CN114766322A

CN114766322A - Ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil of rare earth mining area and preparation and use methods

Info

Publication number: CN114766322A
Application number: CN202210465350.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张隆隆; 黄园英; 朱晓华; 袁欣; 刘晓瑜
Original assignee: National Geological Experimental Testing Center china Geological Survey
Current assignee: National Geological Experimental Testing Center china Geological Survey
Priority date: 2022-04-29
Filing date: 2022-04-29
Publication date: 2022-07-22
Anticipated expiration: 2042-04-29
Also published as: CN114766322B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water and soil loss treatment and soil improvement, and particularly relates to an ecological grass brick for a rare earth mining area and a method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the corncobs to the particle size of below 2cm, and performing anaerobic pyrolysis at the temperature of 150-180 ℃ to form corncob biomass charcoal; pulverizing cortex Pini to particle size below 5 cm; crushing pine barks: corncob biomass charcoal: uniformly mixing bark fibers according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2 to obtain a mixed material A, and storing the mixed material A for 2-3 days in an environment with humidity of more than 70%; the method comprises the following steps of (1) attapulgite by mass: lime: water-retaining agent: 35-40: 20-25: 10-15: 30-35, mixing with water, mixing with the mixed material A, and pressing to form an ecological grass brick with a preset shape; the ecological grass brick of predetermineeing the shape include dark cuttage tongue page or leaf and the buttress of extending, the buttress with the top of dark cuttage tongue page or leaf connect and form the extension of right angle turn. The ecological grass brick has the advantages of simple manufacture and use, comprehensive utilization of wastes, good effect of treating water and soil on loose sandy soil side slopes in rare earth mining areas, improvement of physical and chemical properties of sandy soil, offset of geological disaster risks such as landslides and the like, and the like.

Description

Ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil of rare earth mining area and preparation and use methods

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of water and soil loss and soil improvement and treatment, in particular to an ecological grass brick for a rare earth mining area and a method.

Background

The description of the background of the invention pertaining to the related art to which this invention pertains is given for the purpose of illustration and understanding only of the summary of the invention and is not to be construed as an admission that the applicant is explicitly or implicitly admitted to be prior art to the date of filing this application as first filed with this invention.

The ionic rare earth ore is mainly and intensively distributed in Jiangxi Ganzhou region in China, the mining and extracting technology mainly comprises the processes of pool leaching, heap leaching, in-situ ore leaching and the like, a large amount of high-concentration ammonium sulfate and sulfuric acid solution is used in the ore leaching process, the recovery rate is low, the geochemical environment of an ore area is thoroughly changed, the rock weathering of the ore area is accelerated, a loose accumulation body mainly comprising medium and fine particles is formed, and unstable landslides and debris flows are easily formed. The whole mining area has vertical and horizontal gullies, vegetation loss, soil desertification, acidification, organic matter loss, enriched ammonia nitrogen and serious water and soil loss. In the prior soil remediation carried out in the ionic rare earth mining area, the vegetation recovery is mainly achieved by foreign soil removal and a small amount of remediation material improvement, the outstanding problems of water retention, physical and chemical properties and the like of sandy soil are not fundamentally changed, the large-area water and soil loss situation is not changed, the overall remediation effect is poor, the sustainability is poor, meanwhile, the soil loss or acidification of the back of the soil layer in different degrees is realized, and the remediation investment cost is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The ecological grass brick is made of waste organic solid wastes serving as main materials, and has the advantages of simplicity in manufacturing and using, comprehensive utilization of wastes, good effect of treating water and soil on loose sandy soil side slopes of rare earth mining areas, improvement of physical and chemical properties of sandy soil, offset of geological disaster risks such as landslides and the like. The underground wall formed by continuously paving the ecological grass bricks can optimize rooting for shrub survival and water environment needed, and can improve physical and chemical conditions such as soil, hydrology and the like through long-time decay so as to optimize vegetation recovery effect, promote the rapid formation of strip shrubs, achieve certain vegetation coverage and realize an ecological economic mode of restoring waste by waste.

