CN114786913A - 具有增强的感知表面白度的轻质多层泡沫膜 - Google Patents

具有增强的感知表面白度的轻质多层泡沫膜 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114786913A
CN114786913A CN202080083782.3A CN202080083782A CN114786913A CN 114786913 A CN114786913 A CN 114786913A CN 202080083782 A CN202080083782 A CN 202080083782A CN 114786913 A CN114786913 A CN 114786913A
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China
Prior art keywords
film
layer
packaging
white
less
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CN202080083782.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
迈赫迪·萨涅伊
马克·E·林登费尔泽
尼古拉斯·R·托拉科
詹姆斯·K·萨科拉福斯
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MuCell Extrusion LLC
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MuCell Extrusion LLC
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Publication of CN114786913A publication Critical patent/CN114786913A/zh
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Abstract

公开了包括用于光阻挡、标识和普通包装应用的具有增强的感知表面白度的多层泡沫膜。在一个实施方案中，所述膜的体密度小于0.962克/cm3，其中泡沫层中的多于50％的孔为闭孔。在一个实施方案中，多层泡沫膜的厚度大于1密耳并且实心表层中的一者包含白色颜料。在另一个实施方案中，白色表层具有根据ASTM E313‑73大于80的表层白度值和根据ASTM E313‑73小于1的表层色调值，以及根据ASTM E308在CIEL*a*b*维度中的大于90的白色表层的明度值(L*)。在一个实施方案中，所述膜具有根据TAPPI T 538在谢菲尔德平滑度单元配置中的平滑度值小于25的非常平滑的表面。

Description

具有增强的感知表面白度的轻质多层泡沫膜
相关申请
本申请要求于2019年10月7日提交的美国临时专利申请第62/911,820号的优先权，其通过引用整体并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及可以用于包装行业中的纸替代物应用的多层泡沫膜。
背景技术
随着新兴市场中食品包装的巨大需求增长，将期望生产具有用于印刷目的的高表面品质和白度的轻质可回收聚合物膜。因此，应将某些形式的白色颜料并入塑料产品中。例如，已经将二氧化钛(TiO2)广泛地用作多种行业中的常规白色颜料之一。TiO2为聚合物行业中的光响应性多功能添加剂，其可以根据类型和浓度而有效地散射可见光的所有光谱，因此赋予白度、亮度和不透明度。
不同于可以通过吸收可见光的一些光谱来提供不透明度的其他着色颜料，TiO2和所有其他相似白色颜料可以通过散射可见光提供不透明度。在多层热塑性膜中，可以将白色颜料例如TiO2并入表层中以提供不透明度和白度。因此，除了被聚合物或颜料吸收的量之外，所有射照到表面上的光均向外散射。因此，表面中的颜料的量、分散性和类型可以确定整个结构如何呈现不透明度和白色以及整个结构呈现不透明度和白色的程度。
