的铜-陶瓷接合体为通过接合作为由陶瓷构成的陶瓷部件的陶瓷基板11、作为由铜或铜合金构成的铜部件的铜板22(电路层12)及铜板23(金属层13)而成的绝缘电路基板10。在图1示出具备本实施方式的绝缘电路基板10的功率模块1。
该功率模块1具备:配设有电路层12及金属层13的绝缘电路基板10;在电路层12的一面(在图1中为上面)通过接合层2接合的半导体元件3;及配置于金属层13的另一侧(在图1中为下侧)的散热器30。
半导体元件3由Si等半导体材料构成。该半导体元件3与电路层12通过接合层2接合。
接合层2例如由Sn-Ag系、Sn-In系或Sn-Ag-Cu系的焊料构成。
散热器30用于将来自所述绝缘电路基板10的热进行散热。该散热器30由铜或铜合金构成,在本实施方式中,由磷脱氧铜构成。在该散热器30中,设有供冷却用流体流动的流路31。
另外,在本实施方式中,散热器30与金属层13通过由焊料形成的焊料层32进行接合。该焊料层32例如由Sn-Ag系、Sn-In系或Sn-Ag-Cu系的焊料形成。
而且,如图1所示,本实施方式的绝缘电路基板10具备:陶瓷基板11;配设在该陶瓷基板11的一面(在图1中为上面)的电路层12;及配设在陶瓷基板11的另一面(在图1中为下面)的金属层13。
陶瓷基板11包括绝缘性及散热性优异的氮化硅(Si3N4)。该陶瓷基板11的厚度例如设定在0.2mm以上且1.5mm以下的范围内,在本实施方式中,设定为0.32mm。
如图6的(a)~图6的(c)所示,电路层12通过将由铜或铜合金构成的铜板22接合于陶瓷基板11的一面(在图6的(a)~图6的(c)中为上面)而形成。
在本实施方式中,电路层12通过使由无氧铜的轧制板构成的铜板22接合于陶瓷基板11而形成。
另外,成为电路层12的铜板22的厚度设定在0.1mm以上且2.0mm以下的范围内,在本实施方式中,设定为0.6mm。
如图6的(a)~图6的(c)所示,金属层13通过将由铜或铜合金构成的铜板23接合于陶瓷基板11的另一面(在图6的(a)~图6的(c)中为下面)而形成。
在本实施方式中,金属层13通过由无氧铜的轧制板构成的铜板23接合于陶瓷基板11而形成。
另外,成为金属层13的铜板23的厚度设定在0.1mm以上且2.0mm以下的范围内,在本实施方式中,设定为0.6mm。
而且,在陶瓷基板11与电路层12(金属层13)的接合界面,有时会形成有从陶瓷基板11侧朝向电路层12(金属层13)侧延伸的Mg-N化合物相。
该Mg-N化合物相是通过作为接合材料而使用的镁(Mg)与陶瓷基板11中所含的氮(N)进行反应而形成的。
在本实施方式中,如图2所示,观察沿陶瓷基板11与电路层12(金属层13)的层叠方向上的截面时,存在于陶瓷基板11与电路层12(金属层13)的接合界面S的Mg-N化合物相15的最大长度小于100nm,在沿着该接合界面S的单位长度中,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相15的个数密度小于8个/μm。图4的虚线为沿着接合界面S的长度。
在此,存在于接合界面S的Mg-N化合物相15的长度的定义如下。
如图3所示,将Mg-N化合物相15与接合界面S的接触点分别设为左端A、右端B,将从左端A至右端B的沿着接合界面S的长度的一半的位置设为中间点P1,将Mg-N化合物相15与电路层12(金属层13)的边界线设为C,将边界线C的前端设为前端P2。将中间点P1与前端P2之间的距离L定义为长度。
另外,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相15的个数密度优选为小于5个/μm,更优选小于3个/μm。并且,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相15的个数密度的下限值可以为0个/μm。
并且,Mg-N化合物相15的最大长度优选设为10nm以上。
在此,在图4中示出对陶瓷基板11与电路层12(金属层13)的接合界面S附近的观察结果。图4为使用FEI公司制的Titan ChemiSTEM观察沿陶瓷基板11与电路层12(金属层13)的层叠方向上的截面的STEM-HAADF图像。
在该图4中,未观察到明确的Mg-N化合物相15,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相15的个数密度为0个/μm。
