CN105737163B - Household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis system and method based on decoupling combustion - Google Patents
Household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis system and method based on decoupling combustion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a domestic garbage low-temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion. The household garbage is firstly sent into a drying drum to be dried, and then sent into a pyrolysis drum to be pyrolyzed to generate pyrolysis gas and carbon slag, wherein the drying and pyrolysis are divided into a starting stage and a normal operation stage, and in the starting stage, after being mixed, air and gas output by a gas storage are respectively combusted in cavities of the drying drum and the pyrolysis drum through burners of the drying drum and the pyrolysis drum to generate high-temperature flue gas; in the normal operation stage, high-temperature flue gas in the cavity of the pyrolysis drum is sent into the cavity of the drying drum for heat exchange and drying, and the burner of the drying drum becomes an auxiliary heat source; the pyrolysis gas is purified by sequentially passing through a primary scrubbing tower and a secondary scrubbing tower. The invention fully utilizes the waste heat to produce high-temperature steam, and the flue gas is discharged after being cooled and purified, thereby effectively controlling the generation of dioxin and realizing the reclamation, reduction and low-carbon of household garbage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a household garbage harmless treatment and resource recycling technology, and particularly belongs to a household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis system and method based on decoupling combustion.
Background
At present, more than 2 hundred million tons of municipal domestic garbage are generated in China every year, and the annual growth rate of the garbage reaches more than 10 percent. In recent years, although the treatment of municipal domestic waste in China has achieved certain success, the overall capacity is still obviously insufficient, the increase speed of the waste treatment capacity is obviously lagged behind the increase speed of the waste production, a large amount of municipal domestic waste cannot be treated in time and is accumulated in the suburbs to invade large-area land, and part of cities face the threat of 'surrounding cities of waste'.
At present, the municipal solid waste treatment modes widely used in China and even in the world mainly comprise three modes of landfill, incineration and composting, wherein the landfill is the main mode for treating the municipal solid waste in China, and the waste treatment capacity accounts for about 80 percent of the total amount of the waste. However, the landfill treatment mode has the defects of large land resource occupation, leachate pollution, greenhouse effect aggravation by methane gas generated by fermentation and the like. Meanwhile, the waste treated by composting in China is basically mixed waste which is not strictly classified, so that a large amount of toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals are inevitably mixed in the composting process, and the generated greenhouse gases such as methane are inorganically discharged, so that the serious pollution to the surrounding environment is easily caused. Among the three ways, the incineration method is a treatment way with the best reduction effect of the garbage, can reduce the volume of the garbage by 85 percent and reduce the weight by more than 75 percent, but the incineration of the garbage has the hidden trouble of polluting the environment, particularly, dioxin generated by incineration has irreversible triple toxicity and has great harm to the health of human bodies, and the incineration method becomes the most interesting problem at present. In addition to this, there are some limitations to the incineration disposal of waste:
(1) the urban domestic garbage in China is basically mixed and collected, the components are complex, and the minimum heat of the garbage is generally required for incinerationThe value is 3360 kJ/kg-1In the above, when the heat value of the garbage is too low, fuel needs to be added to assist combustion, so that the operation cost is increased, and except for a few economic and developed cities in China, the classified collection of the garbage of other cities is not generally carried out, so that the heat value of the mixed domestic garbage is lower and the mixed domestic garbage is not suitable for incineration;
(2) the investment and the operating cost of incineration treatment equipment are high, and most of the waste incineration power plants built in early China are introduced by foreign technologies and equipment, so the investment cost is high; in recent years, with the introduction of the localization of equipment and the independent innovation of the technology, the localization technology and the equipment are developed and applied, the investment of incineration plant units is reduced, but the investment and the operating cost of incineration treatment are still not good for areas with general economic bearing capacity.