另一方面，对于各种应用，所述膜的一侧可以具有除了白色之外的不同颜色。例如，在很多情况下，包括用于表面保护应用，一侧为白色而另一侧为黑色。在这种情况下，不包括被白色颜料散射的量的一些光被黑色背侧吸收，这影响白色表面的感知白度。因此，为了增加散射和反射的光的量并且降低光吸收和透射的量，可以增加具有较高折射率的白色颜料(例如TiO2)的量以解决该问题，这可以增加表面的白度，这因此可能显著增加生产成本。因此，问题是当同一膜或片的另一侧具有不同颜色(特别是黑色)时，在白色颜料(例如TiO2)的浓度没有任何增加的情况下是否可以增强多层聚合物膜或片的一侧上的感知表面白度或至少保持未受损。
发明内容
本文中描述了用于包装应用的具有增强的感知表面白度的可回收轻质多层膜。所述膜可以具有产生优异印刷品质的高白度和光强度的非常平滑的表面。
在一个方面中，提供了共挤出的轻质多层热塑性膜。所述膜包括：包括多个孔的至少一个泡沫层，其中至少10％的孔为闭孔。所述膜还包括在泡沫层的每一侧上的实心层。所述膜具有等于或大于1密耳的总厚度和小于1克/cm3的体密度，并且实心表层中的一者包含白色颜料。白色表层具有根据ASTM E313-73大于80的表层白度值和根据ASTM E313-73小于1的表层色调值，以及根据ASTM E308在CIE L*a*b*维度中的大于90的白色表层的明度值(L*)。
所述膜可以具有根据TAPPI T 538平均谢菲尔德平滑度小于100的表面。
其他方面、实施方案、优点和特征将根据以下详细描述变得明显。
具体实施方式
除非上下文另外明确规定，否则单数形式“一个/者/种”(“a/an/the”)包括复数对象。
本文中所公开的所有范围均包括所列举的端点并且可独立地组合(例如，大于1密耳的总厚度包括端点1密耳。)
如本文中所使用的，近似语言可以用于修饰可以改变而不导致与其相关的基本功能的变化的任何定量表示。因此，由诸如“约”和“基本上”的一个或多个术语修饰的值可以不限于所指定的精确值。修饰语“约”还应被认为公开了由两个端点的绝对值限定的范围。例如，表述“约0.05至约15”也公开了“0.05至15”的范围。
如本文中所使用的，术语“轻质”是指本文中所描述的产品的体密度值小于或等于其由相关基础原始树脂制成的实心对应物的密度或者相关基础原始树脂的密度。在相似的上下文中，术语“轻质”是指本文中所描述的产品的体密度值小于或至少等于具有相同厚度或具有相同的以克/m2计的每单位面积的重量值的纸板的密度。例如，本发明的产品的体密度值可以小于0.962克/cm3，其小于相关基础原始树脂的0.962克/cm3的密度值或者小于其由相关基础原始树脂制成的实心对应物的0.962克/cm3的体密度值。在另一个相似的上下文中，术语“轻质”是指本文中所描述的产品的体密度值小于水的密度或小于1克/cm3。
本公开内容涉及适合用于以下大范围的应用的多层轻质聚乙烯泡沫膜或片：例如，快速食品包装；干燥食品产品的包装，所述干燥食品产品例如饼干、小甜饼、麦片类、茶、咖啡、糖、面粉、干燥食品混合物、巧克力、糖类糖食、宠物食品；冷冻食品的包装，所述冷冻食品例如冷藏食品和冰淇凌；用于新鲜产品的背衬板，所述新鲜产品例如蔬菜、水果、肉、培根和鱼；烘焙食品的包装；液体食品和饮料的包装，所述液体食品和饮料例如果汁饮料、牛奶和来源于牛奶的所有种类的产品；以及所有种类的衣物洗涤剂、洗发剂和身体洗涤剂的包装；制造所有种类的袋，所述所有种类的袋涵盖自立袋(stand-up pouch)、小袋(sachet)、宠物食品盒和食品盒；所有种类的无菌包装以涵盖巴氏杀菌产品；婴儿食品的包装；所有种类的甜点的包装；液体食品和饮料的包装，所述液体食品和饮料例如肉汤、汤、果汁饮料、牛奶和来源于牛奶的所有种类的产品、浓缩物、所有种类的调味品、液蛋以及番茄产品。此外，所述多层轻质聚乙烯泡沫膜或片可以用于表面保护应用以及光阻挡和标识(signage)应用中。
本文中公开了具有增强的感知表面白度的可回收轻质多层膜，所述可回收轻质多层膜包括至少三个层，所述可回收轻质多层膜可以为用于包装行业中的纸板的替代物，用于直接和非直接食品接触包装应用。所述膜包含聚乙烯(PE)，其中不包括实心表层的至少一个层具有多孔结构，并且实心表层中的一者包含一些适量的白色颜料例如TiO2。在一些实施方案中，至少10％的孔为闭孔；在一些实施方案中，多于50％的孔为闭孔；以及在一些实施方案中，多于75％的孔为闭孔。如本文中所使用的，“闭孔”是指这样的孔：其具有完全围绕孔的孔壁而不具有开口，使得不存在与相邻孔的互联。