并且,在本实施方式的绝缘电路基板10中,如图2所示,优选地,陶瓷基板11具备氮化硅相11a和形成在该氮化硅相11a之间的玻璃相11b,在位于电路层12(金属层13)侧的玻璃相11b的内部存在Cu原子。
另外,玻璃相11b由烧结氮化硅的原料时所使用的烧结助剂而形成,存在于氮化硅相11a之间的晶界部分。
进而,在本实施方式的绝缘电路基板10中,在将Mg-N化合物相15中的Mg、N及Si的合计值设为100原子%的情况下,Si浓度优选为25原子%以下。在这种情况下,由于Mg-N化合物相15中的Si浓度为25原子%以下,因此可以抑制Si单相在Mg-N化合物相15的内部的局部析出,能够充分确保Mg-N化合物相15的强度。由此,在通过端子材的超声波接合等对接合界面施加了负载时,能够抑制Mg-N化合物相15中的裂纹,能够维持通过Mg-N化合物相15带来的锚固效果。
Si浓度更优选为20原子%以下,下限值为5原子%。
以下,参考图5及图6对本实施方式所涉及的绝缘电路基板10的制造方法进行说明。
(Mg配置工序S01)
首先,准备包括氮化硅(Si3N4)的陶瓷基板11,如图6的(a)所示,在成为电路层12的铜板22与陶瓷基板11之间及成为金属层13的铜板23与陶瓷基板11之间分别配置Mg。
本实施方式中,在成为电路层12的铜板22与陶瓷基板11之间及成为金属层13的铜板23与陶瓷基板11之间配设有Mg箔25。
在此,在Mg配置工序S01中,使配置的Mg量在0.34mg/cm2以上且2.09mg/cm2以下的范围内。
通过使配置的Mg量为0.34mg/cm2以上,能够充分获得进行界面反应所需的Cu-Mg液相,能够可靠地接合铜板与陶瓷基板。另一方面,通过将配置的Mg量限制在2.09mg/cm2以下,能够抑制上述的Mg-N化合物相过度生成和生长。
另外,配置的Mg量优选为0.43mg/cm2以上,更优选为0.52mg/cm2以上。另一方面,配置的Mg量优选为1.34mg/cm2以下,更优选为1.04mg/cm2以下。
(层叠工序S02)
接着,通过Mg箔25层叠铜板22和陶瓷基板11,并且通过Mg箔25层叠陶瓷基板11和铜板23。
(接合工序S03)
接着,如图6的(b)所示,将层叠的铜板22、Mg箔25、陶瓷基板11、Mg箔25及铜板23在层叠方向上进行加压,并且装入真空炉内进行加热而接合铜板22、陶瓷基板11及铜板23。
在此,在接合工序S03中,以使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值在40℃·h以上且420℃·h以下的范围内的方式,设定升温速度、保持温度、保持时间及降温速度。
在此,通过使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值在40℃·h以上,能够充分获得进行界面反应所需的Cu-Mg液相,能够可靠地接合铜板与陶瓷基板。另一方面,通过使上述的温度积分值为420℃·h以下,能够抑制上述的Mg-N化合物相过度生成及生长。
另外,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值优选为100℃·h以上,更优选为150℃·h以上。另一方面,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值优选为400℃·h以下,更优选为350℃·h以下,进一步优选为300℃·h以下。
另外,接合工序S03中的加压荷载优选在0.049MPa以上且3.4MPa以下的范围内。
进而,接合工序S03中的真空度优选在1×10-6Pa以上且5×10-2Pa以下的范围内。
如上所述,通过Mg配置工序S01、层叠工序S02及接合工序S03来制造图6的(c)所示的本实施方式的绝缘电路基板10。
(散热器接合工序S04)
接着,在绝缘电路基板10的金属层13的另一面侧接合散热器30。
将绝缘电路基板10与散热器30通过焊料层叠并装入加热炉中,并通过焊料层32焊接接合绝缘电路基板10与散热器30。
(半导体元件接合工序S05)
接着,将半导体元件3通过焊接而接合在绝缘电路基板10的电路层12的一面。
通过上述工序,制出图1所示的功率模块1。