Compared with the incineration method, the prior advanced pyrolysis technology is a decomposition reaction carried out in an oxygen-free or anoxic reductive environment, not only has the same reduction characteristic as the incineration method, but also generates fewer secondary pollution discharge substances, thereby having good application prospect. In addition, pyrolysis technology converts useful substances in the waste into gaseous (gas) or liquid (tar) forms for utilization, respectively, which are more efficient and less polluting than direct combustion of solid waste. At present, a certain amount of research has been made on garbage pyrolysis treatment technology in China, for example, the invention patent with publication number CN103242134A and name "a household garbage pyrolysis gasification purification method" discloses a method for synthesizing chemical raw materials by introducing oxygen at a high temperature of 900 ℃ to perform combustion cracking reaction and comprehensively utilizing combustible gas generated by garbage pyrolysis, so as to realize the recycling of household garbage. For another example, the invention patent with publication number CN 102660306 a and name "countercurrent rotary domestic garbage pyrolysis carbonization furnace system and garbage treatment process" is that the pyrolysis reaction is performed at 400 ℃ under oxygen-free condition, and the pyrolysis gas is used for burning to supplement heat source, so as to reduce and recycle garbage, but the process does not perform drying pretreatment on domestic garbage, but adopts a mode of drying while pyrolyzing, which can increase the energy consumption of the system and reduce the treatment efficiency, and meanwhile, the direct discharge of a large amount of flue gas after temperature reduction treatment can also cause certain influence on the atmospheric environment, especially in the current society suffering from haze, and the subsequent treatment of flue gas cannot be ignored. Therefore, aiming at the problems existing in the prior patent technology and the application thereof, the garbage pyrolysis treatment process is further deeply researched and perfected, the generation of secondary pollution emission substances is reduced, the tail gas treatment difficulty is reduced, and the method has important scientific and social economic significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis system and method based on decoupling combustion, which can reduce the generation of secondary pollution emission substances, reduce the difficulty of tail gas treatment, fully utilize products produced by the system, reduce energy consumption and improve the treatment efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion comprises a pyrolysis section, a gas washing section and a heat recovery section, wherein the pyrolysis section comprises a drying drum and a pyrolysis drum, the gas washing section comprises a primary gas washing tower, a secondary gas washing tower and a sedimentation tank, and the heat recovery section comprises a flue gas waste heat recovery device and a pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device;
the drying drum comprises a drying feeder, a drying drum inner rotary drum, a drying drum outer cylinder and a drying drum combustor; the inlet of the drying feeder is connected with the feeding device through the conveying mechanism, and the outlet of the drying feeder is communicated with the rotary drum in the drying drum; the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum of the drying drum are of a sealing structure, and a cavity is formed between the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum; the rear end of the rotary drum in the drying drum is provided with a water vapor outlet and a mixed garbage outlet, and the water vapor outlet is connected with a sewage treatment device; the outer cylinder of the drying drum is provided with a drying drum gas inlet and a drying drum flue gas outlet which are communicated with the cavity of the drying drum; the drying drum burner is arranged on the outer side wall of the rotary drum in the drying drum;
the pyrolysis drum comprises a pyrolysis feeder, a pyrolysis drum inner rotary drum, a pyrolysis drum outer cylinder, a pyrolysis drum burner and an air-solid separator; the inlet of the pyrolysis feeder is connected with the mixed garbage outlet of the rotary drum in the drying drum through the conveying mechanism, and the outlet of the pyrolysis feeder is communicated with the rotary drum in the pyrolysis drum; the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum of the pyrolysis drum are of a sealing structure, and a cavity is formed between the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum; the outer pyrolysis drum barrel is provided with a pyrolysis drum gas inlet and a pyrolysis drum flue gas outlet which are communicated with the pyrolysis drum cavity, the pyrolysis drum flue gas outlet is communicated with the drying drum gas inlet, and the pyrolysis drum gas inlet is used for air and fuel gas in a fuel gas storage device to enter; the pyrolysis drum burner is arranged on the outer side wall of the inner rotary drum of the pyrolysis drum, the gas-solid separator is communicated with the rear end of the inner rotary drum of the pyrolysis drum and is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet and a carbon slag outlet, and the carbon slag outlet is connected with a carbon slag collecting device;
the first-stage gas washing tower and the second-stage gas washing tower are respectively provided with a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid storage tank, the gas inlet of the first-stage gas washing tower is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet of the gas-solid separator, the gas inlet of the second-stage gas washing tower is communicated with the gas outlet of the first-stage gas washing tower, the gas outlet of the second-stage gas washing tower is communicated with the fuel gas storage tank, and liquid in the liquid storage tanks of the first-stage gas washing tower and the second-stage gas washing tower enters the settling tank for settling;
the flue gas waste heat recovery device is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a flue gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet and a flue gas waste heat recovery high-temperature medium outlet, the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device comprises a circulating water inlet, the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the flue gas waste heat recovery device is communicated with a flue gas outlet on the outer cylinder of the drying drum, the low-temperature flue gas outlet is communicated with the atmosphere, the circulating water inlet of the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device is communicated with a water outlet of the secondary gas washing tower, the circulating water outlet is communicated with a gas inlet of the secondary gas washing tower, the flue gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet and the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet are both communicated with a lower water outlet of a high-temperature steam storage device, and the flue gas waste heat recovery high-temperature medium outlet and the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery high-temperature medium outlet are both communicated with a steam inlet of the high-temperature steam storage device.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the outer cylinder of the drying drum and the outer surface of the outer cylinder of the pyrolysis drum are both covered with an aluminum silicate heat-insulating layer or a rock wool heat-insulating layer of 80-120 mm.
