CN114772882A - Device and method for preparing charcoal by virtue of two-stage fluidized bed pyrolysis of sewage sludge - Google Patents

Device and method for preparing charcoal by virtue of two-stage fluidized bed pyrolysis of sewage sludge Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114772882A
CN114772882A CN202210419964.4A CN202210419964A CN114772882A CN 114772882 A CN114772882 A CN 114772882A CN 202210419964 A CN202210419964 A CN 202210419964A CN 114772882 A CN114772882 A CN 114772882A
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pyrolysis
drying
combustion
fluidized bed
sludge
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CN114772882B (en
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金保昇
周阳
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/10—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by pyrolysis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/121—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering
    • C02F11/122—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by mechanical de-watering using filter presses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
    • C02F11/12—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening
    • C02F11/13—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor by de-watering, drying or thickening by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/08—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form
    • C10B49/10—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated in dispersed form according to the "fluidised bed" technique
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/26—Reducing the size of particles, liquid droplets or bubbles, e.g. by crushing, grinding, spraying, creation of microbubbles or nanobubbles

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing charcoal by pyrolyzing a sewage sludge two-section fluidized bed, wherein the device comprises a drying and crushing module for crushing, drying and conveying the sludge; the pyrolysis and combustion module is used for preparing carbon by pyrolyzing sludge and combusting oil gas; a flue gas purification and circulation module for combustion flue gas purification, bed material circulation support and sludge drying; the drying and crushing module comprises a feeding port, a discharging port, a rolling device, a filtering device and a drying device; the pyrolysis and combustion module comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and a fluidized bed combustion furnace; the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace comprises a high-temperature bed material inlet, a fluidized air port, a pyrolysis carbon outlet, a feed port and a pyrolysis gas outlet; the fluidized bed combustion furnace comprises a combustion air inlet, a high-temperature bed material collecting device and a high-temperature bed material feeding valve. The invention adopts pyrolysis oil gas to burn flue gas fluidized bed materials, provides heat for pyrolysis, simultaneously dries sludge raw materials, improves energy utilization efficiency, and achieves the purposes of sludge reclamation and reduction treatment.

Description

Device and method for preparing charcoal by virtue of two-stage fluidized bed pyrolysis of sewage sludge
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage and sludge treatment, in particular to a two-section fluidized bed pyrolysis carbon preparation system.
Background
The sewage sludge is a derivative generated in the urban sewage treatment process, along with the increase of population and the improvement of life quality, the domestic water consumption is continuously increased, and the yield of the urban sewage sludge is increased. Generally, a sewage treatment plant will produce about 5-8 tons of sewage sludge per 1 million tons of domestic sewage treated. Sewage sludge mainly contains a large amount of water, organic matters and trace elements (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like), and meanwhile, the content of heavy metals is high, so that serious environmental problems are caused if the sewage sludge is not properly treated.
At present, the sludge treatment and disposal methods mainly comprise four types, namely emergency landfill, incineration pyrolysis, building material utilization and land composting. The sludge pyrolysis is a promising heat treatment technology, can achieve the purpose of volume reduction, and can utilize the energy in the sludge and solidify heavy metals. The pyrolysis product contains tar, coke and a small amount of synthesis gas, so that the energy utilization rate of the sludge can be greatly improved, the treatment cost is reduced, and the treatment benefit is improved.
However, the water content of sewage sludge is high, generally reaching more than 80%, and direct pyrolysis water evaporation consumes a large amount of heat, resulting in poor pyrolysis economy; the pyrolysis of the sludge is a heat absorption process, an external heat source is generally needed, and more extra energy consumption is increased; the biological oil and the synthetic gas in the sludge pyrolysis product have more combustible components, such as small molecule gases including methane, carbon monoxide and the like, and macromolecular condensable substances including aliphatic hydrocarbon, alcohol and the like, and if the biological oil and the synthetic gas are discarded, a large amount of resources are wasted; however, in the sewage treatment process, 30-50% of pollutants are transferred to the sludge, so that the sludge is rich in substances such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and the like, and the substances are transferred to the bio-oil and the synthesis gas after pyrolysis treatment, and secondary pollution is caused if the substances are not properly treated.
