CN114739627B - Optical matching calibration method and device for internal flow field of complex structure - Google Patents
Optical matching calibration method and device for internal flow field of complex structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114739627B CN114739627B CN202210257346.4A CN202210257346A CN114739627B CN 114739627 B CN114739627 B CN 114739627B CN 202210257346 A CN202210257346 A CN 202210257346A CN 114739627 B CN114739627 B CN 114739627B
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Abstract
The optical matching calibration method and device for measuring the internal flow field of the complex structure provided by the disclosure comprise the following steps: manufacturing a transparent model with a complex structure; providing a surface light source on one side of the transparent model, and introducing an index matching liquid into the inner cavity of the transparent model, wherein the index of refraction of the index matching liquid is similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model, so as to obtain an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source; and using the standard deviation of the image pixel value as the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid for the acquired internal image, and if the refractive index matching degree does not reach the refractive index matching degree set value, adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid until the refractive index matching degree reaches the refractive index matching degree set value, and ending the calibration. The method can enable the refractive index of the complex structure processed by the fluid and the refractive index of the complex structure processed by the transparent material to be completely matched so as to eliminate image distortion when the internal flow field of the complex structure is measured by an optical method, and provides a basis for optical measurement of the internal flow field of the complex structure.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the disclosure relates to the technical field of measurement of an internal flow field of a complex structure, in particular to an optical matching calibration method and device of the internal flow field of the complex structure.
Background
For optical measurement of internal flow fields of complex structures, a major concern in the field of fluid engineering has been raised. At present, a commonly used complex structure internal flow field experiment generally adopts a transparent material to construct a complex structure model, then fluid is introduced into the complex structure, and a high-speed photography method is used for observing the structure internal flow field. In the method, as the refractive index of the transparent material is generally different from that of the fluid, the light rays can have refractive problems when passing through a complex transparent material structure, and finally distorted images are displayed in a camera, so that a real internal flow field cannot be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure aims to solve, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the optical matching calibration method for the internal flow field of the complex structure provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure solves the problem of image distortion encountered when the internal flow field is measured by using the image measurement technology, and is beneficial to observing accurate flow field data in the complex structure. The optical matching calibration method provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure includes:
s1, manufacturing a transparent model with a complex structure, wherein a cavity for accommodating refractive index matching liquid is arranged in the transparent model, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and refractive index matching liquid with refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
s2, providing a surface light source to one side of the transparent model, and introducing an index matching liquid into the cavity to obtain an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source;
s3, calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid by using a formula (1) for the internal image obtained in the step S2, and executing the step S4 if the refractive index matching degree does not reach a refractive index matching degree set value until the refractive index matching degree reaches the refractive index matching degree set value, and ending the calibration; the formula (1) is:
wherein s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid; n and M are the total number of columns and the total number of rows of pixels contained in the internal image obtained in the step S2 respectively; i ij The gray values of the pixels of the j-th row and the i-th column in the internal image acquired in the step S2;acquired for step S2A gray average value of the internal image;
and S4, adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the transparent model, and returning to the step S2.
The optical matching calibration method for the internal flow field of the complex structure provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
according to the optical matching calibration method for the internal flow field of the complex structure, which is provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the disclosure, the refractive index matching degree of the refractive index matching liquid and the refractive index matching degree of the complex structure can be measured in situ at the same time, so that the image quality in the image measurement method cannot be affected by refraction of a fluid working medium and a complex structure interface, the measurement error of the internal flow field of the complex structure caused by image distortion due to different refractive indexes of the fluid working medium and the complex structure can be thoroughly eliminated, the guarantee is provided for accurate measurement of the internal flow field of the complex structure, and the optical matching calibration method has important popularization value in the aspect of relevant fluid engineering experimental research.
In some embodiments, in step S2, the internal image of the transparent model is obtained from the other side of the transparent model perpendicular to the plane of the surface light source.
In some embodiments, in step S3, the index matching degree setting value is determined according to a gray average value of the internal image and an allowable image brightness difference.