The purpose of the embodiment of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the preparation method of the ecological grass brick for the rare earth mining area comprises the following steps:

crushing the corncobs to the particle size of below 2cm, and performing anaerobic pyrolysis at the relative low temperature of 150-180 ℃ to form corncob biomass charcoal;

pulverizing cortex Pini to particle size below 5 cm; crushing pine bark: corncob biomass charcoal: the bark fibers are fully and uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 5:3:2 to obtain a mixed material A, and the mixed material A is sprayed, sprayed and stored for moisturizing for 2-3 days for softening in an environment with the humidity of more than 70% or at intervals of 4-6 hours;

mixing attapulgite: lime: water-retaining agent: the adhesive is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 35-40: 20-25: 10-15: 30-35, fully stirring the mixture and water to form viscous liquid, then mixing the viscous liquid into the mixed material A, and then pressing the viscous liquid to form the ecological grass brick with a preset shape;

the ecological grass brick of predetermineeing the shape include dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf and the buttress of extending, the buttress with the bottom suppression of dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf connect and form the epitaxial portion of right angle turn.

In a second aspect, the ecological grass brick for the rare earth mining area is prepared by the preparation method.

Further, the thickness of the ecological grass brick is 5 cm.

Furthermore, the deep cutting tongue page is a trapezoid body; the side length of one end of the trapezoid body close to the epitaxial stack is 25-30cm, and the side length of one end far away from the epitaxial stack is 5 cm; the right angle turns the epitaxial trapezoid body, and the bottom side length is 20-25 cm; the upper side is 25-30cm long.

Further, the height of the deep cutting tongue page is 40-55 cm; the height of the epitaxial stacks is 5-8 cm.

Further, dark cuttage tongue page or leaf include trompil portion, the height of trompil portion be dark cuttage tongue page or leaf height two-thirds, the one end of trompil portion with epitaxial buttress connect.

Furthermore, the hole opening part is provided with a circular hole with the diameter smaller than 3 cm.

In a third aspect, the use method of the ecological grass bricks for the rare earth mining area is characterized in that the ecological grass bricks are used for treating water and soil loss of the rare earth mining area.

Further, the method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of cutting the ecological grass bricks into grooves with the depth of 60cm and the width of 10cm at intervals of 1.5-2m, fixing bamboo poles in the grooves according to the lengths of the bottom edges of the right-angle turning extensions of the ecological grass bricks, fixing iron wires on the bamboo poles along the running direction of the grooves, paving the ecological bricks, mixing and burying the ditch filling soil by using original sand soil and planting soil according to the mass ratio of 60-70:30-40, watering to make the ecological grass bricks have water, covering soil and watering after 1 day, cutting or planting shrubs which are favored by acid and sand soil after repeating for 2 times, and cutting or planting the shrubs in triangular gaps in the grooves of the ecological grass bricks.

The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:

after the ecological grass bricks are used for forming the grass brick underground wall, after 2-3 years of growth, roots of shrubs and the ecological grass bricks are crossed and fused, a more stable ecological soil fixing groove is formed, the side slope sandy soil fixing effect is obvious, the physical and chemical properties of sandy soil are changed to a certain extent, and economic crops such as blueberries, navel oranges, passion fruits and the like can be planted at the position of the ecological grass brick continuous wall.

The ecological grass brick soil fixation groove can absorb and retain water to a great extent, so that the instant surface flow of a slope is counteracted, a cavernous body formed by absorbing and discharging water can be used for cutting shrubs to root, the physical and chemical properties of sand soil around the grass brick are improved by the decay of the grass brick, and the soil conditioning property can meet the planting conditions of the shrubs and small trees. The epitaxial stacks of the grass bricks can block surface flow formed by instantaneous heavy rain, and the surface flow along the slope is changed into transverse convergence along the stacks to be gradually and thoroughly absorbed by the ecological bricks, so that water is blocked and erosion grooves are prevented from being formed. After 1-2 years, after the root system of the shrub is pricked into the grass brick, organic matters of the grass brick are thoroughly decomposed, organic matters, microorganisms, colloid and aggregates in the sandy soil are increased, and the physical and chemical properties are improved. The water and soil loss of the sandy soil bare waste land of the rare earth waste mining area is fundamentally improved, the vegetation coverage rate is increased, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit of the comprehensive utilization of the waste sloping land are improved. The raw materials for manufacturing the grass bricks mainly comprise waste organic matters such as corncobs and barks, so that the waste recycling of the solid waste organic matters is realized, and certain economic benefit can be generated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ecological grass brick in an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic vertical view of an ecological grass block in the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic plan view of laying grass bricks in the embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

The present application is further described below with reference to examples.

