CN114766322B

CN114766322B - Ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil of rare earth mining area and preparation and use methods

Info

Publication number: CN114766322B
Application number: CN202210465350.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张隆隆; 黄园英; 朱晓华; 袁欣; 刘晓瑜
Original assignee: National Geological Experimental Testing Center china Geological Survey
Current assignee: National Geological Experimental Testing Center china Geological Survey
Priority date: 2022-04-29
Filing date: 2022-04-29
Publication date: 2022-12-20
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-29
Also published as: CN114766322A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water and soil loss treatment and soil improvement, and particularly relates to an ecological grass brick for a rare earth mining area and a method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the corncobs to the particle size of below 2cm, and performing anaerobic pyrolysis at 150-180 ℃ to form corncob biomass charcoal; pulverizing cortex Pini to particle size below 5cm; crushing pine barks: corncob biomass charcoal: the bark fibers are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 5; the method comprises the following steps of (1) attapulgite by mass: lime: water-retaining agent: binder =35-40: 10-15:30-35, mixing with water, mixing into a mixed material A, and pressing to form an ecological grass brick with a preset shape; the ecological grass brick of predetermineeing the shape include dark cuttage tongue page or leaf and the buttress of extending, the buttress with the top of dark cuttage tongue page or leaf connect and form the right angle turn and extend. The ecological grass brick has the advantages of simple manufacture and use, comprehensive utilization of wastes, good effect of controlling water and soil on loose sandy soil side slopes in rare earth mining areas, improvement of physical and chemical properties of sandy soil, offset of geological disaster risks such as landslides and the like.

Description

Ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil of rare earth mining area and preparation and use methods

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss and soil improvement and treatment, in particular to an ecological grass brick for a rare earth mining area and a method.

Background

The description of the background of the invention pertaining to the related art to which this invention pertains is given for the purpose of illustration and understanding only of the summary of the invention and is not to be construed as an admission that the applicant is explicitly or implicitly admitted to be prior art to the date of filing this application as first filed with this invention.

The ionic rare earth ore is mainly and intensively distributed in Jiangxi Ganzhou region in China, the mining and extracting technology mainly comprises the processes of pool leaching, heap leaching, in-situ ore leaching and the like, a large amount of high-concentration ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid solution is used in the ore leaching process, the recovery rate is low, the geochemical environment of an ore area is thoroughly changed, the rock weathering of the ore area is accelerated, a loose accumulation body mainly comprising medium and fine particles is formed, and unstable landslides and debris flows are easily formed. The whole mining area shows gully vertical and horizontal, vegetation loss, soil desertification, acidification, organic matter loss, more enriched ammonia nitrogen and serious water and soil loss. In the prior soil remediation carried out in the ionic rare earth mining area, the vegetation recovery is mainly achieved by foreign soil removal and a small amount of remediation material improvement, the outstanding problems of water retention, physical and chemical properties and the like of sandy soil are not fundamentally changed, the large-area water and soil loss situation is not changed, the overall remediation effect is poor, the sustainability is poor, meanwhile, the soil loss or acidification of the back of the soil layer in different degrees is realized, and the remediation investment cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The ecological grass brick is made of waste organic solid wastes serving as main materials, and has the advantages of simplicity in manufacturing and use, comprehensive utilization of wastes, good effect of controlling water and soil feeding on loose sandy soil side slopes in rare earth mining areas, improvement of physical and chemical properties of sandy soil, offset of geological disaster risks such as landslides and the like. The underground wall formed by continuously laying the ecological grass bricks can optimize the rooting and water environment for shrub survival, and the physical and chemical conditions such as soil, hydrology and the like are improved through long-time decay, so that the vegetation recovery effect is optimized, the rapid formation of strip shrubs is promoted, a certain vegetation coverage degree is achieved, and the ecological economic mode of restoring waste by waste is realized.

The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the preparation method of the ecological grass brick for the rare earth mining area comprises the following steps:

crushing the corncobs to the particle size of below 2cm, controlling the temperature to be 150-180 ℃, and carrying out anaerobic pyrolysis to form corncob biomass charcoal;

pulverizing cortex Pini to particle size below 5cm; crushing pine bark: corncob biomass charcoal: the bark fibers are fully and uniformly mixed according to a mass ratio of 5;

mixing attapulgite: lime: water-retaining agent: the adhesive comprises 35-40 parts by mass: 10-15:30-35, fully mixing the mixture with water to form viscous liquid, mixing the viscous liquid into the mixed material A, and pressing the mixture to form the ecological grass brick with a preset shape;

the ecological grass brick of predetermineeing the shape include dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf and the buttress of extending, the buttress of extending with the bottom suppression of dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf connect and form the epitaxial portion of right angle turn.