Furthermore, the pyrolysis section also comprises an extrusion dehydration device arranged between the feeding device and the drying drum. Preferably, the extrusion dehydration device comprises a crusher and an extruder, wherein an inlet of the crusher is connected with the feeding device through a conveying mechanism, an outlet of the crusher is connected with an inlet of the extruder through the conveying mechanism, and an outlet of the extruder is connected with an inlet of the drying feeder through the conveying mechanism.
Wherein, dry feeder and pyrolysis feeder are screw feeder.
Further, the pyrolysis drum burners are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the inner rotary drum of the pyrolysis drum positioned in the outer rotary drum of the pyrolysis drum.
Furthermore, the gas washing section also comprises a cyclone dust removal device positioned in front of the first-stage gas washing tower, an inlet of the cyclone dust removal device is communicated with a pyrolysis gas outlet of the gas-solid separator in the pyrolysis section, and an outlet of the cyclone dust removal device is communicated with a gas inlet of the first-stage gas washing tower.
Wherein, the first-stage gas washing tower adopts an emergency cooling type, and a power wave scrubber is arranged in the second-stage gas washing tower.
The flue gas waste heat recovery device and the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device are both heat pipe type heat exchangers.
Furthermore, the inner wall of the outer cylinder of the drying drum is provided with a thread structure for guiding smoke.
The invention also provides a domestic garbage low-temperature pyrolysis method based on decoupling combustion, which comprises the following steps:
1) the household garbage is sent into an inner rotary drum of a drying drum for drying treatment, most of moisture of the household garbage is discharged to a sewage treatment device, wherein the drying temperature is controlled to be 120-200 ℃, the drying time is controlled to be 0.5-1 h, and the rotating speed of the inner rotary drum is controlled to be 4-8 rpm;
feeding the dried household garbage into an inner rotary drum of a pyrolysis drum for pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas and carbon slag, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is controlled to be 400-600 ℃, the pyrolysis time is controlled to be 0.5-1 h, and the rotating speed of the inner rotary drum is controlled to be 4-8 rpm;
the drying treatment and the pyrolysis treatment of the household garbage are divided into a starting stage and a normal operation stage;
in the starting stage, after mixing the air and the fuel gas output by the fuel gas storage, the air and the fuel gas are respectively combusted in the cavity of the drying drum and the cavity of the pyrolysis drum through the burner of the drying drum and the burner of the pyrolysis drum to generate high-temperature flue gas;
after the start-up stage finishes entering a normal operation stage, high-temperature flue gas in the cavity of the pyrolysis drum is conveyed into the cavity of the drying drum to carry out heat exchange and drying on the household garbage in the rotary drum in the drying drum, the burner of the drying drum is switched to be an auxiliary heat source, air and fuel gas output by the fuel gas storage are mixed and then continuously combusted in the cavity of the pyrolysis drum through the burner of the pyrolysis drum to supply heat to generate high-temperature flue gas, the flue gas subjected to heat exchange in the cavity of the drying drum and water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage enter a flue gas waste heat recovery device to carry out heat exchange, the water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage absorbs the heat of the flue;
2) feeding pyrolysis gas into a gas washing section, purifying the pyrolysis gas by sequentially passing through a first-stage gas washing tower and a second-stage gas washing tower, and feeding the washed pyrolysis gas into a gas storage;
the high-temperature circulating water of the secondary gas washing tower and the water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage enter the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device for heat exchange, the water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage absorbs the heat of the high-temperature circulating water of the secondary gas washing tower to form high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters the high-temperature steam storage, and the high-temperature circulating water of the secondary gas washing tower releases waste heat and circulates back to the secondary gas washing tower.
Preferably, the household garbage is mechanically cut in a crusher before entering the drying drum, and then is dehydrated in an extruder.
Preferably, the pyrolysis gas is dedusted in a cyclone dedusting device before entering the first-stage scrubber.