In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" may not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art. Various embodiments may be replaced or combined, and other embodiments may be obtained according to the embodiments without creative efforts for those skilled in the art.

pulverizing cortex Pini to particle size below 5 cm; crushing pine bark: corncob biomass charcoal: fully and uniformly mixing bark fibers according to a mass ratio of 5:3:2 to obtain a mixed material A, and spraying water for moisturizing and storing for 2-3 days for softening in an environment with humidity of more than 70% or at intervals of 4-6 hours;

mixing attapulgite: lime: water retention agent (sodium polyacrylate): the adhesive (bean essence glue and cortical bone glue) is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 35-40: 20-25: 10-15: 30-35, fully stirring the mixture and water to form viscous liquid, then mixing the viscous liquid into the mixed material A, and then pressing the viscous liquid to form the ecological grass brick with a preset shape;

In some embodiments of the invention, the thickness of the ecological grass brick is 5cm, the thickness mainly considers that the ditching width difficulty of the loose side slope is large, the stability is poor, the ditching width is about 10cm, the construction process is easy and convenient, the disturbance of loose sandy soil on the side slope is small, the groove width is generally 2 times of the thickness of the grass brick, and the laying and the later filling construction of the ecological grass brick are convenient.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the deep cutting tongue page is a trapezoid; the side length of one end of the trapezoid body close to the epitaxial stack is 25-30cm, and the side length of one end far away from the epitaxial stack is 5 cm; the right angle turns the epitaxial trapezoid body, and the bottom side length is 20-25 cm; the upper side is 25-30cm long. The size of the bottom edge is designed mainly in consideration of the distance between cutting shrubs, and the cutting shrubs are easy to manufacture without losing rigidity. The upper side of the extension trapezoid body is 5cm longer than the bottom side, and a triangular gap can be formed between the two grass bricks, so that a space for cutting shrubs is reserved.

In some embodiments of the invention, the height of the deep cutting trapezoid is 40-55cm, which is just capable of cutting and fixing the depth of loose sandy soil of a side slope of a rare earth mining area, if special conditions exist, the depth can be determined according to the actual depth condition of a sandy soil loose layer, and the height of the trapezoid is generally 5-10 cm smaller than the average depth of the loose layer; the height of the extension stacks is 5-8cm, and the height of the extension stacks mainly plays a role in absorbing and blocking water and soil loss of loose sandy soil, absorbing water and transferring the water and soil into a trapezoid body buried in the soil, and playing a role of a sponge. The height of the epitaxial stacks is very effective for blocking quicksand, the height of the epitaxial stacks is properly increased to 10cm in places with large sand amount, 5-8cm is based on the average value given in the practice of recovering loose sandy soil vegetation in a rare earth mining area in 2 years, and the vertical epitaxial stacks have certain rigidity in certain time.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the deep cutting tongue page includes a hole opening portion, and the height of the hole opening portion is within two thirds of the height of the deep cutting tongue page, mainly to avoid losing the overall rigidity of the trapezoid body, and to open a hole at the upper portion to facilitate the insertion and attachment of the root system of the cutting shrub.

One end of the opening part is connected with the extending stack.

In some embodiments of the invention, the hole opening part is provided with a circular hole with a diameter less than 2cm, the hole opening is convenient for attaching the root system of the cuttage shrub, the integral rigidity of the ecological brick wall is enhanced, and the rotting of the ecological grass brick is calculated under the action of the microorganism of the root system part after two years, so that the organic matter content, colloid and aggregates of the peripheral acid sandy loose soil are conditioned.

In a third aspect, the use method of the ecological grass bricks for the rare earth mining area is characterized in that the ecological grass bricks are used for treating the loose sandy soil side slope water and soil loss of the rare earth mining area and are decomposed and conditioned within 2 to 3 years to improve the physical and chemical properties of sandy soil. The abandoned land left by in-situ leaching, pond leaching or heap leaching of the rare earth mining area is mostly loose acidic sandy soil lacking organic matters, the stability of loose layer sandy soil and the soil function problems are not solved by the modes of foreign soil spray seeding, lattice slope pressing and the like, and disasters such as large gully, hollow collapse, landslide, debris flow and the like are easily formed. The slope-divided sections of the ecological grass bricks are laid into the underground grass brick continuous wall, the underground grass brick continuous wall can adapt to complex terrains, the excavation engineering quantity is small, loose-bed sandy soil is not disturbed on a large scale, and the main components of the underground grass brick continuous wall also have the effects of increasing organic matters, neutralizing acidity, increasing microbial diversity and the like for the sandy soil. In the later stage of treatment, economic crops such as blueberries, navel oranges, passion fruits and the like can be planted along the ecological brick wall zone, so that economic benefits are generated in the waste mining area sloping fields.