根据设为如上构成的本实施方式的绝缘电路基板10(铜-陶瓷接合体),存在于电路层12(及金属层13)与陶瓷基板11的接合界面的Mg-N化合物相15的最大长度小于100nm,在沿着接合界面的单位长度中,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相15的个数密度小于8个/μm,因此能够抑制由存在于接合界面的Mg-N化合物相15引起的电场集中的发生。因此,能够充分提高绝缘电路基板10的绝缘性。
并且,本实施方式的绝缘电路基板10中,陶瓷基板11具备氮化硅相11a和形成在该氮化硅相11a之间的玻璃相11b,在位于电路层12(及金属层13)侧的玻璃相11b的内部存在Cu原子的情况下,陶瓷基板11与铜板22、23会充分进行界面反应,从而电路层12(及金属层13)与陶瓷基板11的接合可靠性尤其优异。
并且,在本实施方式的绝缘电路基板10中,在将Mg-N化合物相15中的Mg、N及Si的合计值设为100原子%的情况下,当Si浓度为25原子%以下时,能够抑制Si单相在Mg-N化合物相15的内部的局部析出,能够充分确保Mg-N化合物相15的强度。
根据本实施方式的绝缘电路基板10(铜-陶瓷接合体)的制造方法,在Mg配置工序S01中,使Mg量为0.34mg/cm2以上,在接合工序S03中,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值为40℃·h以上,因此能够充分获得进行界面反应所需的Cu-Mg液相,能够可靠地接合铜板22、23与陶瓷基板11。
并且,在Mg配置工序S01中,使Mg量为2.09mg/cm2以下,在接合工序S03中,使Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值为420℃·h以下,因此,能够抑制Mg-N化合物相在电路层12(及金属层13)与陶瓷基板11的接合界面过度生成和生长。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但本发明并不限于此,能够在不脱离本发明的技术思想的范围内进行适当变更。
例如,在本实施方式中,对在绝缘电路基板搭载半导体元件而构成功率模块的构成进行了说明,但并不限于此。例如,可以在绝缘电路基板的电路层搭载LED元件而构成LED模块,也可以在绝缘电路基板的电路层搭载热电元件而构成热电模块。
并且,在本实施方式的绝缘电路基板中,对电路层和金属层均通过由铜或铜合金构成的铜板构成的情况进行了说明,但并不限于此。
例如,若电路层和陶瓷基板由本发明的铜-陶瓷接合体构成,则对金属层的材质或接合方法并无限制,可以没有金属层,金属层可以由铝或铝合金构成,也可以由铜和铝的层叠体构成。
另一方面,若金属层和陶瓷基板由本发明的铜-陶瓷接合体构成,则对电路层的材质或接合方法并无限制,电路层可以由铝或铝合金构成,也可以由铜和铝的层叠体构成。
进而,在本实施方式中,在Mg配置工序中,对在铜板与陶瓷基板之间层叠Mg箔的构成进行了说明,但并不限于此,也可以通过溅射法或蒸镀法等来将由Mg构成的薄膜形成在陶瓷基板及铜板的接合面。并且,也可以涂布使用Mg或MgH2制成的膏。
实施例
以下,对为了确认本发明的效果而进行的确认实验的结果进行说明。
(实施例1)
首先,准备了包括氮化硅(Si3N4)的陶瓷基板(40mm×40mm×0.32mm)。
将由无氧铜构成的铜板(37mm×37mm×厚度0.6mm),以表1所示的Mg配置工序及接合工序的条件,在该陶瓷基板的两面接合了铜板与陶瓷基板,从而获得了绝缘电路基板(铜-陶瓷接合体)。另外,使接合时的真空炉的真空度为2×10-3Pa。
关于所获得的绝缘电路基板(铜-陶瓷接合体),对在接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度、长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度、玻璃相内部有无Cu原子、冷热循环后的接合率及绝缘耐压,如下进行了评价。
(Mg-N化合物相)
使用透射型电子显微镜(FEI公司制Titan ChemiSTEM),以200kV的加速电压、2万倍的倍率观察铜板与陶瓷基板的接合界面,当存在Mg和N共存的区域,且在该区域中将Mg、N及Si的合计设为100原子%时,Mg的浓度为40原子%以上且65原子%以下的情况下,认定为Mg-N化合物相。
而且,算出了Mg-N化合物相的最大长度、沿着接合界面的单位长度中长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度。