Therefore, the pyrolysis device capable of fully utilizing the self energy is designed, the external energy consumption is reduced as far as possible, the low energy consumption, volume reduction and resource utilization of the sludge are realized, the pyrolysis benefit of the sludge is improved, and the practical engineering application value is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the invention aims to provide a device and a method for preparing carbon by two-stage fluidized bed pyrolysis of sewage sludge, which have the advantages of compact structure, low energy consumption, low pollution and high yield.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the utility model provides a device of two segmentation fluidized bed pyrolysis system charcoals of sewage sludge which characterized in that: comprises a drying and crushing module used for crushing, drying and conveying the sludge; the pyrolysis and combustion module is used for preparing carbon by pyrolyzing sludge and combusting oil gas; a flue gas purification and circulation module for combustion flue gas purification, bed material circulation support and sludge drying;
the drying and crushing module comprises a feeding port, a discharging port, a rolling device, a filtering device and a drying device, wherein the rolling device, the filtering device and the drying device are arranged between the feeding port and the discharging port;
the pyrolysis and combustion module comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and a fluidized bed combustion furnace; the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace comprises a high-temperature bed material inlet, a fluidized air port, a pyrolysis carbon outlet, a feeding port and a pyrolysis gas outlet; the fluidized bed combustion furnace comprises a combustion air inlet, a high-temperature bed material collecting device and a high-temperature bed material feeding valve; the high-temperature bed material feeding port is connected with a high-temperature bed material feeding valve, the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the combustion furnace, and the feeding port is connected with the discharge port of the drying and crushing module;
the flue gas purification and circulation module comprises a dust remover, an activated carbon adsorber and a circulating fan; and a fluidized air port of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is connected with a circulating fan in the flue gas purification and circulation module.
The invention adopts pyrolysis oil gas to burn flue gas fluidized bed materials, provides heat for pyrolysis and simultaneously dries sludge raw materials.
The drying and crushing module comprises a feeding port, a first-stage roller, a second-stage roller, a double-layer inclined filter plate, a filter screen, a drying air pipe and a drain pipe; the pyrolysis and combustion module comprises a feed port, a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, a fluidized bed combustion furnace, a high-temperature bed material feeding valve and a fluidized air port; the flue gas purification and circulation module comprises a dust remover, an activated carbon adsorber and a circulating fan.
The motor drives the first-stage grinding roller to crush the raw materials preliminarily; the filter plates are obliquely arranged, and the inclination angle is 30 degrees, so that the materials can roll down naturally; the aperture of the upper filtering plate is 1mm, and the aperture of the lower filtering plate is 0.5mm, so that the water can be conveniently removed by extrusion; a second-stage roller is arranged on the double-layer inclined filter plate, is connected with a motor through a shaft and is provided with a drying air pipe outlet, and the materials are dried by high-temperature flue gas to further remove moisture; the side of the filter plate close to the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a discharge hole and is connected with the pyrolysis furnace; the module bottom slope design is equipped with the filter screen, prevents that the material from revealing through the drain pipe.
The combustion furnace is provided with a high-temperature bed material collecting device, the heat of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace comes from the high-temperature bed materials through the control of the feeding valve, and the temperature of the pyrolysis furnace is controlled by the feeding valve to ensure that the pyrolysis temperature is optimal.
The pyrolysis furnace and the combustion furnace are two-section type circulating fluidized bed, and are used for ensuring the reducing atmosphere and low temperature of the pyrolysis furnace, the oxidizing atmosphere and high temperature of the combustion furnace, and improving the carbon yield.
Flue gas purification and circulation module, its characterized in that activated carbon absorber export is connected with dry tuber pipe and fluidization tuber pipe, purifies high temperature flue gas and divide into two strands, and one guarantees the pyrolysis oven reducing atmosphere and provides partial pyrolysis heat as fluidization wind, and another strand is used for the drying of material as drying wind.
The invention relates to a method for preparing charcoal by two-section fluidized bed pyrolysis of sewage sludge, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the sludge material is fed into a drying and crushing module through a feeding port for drying, crushing and conveying, and a drying heat source is provided by purified flue gas behind a combustion furnace;
(2) feeding the dried material into a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, wherein fluidized air is high-temperature purified flue gas, pyrolysis gas and bed material are fed into the fluidized bed combustion furnace, and the pyrolysis gas and air fed from a combustion air port are mixed and combusted and heat the bed material;
(3) the high-temperature bed material passes through the collecting device, the feeding valve controls the feeding speed of the high-temperature bed material into the pyrolysis furnace, and the heat source of the pyrolysis furnace is provided by the high-temperature bed material;
(4) the high-temperature flue gas of the combustion furnace is divided into two parts by a dust remover and an active carbon absorber, and the two parts are respectively sent into the pyrolysis furnace as fluidized air and a drying device to dry materials and then discharged through a drain pipe.