In some embodiments of the invention, the method comprises the following steps:

the ecological grass bricks are laid, the bottom sides of the right-angle turning extension of the ecological grass bricks are pressed on the iron wires continuously, and the loose slope multi-section underground continuous ecological brick wall is formed. The ditch filling soil is formed by fully mixing and burying original sandy soil, waste alkaline stone crushed materials and organic planting soil according to the mass ratio of 4-5:2:3-4, watering to enable ecological grass bricks to fully absorb water, watering by covering soil with the mixed soil after 4-7 days, cutting or planting shrubs which are favored by acid and sand for 2-3 times, cutting or planting the shrubs in triangular gaps between the laid ecological brick wall bricks, wherein the bottom side length of the ecological grass bricks is 20-25cm, the cutting or planting interval of the shrubs is well adjusted, the roots of the shrubs are diffused outwards from the center during cutting, and the shrubs are closer to the hole opening parts of the ecological grass bricks during rooting.

In some embodiments, the acid, sandy shrubs are winter jasmine, azalea, gardenia, or the like.

As shown in fig. 1-3, wherein 1-the depth cutting trapezoid of the grass brick is 40-55cm in height; 2, extending the right-angle turning part of the grass brick by 5 cm; 3-the height of the extending stack of the grass bricks is 5-8 cm; 4-the thickness of the grass brick is 5 cm; 5-10-15 cm of the height of the top of the deep cutting trapezoidal body without the hole tongue tip of the grass brick; 6-the length of the top side of the trapezoidal body of the grass brick is 5 cm; 7, performing circular hole drilling on two thirds of the bottom of the deep cutting trapezoid body of the grass brick, wherein the diameter is controlled within 2 cm; 8-the height of the outer stack of the grass bricks is 5-8cm, the side length (upper side length) is 25-30cm, and the grass bricks are cuboids; 9-the right-angle turning extension of the grass brick is a trapezoid body with the bottom side length of 20-25 cm; the upper side length is 25-30 cm; 10-lower inserting tongue leaf of the grass brick is a trapezoid body, and the bottom side length is 20-25 cm; the top edge is 5cm (6); 11, laying grass bricks; 12-fixing the bamboo poles, wherein the length of the fixed bamboo poles is more than 60 cm; 13-fixing the iron wire of the grass pulling brick by the bamboo pole; 14-grooving a waste land in a mining area, and paving grass bricks with the depth of 55-60cm and the width of about 10 cm; 15-the gap between the grooves of the abandoned land in the mining area is 150 cm-200 cm; 16-triangular spaces for cuttage of the grass bricks are filled with mixed soil, and shrub plants can be planted in a cuttage mode or in a dibbling mode.

Example 1: on a loose side slope with the slope length of 5 meters in a rare earth mining area, the distance between the slope lengths is 1.5 meters, 4 transverse grooves are formed, the groove depth is 50cm, the groove width is 8cm, the height of a tongue leaf of a cutting trapezoid body for laying ecological grass bricks is 45cm, the stack height is 5cm, the top side length is 5cm, the bottom side length is 25cm, the upper side length (the outer stack length side length) is 30cm, a bamboo pole for fixing is 60cm, the ecological grass bricks are laid by pressing iron wires, filling soil is fully mixed and buried by adopting original sand soil, alkaline stone waste crushed materials and organic planting soil according to the mass ratio of 4:2:4, watering is carried out after the ecological grass bricks fully absorb water, and after 5 days, watering is carried out by covering soil with mixed soil, thus, the winter jasmine is cut after repeating for 3 times, the distance between the winter jasmine is 25cm, the winter jasmine is inserted into a triangular gap between the laid ecological brick bricks, the survival rate of the winter jasmine is approximately more than 95%, and the winter jasmine is just good in the growth situation.

The using effect is as follows: the large erosion gully on the loose sandy soil slope surface is thoroughly solved, no hollow landslide and other disasters are formed on the slope surface, the survival rate of the cuttage shrub is high, the replanting rate is not more than 10%, the root system is pricked into the ecological grass brick, and local herbaceous plants are derived from the periphery of the grass brick wall. The organic content of sand on the slope near the grass brick walls is increased to 3-4% after two years, the organic content of sand between the two grass brick walls is increased to a certain extent, about 0.5-1%, and the organic content of the background sand is less than 0.1%. If the spacing of the grass brick walls is more than 2m, the effect of slope protection is not good, the organic matter increment effect of sand in the middle of the grass brick walls is not good, and the effect is good when the spacing is controlled to be 0.8-1.5m under the condition allowance (table 1).