The first-stage gas washing tower sprays alkaline cold water to the pyrolysis gas, and the second-stage gas washing tower washes the pyrolysis gas output by the first-stage gas washing tower through dynamic waves.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) the household garbage is not required to be specially sorted by adopting a low-temperature pyrolysis technology, the household garbage is dried and pretreated by utilizing system waste heat and then enters the pyrolysis drum, so that the pyrolysis treatment capacity is increased by 50%, and meanwhile, heat insulation materials are adopted outside the drying drum and the pyrolysis drum, so that the heat loss is effectively reduced, the energy consumption is saved, and the heat loss is controlled within 30%;
2) clean pyrolysis gas provides combustion media for a drying drum burner and a pyrolysis drum burner in a starting stage and a pyrolysis drum burner in a normal operation stage in an internal circulation recycling and combustion mode, and a plurality of burners are arranged outside a rotary drum in the pyrolysis drum, so that the rotary drum in the pyrolysis drum is uniformly heated and fully pyrolyzed;
3) the gas washing section adopts a step purification process, sequentially passes through two stages of gas washing towers, adopts alkaline liquid spray and a dynamic wave washer to remove tar and dust in the pyrolysis gas, simultaneously, the flue gas is discharged after temperature reduction and purification treatment to remove chloride causing dioxin, finally, the content of the tar is lower than 1.2 percent, PM reaches the standard and is discharged, and the pyrolysis gas (fuel gas) is stored after waste heat recovery; the whole system fully recovers the waste heat, and finally produces two products of clean gas and high-temperature steam, the produced clean gas completely meets the requirement of garbage pyrolysis, and the surplus part is produced as a product.
Drawings
The attached drawing is a schematic diagram of the system principle of the invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
1 is an extrusion dehydration device; 1-1 is a crusher; 1-2 is an extruder; 2 is a drying drum; 2-1 is a rotary drum in the drying drum; 2-2 is the outer cylinder of the drying drum; 2-3 is a drying drum burner; 2-4 is a spiral feeder; 3 is a pyrolysis drum; 3-1 is a pyrolysis drum inner rotating cylinder; 3-2 is a pyrolysis drum outer cylinder; 3-3 is a pyrolysis drum burner; 3-4 is a gas-solid separator; 3-5 are screw feeders; 4 is a cyclone dust removal device; 5 is a gas washing section; 5-1 is a first-stage gas washing tower; 5-2 is a secondary scrubber; 6 is a sedimentation tank; 7 is a pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device; 8 is a flue gas waste heat exchanger; 9 is a gas storage; 10 is a high-temperature steam storage; 11 is a fan; 12 is a sewage treatment device; 13 is a carbon residue collecting device; a is air; f is high-temperature flue gas; w is clear water; s is a high-temperature steam product; g is a gas product.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion, which comprises a pyrolysis section, a gas washing section and a heat recovery section, wherein the pyrolysis section comprises a drying drum 2 and a pyrolysis drum 3, the gas washing section 5 comprises a primary gas washing tower 5-1, a secondary gas washing tower 5-2 and a sedimentation tank 6, and the heat recovery section comprises a flue gas waste heat recovery device and a pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device; wherein:
the drying drum 2 comprises a drying feeder, a drying drum inner rotary drum 2-1, a drying drum outer cylinder 2-2 and a drying drum combustor 2-3; the inlet of the drying feeder is connected with the feeding device through a conveying mechanism (such as a conveying belt, the same below), and the outlet of the drying feeder is communicated with the inner rotary drum 2-1 of the drying drum; the inner rotary drum 2-1 and the outer rotary drum 2-2 of the drying drum are in a sealing structure, and a cavity is formed between the two; the rear end of the rotary drum 2-1 in the drying drum is provided with a water vapor outlet and a mixed garbage outlet, and the water vapor outlet is connected with a sewage treatment device 12; a drying drum gas inlet and a drying drum flue gas outlet which are communicated with the drying drum cavity are arranged on the drying drum outer cylinder 2-2; the drying drum burner 2-3 is arranged on the outer side wall of the rotary drum 2-1 in the drying drum;
the pyrolysis drum 3 comprises a pyrolysis feeder, a pyrolysis drum inner rotary drum 3-1, a pyrolysis drum outer cylinder 3-2, a pyrolysis drum combustor 3-3 and a gas-solid separator 3-4; the inlet of the pyrolysis feeder is connected with the mixed garbage outlet of the rotary drum 2-1 in the drying drum through the conveying mechanism, and the outlet of the pyrolysis feeder is communicated with the rotary drum 3-1 in the pyrolysis drum; the inner rotary drum 3-1 and the outer rotary drum 3-2 of the pyrolysis drum are of a sealing structure, and a cavity is formed between the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum; a pyrolysis drum gas inlet and a pyrolysis drum flue gas outlet which are communicated with the cavity of the pyrolysis drum are arranged on the outer pyrolysis drum barrel 3-2, the pyrolysis drum flue gas outlet is communicated with a drying drum gas inlet on the outer drying drum barrel 2-2, and air and fuel gas in a fuel gas storage 9 enter the pyrolysis drum gas inlet; the pyrolysis drum burner 3-3 is arranged on the outer side wall of the inner rotary drum 3-1 of the pyrolysis drum, the gas-solid separator 3-4 is communicated with the rear end of the inner rotary drum 3-1 of the pyrolysis drum and is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet and a carbon slag outlet, and the carbon slag outlet is connected with a carbon slag collecting device 13;