In some embodiments, the index matching degree setting value is set to
In some embodiments, step S4 comprises:
observing the distribution of the solid-liquid interface light bands in the internal image, if the light bands are on one solid side, reducing the temperature or concentration of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity, and returning to the step S2; if the bright band is on the liquid side, the temperature or concentration of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity is increased, and the step S2 is returned.
An embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure provides an optical matching calibration device, including:
the transparent model with the complex structure is internally provided with a cavity for containing the refractive index matching liquid, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and the refractive index matching liquid with the refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
an index matching liquid pumping unit for pumping an index matching liquid to the cavity;
the surface light source is positioned at one side of the transparent model;
a camera for acquiring an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source and having the refractive index matching liquid passed therethrough;
the refractive index matching liquid adjusting unit is used for adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity; and
the controller is used for calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the transparent model according to the formula (1), and controlling the refractive index matching liquid adjusting unit to adjust the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity if the refractive index matching degree does not reach the refractive index matching degree set value until the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid calculated according to the formula (1) reaches the refractive index matching degree set value; the formula (1) is:
wherein s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid; n and M are the total number of columns and the total number of rows of pixels contained in the acquired internal image respectively; i ij The gray values of the pixels of the jth row and the ith column in the acquired internal image are obtained;and (5) obtaining a gray average value of the internal image.
In some embodiments, the index matching fluid pumping unit comprises a conduit having an outlet end in communication with an inlet end of the cavity, and a drive pump disposed on the conduit.
In some embodiments, the surface light source comprises a laser and a sheet light path which are arranged on one side of the transparent model and are arranged in a common optical axis.
In some embodiments, the camera is mounted on the other side of the transparent model perpendicular to the plane in which the sheet light path lies.
In some embodiments, the refractive index matching liquid adjusting unit comprises a heat exchange tube arranged in the pipeline, a temperature controller connected with the heat exchange tube, cooling water filled in the heat exchange tube and the temperature controller and continuously circulated, and the temperature of the refractive index matching liquid filled in the cavity is controlled and adjusted by the controller.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an optical matching calibration method for an internal flow field of a complex structure according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical matching calibration apparatus for a complex structured internal flow field provided in accordance with an embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure;
in the figure:
10-transparent model, 11-cavity, 111-solid component;
20-an index matching liquid pumping unit, 21-a pipeline and 22-a driving pump;
30-area light source, 31-laser, 32-light path, 33-fan-shaped light;
40-a camera;
50-an index matching liquid adjusting unit, 51-a heat exchange tube and 52-a temperature controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the present application.
On the contrary, the application is intended to cover any alternatives, modifications, equivalents, and variations as may be included within the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims. Further, in the following detailed description of the present application, specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present application. The present application will be fully understood by those skilled in the art without a description of these details.
Referring to fig. 1, an optical matching calibration method for complex structure internal flow field measurement according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present disclosure includes:
s1, manufacturing a transparent model with a complex structure and a set proportion, wherein a cavity for accommodating refractive index matching liquid is arranged in the transparent model, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and refractive index matching liquid with refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
s2, providing a surface light source to one side of the transparent model, and introducing an index matching liquid into the transparent model to obtain an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source;
s3, calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid by using a formula (1) for the internal image obtained in the step S2, and if the refractive index matching degree does not reach the refractive index matching degree set value, executing the step S4 until the refractive index matching degree reaches the refractive index matching degree set value, and ending the calibration; the formula (1) is:
wherein s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid; n and M are the total number of columns and the total number of rows of pixels contained in the internal image obtained in the step S2 respectively; i ij The gray values of the pixels of the j-th row and the i-th column in the internal image obtained in the step S2;the gray average value of the internal image acquired in the step S2;
and S4, adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the transparent model, and returning to the step S2.