此外，本文中所描述的公开的多层发泡膜产品的感知表层白度与其实心对应物相比可以得到改善。这可以首先通过以下来完成：在多层膜的芯中包括多孔层，或者包括多孔层作为芯层与白色实心表层之间的中间层，其中所述多孔层位于与白色实心表层相邻或靠近。在另一个实施方案中，增强的感知表面白度可以通过在多层膜的两个实心表层之间包括多孔层来实现。其次，通过精确调节和改变多孔层的厚度以及孔尺寸和孔密度。所公开的产品的增强的感知表面白度可以由于随着包括多孔层而在所述膜的白色侧上散射的可见光的增加而实现。
在一个实施方案中，在此描述的多层膜中的中间实心层中的至少一者可以包含消费后再次粉碎物料，例如消费后再次粉碎物料聚乙烯(PE)。
在一些实施方案中，可以使用吹塑薄膜工艺，其中由于有益于泡沫层中的孔成核的非常窄的间隙，挤出机的头压可以变高。使用这样的技术，应避免熔体破裂，并且树脂应具有优异的热稳定性和足够高的熔体强度。在一些实施方案中，所描述的多层膜的所有层均包含PE，以及在一些情况下，这些层的一者或更多者中的聚合物材料基本上由PE组成。在一个实施方案中，多层膜的至少一个层可以包含LDPE。在一些实施方案中，多层膜可以包括九个层；在一些实施方案中，可以包括八个层；在一些实施方案中，可以包括七个层；在一些实施方案中，可以包括六个层；在一些实施方案中，可以包括五个层，在一些实施方案中，可以包括四个层，以及在一些实施方案中，可以包括三个层。例如，三层膜可以包括泡沫芯层(例如，包含PE)和每一者在芯层的各相反侧上的两个实心层(例如，包含PE)，其中实心表层中的一者包含白色颜料(例如TiO2)。在一种情况下，五层泡沫膜包括在各自在芯层的各相反侧上的两个实心表层之间中的泡沫芯层(例如，包含PE)，其中实心表层中的一者包含白色颜料(例如TiO2)。在另一个实施方案中，七层泡沫膜包括在两个实心表层之间的泡沫芯层，其中实心表层中的一者包含白色颜料(例如TiO2)。在另一个实施方案中，可以为三个层、四个层、五个层、六个层、七个层、八个层或九个层的多层膜包括至少一个泡沫层和两个实心表层，其中实心表层中的一者包含白色颜料(例如TiO2)。应理解其他层配置可以是可能的。
在一个实施方案中，用于生产所描述的多层膜的方法可以利用非常少且精确量的超临界气体(例如，低于0.1重量％)作为加工助剂和发泡剂。这样的超临界气体可以在作为挤出机筒的延伸部分的高效且有效的混合器(例如腔传递式混合器)的内部在高压例如大于34巴下注入到熔融聚合物中。用于所述方法中的超临界发泡剂可以为氮气、二氧化碳、或者氮气和二氧化碳的混合物。在一些实施方案中，可以在以下的注射压力下将超临界发泡剂引入挤出机的混合段内部：大于或等于34巴；在一些情况下，大于或等于70巴；在一些情况下，大于或等于240巴；以及在一些情况下，大于或等于380巴。可以将混合器的温度精确地控制在±1℃内。包含微量的气体可以在所述方法以及例如吹塑薄膜挤塑工艺中提供几个重要的优点。例如，气体可以减小背压，这允许以更高的生产量加工并且可以使任何气泡不稳定性延迟。因此，可以显著减少熔体破裂。此外，在具有多孔结构的层中存在成核剂的情况下，气体可以提高PE的加工能力并且用作物理发泡剂。由于可能产生高的表面平滑度的熔体的粘度控制，物理发泡剂的添加可以抑制熔体破裂的发展。因此可以显著改善膜上的印刷品质。
通常，可以使用常规聚合物加工设备来生产本文中所描述的膜。在一些情况下，例如，所述膜可以通过使用模间隙为0.45mm至1.3mm的环形模头和在1.5:1至3.5:1范围内的吹胀比的吹塑薄膜工艺来生产。较高的吹胀比可以引起更平衡的MD/TD(机器方向/横向方向)取向，这改善了整体膜韧性。模头几何形状和规格可以根据例如专利申请US2012/0228793A1(其通过引用整体并入本文)来制造。
在一些实施方案中，已例如在以下中描述了合适的泡沫层及其形成方法：于2020年5月15日提交并且题目为“LIGHTWEIGHT POLYETHYLENE FILM FOR ASEPTIC PACKAGINGAPPLICATIONS AND THE PRODUCT RESULTING THEREFROM AND THE PROCESS OF MAKINGTHE SAME”的共有的美国专利申请第16/875,198号和2019年5月17日提交并且题目为“LIGHTWEIGHT POLYETHYLENE FILM FOR FOOD PACKAGING APPLICATIONS AND THEPRODUCT RESULTING THEREFROM AND THE PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME”的美国专利申请第16/415,233号，其二者通过引用整体并入本文。