the first-stage gas washing tower 5-1 and the second-stage gas washing tower 5-2 are respectively provided with a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid storage tank, the gas inlet of the first-stage gas washing tower 5-1 is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet of the gas-solid separator 3-4, the gas inlet of the second-stage gas washing tower 5-2 is communicated with the gas outlet of the first-stage gas washing tower 5-1, the gas outlet of the second-stage gas washing tower 5-2 is communicated with the fuel gas storage device 9, and liquid in the liquid storage tanks of the first-stage gas washing tower 5-1 and the second-stage gas washing tower 5-2 enters the sedimentation tank 6 for sedimentation;
the flue gas waste heat recovery device is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a flue gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet and a flue gas waste heat recovery high-temperature medium outlet, the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device comprises a circulating water inlet, a circulating water outlet, a pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet and a pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery high-temperature medium outlet, the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the flue gas waste heat recovery device is communicated with the flue gas outlet on the outer cylinder 2-2 of the drying drum, the low-temperature flue gas outlet is communicated with the atmosphere, the circulating water inlet of the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device is communicated with the water outlet of the secondary scrubber 5-2, the circulating water outlet is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary scrubber 5-2, the flue gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet and the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet are both communicated with the lower water outlet of a The steam inlet is communicated.
Two ends of the inner rotary drum 2-1 of the drying drum extend out of the outer drum 2-2 of the drying drum, and two ends of the inner rotary drum 3-1 of the pyrolysis drum also extend out of the outer drum 3-2 of the pyrolysis drum. In order to heat the inner drum 3-1 uniformly to achieve sufficient pyrolysis, the pyrolysis drum burners 3-3 are uniformly distributed on the outer side wall of the inner drum 3-1 located inside the outer drum 3-2 of the pyrolysis drum.
In addition, in order to effectively reduce the heat loss of the drying drum 2 and the pyrolysis drum 3, the outer surface of the outer cylinder 2-2 of the drying drum and the outer surface of the outer cylinder 3-2 of the pyrolysis drum are covered with an aluminum silicate heat insulation layer or a rock wool heat insulation layer of 80-120 mm.
Preferably, the pyrolysis section further comprises an extrusion dehydration device 1 arranged between the feeding device and the drying drum 2, the extrusion dehydration device 1 comprises a crusher 1-1 and an extruder 1-2, an inlet of the crusher 1-1 is connected with the feeding device (such as a grab bucket and a loading hopper) through a conveying mechanism, an outlet of the crusher 1-1 is connected with an inlet of the extruder 1-2 through the conveying mechanism, and an outlet of the extruder 1-2 is connected with an inlet of the drying feeder through the conveying mechanism.
In the structure, the drying feeder and the pyrolysis feeder are both spiral feeders 2-4 and 3-5, and can push the household garbage into the drying drum inner rotary drum 2-1 and the pyrolysis drum inner rotary drum 3-1.
More preferably, the scrubbing section further comprises a cyclone dust removal device 4 positioned in front of the first-stage scrubbing tower 5-1, the cyclone dust removal device 4 can adopt a multi-stage dust removal mode, an inlet of the cyclone dust removal device is communicated with a pyrolysis gas outlet of the gas-solid separator 3-4 in the pyrolysis section, and an outlet of the cyclone dust removal device is communicated with a gas inlet of the first-stage scrubbing tower 5-1.
In the system, a primary scrubber tower 5-1 adopts a quenching type of alkaline cold water spraying, and a power wave scrubber is arranged in a secondary scrubber tower 5-2. The flue gas waste heat recovery device and the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device are respectively a heat pipe type pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device 7 and a heat pipe type flue gas waste heat exchanger 8.
In addition, the inner wall of the outer cylinder 2-2 of the drying drum is provided with a thread structure which can guide the high-temperature flue gas in the cavity of the drying drum to run.