关于Mg-N化合物相的最大长度,在铜-陶瓷接合体的截面中,提取利用透射型电子显微镜(FEI公司制Titan ChemiSTEM)观察接合界面时的视场(2μm×2μm)内的Mg-N化合物相,并按照上述的定义测定了Mg-N化合物相的长度。在各铜-陶瓷接合体中,以五个视场进行该操作,将长度最大的Mg-N化合物相的长度表示为Mg-N化合物相的最大长度。
关于Mg-N化合物相的个数密度,使用透射型电子显微镜(FEI公司制TitanChemiSTEM)观察沿着铜-陶瓷接合体的层叠方向切割的铜-陶瓷接合体的截面时的视场(2μm×2μm)内的、沿着铜板与陶瓷基板的接合界面的单位长度中,对长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相的个数进行计数而算出了个数密度(个/μm)。以五个视场进行该操作,将其平均值表示为个数密度(个/μm)。
将评价结果示于表1。另外,关于Mg-N化合物相的最大长度及Mg-N化合物相的个数密度,将存在于测定视场的边界部而无法掌握整体的Mg-N化合物相排除在外而进行测定。
(玻璃相内部的Cu原子)
使用透射型电子显微镜(FEI公司制Titan ChemiSTEM、加速电压200kV)观察陶瓷基板的截面,对玻璃相中有无Cu原子进行确认。
另外,玻璃相设为在将Cu、Si、O及N的合计值设为100原子%时,Si小于15原子%并且O在3原子%以上且25原子%以下的范围内的区域。将评价结果示于表1。
(冷热循环负载后的接合率)
使用冷热冲击试验机(ESPEC CORP.制TSA-72ES),在气相中,对绝缘电路基板以-40℃×5分钟←→175℃×5分钟的循环实施了800个循环。之后,如下评价了陶瓷基板与铜板的接合率。
关于接合率的评价,对绝缘电路基板,使用超声波探伤仪(Hitachi PowerSolutions Co.,Ltd.制FineSAT200)评价了陶瓷基板与铜板(电路层及金属层)的界面的接合率,并由以下式算出了接合率。
在此,初始接合面积是指在接合前应接合的面积,即,在本实施例中为电路层及金属层的面积(37mm×37mm)。
(接合率)={(初始接合面积)-(剥离面积)}/(初始接合面积)
在对超声波探伤图像进行二值化处理后的图像中,用接合部内的白色部来表示剥离,因此将该白色部的面积作为剥离面积。将这些结果示于表1。
(绝缘耐压)
将上述冷热循环负载后的绝缘电路基板的正面和背面用电极夹住,以1kV/秒的升压速度每升压0.5kV保持30秒钟,反复进行该操作而绝缘破坏时的电压作为绝缘耐压。另外,在本实施例中,将1mA以上的电流流过时的电压作为绝缘耐压。将评价结果示于表1。
[表1]
Figure GDA0003671228860000121
※1温度积分值:将Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的值
※2在接合界面的10nm以上且小于100nm的长度的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度
在Mg配置工序中的Mg量为2.61mg/cm2的比较例1中,Mg-N化合物相的最大长度超过了100nm,长度为10nm以上且小于100nm的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度超过了8个/μm。因此,绝缘耐压较低,为5.5kV,绝缘性不充分。
在接合工序中的温度积分值为503℃·h的比较例2中,Mg-N化合物相的最大长度超过了100nm,长度为10nm以上且小于100nm的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度超过了8个/μm。因此,绝缘耐压较低,为5.0kV,绝缘性不充分。
在Mg配置工序中的Mg量为0.17mg/cm2的比较例3中,Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于10nm。因此,接合不良,停止了其他评价。
在接合工序中的温度积分值为19℃·h的比较例4中,Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于10nm。因此,接合不良,停止了其他评价。充分生成了液相,推测为其原因在于反应不充分。