在一些实施方案中，已例如在以下中描述了合适的泡沫层及其形成方法：于2019年11月15日提交并且题目为“ANISOTROPIC THIN POLYETHYLENE SHEET AND APPLICATIONSTHEREOF AND THE PROCESS OF MAKING THE SAME”的共有的美国专利申请第US20200198308A1号，其通过引用整体并入本文。
大多数常规PE吹塑薄膜使用包含LDPE的PE共混物进行加工以提高气泡稳定性。几乎所有的HDPE膜都是以高浆液吹塑薄膜工艺制成的；否则，HDPE膜的撕裂强度显著劣化。如上所述，在用于生产多层膜的方法的实施方案中，在进入环形模头之前，可以在传递式混合器内部以精确控制的速率将超临界气体注入到熔体中。可以将该单元控制为具有±1℃的精度和低于1％的气体注射压力变化的单独的温度区域。气体的增塑效果可以引起熔融树脂的粘度变化，这将在与常规使用的加工温度相比更低的温度下提高环形模头内部的树脂的加工能力。因此，可以在袋内部形成相对稳定的气泡。然后，由于聚乙烯的总的高比热容，因此气泡的横向拉伸可以被延迟直至膜变得更冷，这可以进一步提高气泡稳定性和霜白线高度。这在控制表层的结晶动力学以改善几种其他物理机械特性方面也可以是有益的。
在一些实施方案中，本文中所描述的多层泡沫膜可以通过吹塑薄膜工艺、流延薄膜工艺、或其他合适的方法来生产。
在一些实施方案中，各层的聚合物组成可以包含一些适量的其他添加剂，例如颜料、增滑剂、抗静电剂、UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂、成核剂、或澄清剂。在一些实施方案中，实心表层中的一者包含适量(例如，小于1重量百分比)的白色颜料，例如TiO2、金红石TiO2、锐钛矿TiO2、氧化锑、氧化锌、碱氏碳酸盐、铅白、锌钡白、黏土、硅酸镁、重晶石(BaSO4)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)、白色液体色料，或者可以用作白色色料的任何其他类型的添加剂。
在一些情况下，多层泡沫膜可以包括两个实心表层，其中表层中的一者包含一些适量(例如，小于1重量百分比)的白色颜料，并且另一个实心表层包含一些适量(例如，小于1重量百分比)的黑色颜料。
在另一个示例性实施方案中，本文中所描述的多层产品中的不包括实心表层的层中的至少一者包含高至100％的消费后再次粉碎物料，例如消费后或工业后聚乙烯再次粉碎物料。
泡沫层可以任选地包含0.05重量百分比至15重量百分比的无机添加剂、有机添加剂或者无机添加剂和有机添加剂的混合物作为成核剂。例如，泡沫层可以包含高至约15重量％的滑石作为成核剂。在一些实施方案中，至少一个层可以以小于1重量百分比，例如小于0.5重量百分比，例如小于0.1重量百分比，例如小于0.05重量百分比包含澄清剂。在一些情况下，膜的至少一个层可以包含高至约40重量％的碳酸钙。
与具有相似白色颜料浓度的已知白色实心膜制品相比，所描述的包括至少一个泡沫层的其中实心表层中的一者包含白色颜料的多层膜可以具有显著改善的感知表面白度。在一些实施方案中，所描述的包括至少一个泡沫层的其中实心表层中的一者以小于现有技术中现有的白色实心膜制品中的白色颜料浓度的浓度包含白色颜料的多层膜可以具有显著改善的感知表面白度。在一个示例性实施方案中，具有芯发泡层的其中实心表层中的一者包含小于1重量％的白色颜料(例如TiO2)而另一个实心表层包含小于1重量％的黑色颜料(例如炭黑)的多层泡沫膜例如三层泡沫膜可以具有根据ISO 11475，还根据ASTM E313-73，以及还根据TAPPI T 525的大于80的白度指数值和小于1的色调指数值。样品可以具有根据ASTM E308，还根据ISO 5631-2在CIE L*a*b*坐标中的大于90的光强度(L*)。
在另一个实施方案中，共挤出的轻质多层热塑性膜包括：包括多个孔的至少一个泡沫层，其中至少10％的孔为闭孔，以及在泡沫层的每一侧上的实心层。所述膜具有等于或大于1密耳的总厚度和小于1克/cm3的体密度，以及实心表层中的一者包含白色颜料，其中白色表层具有根据ISO 11475，还根据ASTM E313-73，以及还根据TAPPI T 525大于80的表层白度值和小于1的表层色调值。所述膜具有根据ASTM E308，还根据ISO 5631-2在CIE L*a*b*维度中的大于90的白色表层的明度值(L*)。