In a second aspect, the ecological grass brick for the rare earth mining area is prepared by the preparation method.

Further, the thickness of the ecological grass brick is 5cm.

Furthermore, the deep cutting tongue page is a trapezoid body; the side length of one end of the trapezoid body close to the epitaxial stack is 25-30cm, and the side length of one end far away from the epitaxial stack is 5cm; the right angle turns the epitaxial trapezoid body, and the bottom side length is 20-25cm; the upper side length is 25-30cm.

Further, the height of the deep cutting tongue page is 40-55cm; the height of the epitaxial stack is 5-8cm.

Further, dark cuttage tongue page or leaf include trompil portion, the height of trompil portion be two-thirds of dark cuttage tongue page or leaf height, the one end of trompil portion with the buttress connection of extending.

Furthermore, the hole opening part is provided with a round hole with the diameter smaller than 3 cm.

In a third aspect, the use method of the ecological grass bricks for the rare earth mining area is characterized in that the ecological grass bricks are used for treating water and soil loss of the rare earth mining area.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of cutting the ecological grass bricks into grooves with the depth of 60cm and the width of 10cm at intervals of 1.5-2m, fixing bamboo poles in the grooves according to the length of the bottom edge of the right-angle turning extension of the ecological grass bricks, fixing iron wires on the bamboo poles along the running direction of the grooves, then paving the ecological bricks, mixing and burying the ditch filling soil by adopting original sand soil and planting soil according to a mass ratio of 60-70, watering to ensure that the ecological grass bricks have water, covering soil and watering after 1 day, cutting or planting shrubs which are favored by acid and sand soil after repeating for 2 times, and cutting or planting the shrubs in triangular gaps of the ecological grass bricks in the grooves.

The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

after the ecological grass bricks are used for forming the grass brick underground wall, after 2-3 years of growth, roots of shrubs and the ecological grass bricks are crossed and fused, a more stable ecological soil fixing groove is formed, the side slope sandy soil fixing effect is obvious, the physical and chemical properties of sandy soil are changed to a certain extent, and economic crops such as blueberries, navel oranges, passion fruits and the like can be planted at the position of the ecological grass brick continuous wall in a point mode.

The ecological grass brick soil fixation groove can absorb and retain water to a great extent, so that the instant surface flow of a slope is counteracted, a cavernous body formed by absorbing and discharging water can be used for cutting shrubs to root, the physical and chemical properties of sand soil around the grass brick are improved by the decay of the grass brick, and the soil conditioning property can meet the planting conditions of the shrubs and small trees. The epitaxial stacks of the grass bricks can block surface flow formed by instantaneous heavy rain, and the surface flow along the slope is changed into transverse convergence along the stacks to be gradually and thoroughly absorbed by the ecological bricks, so that water blocking is realized and erosion grooves are prevented from being formed. After the shrub root system is pricked into the grass brick 1-2 years later, organic matters of the grass brick are thoroughly decomposed, organic matters, microorganisms, colloid and aggregates in the sandy soil are increased, and the physical and chemical properties are improved. The water and soil loss of the sandy soil bare waste land of the rare earth waste mining area is fundamentally improved, the vegetation coverage rate is increased, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of the comprehensive utilization of the waste sloping land are improved. The raw materials for manufacturing the grass bricks mainly comprise waste organic matters such as corncobs and barks, so that the waste recycling of the solid waste organic matters is realized, and certain economic benefit can be generated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological grass brick in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical view of an ecological grass block in the embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of laying grass bricks in the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The present application is further described below with reference to examples.

In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to different embodiments, but not necessarily the same embodiment, in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art. Various embodiments may be replaced or combined, and other embodiments may be obtained according to the embodiments without creative efforts for those skilled in the art.

crushing the corncobs to the particle size of below 2cm, and performing anaerobic pyrolysis at the relatively low temperature of 150-180 ℃ to form corncob biomass charcoal;

mixing attapulgite: lime: water retention agent (sodium polyacrylate): the adhesive (bean essence glue and cortical bone glue) is prepared from the following components in parts by mass of 35-40: 10-15:30-35, fully stirring the mixture and water to form viscous liquid, then mixing the viscous liquid into the mixed material A, and then pressing the viscous liquid to form the ecological grass brick with a preset shape;

the ecological grass brick of predetermineeing the shape include dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf and the buttress of extending, the buttress with the bottom suppression of dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf connect and form the epitaxial portion of right angle turn.

