CN114739627A - Optical matching calibration method and device for internal flow field of complex structure - Google Patents
Optical matching calibration method and device for internal flow field of complex structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114739627A CN114739627A CN202210257346.4A CN202210257346A CN114739627A CN 114739627 A CN114739627 A CN 114739627A CN 202210257346 A CN202210257346 A CN 202210257346A CN 114739627 A CN114739627 A CN 114739627A
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Abstract
The optical matching calibration method and device for measuring the internal flow field of the complex structure, provided by the disclosure, comprise the following steps: manufacturing a transparent model with a complex structure; providing a surface light source to one side of a transparent model, and introducing a refractive index matching fluid into an inner cavity of the transparent model, wherein the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid is similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model, so as to obtain an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source; and using the standard deviation of the image pixel values as the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid for the obtained internal image, if the refractive index matching degree does not reach the refractive index matching degree set value, adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid until the refractive index matching degree reaches the refractive index matching degree set value, and finishing calibration. The method can completely match the refractive indexes of the fluid and the complex structure processed by the transparent material, so as to eliminate image distortion when measuring the flow field in the complex structure by an optical method, and provide a basis for optical measurement of the flow field in the complex structure.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of measurement of an internal flow field of a complex structure, in particular to an optical matching calibration method and device of the internal flow field of the complex structure.
Background
The optical measurement of the internal flow field of a complex structure is always a key concern in the field of fluid engineering. At present, a common internal flow field experiment of a complex structure generally adopts a transparent material to build a model of the complex structure, then fluid is introduced into the complex structure, and a high-speed photography method is used for observing the internal flow field of the structure. In the method, because the refractive index of the transparent material is generally different from that of the fluid, the light rays can be refracted when passing through a complex transparent material structure, and finally, a distorted image is presented in the camera, so that a real internal flow field cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the optical matching calibration method for the internal flow field of the complex structure, provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, solves the problem of image distortion when the internal flow field is measured by using an image measurement technology, and is beneficial to observing accurate flow field data inside the complex structure. The optical matching calibration method provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure includes:
s1, manufacturing a transparent model with a complex structure, wherein a cavity for containing refractive index matching fluid is arranged in the transparent model, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and the refractive index matching fluid with the refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
step S2, providing a surface light source to one side of the transparent model, and introducing a refractive index matching fluid into the cavity to obtain an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source;
s3, calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid by using a formula (1) for the internal image obtained in the step S2, if the refractive index matching degree does not reach a set value of the refractive index matching degree, executing a step S4 until the refractive index matching degree reaches the set value of the refractive index matching degree, and finishing calibration; the formula (1) is:
wherein s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid; n and M are the total column number and the total row number of pixels included in the internal image obtained in step S2, respectively; i isijThe gray values of the j-th row and i-th column pixels in the internal image obtained in the step S2;
the gray-scale average value of the internal image acquired in step S2;
and step S4, adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the transparent model, and returning to the step S2.
The optical matching calibration method for the internal flow field of the complex structure provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
according to the optical matching calibration method for the internal flow field of the complex structure, provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, the refractive index matching degree of the refractive index matching liquid and the complex structure can be measured in situ at the same time, so that the interface of the fluid working medium and the complex structure is not refracted to influence the image quality in the image measuring method, the measurement error of the internal flow field of the complex structure caused by image distortion due to the fact that the refractive indexes of the fluid working medium and the complex structure are different can be thoroughly eliminated, a guarantee is provided for accurate measurement of the internal flow field of the complex structure, and the optical matching calibration method has an important popularization value in the aspect of related fluid engineering experimental research.
In some embodiments, in step S2, the internal image of the transparent model is obtained from the other side of the transparent model perpendicular to the plane of the surface light source.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the index matching degree setting value is determined according to a gray-scale average value of the internal image and an allowable image brightness difference.
In some embodiments, the index match setting is set to
In some embodiments, step S4 includes:
observing the distribution of the solid-liquid interface bright band in the internal image, if the bright band is on one side of the solid, reducing the temperature or concentration of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity, and returning to the step S2; and if the bright band is positioned on one side of the liquid, increasing the temperature or the concentration of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity, and returning to the step S2.
An embodiment of a first aspect of the present disclosure provides an optical matching calibration apparatus, including:
the method comprises the following steps that a transparent model with a complex structure is provided with a cavity for containing refractive index matching fluid, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and the refractive index matching fluid with the refractive index similar to that of a material for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
the refractive index matching fluid pumping unit is used for pumping the refractive index matching fluid to the cavity;
the surface light source is positioned on one side of the transparent model;
a camera for acquiring an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source and filled with the refractive index matching fluid;
the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit is used for adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity; and
the controller is used for calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the transparent model according to the formula (1), and controlling the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit to adjust the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity if the refractive index matching degree does not reach a set value of the refractive index matching degree until the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid calculated according to the formula (1) reaches the set value of the refractive index matching degree; the formula (1) is:
wherein s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid; n and M are the total pixel column number and the total pixel row number contained in the obtained internal image respectively; I.C. AijObtaining gray values of jth row and ith column pixels in the internal image;
the gray level average value of the acquired internal image is obtained.