所描述的膜可以具有根据TAPPI T 538平均谢菲尔德平滑度小于100的表面。在一些实施方案中，所述膜的平均谢菲尔德平滑度可以小于50；在一些情况下小于40；在一些情况下小于30；以及在一些情况下小于15。
多层泡沫膜的总厚度可以大于1密耳，在一些情况下大于8密耳，在一些情况下大于10密耳，以及在一些情况下大于13密耳。
在一些实施方案中，本发明的轻质膜的体密度小于1克/cm3；在一些情况下小于0.962克/cm3；在一些情况下小于0.94克/cm3；在一些情况下小于0.9克/cm3；在一些情况下小于0.85克/cm3；以及在一些情况下小于0.8克/cm3。
在一些实施方案中，所公开的膜的任意泡沫层可以具有均匀分布的孔，所述孔例如具有闭孔形态、约10μm至250μm的平均孔尺寸、约102个孔/cm3至109个孔/cm3的平均孔密度、以及1至9的发泡层的膨胀率。在一些情况下，泡沫层包含多于50％的闭孔。在一个实施方案中，泡沫层具有基本上完全闭孔形态(例如，多于95％的闭孔)。
在一些实施方案中，可以在多层泡沫膜的至少一个层中使用各种热塑性塑料，例如聚乙烯(PE)，聚丙烯(PP)，聚苯乙烯(PS)，聚碳酸酯(PC)，聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)(PMMA)，聚乳酸(PLA)，聚羟基链烷酸酯(PHA)，聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)，乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)，乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)，聚氯乙烯(PVC)，聚偏二氯乙烯(PVDC)，聚酰胺(PA)，包含α-烯烃共聚单体例如丁烯、己烯或辛烯的LLDPE共聚物；称为TPE家族的任何树脂，例如但不限于丙烯-乙烯共聚物、热塑性烯烃(TPO)和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)。在另一个示例性实施方案中，所述膜具有包含密度为0.94克/cm3至0.962克/cm3的HDPE的至少一个层。在一些实施方案中，所述膜具有包含熔融指数为0.02dg/分钟至20dg/分钟的HDPE的至少一个层。
在另一个实施方案中，在此描述的多层膜的至少一个层(例如，不包括外表层)可以包含LDPE、PP、PA、EVOH、EVA或PVOH。在一个实施方案中，本文中所描述的多层泡沫膜产品可以包括在两个实心表层之间的一个氧阻隔层或至少一个氧阻隔层。
以下实施例说明了本公开内容的方法。这些实施例仅为说明性的，并且不旨在关于本文所阐述的材料、条件、或加工参数对本公开内容进行限制。
实施例
使用来自Windmoeller&Hoelscher Corporation的包括一个105mm主挤出机和两个相同的75mm共挤出机的吹塑薄膜生产线来生产多层HDPE膜(三层)的样品。核心挤出机配备有能够注射氮气或二氧化碳的超临界气体注射单元和120mm MuCell传递式混合器，二者均来自MuCell Extrusion LLC。所有膜均通过使用模具间隙在0.45mm至1.3mm范围内的环形模头和在1.8:1至3.5:1范围内的吹胀比的吹塑薄膜工艺来生产。环形模头的唇涂覆有氮化硼。
为了表征样品的白度、色调、光强度和其他颜色特性，使用来自HunterLab的分光光度计MiniScan EZ。使用GurleyTM 4340自动透气度测定仪和平滑度测试仪(AutomaticDensometer&Smoothness Tester)来评估产品的平滑度。