Has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) the invention adopts a two-section fluidized bed reactor, separates pyrolysis from combustion, ensures the reductive atmosphere of a pyrolysis zone, improves the carbon yield, ensures the oxidizing atmosphere of a combustion zone to be completely combusted, improves the combustion heat, and separates the two parts to improve the pyrolysis yield, wherein the two parts have different working conditions;
(2) according to the invention, drying and crushing links are integrated, the two-stage grinding roller and the double-layer filter plate are utilized to realize graded removal of moisture, high-temperature flue gas is used as drying air to further remove moisture, the pyrolysis energy consumption is reduced, and the energy utilization rate is improved;
(3) the invention can utilize the sludge energy in multiple stages and improve the energy utilization rate. The pyrolysis oil gas is combusted to generate high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature bed materials, the flue gas is used as drying air and fluidizing air, the high-temperature bed materials enter circulation to provide pyrolysis heat, and the overall energy loss of the device is less.
(4) Meanwhile, the invention can convert sewage sludge into coke with high added value, and the product has great prospect, such as preparing adsorption carbon by pore-forming, preparing active carbon by activation and the like, thereby not only improving the pyrolysis yield, but also solving the environmental problem caused by sludge.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the device for preparing charcoal by pyrolysis of the sewage sludge two-section fluidized bed comprises:
the drying and crushing module is used for crushing, drying and conveying sludge, and sludge particles dried by the drying and crushing module are conveyed to the pyrolysis and combustion module for pyrolysis; the drying and crushing module comprises a feeding port 1, a first-stage roller 2, a second-stage roller 4, a double-layer inclined filter plate 3, a filter screen 5, a drying air pipe 16 and a drain pipe 17; sludge raw materials with high water content are fed into the system through a feeding port 1, a first-stage roller 2 consists of two rollers, the two rollers are driven by a motor, a left-side roller rotates clockwise, a right-side roller rotates anticlockwise, a certain gap exists between the two rollers, the sludge raw materials fall into the gap between the rollers, are extruded by the rollers to be primarily dewatered and then fall into a filter plate 3; the double-layer inclined filter plates 3 are obliquely arranged at an inclination angle of 30 degrees, and the sludge raw materials naturally roll to the second-stage grinding roller 4 which rotates anticlockwise to be further extruded and dehydrated; a drying air pipe outlet 16 is arranged behind the second-stage roller, and the materials are dried by using high-temperature flue gas to further remove moisture; the side of the filter plate close to the pyrolysis furnace is provided with a discharge hole and is connected with the pyrolysis furnace; the aperture of the upper filtering plate is 1mm, the aperture of the lower filtering plate is 0.5mm, the bottom of the module is obliquely designed and provided with a filter screen 5, and materials are prevented from leaking through a drain pipe;
the device for preparing the charcoal by the two-section fluidized bed pyrolysis of the sewage sludge also comprises a pyrolysis and combustion module which is mainly used for producing the charcoal; the pyrolysis and combustion module comprises a feed inlet 18, a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace 7, a fluidized bed combustion furnace 8, a high-temperature bed material feeding valve 12 and a fluidized air port 6, and is further divided into a pyrolysis and combustion submodule; the pyrolysis submodule comprises a high-temperature bed material inlet, a fluidized air port 6, a pyrolytic carbon outlet 15, a feeding port 18 and a pyrolysis gas outlet, and the combustion submodule comprises a combustion air inlet 11, a high-temperature bed material collecting device 19 and a high-temperature bed material feeding valve 12; the dried sludge raw material enters a pyrolysis submodule through a feeding hole 18, and is fully mixed with high-temperature bed material from a high-temperature bed material feeding valve 12 and high-temperature flue gas from an air fluidizing port at the bottom, and heat is transferred to the sludge raw material from the high-temperature bed material to realize pyrolysis; pyrolysis residual carbon is collected through a pyrolysis carbon outlet 15, and the bed material and pyrolysis gas are conveyed to a combustion furnace 8 through a pipeline under the action of fluidizing air; pyrolysis gas is mixed and combusted with air from a combustion air inlet 11 in a combustion furnace 8, heat is released to heat bed materials, the high-temperature bed materials are collected in a high-temperature bed material collecting device 19 under the action of gravity and fluidized air, and then are controlled by a feeding valve 12 to gradually enter a pyrolysis sub-module, so that circulation is realized;
the device for preparing the carbon by the two-section fluidized bed pyrolysis of the sewage sludge also comprises a flue gas purification and circulation module which is mainly used for flue gas purification and circulation guarantee and mainly comprises a dust remover 13, an activated carbon adsorber 14, a circulating fan 10 and a drying air pipe 9; the high-temperature flue gas from the combustion furnace sequentially passes through a dust remover 13 and an activated carbon adsorber 14, is divided into two parts, namely drying air and fluidizing air, and is respectively sent into a drying crushing module and a pyrolysis submodule through a drying air pipe 9 and a fluidizing air port 6.