In some embodiments, the refractive index matching fluid pumping unit includes a pipe, an outlet end of the pipe is communicated with an inlet end of the cavity, and a driving pump is disposed on the pipe.
In some embodiments, the surface light source comprises a laser and a sheet light path arranged coaxially and mounted on one side of the transparent mold.
In some embodiments, the camera is mounted on the other side of the transparent model perpendicular to the plane of the sheet light path.
In some embodiments, the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit comprises a heat exchange tube installed inside the pipeline and a temperature controller connected with the heat exchange tube, cooling water is filled into the heat exchange tube and the temperature controller and circulates uninterruptedly, and the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity is controlled and adjusted by the controller.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an optical matching calibration method for an internal flow field of a complex structure according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical matching calibration apparatus for a complicated internal flow field provided in an embodiment of a second aspect of the present disclosure;
in the figure:
10-transparent mold, 11-cavity, 111-solid part;
20-refractive index matching fluid pumping unit, 21-pipeline, 22-driving pump;
30-area light source, 31-laser, 32-optical path and 33-fan-shaped optical sheet;
40-a camera;
50-refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit, 51-heat exchange tube, 52-temperature controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
On the contrary, this application is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and alternatives that may be included within the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims. Furthermore, in the following detailed description of the present application, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present application may be practiced without these specific details.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure provides an optical matching calibration method for measuring a flow field inside a complex structure, including:
step S1, manufacturing a transparent model with a complex structure and a set proportion, wherein a cavity for containing refractive index matching fluid is arranged in the transparent model, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and the refractive index matching fluid with the refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
step S2, providing a surface light source to one side of the transparent model, and introducing a refractive index matching fluid into the transparent model to obtain an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source;
s3, calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid by using a formula (1) for the internal image obtained in the step S2, if the refractive index matching degree does not reach a set value of the refractive index matching degree, executing a step S4 until the refractive index matching degree reaches the set value of the refractive index matching degree, and finishing calibration; the formula (1) is:
in the formula, s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid; n and M are the total column number and the total row number of pixels included in the internal image obtained in step S2, respectively; i isijThe gray values of the jth row and ith column pixels in the internal image obtained in the step S2;
the gray-scale average value of the internal image acquired in step S2;
step S4, adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the transparent model, and returning to step S2.
In some embodiments, a component for refracting the incident light source is disposed in the cavity of the transparent model with a complex structure, and the component is disposed according to the simulated complex structure, such as an impeller, a valve, and the like, and is made of the same transparent material as that used in the transparent model.
In some embodiments, the area light source provided to one side of the transparent model adopts a fan-shaped light source, and can illuminate a designated area inside the transparent model.
In some embodiments, the internal image of the transparent model is obtained from the other side of the transparent model perpendicular to the plane of the surface light source.
In some embodiments, the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid is calculated by adopting a calculation mode given by formula (1), so that the refractive index matching can be achieved in an experimental in-situ manner to prevent image distortion caused by refractive index errors caused by changes of temperature, concentration and the like in the configuration and filling processes. The specific principle is as follows: the standard deviation of the pixel value of the image can be calculated through the formula (1), when the refractive indexes of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid are not matched, the surface light source can be refracted and reflected at a solid-liquid interface, a bright band is formed in the image, the gray value is obviously higher than the average gray value, therefore, the value s calculated by using the formula (1) can be increased, when the refractive indexes are completely consistent, the solid-liquid interface can not be refracted and reflected, the gray values of all pixels in the image are close to the average gray value, at the moment, s is close to 0, and therefore, the smaller s indicates that the refractive index matching degree is higher.
In some embodiments, the index matching setting is determined based on the average grayscale value of the internal image and the allowable image brightness difference, e.g., set to
I.e. the image error caused by the refractive index error is controlled within 10% of the average gray scale.