表1包括作为阐明本发明的非限制性实例而制成的产品的表征结果。样品用来自Dow Chemical Company的具有0.85dg/分钟的熔融指数和0.962克/cm3的密度的高密度聚乙烯ELITE 5960来生产。在几个样品中，使用较小分数的来自Dow Chemical Company的具有0.25dg/分钟的熔融指数和0.921克/cm3的密度的LDPE 132I。在几个样品中使用的较小分数的聚丙烯为来自Braskem的具有1.3dg/分钟的熔体流动速率和0.902克/cm3的密度的PRB 0131。准备碳酸钙和滑石并将其分别作为在作为基础载体树脂的PE内80重量％填充的碳酸钙和74重量％填充的滑石的高填充母料引入。所有样品的发泡芯层均包含高至约16重量％的滑石作为孔成核剂。一些样品的几个层中使用的碳酸钙的量为高至约38.4重量％。
所有样品均以300kg/小时至500kg/小时的总生产量共挤出，如表1中所示。对于所有发泡样品，将其中注射超临界气体的混合段的温度保持在190℃。使用超临界氮气作为物理发泡剂并将其以0.045重量％至0.065重量％的浓度注射到MuCell传递式混合器(MuCellTransfer Mixer，MTM)中，非常精确地注射到熔融聚合物中。
样品1和2为具有233μm的相同厚度的实心单层HDPE样品，其中样品2包含25％的碳酸钙，这导致不透明度值从约22增加至约50。用可以代表具有黑色层的相同膜的黑色瓷砖背衬测量样品1和2的不包括不透明度的颜色特性，例如白度、色调、亮度和光强度。样品3至8在白色表层中包含10.5重量％的TiO2。即使这些样品的结构不同，所有也均表现出相同范围内的白度、色调、亮度和光强度值。
样品16为实心三层膜，其中与样品3至8相比，实心层中的TiO2浓度显著降低至4.9重量％。在该样品中，所测量的明度L*劣化至85.4以及色调值增加至4.22。然而，虽然TiO2浓度降低至几乎一半，但是白度值未降低。这可能是因为来自包含几乎0.5重量％的炭黑的黑色背衬层的UV吸收和蓝色散射。此外，亮度值显著降低，这可能是由于影响散射的TiO2浓度的降低。
样品10为样品9的泡沫变体，其中在中间包含仅一个泡沫层导致更高量的光散射和显著增加的明度值(L*)；以及色调值显著降低至0.86。因此，即使与其他样品相比TiO2的量显著降低，样品10也确实表现出与样品9相比增强的感知表面白度。
Figure BDA0003676284560000101

Claims (25)

1.一种共挤出的轻质多层热塑性膜，包括：
包括多个孔的至少一个泡沫层，其中至少10％的所述孔为闭孔，以及在所述泡沫层的每一侧上的实心层，其中所述膜具有等于或大于1密耳的总厚度和小于1克/cm3的体密度，并且所述实心表层中的一者包含白色颜料，其中所述白色表层具有根据ASTM E313-73大于80的表层白度值和根据ASTM E313-73小于1的表层色调值，以及根据ASTM E308在CIE L*a*b*维度中的大于90的所述白色表层的明度值(L*)。
2.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中所述白色实心表层中的所述白色颜料为TiO2、金红石TiO2、锐钛矿TiO2、氧化锑、氧化锌、碱氏碳酸盐、铅白、锌钡白、黏土、硅酸镁、重晶石(BaSO4)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)或白色液体色料。
3.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中所述白色表层包含小于5重量百分比的白色颜料。
4.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中所述实心表层中的在所述白色实心表层的相应相对侧上的一者为黑色的。
5.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中所述实心黑色表层以小于1重量百分比的浓度包含炭黑。
6.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，所述膜的体密度值小于0.962克/cm3。
7.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中所述泡沫层包含密度为0.94克/cm3至0.962克/cm3的HDPE。
8.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中至少一个层包含密度为0.94克/cm3至0.962克/cm3的HDPE。