相对于此,在存在于接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于100nm,并且在沿着接合界面的单位长度中长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度小于8个/μm的本发明例1-8中,绝缘耐压为7.0kV以上,绝缘性优异。
并且,在玻璃相的内部存在Cu原子的本发明例3-8中,冷热循环负载后的接合率变高,接合可靠性优异。
(实施例2)
准备了包括氮化硅(Si3N4)的陶瓷基板(40mm×40mm×0.32mm)。
将由无氧铜构成的铜板(37mm×37mm×厚度0.6mm),以表2所示的条件,在该陶瓷基板的两面接合,从而获得了绝缘电路基板(铜-陶瓷接合体)。另外,使接合时的真空炉的真空度为2×10-3Pa。
关于所获得的绝缘电路基板(铜-陶瓷接合体),以与实施例1同样的方式,对在接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度、长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度及玻璃相内部有无Cu原子进行了评价。将评价结果示于表2。
并且,关于Mg-N化合物相中的Si浓度、通炉试验后的接合率及绝缘性,如下进行了评价。
(Mg-N化合物相中的Si浓度)
从所获得的绝缘电路基板(铜-陶瓷接合体)的中央部取观察试样,并使用透射型电子显微镜(FEI公司制Titan ChemiSTEM),以200kV的加速电压及2万倍的倍率观察铜板与陶瓷基板的接合界面,存在Mg和N共存的区域(即,前述的Mg-N化合物相),且在该区域中,将Mg、N及Si的合计设为100原子%来测定了Si浓度。
(冷热循环负载后的接合率)
负载-78℃×2分钟←→350℃×2分钟冷热循环进行五次后,以与实施例1同样的方式,评价了陶瓷基板与铜板的接合率。将评价结果示于表2。
(绝缘评价)
将上述的通炉试验后的绝缘电路基板的正面和背面用电极夹住,以1kV/秒的升压速度每升压0.5kV保持30秒钟,反复进行该操作而放电电荷超过了10pC时的电压作为局部放电开始电压。将评价结果示于表2。
[表2]
Figure GDA0003671228860000141
※1温度积分值:将Mg-Si共晶温度(639℃)以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的值
※2在接合界面的10nm以上且小于100nm的长度的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度
在Mg配置工序中的Mg量为3.741mg/cm2的比较例11中,Mg-N化合物相的最大长度超过了100nm,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度超过了8个/μm,并且Mg-N化合物相的Si浓度超过了25原子%。因此,冷热循环负载后的局部放电开始电压较低,为4.9kV,绝缘性不充分。
相对于此,存在于接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于100nm、在沿着接合界面的单位长度中长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的Mg-N化合物相的个数密度小于8个/μm及Mg-N化合物相的Si浓度为25原子%以下的本发明例11-19中,冷热循环负载后的局部放电开始电压为6.5kV以上,绝缘性优异。
并且,比较本发明例11-19,确认到通过将Mg-N化合物相中的Si浓度控制得较低,冷热循环负载后的局部放电开始电压变高,绝缘性更优异。
由以上结果可确认到,根据本发明例,能够提供绝缘性优异的铜-陶瓷接合体、绝缘电路基板及铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法、绝缘电路基板的制造方法。
符号说明
10 绝缘电路基板(铜-陶瓷接合体)
11 陶瓷基板(陶瓷部件)
11a 氮化硅相
11b 玻璃相
12 电路层(铜部件)
13 金属层(铜部件)
15 Mg-N化合物相。

Claims (8)