In some embodiments, step S4 includes the steps of:
if the refractive index matching degree does not meet the requirement, observing the distribution of a solid-liquid interface bright band in the image, if the bright band is positioned on one side of the solid, indicating that the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid is lower than that of the solid, and at the moment, reducing the temperature or the concentration of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity, and improving the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid; if the bright band is on one side of the liquid, the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid is higher than that of the solid, and at the moment, the temperature or the concentration of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity needs to be increased, so that the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid is reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, an embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure provides an optical matching calibration apparatus for measuring a flow field inside a complex structure, including:
the method comprises the following steps that a transparent model 10 with a complex structure is provided, a cavity 11 for containing refractive index matching fluid is arranged in the transparent model 10, at least one solid part 111 for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity 11, and the refractive index matching fluid with the refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
an index matching fluid pumping unit 20 for pumping an index matching fluid to the cavity 11;
a surface light source 30 positioned at one side of the transparent mold 10;
a camera 40 for acquiring an internal image of the transparent model through which the refractive index matching fluid is passed, which is illuminated by the surface light source 30;
the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit 50 is used for adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the transparent model cavity 11; and
and a controller (not shown in the figure) for calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid according to the formula (1), and if the refractive index matching degree does not reach the refractive index matching degree set value, controlling the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit 50 to adjust the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the transparent model cavity 11 until the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid calculated according to the formula (1) reaches the refractive index matching degree set value.
In some embodiments, the refractive index matching fluid pumping unit 20 includes a pipe 21, an outlet end of the pipe 21 is communicated with an inlet end of the cavity 11 of the transparent mold 10, an inlet end of the pipe 21 is communicated with an outlet end of the cavity 11 of the transparent mold 10, and a driving pump 22 is disposed on the pipe 21 and is used for introducing the refractive index matching fluid into the cavity 11 through the pipe 21.
In some embodiments, the surface light source 30 includes a laser 31 and a sheet light path 32, which are arranged on one side of the transparent mold 5 with a complex structure and are arranged coaxially, a point light source emitted by the laser 31 passes through the sheet light path 32 to generate a fan-shaped sheet light 33, and the fan-shaped sheet light 33 penetrates through the transparent mold 10 with a complex structure to enter the cavity 11 and is refracted through the solid component 111 in the cavity 11.
In some embodiments, the camera 40 is an industrial camera, and is installed on the other side of the transparent model 10 perpendicular to the plane of the sheet light path 32, and is used for acquiring the internal image of the transparent model 10 illuminated by the fan-shaped sheet light 33 as a two-dimensional image.
In some embodiments, the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit 50 includes a heat exchanging pipe 51 installed inside the pipe 21, and a temperature controller 52 connected to the heat exchanging pipe 51, wherein cooling water is filled inside the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit 50 and circulates continuously (the cooling water circulates only inside the heat exchanging pipe and the temperature controller, and takes away or increases heat of refractive index matching), and the controller controls and adjusts the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity 11. Specifically, after a certain temperature is set on the temperature controller 52, if the set temperature is lower than the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid, the cooling function inside the temperature controller 52 is started, the temperature of the cooling water entering the heat exchange tube 51 is reduced, a part of heat of the refractive index matching fluid bypassing the heat exchange tube is taken away by the cooling water inside the heat exchange tube 51, the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid is the same as the set temperature after a period of time, if the set temperature is higher than the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid, the heating function inside the temperature controller 52 is started, the temperature of the cooling water entering the heat exchange tube 51 is increased, the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid bypassing the heat exchange tube is increased, and the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid is the same as the set temperature after a period of time.
The following description describes a process for eliminating image distortion caused by refractive index difference in an image measurement process by using an optical matching calibration device for an internal flow field of a complex structure provided by an embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure, including the following steps:
1) turning on the drive pump 22, laser 31 and industrial camera;
2) an industrial camera is used for shooting an image of the inside of the transparent model 10 with a complex structure, which is illuminated by the fan-shaped sheet light 33, and the refractive index matching degree s of the transparent model 10 and the refractive index matching fluid is calculated for the image by using the formula (1);
3) if the index matching degree s does not satisfy the requirement, that is:
the temperature controller 52 in the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit 50 is turned on, the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity 11 of the transparent model 10 is adjusted, after the temperature is stabilized, the industrial camera is used again to shoot the image of the interior of the transparent model 10 illuminated by the fan-shaped sheet light 33, the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model 10 and the refractive index matching fluid is calculated by using the formula (1) for the image until the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model 10 and the refractive index matching fluid meets the requirement, and the calibration is completed.
After the calibration is finished, an image measuring instrument used for subsequent experiments is erected to measure the internal flow field of the transparent model 10 with a complex structure.