In some embodiments, a component for refracting the incident light source is disposed in a cavity of the transparent model with a complex structure, and the component is configured according to the complex structure, for example, may be an impeller, a valve, etc., and is made of the same material as the transparent material adopted by the transparent model.
In some embodiments, the area light source provided to one side of the transparent mold adopts a fan-shaped sheet light source, and can illuminate a designated area inside the transparent mold.
In some embodiments, the internal image of the transparent model is obtained from the other side of the transparent model perpendicular to the plane of the surface light source.
In some embodiments, the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid is calculated by adopting a calculation mode given by a formula (1), so that the refractive index matching can be achieved in situ in an experiment to prevent image distortion caused by refractive index errors caused by temperature, concentration and other changes in the configuration and filling processes. The specific principle is as follows: the standard deviation of the pixel value of the image can be calculated through the formula (1), when the refractive index of the transparent model is not matched with that of the refractive index matching liquid, refraction and reflection can occur at the solid-liquid interface of the surface light source, a bright band is formed in the image, the gray value is obviously higher than the average gray value, so that the value s calculated by the formula (1) can be increased, when the refractive index is completely consistent, the refraction and reflection can not occur at the solid-liquid interface, the gray value of all pixels in the image is close to the average gray value, at the moment, s is close to 0, and therefore, the smaller s indicates the higher the refractive index matching degree.
In some embodiments, the index matching degree setting is determined from the gray average value of the internal image and the allowable image brightness difference, e.g. set toI.e. the image error caused by the refractive index error is controlled to be within 10% of the average gray scale.
In some embodiments, step S4 comprises the steps of:
if the refractive index matching degree does not meet the requirement, observing the distribution of the solid-liquid interface light bands in the image, and if the light bands are on one solid side, indicating that the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid is lower than that of the solid, reducing the temperature or the concentration of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity at the moment, and improving the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid; if the light band is on the liquid side, it means that the refractive index of the index matching liquid is higher than that of the solid, and at this time, the temperature or concentration of the index matching liquid introduced into the cavity needs to be increased, so that the refractive index of the index matching liquid is reduced.
Referring to fig. 2, an optical matching calibration apparatus for complex structure internal flow field measurement provided in an embodiment of a second aspect of the present disclosure includes:
a transparent model 10 with a complex structure, wherein a cavity 11 for containing an index matching liquid is arranged in the transparent model 10, at least one solid component 111 for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity 11, and the index matching liquid with the refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
an index matching fluid pumping unit 20 for pumping an index matching fluid to the cavity 11;
a surface light source 30 positioned at one side of the transparent mold 10;
a camera 40 for acquiring an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source 30 and having the refractive index matching fluid passed therethrough;
an index matching fluid adjusting unit 50 for adjusting the index of refraction of the index matching fluid introduced into the transparent mold cavity 11; and
a controller (not shown in the figure) for calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid according to the formula (1), and if the refractive index matching degree does not reach the refractive index matching degree set value, controlling the refractive index matching liquid adjusting unit 50 to adjust the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the transparent model cavity 11 until the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid calculated according to the formula (1) reaches the refractive index matching degree set value.
In some embodiments, the index matching fluid pumping unit 20 includes a pipe 21, an outlet end of the pipe 21 is in communication with an inlet end of the cavity 11 of the transparent mold 10, an inlet end of the pipe 21 is in communication with an outlet end of the cavity 11 of the transparent mold 10, and a driving pump 22 is disposed on the pipe 21 for introducing the index matching fluid into the cavity 11 through the pipe 21.
In some embodiments, the surface light source 30 includes a laser 31 and a sheet light path 32 that are arranged on one side of the transparent mold 5 with a complex structure and are coaxially arranged, the point light source emitted by the laser 31 generates a fan-shaped sheet light 33 after passing through the sheet light path 32, and the fan-shaped sheet light 33 penetrates through the transparent mold 10 with a complex structure to enter the cavity 11, and is refracted through the solid component 111 in the cavity 11.