1.一种铜-陶瓷接合体,通过接合由铜或铜合金构成的铜部件和包括氮化硅的陶瓷部件而成,其特征在于,
存在于所述铜部件与所述陶瓷部件的接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于100nm,
关于所述Mg-N化合物相的最大长度,在将所述Mg-N化合物相与所述接合界面的接触点分别设为左端、右端,将从所述左端至所述右端的沿着所述接合界面的长度的一半的位置设为中间点,将所述Mg-N化合物相与所述铜部件的边界线的前端设为前端时,所述中间点与所述前端之间的距离为所述Mg-N化合物相的长度,长度最大的所述Mg-N化合物相的长度为所述Mg-N化合物相的最大长度,
在沿着所述接合界面的单位长度中,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的所述Mg-N化合物相的个数密度小于8个/μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铜-陶瓷接合体,其特征在于,
所述陶瓷部件具备氮化硅相及形成在该氮化硅相之间的玻璃相,
在位于所述铜部件侧的所述玻璃相的内部存在Cu原子。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的铜-陶瓷接合体,其特征在于,
在将所述Mg-N化合物相中的Mg、N及Si的合计值设为100原子%的情况下,Si浓度为25原子%以下。
4.一种绝缘电路基板,通过在包括氮化硅的陶瓷基板的表面接合由铜或铜合金构成的铜板而成,其特征在于,
存在于所述铜板与所述陶瓷基板的接合界面的Mg-N化合物相的最大长度小于100nm,
关于所述Mg-N化合物相的最大长度,在将所述Mg-N化合物相与所述接合界面的接触点分别设为左端、右端,将从所述左端至所述右端的沿着所述接合界面的长度的一半的位置设为中间点,将所述Mg-N化合物相与所述铜板的边界线的前端设为前端时,所述中间点与所述前端之间的距离为所述Mg-N化合物相的长度,长度最大的所述Mg-N化合物相的长度为所述Mg-N化合物相的最大长度,
沿着所述接合界面的单位长度中,长度在10nm以上且小于100nm的范围内的所述Mg-N化合物相的个数密度小于8个/μm。
5.根据权利要求4所述的绝缘电路基板,其特征在于,
所述陶瓷基板具备氮化硅相及形成在该氮化硅相之间的玻璃相,
在位于所述铜板侧的所述玻璃相的内部存在Cu原子。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的绝缘电路基板,其特征在于,
在将所述Mg-N化合物相中的Mg、N及Si的合计值设为100原子%的情况下,Si浓度为25原子%以下。
7.一种铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法,其特征在于,制造权利要求1至3中任一项所述的铜-陶瓷接合体,所述铜-陶瓷接合体的制造方法包括:
Mg配置工序,在所述铜部件与所述陶瓷部件之间配置Mg;
层叠工序,通过Mg层叠所述铜部件和所述陶瓷部件;及
接合工序,将通过Mg层叠的所述铜部件和所述陶瓷部件在层叠方向上加压的状态下,在真空气氛下进行加热处理而接合,
在所述Mg配置工序中,使Mg量在0.34mg/cm2以上且2.09mg/cm2以下的范围内,
在所述接合工序中,使Mg-Si共晶温度以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值在40℃·h以上且420℃·h以下的范围内,所述Mg-Si共晶温度为639℃。
8.一种绝缘电路基板的制造方法,其特征在于,制造权利要求4至6中任一项所述的绝缘电路基板,所述绝缘电路基板的制造方法包括:
Mg配置工序,在所述铜板与所述陶瓷基板之间配置Mg;
层叠工序,通过Mg层叠所述铜板和所述陶瓷基板;及
接合工序,将通过Mg层叠的所述铜板和所述陶瓷基板在层叠方向上加压的状态下,在真空气氛下进行加热处理而接合,
在所述Mg配置工序中,使Mg量在0.34mg/cm2以上且2.09mg/cm2以下的范围内,
在所述接合工序中,使Mg-Si共晶温度以上的温度与时间相乘后累计而得的温度积分值在40℃·h以上且420℃·h以下的范围内,所述Mg-Si共晶温度为639℃。
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