In some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the ecological grass brick is 5cm, the thickness mainly considers that the ditching width difficulty of the loose side slope is large, the stability is poor, the ditching width is about 10cm, the construction process is easy and convenient, the disturbance of loose sandy soil on the side slope is small, the groove width is generally 2 times of the thickness of the grass brick, and the laying and the later filling construction of the ecological grass brick are convenient.

In some embodiments of the invention, the deep cutting tongue page is a trapezoid; the side length of one end of the trapezoid body close to the epitaxial stack is 25-30cm, and the side length of one end of the trapezoid body far away from the epitaxial stack is 5cm; the right angle turns the epitaxial trapezoid body, and the bottom side length is 20-25cm; the upper side length is 25-30cm. The size of the bottom edge is designed mainly in consideration of the distance between cutting shrubs, and the cutting shrubs are easy to manufacture without losing rigidity. The upper side of the extension trapezoid body is 5cm longer than the bottom side, and a triangular gap can be formed between the two grass bricks, so that a space for cutting shrubs is reserved.

In some embodiments of the invention, the height of the deep cutting trapezoid is 40-55cm, which is just capable of cutting and fixing the depth of loose sandy soil of a side slope of a rare earth mining area, if special conditions exist, the depth can be determined according to the actual depth condition of a sandy soil loose layer, and the height of the trapezoid is generally 5-10 cm smaller than the average depth of the loose layer; the height of the epitaxial stacks is 5-8cm, the height of the epitaxial stacks mainly plays a role in absorbing and blocking water and soil loss of loose sandy soil, absorbing water and transferring the water to the trapezoid bodies buried in the soil, and playing a role of a sponge. The height of the epitaxial stacks is effective in blocking quicksand, the height of the epitaxial stacks is properly increased to 10cm in places with large sand amount, 5-8cm is considered to be based on an average value given in the practice of restoring loose sandy soil vegetation in a rare earth mining area in 2 years, and the vertical epitaxial stacks have certain rigidity in a certain time.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the deep cutting tongue comprises a hole, and the height of the hole is within two thirds of the height of the deep cutting tongue, mainly to avoid losing the overall rigidity of the trapezoid body, and to form a hole on the upper part to facilitate the insertion and attachment of the root system of the cutting shrub.

One end of the opening part is connected with the extending stack.

In some embodiments of the invention, the hole opening part is provided with a circular hole with a diameter smaller than 2cm, the hole opening is convenient for attaching of a root system of cuttage shrubs, the integral rigidity of the ecological brick wall is enhanced, and the rotting of the ecological grass brick is calculated under the action of microorganisms of the root system part after two years, so that the organic matter content, colloid and aggregates of the peripheral acid sandy loose soil are conditioned.

In a third aspect, the use method of the ecological grass bricks for the rare earth mining area is characterized in that the ecological grass bricks are used for treating the loose sandy soil side slope water and soil loss of the rare earth mining area and are decomposed and conditioned within 2 to 3 years to improve the physical and chemical properties of sandy soil. The abandoned land left by multi-in-situ leaching, pond leaching or heap leaching in the rare earth mining area is mostly loose acidic sandy soil lacking organic matters, the stability and soil function problems of loose layer sandy soil are not solved by the modes of foreign soil spray seeding, lattice slope pressing and the like, and disasters such as large gully, hollow collapse, landslide, debris flow and the like are easily formed. The slope division section of the ecological grass bricks is paved into the underground grass brick continuous wall, the underground grass brick continuous wall can adapt to complex terrains, the excavation engineering quantity is small, the loose-bed sandy soil is not disturbed on a large scale, and the main components also have the effects of increasing organic matters, neutralizing acidity, increasing microbial diversity and the like for the sandy soil. In the later stage of treatment, economic crops such as blueberries, navel oranges, passion fruits and the like can be planted along the ecological brick wall zone, so that economic benefits are generated in the waste mining area sloping fields.