In some embodiments, camera 40 is an industrial camera mounted on the other side of transparent mold 10 perpendicular to the plane of sheet light path 32 for capturing an internal image of transparent mold 10 illuminated by fan-shaped sheet light 33 as a two-dimensional image.
In some embodiments, the index matching fluid adjusting unit 50 includes a heat exchange tube 51 installed inside the pipe 21, a temperature controller 52 connected to the heat exchange tube 51, and cooling water is filled inside the index matching fluid adjusting unit 50 and circulates continuously (the cooling water circulates only inside the heat exchange tube and the temperature controller, and takes away or increases heat of index matching), and the temperature of the index matching fluid introduced into the cavity 11 is controlled and adjusted by the controller. Specifically, after a certain temperature is set on the temperature controller 52, if the set temperature is lower than the temperature of the index matching liquid, the cooling function inside the temperature controller 52 is started, the temperature of the cooling water entering the heat exchange tube 51 is reduced, a part of heat is taken away by the cooling water inside the heat exchange tube 51 when the index matching liquid bypasses the heat exchange tube, after a period of time, the temperature of the index matching liquid is the same as the set temperature, if the set temperature is higher than the temperature of the index matching liquid, the heating function inside the temperature controller 52 is started, the temperature of the cooling water entering the heat exchange tube 51 is increased, the temperature of the index matching liquid is increased when the index matching liquid bypasses the heat exchange tube, and after a period of time, the temperature of the index matching liquid is the same as the set temperature.
The following describes a process of eliminating image distortion caused by refractive index difference in an image measurement process by using the optical matching calibration device for an internal flow field of a complex structure provided in the embodiment of the second aspect of the present disclosure, including the following steps:
1) Turning on the drive pump 22, the laser 31 and the industrial camera;
2) Taking an image of the inside of the transparent model 10 of a complex structure illuminated by the segment light 33 using an industrial camera, calculating the refractive index matching degree s of the transparent model 10 and the refractive index matching liquid using formula (1) for the image;
3) If the refractive index matching degree s does not meet the requirement, namely:the temperature controller 52 in the index matching liquid adjusting unit 50 is turned on to adjust the temperature of the index matching liquid in the cavity 11 of the transparent model 10, and after the temperature is stabilized, the industrial camera is used again to shoot an image of the inside of the transparent model 10 illuminated by the fan-shaped sheet light 33, and the index matching degree of the transparent model 10 and the index matching liquid is calculated by using the formula (1) for the image until the index matching degree of the transparent model 10 and the index matching liquid meets the requirement, and the calibration is completed.
After the calibration is finished, an image type measuring instrument required for subsequent experiments is erected to carry out internal flow field measurement of the transparent model 10 with the complex structure.
The detailed experimental procedure of the present disclosure will be described below by taking a nuclear reactor condenser internal flow field measurement experiment as an example. In this embodiment, the driving pump 22 is a stainless steel centrifugal pump ISG-50-I60 manufactured by Shanghai Kaquan, the diameter of the pipe 21 is 50mm, the refractive index matching liquid is aqueous solution of NaI, the heat exchange tube 51 is copper pipe with diameter of 5mm, the temperature controller 52 is an HG800 variable-frequency cold water machine manufactured by Shanghai limited company, the transparent model 10 with complex structure is a nuclear reactor condenser manufactured by using organic glass, the laser 31 is a Plite-532-13W type continuous laser manufactured by Beijing radium phototechnology, the sheet light path 32 is a wile prism, the camera 40 adopts MARS-U3 series digital cameras of Mars family, 1230 ten thousand pixels and USB3.0 data transmission interface, and the image sequence is acquired by high-speed camera matching software Galaxy Windows SDK. The lens of the industrial camera is Nikon 50mmf/1.8D, the full-picture standard of 135mm, the aperture range F1.8-22, the focusing mode is AF automatic focusing, the nearest focusing distance is 0.45m, and the exposure time is 24 mu s-1s. The temperature is controlled by the temperature controller 52 in the embodimentThe refractive index matching degree of the obtained refractive index matching liquid and the transparent model 10 with the complex structure is 3 when the degree is 35 degrees, and the refractive index matching degree is smaller than the gray average value of the whole pictureThe obtained image can be used for internal flow field measurements of the transparent model 10 of the subsequent complex structure.