The household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis method based on decoupling combustion by utilizing the system comprises the following steps:
1) the household garbage is sent into a rotary drum 2-1 in a drying drum for drying treatment, most of moisture of the household garbage is discharged to a sewage treatment device 12, wherein the drying temperature is controlled to be 120-200 ℃, the drying time is controlled to be 0.5-1 h, and the rotating speed of an inner rotary drum is controlled to be 4-8 rpm;
feeding the dried household garbage into a rotary drum 3-1 in a pyrolysis drum for pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas and carbon slag, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is controlled to be 400-600 ℃, the pyrolysis time is controlled to be 0.5-1 h, and the rotating speed of an inner rotary drum is controlled to be 4-8 rpm;
the drying treatment and the pyrolysis treatment of the household garbage are divided into a starting stage and a normal operation stage;
in the starting stage, air A conveyed by a fan 11 is mixed with fuel gas G output by a fuel gas storage 9 and then is respectively combusted in a drying drum cavity and a pyrolysis drum cavity through a drying drum combustor 2-3 and a pyrolysis drum combustor 3-3 to generate high-temperature flue gas;
after the start-up stage is finished and the normal operation stage is entered, the high-temperature flue gas F in the cavity of the pyrolysis drum is conveyed into the cavity of the drying drum to carry out heat exchange and drying on the household garbage in the rotary drum 2-1 in the drying drum, the burner 2-3 of the drying drum is switched into an auxiliary heat source, the air A conveyed by the fan 11 is mixed with the fuel gas G output by the fuel gas storage 9 and then continuously combusted and heated in the cavity of the pyrolysis drum through the burner 3-3 of the pyrolysis drum to generate the high-temperature flue gas F, the flue gas (the temperature is reduced to 180-200 ℃) after heat exchange in the cavity of the drying drum and the water (the temperature is about 80 ℃) flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage 10 enter the flue gas waste heat recovery device 8 for heat exchange, the water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage 10 absorbs the heat of the flue gas to form high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters the high-temperature steam storage 10, and the temperature is reduced to 105 ℃ after the flue gas waste heat is absorbed, so that the high-temperature steam can;
2) feeding pyrolysis gas into a gas washing section 5, purifying the pyrolysis gas sequentially through a first-stage gas washing tower 5-1 and a second-stage gas washing tower 5-2, and feeding the washed pyrolysis gas into a gas storage 9;
the high-temperature circulating water of the secondary gas washing tower 5-2 and the water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage 10 enter a pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device for heat exchange, the water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage 10 absorbs the heat of the high-temperature circulating water of the secondary gas washing tower 5-2 to form high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters the high-temperature steam storage 10, and the high-temperature circulating water of the secondary gas washing tower 5-2 releases waste heat and circulates to the secondary gas washing tower 5-2;
the high-temperature steam S in the high-temperature steam storage 10 and the surplus fuel gas G in the fuel gas storage 9 are finally output as products.
Preferably, before the household garbage enters the drying drum 2, the household garbage is grabbed in batches by the grab bucket and sent into the crusher 1-1, the household garbage fragments subjected to full mechanical cutting enter the extruder 1-2 through the conveyor belt for dehydration, the water content of the garbage subjected to extrusion dehydration can be reduced to 50%, and after the household garbage passes through the drying drum 2, the water content of the discharged mixed garbage is further reduced to 40%.
In the water washing section 5, clear water W is sent to a first-stage gas washing tower 5-1 and a second-stage gas washing tower 5-2, in the first-stage gas washing tower 5-1, pyrolysis gas is sprayed by alkaline cold water, the temperature of the gas is rapidly reduced, tar in the gas is condensed, the tar condensed into small liquid drops and dust in the gas are stripped by alkaline water together, and the tar and the dust fall into a liquid storage tank of the first-stage gas washing tower 5-1. The secondary gas washing tower 5-2 is internally provided with a dynamic wave washer, liquid (comprising clear water and water which flows back to the secondary gas washing tower 5-2 after being subjected to heat exchange by the pyrolysis gas waste heat exchanger 7) is reversely sprayed into the washing cylinder, gas discharged from the primary gas washing tower 5-1 collides with the liquid to form a gas-liquid tight contact and stable standing wave on the contact surface, and the gas is contacted with a large amount of liquid updated at a very high speed in a standing wave area, so that residual tar and dust in the pyrolysis gas can be powerfully and effectively removed. The liquid in the liquid storage tank of the two-stage gas washing tower is pumped into a sedimentation tank 6 through a circulating pump to be precipitated, the light oil at the uppermost layer is directly separated and stored, the sewage at the middle layer is sent to a water treatment system, and the heavy oil and the ash at the bottom layer are discharged.
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, which are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art by means of any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc., without making any creative effort without departing from the principle of the present invention, should be considered as being within the technical scope protected by the present invention.