The system has the advantages of compact design structure, high energy utilization rate, basically no energy waste except heat dissipation, no exhaust gas emission in the operation process, simple and easy control due to the utilization of a circulating fan and a high-temperature bed material feeding valve in the pyrolysis working condition, high system operation income and low cost.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a device of two segmentation fluidized bed pyrolysis system charcoals of sewage sludge which characterized in that: comprises a drying and crushing module for crushing, drying and conveying the sludge; the pyrolysis and combustion module is used for preparing carbon by pyrolyzing sludge and combusting oil gas; a flue gas purification and circulation module for combustion flue gas purification, bed material circulation support and sludge drying;
the drying and crushing module comprises a feeding port, a discharging port, a rolling device, a filtering device and a drying device, wherein the rolling device, the filtering device and the drying device are arranged between the feeding port and the discharging port;
the pyrolysis and combustion module comprises a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace and a fluidized bed combustion furnace; the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace comprises a high-temperature bed material inlet, a fluidized air port, a pyrolysis carbon outlet, a feeding port and a pyrolysis gas outlet; the fluidized bed combustion furnace comprises a combustion air inlet, a high-temperature bed material collecting device and a high-temperature bed material feeding valve; the high-temperature bed material feeding port is connected with a high-temperature bed material feeding valve, the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the combustion furnace, and the feeding port is connected with the discharge port of the drying and crushing module;
the flue gas purification and circulation module comprises a dust remover, an activated carbon adsorber and a circulating fan; and a fluidized air port of the fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is connected with a circulating fan in the flue gas purification and circulation module.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the rolling device comprises a first-stage rolling rod and a second-stage rolling rod; the first-stage grinding roller is arranged at the lower end of the feeding hole; the second-stage roller is arranged on the filtering device.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the filtering device is a double-layer inclined filtering plate.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the inclination angle of the double-layer inclined filter plate is 30 degrees.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the aperture of the upper layer filter plate of the double-layer inclined filter plate is 1mm, and the aperture of the lower layer filter plate of the double-layer inclined filter plate is 0.5 mm.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the drying and crushing module further comprises a filter screen arranged at the bottom.
7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the outlet of the activated carbon adsorber is connected with the drying air pipe and the fluidization air pipe.
8. A method for producing charcoal by pyrolysis based on the device of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) the sludge material is fed into a drying and crushing module through a feeding port to be dried, crushed and conveyed;
(2) feeding the dried material into a fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, wherein fluidized air is high-temperature purified flue gas, pyrolysis gas and bed material enter the fluidized bed combustion furnace, and the pyrolysis gas and air fed from a combustion air port are mixed and combusted and heat the bed material;
(3) the high-temperature bed material passes through the collecting device, the feeding speed of the high-temperature bed material is controlled by the feeding valve, and the heat source of the pyrolysis furnace is provided by the high-temperature bed material;
(4) the high-temperature flue gas of the combustion furnace is divided into two parts by the dust remover and the activated carbon absorber, and the two parts are respectively sent into the pyrolysis furnace as fluidized air and sent into the drying device for drying the materials, and then discharged by the drain pipe.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the dry heat source is provided by post-furnace cleaning flue gas.
CN202210419964.4A 2022-04-21 2022-04-21 Device and method for preparing carbon by pyrolysis of sewage sludge two-stage fluidized bed Active CN114772882B (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102901102A (en) * 2012-08-08 2013-01-30 东南大学 Comprehensive utilization method of bio-oil prepared by city household garbage and heat energy
CN104211274A (en) * 2014-09-28 2014-12-17 天津清华德人环境工程有限公司 Sludge reduction and recycling treatment device and sludge treatment method
CN111268881A (en) * 2020-03-11 2020-06-12 东南大学 Sludge reduction system charcoal system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102901102A (en) * 2012-08-08 2013-01-30 东南大学 Comprehensive utilization method of bio-oil prepared by city household garbage and heat energy
CN104211274A (en) * 2014-09-28 2014-12-17 天津清华德人环境工程有限公司 Sludge reduction and recycling treatment device and sludge treatment method
CN111268881A (en) * 2020-03-11 2020-06-12 东南大学 Sludge reduction system charcoal system

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