The present disclosure is illustrated by the following experiment of measuring the internal flow field of the condenser of a nuclear reactorThe detailed experimental procedures of (a) are illustrated. In this embodiment, the driving pump 22 is a stainless steel centrifugal pump ISG-50-I60 produced by Kaiquan in Shanghai, the diameter of the pipeline 21 is 50mm, the refractive index matching fluid is NaI aqueous solution, the heat exchange tube 51 is a copper tube with the diameter of 5mm, the temperature controller 52 is an HG800 variable-frequency water chiller produced by Baeby machinery (Shanghai), the transparent model 10 with a complex structure is a nuclear reactor condenser processed by organic glass, the laser 31 is a white-532-13W type continuous laser produced by Beijing radium-Zhiwei photoelectric technology, the sheet light path 32 is a Bowell prism, the camera 40 adopts Mars (MARS) family MARS-U3 series digital cameras, 1230 ten thousand pixels and a USB3.0 data transmission interface, and an image sequence is acquired by Galaxy Windows SDK matched with a high-speed video camera. The lens of the industrial camera is Nikang 50mmf/1.8D, 135mm full picture standard, the aperture range is F1.8-22, the focusing mode is AF automatic focusing, the nearest focusing distance is 0.45m, and the exposure time is 24 mu s-1 s. In this embodiment, when the temperature is controlled to 35 ℃ by the temperature controller 52, the refractive index matching degree of the refractive index matching fluid and the transparent model 10 with a complex structure is 3, which is smaller than the average value of the gray scales of the whole picture
0.1 times, the obtained image can be used for internal flow field measurement of the transparent model 10 of a subsequent complex structure.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An optical matching calibration method for measuring an internal flow field of a complex structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a transparent model with a complex structure, wherein a cavity for containing refractive index matching fluid is arranged in the transparent model, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and the refractive index matching fluid with the refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
step S2, providing a surface light source to one side of the transparent model, and introducing a refractive index matching fluid into the cavity to obtain an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source;
s3, calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid by using a formula (1) for the internal image obtained in the step S2, if the refractive index matching degree does not reach a set value of the refractive index matching degree, executing a step S4 until the refractive index matching degree reaches the set value of the refractive index matching degree, and finishing calibration; the formula (1) is:
wherein s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid; n and M are the total column number and the total row number of pixels included in the internal image obtained in step S2, respectively; i isijThe gray values of the j-th row and i-th column pixels in the internal image obtained in the step S2;
the gray-scale average value of the internal image acquired in step S2;
and step S4, adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the transparent model, and returning to the step S2.
2. The optical matching calibration method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the internal image of the transparent model is obtained from the other side of the transparent model perpendicular to the plane of the surface light source.
3. The optical matching calibration method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the refractive index matching degree setting value is determined according to a gray scale average value of the internal image and an allowable image brightness difference.
4. The optical matching calibration method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the refractive index matching degree set value is set to
5. The optical matching calibration method according to claim 1, wherein step S4 includes:
observing the distribution of the solid-liquid interface bright band in the internal image, if the bright band is on one side of the solid, reducing the temperature or concentration of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity, and returning to the step S2; if the bright band is on one side of the liquid, the temperature or concentration of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity is increased, and the step S2 is returned.
6. An optical matching calibration device for measuring a flow field in a complex structure is characterized by comprising:
the method comprises the following steps that a transparent model with a complex structure is provided with a cavity for containing refractive index matching fluid, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and the refractive index matching fluid with the refractive index similar to that of a material for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
the refractive index matching fluid pumping unit is used for pumping the refractive index matching fluid to the cavity;
the surface light source is positioned on one side of the transparent model;
a camera for acquiring an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source and filled with the refractive index matching fluid;
the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit is used for adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity; and
the controller is used for calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the transparent model according to the formula (1), and controlling the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit to adjust the refractive index of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity if the refractive index matching degree does not reach a set value of the refractive index matching degree until the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid calculated according to the formula (1) reaches the set value of the refractive index matching degree; the formula (1) is:
wherein s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching fluid; n and M are the total pixel column number and the total pixel row number contained in the obtained internal image respectively; i isijObtaining gray values of jth row and ith column pixels in the internal image;
the gray level average value of the acquired internal image is obtained.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the refractive index matching fluid pumping unit comprises a pipe, an outlet end of the pipe is communicated with an inlet end of the cavity, and a driving pump is disposed on the pipe.
8. The optical matching calibration apparatus of claim 6, wherein said surface light source comprises a laser and a sheet light path arranged coaxially and mounted on one side of said transparent mold.
9. The optical matching calibration apparatus of claim 8, wherein said camera is mounted on the other side of said transparent mold perpendicular to the plane of the optical path of said sheet of light.
10. The optical matching calibration device according to claim 7, wherein the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit comprises a heat exchange tube installed inside the pipeline and a temperature controller connected with the heat exchange tube, cooling water is filled inside the heat exchange tube and the temperature controller and circulates uninterruptedly, and the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity is controlled and adjusted by the controller.
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| CN110687074A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-01-14 | 华中科技大学 | Wavefront sensor-based optical part uniformity detection device and method |
| CN112782120A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-05-11 | 清华大学 | Method and device for measuring refractive index of transparent solid with convex cambered surface |
| CN113252603A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-13 | 清华大学 | Optimal refractive index measurement method of multilayer transparent ball bed |
| CN113310661A (en) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-08-27 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Circulating water tank experimental device for realizing flow field refractive index matching flow |
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