Claims (14)
1. A household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion comprises a pyrolysis section and a heat recovery section, wherein the pyrolysis section comprises a drying drum and a pyrolysis drum, the heat recovery section comprises a flue gas waste heat recovery device, and the household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis system is characterized by further comprising a gas washing section, the gas washing section comprises a primary gas washing tower, a secondary gas washing tower and a sedimentation tank, and the heat recovery section further comprises a pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device;
the drying drum comprises a drying feeder, a drying drum inner rotary drum, a drying drum outer cylinder and a drying drum combustor; the inlet of the drying feeder is connected with the feeding device through the conveying mechanism, and the outlet of the drying feeder is communicated with the rotary drum in the drying drum; the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum of the drying drum are of a sealing structure, and a cavity is formed between the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum; the rear end of the rotary drum in the drying drum is provided with a water vapor outlet and a mixed garbage outlet, and the water vapor outlet is connected with a sewage treatment device; the outer cylinder of the drying drum is provided with a drying drum gas inlet and a drying drum flue gas outlet which are communicated with the cavity of the drying drum; the drying drum burner is arranged on the outer side wall of the rotary drum in the drying drum;
the pyrolysis drum comprises a pyrolysis feeder, a pyrolysis drum inner rotary drum, a pyrolysis drum outer cylinder, a pyrolysis drum burner and an air-solid separator; the inlet of the pyrolysis feeder is connected with the mixed garbage outlet of the rotary drum in the drying drum through the conveying mechanism, and the outlet of the pyrolysis feeder is communicated with the rotary drum in the pyrolysis drum; the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum of the pyrolysis drum are of a sealing structure, and a cavity is formed between the inner rotary drum and the outer rotary drum; the outer pyrolysis drum barrel is provided with a pyrolysis drum gas inlet and a pyrolysis drum flue gas outlet which are communicated with the pyrolysis drum cavity, the pyrolysis drum flue gas outlet is communicated with the drying drum gas inlet, and the pyrolysis drum gas inlet is used for air and fuel gas in a fuel gas storage device to enter; the pyrolysis drum burner is arranged on the outer side wall of the inner rotary drum of the pyrolysis drum, the gas-solid separator is communicated with the rear end of the inner rotary drum of the pyrolysis drum and is provided with a pyrolysis gas outlet and a carbon slag outlet, and the carbon slag outlet is connected with a carbon slag collecting device;
the first-stage gas washing tower and the second-stage gas washing tower are respectively provided with a gas inlet, a gas outlet and a liquid storage tank, the gas inlet of the first-stage gas washing tower is communicated with the pyrolysis gas outlet of the gas-solid separator, the gas inlet of the second-stage gas washing tower is communicated with the gas outlet of the first-stage gas washing tower, the gas outlet of the second-stage gas washing tower is communicated with the fuel gas storage tank, and liquid in the liquid storage tanks of the first-stage gas washing tower and the second-stage gas washing tower enters the settling tank for settling;
the flue gas waste heat recovery device is provided with a high-temperature flue gas inlet, a low-temperature flue gas outlet, a flue gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet and a flue gas waste heat recovery high-temperature medium outlet, the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device comprises a circulating water inlet, the high-temperature flue gas inlet of the flue gas waste heat recovery device is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the drying drum, the low-temperature flue gas outlet is communicated with the atmosphere, the circulating water inlet of the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device is communicated with the water outlet of the secondary gas washing tower, the circulating water outlet is communicated with the gas inlet of the secondary gas washing tower, the flue gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet and the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery low-temperature medium inlet are both communicated with the lower water outlet of a high-temperature steam storage device, and the flue gas waste heat recovery high-temperature medium outlet and the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery high-temperature medium outlet are both communicated with the steam inlet of the high-temperature steam storage device.
2. The domestic waste low-temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the outer cylinder of the drying drum and the outer surface of the outer cylinder of the pyrolysis drum are both covered with an aluminum silicate heat insulation layer or a rock wool heat insulation layer of 80-120 mm.
3. The decoupled combustion-based low temperature pyrolysis system of household waste of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis section further comprises an extrusion dehydration unit disposed between the feeding device and the drying drum.
4. The domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion of claim 3, characterized in that, the extrusion dewatering device comprises a crusher and an extruder, the inlet of the crusher is connected with the feeding device through a conveying mechanism, the outlet of the crusher is connected with the inlet of the extruder through a conveying mechanism, and the outlet of the extruder is connected with the inlet of the drying feeder through a conveying mechanism.
5. The domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion of claim 1 or 4, characterized in that, dry batcher and pyrolysis batcher are screw batcher.