In some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises the following steps:

the bamboo poles are fixed in the grooves at intervals of 20-25cm according to the length of the bottom side of the epitaxial bottom side of the right-angle turning of the ecological grass bricks at intervals of 1.5-2m, the bamboo poles are used as fixed connection wire nets, wires are fixed on the bamboo poles along the direction of the grooves and used for connecting the ecological bricks to form a connected whole, then the ecological bricks are laid, the bottom side of the epitaxial bottom side of the right-angle turning of the ecological grass bricks is pressed on the wires to be continuously laid to form a loose slope multi-section underground continuous ecological brick wall. The ditch filling soil is prepared by fully mixing and burying original sandy soil, waste alkaline stone crushed materials and organic planting soil according to the mass ratio of 4-5, watering to ensure that the ecological grass bricks fully absorb water, watering by covering soil with the mixed soil after 4-7 days, cutting or planting shrubs which are favored by acidity and happiness sand soil after repeating for 2-3 times, cutting or planting the shrubs in triangular gaps between the laid ecological brick wall bricks, wherein the bottom side length of the ecological grass bricks is 20-25cm, the cutting or planting interval of the shrubs is well adjusted, the roots of the shrubs are diffused outwards from the center during cutting, and the shrubs are closer to the hole opening parts of the ecological grass bricks during rooting.

In some embodiments, the acid, sandy shrub is a winter jasmine, a azalea, or a gardenia, and the like.

As shown in fig. 1-3, wherein the height of the deep cutting trapezoid of 1-grass brick is 40-55cm;2, extending the right-angle turning part of the grass brick by 5cm; 3-the height of the extending stack of the grass bricks is 5-8cm; 4-the thickness of the grass brick is 5cm; 5-10-15 cm of height of the aporate tongue tip at the top of the deep cutting trapezoidal body of the grass brick; 6-the length of the top side of the trapezoidal body of the grass brick is 5cm;7, performing circular hole drilling on two thirds of the bottom of the deep cutting trapezoid body of the grass brick, wherein the diameter is controlled within 2 cm; 8-the outer stack of the grass bricks is 5-8cm high, the side length (upper side length) is 25-30cm, and the grass bricks are cuboids; 9-the right-angle turning extension of the grass brick is a trapezoid body with the bottom side length of 20-25cm; the upper side length is 25-30cm; 10-the lower inserting tongue leaf of the grass brick is a trapezoid body, and the bottom side length is 20-25cm; the top edge is 5cm (6); 11-schematic paving of grass bricks; 12-fixing the bamboo poles, wherein the length of the fixed bamboo poles is more than 60cm; 13-fixing the iron wire of the grass pulling brick by the bamboo pole; 14-grooving a waste land in a mining area, and paving grass bricks with the depth of 55-60cm and the width of about 10cm; 15-the spacing of the grooves in the abandoned land of the mining area is between 150cm and 200 cm; 16-triangular gaps for the cuttage of the grass bricks are filled with mixed soil, and shrub plants can be planted in a cuttage mode or a point planting mode.

Example 1: on a loose side slope with the slope length of 5 meters in a rare earth mining area, the distance between the slope lengths is 1.5 meters, 4 transverse grooves are formed, the groove depth is 50cm, the groove width is 8cm, the height of a cutting trapezoid tongue page for laying ecological grass bricks is 45cm, the stack height is 5cm, the top side length is 5cm, the bottom side length is 25cm, the upper side length (the outer stack length side length) is 30cm, the length of a bamboo pole for fixing is 60cm, the ecological grass bricks are laid by pressing iron wires, the ditch filling soil is fully mixed and buried by adopting original sand soil, alkaline stone waste and organic planting soil according to the mass ratio of 4.

The use effect is as follows: the large erosion ditch on the loose sandy soil slope is thoroughly solved, disasters such as hollow landslides are not formed on the slope, the survival rate of the cuttage shrubs is high, the replanting rate is not more than 10%, root systems are pricked into the ecological grass bricks, and local herbaceous plants are derived from the periphery of the grass brick wall. The content of sand organic matters on the slope surface close to the grass brick walls is increased to 3-4% after two years, the content of sand organic matters between the two grass brick walls is increased to a certain extent, about 0.5-1%, and the content of the sand organic matters on the background is less than 0.1%. If the spacing of the grass brick walls is more than 2m, the effect of slope protection is not good, the organic matter increment effect of sand in the middle of the grass brick walls is not good, and the effect is good when the spacing is controlled between 0.8 m and 1.5m under the condition allowance (Table 1).