Table 1 summary of changes in organic matter content of soil at intervals from grass brick walls during the process of rotting ecological grass bricks

The microbial environment of the soil is improved, the aggregates are increased, and the planting condition (shrub or small arbor) for spot planting of economic crops is achieved. The ecological grass brick wall is completely a storage area for organic matters, alkaline minerals and microorganisms at the earlier stage and is also sponge for absorbing water, so that the instant surface current of the slope is effectively counteracted.

Comparative example: rare earth mining area cement lattice pressure slope, the indoor upper portion of check adopts the extra soil to spout thinly, and ecological bag pressure slope foot is adopted to the lower part, and the afforestation adopts the herbage: shrubs were mixed 1: 1.

And (3) comparing the results: the soil erosion of the guest soil layer is serious within 1 year, the retrogradation phenomenon of herbaceous plants after growing for one season is serious, and the root depth required by shrub growth is not enough. The erosion ditch on the slope surface is heavier, the sand and soil at the lower part of the lattice structure are lost to form a hollow structure, some parts of the cement lattice structure are physically damaged, the ecological bag at the lower part is also damaged to a certain extent, and the integral rigidity is weakened to some extent. The physical and chemical properties of sandy soil are not fundamentally improved, and as an isolating layer is not arranged between a guest soil layer and in-situ acidified sandy soil, the guest soil layer on the later surface is also easy to acidify and run off, so that slope plants are degraded or dead, and the slope is exposed again (table 2).

Table 2 comparison of effects table

It should be noted that the above embodiments can be freely combined as necessary. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The preparation method of the ecological grass brick for the loose sandy soil of the rare earth mining area is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

mixing attapulgite: lime: water-retaining agent: the adhesive is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 35-40: 20-25: 10-15: 30-35, fully mixing the mixture with water to form viscous liquid, mixing the viscous liquid into the mixed material A, and pressing the mixture to form the ecological grass brick with a preset shape;

the ecological grass brick of predetermineeing the shape include dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf and the buttress of extending, the buttress of extending with the bottom suppression of dark cuttage trapezoidal body tongue page or leaf connect and form the epitaxial portion of right angle turn.

2. An ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil of a rare earth mining area, which is prepared by the preparation method of claim 1.

3. The ecological grass brick for the loose sandy soil of the rare earth mining area as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thickness of the ecological grass brick is 5 cm.

4. The ecological grass brick for the loose sandy soil of the rare earth mining area as claimed in claim 3, wherein the deep cutting tongue page is a trapezoid body; the side length of one end of the trapezoid body close to the epitaxial stack is 25-30cm, and the side length of one end of the trapezoid body far away from the epitaxial stack is 5 cm; the right angle turns the epitaxial trapezoid body, and the bottom side length is 20-25 cm; the upper side length is 25-30 cm.

5. The ecological grass brick for the loose sandy soil of the rare earth mining area as claimed in claim 4, wherein the deep cutting tongue page is 40-55cm high; the height of the epitaxial stacks is 5-8 cm.

6. The ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil in rare earth mining areas as claimed in claim 5, wherein said deep cutting tongue leaf includes an opening portion, the height of said opening portion is two thirds of the height of the deep cutting tongue leaf, and one end of said opening portion is connected with said outer pile.

7. The ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil of a rare earth mining area as claimed in claim 6, wherein the perforated portion is provided with a circular hole having a diameter of less than 2 cm.

8. A method for using the loose sandy soil of ecological grass bricks for rare earth mining areas, which is characterized in that the ecological grass bricks in any one of claims 2 to 7 are used for treating the water and soil loss and the physical and chemical property improvement of soil of the rare earth mining areas.

9. The use of the ecological grass brick for loose sandy soil of rare earth mining areas according to claim 8, characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of cutting the ecological grass bricks into grooves with the depth of 60cm and the width of 10cm at intervals of 1.5-2m, fixing bamboo poles in the grooves according to the lengths of the bottom edges of the right-angle turning extensions of the ecological grass bricks, fixing iron wires on the bamboo poles along the running direction of the grooves, paving the ecological bricks, mixing and burying the ditch filling soil by adopting original sand soil and organic planting soil according to the mass ratio of 60-70:30-40, watering to make the ecological grass bricks have water, covering soil and watering after 1 day, cutting or planting shrubs which are favored by acid and sand soil after repeating for 2 times, and cutting or planting the shrubs in triangular gaps in the grooves of the ecological grass bricks.