In the description of the present specification, reference to the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the disclosure, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An optical matching calibration method for measuring an internal flow field of a complex structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, manufacturing a transparent model with a complex structure, wherein a cavity for accommodating refractive index matching liquid is arranged in the transparent model, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and refractive index matching liquid with refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
s2, providing a surface light source to one side of the transparent model, and introducing an index matching liquid into the cavity to obtain an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source;
s3, calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid by using a formula (1) for the internal image obtained in the step S2, and executing the step S4 if the refractive index matching degree does not reach a refractive index matching degree set value until the refractive index matching degree reaches the refractive index matching degree set value, and ending the calibration; the formula (1) is:
wherein s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid; n and M are the total number of columns and the total number of rows of pixels contained in the internal image obtained in the step S2 respectively; i ij The gray values of the pixels of the j-th row and the i-th column in the internal image acquired in the step S2;a gray average value of the internal image acquired in the step S2;
and S4, adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the transparent model, and returning to the step S2.
2. The optical matching method according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the internal image of the transparent model is obtained from the other side of the transparent model perpendicular to the plane of the surface light source.
3. The optical matching calibration method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the refractive index matching degree setting value is determined based on a gray average value of the internal image and an allowable image brightness difference.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the refractive index matching degree setting value is set to be
5. The optical matching calibration method according to claim 1, wherein step S4 comprises:
observing the distribution of the solid-liquid interface light bands in the internal image, if the light bands are on one solid side, reducing the temperature or concentration of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity, and returning to the step S2; if the bright band is on the liquid side, the temperature or concentration of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity is increased, and the step S2 is returned.
6. An optical matching calibration device for measuring an internal flow field of a complex structure, comprising:
the transparent model with the complex structure is internally provided with a cavity for containing the refractive index matching liquid, at least one solid component for refracting an incident light source is arranged in the cavity, and the refractive index matching liquid with the refractive index similar to that of a material used for manufacturing the transparent model is selected;
an index matching liquid pumping unit for pumping an index matching liquid to the cavity;
the surface light source is positioned at one side of the transparent model;
a camera for acquiring an internal image of the transparent model illuminated by the surface light source and having the refractive index matching liquid passed therethrough;
the refractive index matching liquid adjusting unit is used for adjusting the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity; and
the controller is used for calculating the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the transparent model according to the formula (1), and controlling the refractive index matching liquid adjusting unit to adjust the refractive index of the refractive index matching liquid introduced into the cavity if the refractive index matching degree does not reach the refractive index matching degree set value until the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid calculated according to the formula (1) reaches the refractive index matching degree set value; the formula (1) is:
wherein s is the refractive index matching degree of the transparent model and the refractive index matching liquid; n and M are the total number of columns and the total number of rows of pixels contained in the acquired internal image respectively; i ij The gray values of the pixels of the jth row and the ith column in the acquired internal image are obtained;and (5) obtaining a gray average value of the internal image.
7. The optical matching calibration apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the index matching liquid pumping unit comprises a pipe, an outlet end of the pipe being in communication with an inlet end of the cavity, and a drive pump being provided on the pipe.
8. The optical matching device according to claim 6, wherein the surface light source includes a laser and a sheet light path which are arranged on a side of the transparent mold and on a common optical axis.
9. The optical matching calibration apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the camera is mounted on the other side of the transparent model perpendicular to the plane in which the sheet light path lies.
10. The optical matching calibration apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the refractive index matching fluid adjusting unit comprises a heat exchange tube installed inside the pipe, a temperature controller connected to the heat exchange tube, cooling water filled inside the heat exchange tube and the temperature controller and continuously circulated, and the temperature of the refractive index matching fluid introduced into the cavity is controlled by the controller.
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