6. The decoupled combustion based household garbage low temperature pyrolysis system of claim 1, wherein the pyrolysis drum burners are evenly distributed on the outer side wall of the inner drum of the pyrolysis drum located within the outer drum of the pyrolysis drum.
7. The domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion of claim 1, characterized in that the scrubbing section further comprises a cyclone dust collector located in front of the primary scrubbing tower, an inlet of the cyclone dust collector is communicated with a pyrolysis gas outlet of the gas-solid separator in the pyrolysis section, and an outlet of the cyclone dust collector is communicated with a gas inlet of the primary scrubbing tower.
8. The domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion of claim 1, characterized in that the primary scrubber adopts an emergency cooling type, and a dynamic wave scrubber is installed in the secondary scrubber.
9. The domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion of claim 1, characterized in that, the flue gas waste heat recovery device and the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device are both heat pipe type heat exchangers.
10. The domestic waste low temperature pyrolysis system based on decoupling combustion of claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall of the outer cylinder of the drying drum is provided with a thread structure for guiding flue gas.
11. The household garbage low-temperature pyrolysis method based on decoupling combustion and realized by the system of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of conveying household garbage into a drying drum for drying treatment, discharging most of moisture of the household garbage into a sewage treatment device, conveying the dried household garbage into a pyrolysis drum for pyrolysis treatment, and generating pyrolysis gas and carbon slag, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the household garbage is sent into an inner rotary drum of a drying drum for drying treatment, most of moisture of the household garbage is discharged to a sewage treatment device, wherein the drying temperature is controlled to be 120-200 ℃, the drying time is controlled to be 0.5-1 h, and the rotating speed of the inner rotary drum is controlled to be 4-8 rpm;
feeding the dried household garbage into an inner rotary drum of a pyrolysis drum for pyrolysis treatment to generate pyrolysis gas and carbon slag, wherein the pyrolysis temperature is controlled to be 400-600 ℃, the pyrolysis time is controlled to be 0.5-1 h, and the rotating speed of the inner rotary drum is controlled to be 4-8 rpm;
the drying treatment and the pyrolysis treatment of the household garbage are divided into a starting stage and a normal operation stage;
in the starting stage, after mixing the air and the fuel gas output by the fuel gas storage, the air and the fuel gas are respectively combusted in the cavity of the drying drum and the cavity of the pyrolysis drum through the burner of the drying drum and the burner of the pyrolysis drum to generate high-temperature flue gas;
after the start-up stage finishes entering a normal operation stage, high-temperature flue gas in the cavity of the pyrolysis drum is conveyed into the cavity of the drying drum to carry out heat exchange and drying on the household garbage in the rotary drum in the drying drum, the burner of the drying drum is switched to be an auxiliary heat source, air and fuel gas output by the fuel gas storage are mixed and then continuously combusted in the cavity of the pyrolysis drum through the burner of the pyrolysis drum to supply heat to generate high-temperature flue gas, the flue gas subjected to heat exchange in the cavity of the drying drum and water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage enter a flue gas waste heat recovery device to carry out heat exchange, the water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage absorbs the heat of the flue;
2) feeding pyrolysis gas into a gas washing section, purifying the pyrolysis gas by sequentially passing through a first-stage gas washing tower and a second-stage gas washing tower, and feeding the washed pyrolysis gas into a gas storage;
the high-temperature circulating water of the secondary gas washing tower and the water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage enter the pyrolysis gas waste heat recovery device for heat exchange, the water flowing out of the lower part of the high-temperature steam storage absorbs the heat of the high-temperature circulating water of the secondary gas washing tower to form high-temperature steam, the high-temperature steam enters the high-temperature steam storage, and the high-temperature circulating water of the secondary gas washing tower releases waste heat and circulates back to the secondary gas washing tower.
12. The method for the low-temperature pyrolysis of domestic garbage based on decoupled combustion, which is realized by the system according to claim 4, is characterized in that the domestic garbage is mechanically cut in a crusher before entering the drying drum, and then is dehydrated in an extruder.
13. The domestic garbage low-temperature pyrolysis method based on decoupling combustion realized by the system according to claim 7 is characterized in that the pyrolysis gas is subjected to dust removal treatment in a cyclone dust removal device before entering the primary scrubber.
14. The domestic waste low-temperature pyrolysis method based on decoupling combustion of claim 11, wherein the primary scrubber tower sprays alkaline cold water to the pyrolysis gas, and the secondary scrubber tower performs dynamic wave washing to the pyrolysis gas output by the primary scrubber tower.
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