9.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中至少一个层包含一些适量的其他添加剂以涵盖颜料、增滑剂、抗静电剂、UV稳定剂、抗氧化剂、碳酸钙或滑石。
10.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中所述膜包括三个、五个、七个、八个或九个层，并且通过使用环形挤出模头和1.5:1至3.5:1的吹胀比的吹塑薄膜工艺来生产。
11.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中使用成核剂以生产平均孔尺寸为10μm至100μm的发泡层。
12.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中所述泡沫层中的孔密度为102个孔/cm3至109个孔/cm3，以及膜密度为0.1g/cm3至0.9g/cm3。
13.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中所述泡沫层包含多于50％的闭孔。
14.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中所述泡沫层以0.05重量百分比至15重量百分比的含量包含无机添加剂、有机添加剂、或者无机添加剂和有机添加剂的混合物作为成核剂。
15.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中至少一个层包含熔融指数为0.02dg/分钟至20dg/分钟的HDPE。
16.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中不包括两个外表层的层中的至少一者包含LDPE、LLDPE、PP、PA、EVOH、EVA、PVOH。
17.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中不包括所述实心表层的至少一个层包含高至100％的消费后再次粉碎物料。
18.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜，其中不包括两个外实心表层的至少一个层包含一些适量的黏土或纳米黏土。
19.一种共挤出的和/或层合的多层膜，包括根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜。
20.一种包括根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜的制品。
21.根据任一前述权利要求所述的膜或制品，其中所述膜用于选自以下的大范围的应用的包装用途中，例如：
快速食品包装；干燥食品产品的包装，所述干燥食品产品例如饼干、小甜饼、麦片类、茶、咖啡、糖、面粉、干燥食品混合物、巧克力、糖类糖食、宠物食品；冷冻食品的包装，所述冷冻食品例如冷藏食品和冰淇凌；用于新鲜产品的背衬板，所述新鲜产品例如蔬菜、水果、肉、培根和鱼；烘焙食品的包装；液体食品和饮料的包装，所述液体食品和饮料例如果汁饮料、牛奶和来源于牛奶的所有种类的产品；以及所有种类的衣物洗涤剂、洗发剂和身体洗涤剂的包装；制造所有种类的袋，所述所有种类的袋涵盖自立袋、小袋、宠物食品盒和食品盒；所有种类的无菌包装以涵盖巴氏杀菌产品；婴儿食品的包装；所有种类的甜点的包装；液体食品和饮料的包装，所述液体食品和饮料例如肉汤、汤、果汁饮料、牛奶和来源于牛奶的所有种类的产品、浓缩物、所有种类的调味品、液蛋以及番茄产品；表面保护应用以及光阻挡和标识应用。
22.一种制造根据权利要求1所述的膜的方法，其中在所述方法期间在大于240巴的注射压力下以小于0.065重量百分比的浓度将超临界发泡剂引入到挤出机的混合段内部的熔融树脂中。
23.根据权利要求22所述的方法，还包括通过将所述膜吹塑和/或将所述膜流延和/或将所述膜通过平板模头挤出来对所述膜进行加工。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，其中所使用的所述超临界发泡剂为氮气、二氧化碳、或者氮气和二氧化碳的混合物。
25.根据权利要求24所述的方法，其中所述超临界发泡剂在大于380巴的所述注射压力下被引入到所述挤出机的所述混合段内部。
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