Table 1 summary of changes in organic matter content of soil at intervals from grass brick walls during the process of rotting ecological grass bricks

The microbial environment of the soil is improved, the aggregates are increased, and the planting condition (shrub or small arbor) for spot planting of economic crops is achieved. The ecological grass brick wall is completely a storage area of organic matters, alkaline minerals and microorganisms at the earlier stage and is also sponge for absorbing water, so that the instant surface flow of the slope is effectively counteracted.

Comparative example: rare earth mining area cement lattice pressure slope, the indoor upper portion of check adopts the extra soil to spout thinly, and ecological bag pressure slope foot is adopted to the lower part, and the afforestation adopts the herbage: shrub =1 mixing.

And (3) comparing the results: the soil erosion of the guest soil layer is serious within 1 year, the retrogradation phenomenon of herbaceous plants after growing for one season is serious, and the root depth required by shrub growth is not enough. The erosion ditch on the slope is heavier, the sand and soil at the lower part of the lattice structure are lost to form a hollow structure, some parts of the cement lattice structure are physically damaged, the ecological bag at the lower part is also damaged to a certain extent, and the integral rigidity is weakened to some extent. The physical and chemical properties of sandy soil are not fundamentally improved, and as an isolating layer is not arranged between a guest soil layer and in-situ acidified sandy soil, the guest soil layer on the later surface is also easy to acidify and run off, so that slope plants are degraded or dead, and the slope is exposed again (table 2).

Table 2 comparison of effects table

It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the ecological grass brick for the loose sandy soil of the rare earth mining area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

mixing attapulgite: lime: water-retaining agent: the adhesive comprises 35-40 parts by mass: 10-15:30-35, fully stirring the mixture and water to form viscous liquid, then mixing the viscous liquid into the mixed material A, and then pressing the viscous liquid to form the ecological grass brick with a preset shape;

the ecological grass brick of predetermineeing the shape include dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf and the buttress of extending, the buttress with the bottom suppression of dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf connect the epitaxial trapezoidal body of formation right angle turn.

2. An ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil of a rare earth mining area, which is prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.

3. The ecological grass brick for the loose sandy soil of the rare earth mining area as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thickness of the ecological grass brick is 5cm.

4. The ecological grass brick for the loose sandy soil of the rare earth mining area as claimed in claim 3, wherein the side length of one end, close to the epitaxial pile, of the deep cutting trapezoid tongue page is 25-30cm, and the side length of one end, far away from the epitaxial pile, of the deep cutting trapezoid tongue page is 5cm; the right angle turns the epitaxial trapezoid body, and the bottom side length is 20-25cm; the upper side is 25-30cm long.

5. The ecological grass brick for the loose sandy soil of the rare earth mining area as claimed in claim 4, wherein the height of the tongue leaf of the deep cutting trapezoidal body is 40-55cm; the height of the epitaxial stack is 5-8cm.

6. The ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil in rare earth mining areas as claimed in claim 5, wherein said deep cutting trapezoidal body tongue leaf includes an opening portion, the height of said opening portion is two thirds of the height of the deep cutting trapezoidal body tongue leaf, and one end of said opening portion is connected with said extended pile.

7. The ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil of a rare earth mining area as claimed in claim 6, wherein the perforated portion is provided with a circular hole having a diameter of less than 2 cm.

8. Use of the ecological grass block for loose sandy soil in rare earth mining areas, which is characterized in that the ecological grass block of any one of claims 2 to 7 is used for treating water and soil loss and soil physicochemical property improvement in rare earth mining areas.

9. The use method of ecological grass bricks for loose sandy soil of rare earth mining areas according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps of 1.5-2m spacing, forming a groove with the depth of 60cm and the width of 10cm, fixing a bamboo pole in the groove according to the length of the bottom edge of the right-angle turning extension of the ecological grass bricks, fixing an iron wire on the bamboo pole along the direction of the groove, then paving the ecological bricks, mixing and burying the ditch filling soil by adopting original sand soil and organic planting soil according to the mass ratio of 60-70, watering to make the ecological grass bricks to have water, covering soil and watering after 1 day, planting shrubs which are favored with acidity and sand soil after repeating for 2 times, and planting the shrubs in triangular gaps of the ecological bricks in the groove.