CN114724793A - 一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及软磁材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材及其制备方法。本发明提供一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,所述软磁合金带材化学成分表达式为Fe(100‑a‑b‑c‑d‑e)SiaBbNbcPdCue,式中a,b,c,d,e依次表示Si、B、Nb、P、Cu的原子百分比,并满足下列条件:3≤a≤4,7≤b≤9,2≤c≤3,0.5≤d≤1,e=1。本发明的软磁合金带材具有高韧性的同时能够兼顾电磁性能,软磁合金带材在卷绕铁芯过程中不易折断,极大地提高了卷绕铁芯的生产效率和自动化程度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及软磁材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材的制备方法。
背景技术
软磁材料是一种磁性功能材料,具有高饱和磁化强度、高磁导率、低矫顽力等特点,广泛应用于电力电子工业中。软磁材料主要有三类:金属软磁材料,软磁复合材料,铁氧体。金属软磁材料的综合磁性能较好,电阻率较低,一般适用于低频场合;铁氧体是一种亚铁磁性物质,饱和磁感应强度较低,应用时一般体积较大,但是铁氧体电阻率很高,可以适用于高频场合;软磁复合材料具有比金属软磁材料高的电阻率,比铁氧体高的饱和磁感应强度,可以应用在较高的频率,同时能满足小型化的发展需求。
纳米晶软磁合金材料因其具有较高的饱和磁感应强度、高磁导率低损耗、温度稳定性好等优点得到了广泛地应用。例如,纳米晶软磁合金材料可以制备为带材,然后卷绕成各种规格的铁芯制成各类电感元器件应用到各电子领域。卷绕铁芯有人工卷绕和使用自动卷绕机卷绕两种形式,然而纳米晶软磁合金带材由于厚度较薄易脆断在卷绕铁芯过程中带材容易折断,严重影响了生产效率和自动化程度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材及其制备方法。本发明的软磁合金带材具有高韧性的同时能够兼顾电磁性能,软磁合金带材在卷绕铁芯过程中不易折断,极大地提高了卷绕铁芯的生产效率和自动化程度。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明提供一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,所述软磁合金带材化学成分表达式为Fe(100-a-b-c-d-e)SiaBbNbcPdCue,式中a,b,c,d,e依次表示Si、B、Nb、P、Cu的原子百分比,并满足下列条件:3≤a≤4,7≤b≤9,2≤c≤3,0.5≤d≤1,e=1。
本发明通过调整软磁合金带材的化学成分和制备方法来提高其韧性,本发明添加的Fe含量范围在82-86.5%,Fe含量较高,使得纳米晶的饱和磁化强度较高,添加的Si和P提高了合金非晶形成能力,添加少量的Nb和Cu的同时严格控制B含量使软磁合金带材具有高韧性的同时兼顾电磁性能,软磁合金带材的弯曲半径可以控制为0.5cm,进而利用自动卷绕机卷绕软磁合金带材时不易折断,极大提高了铁芯卷绕效率和自动化程度,保证了产品的一致性。
进一步地,所述软磁合金带材的化学成分表达式为Fe(100-a-b-c-d-e)SiaBbNbcPdCue,式中a,b,c,d,e依次表示Si、B、Nb、P、Cu的原子百分比,并满足下列条件:3≤a≤4,8≤b≤9,2.8≤c≤3,0.5≤d≤1,e=1。
进一步地,所述软磁合金带材的弯曲半径R小于0.5cm。
进一步地,所述软磁合金带材的饱和磁化强度为1.65-1.70T。
本发明还提供上述高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.配料
将Fe、Si、B、Nb、P、Cu按照原子百分比含量进行配料;
S2.熔炼
将步骤S1配好的原料放入中频真空感应炉熔炼,得到合金熔液,熔炼温度1400-1600℃,真空度0.2-1Pa,熔炼时间2-4h,将所述合金熔液浇至带有冷却装置的旋转浇铸盘内形成合金铸锭,所述冷却装置内的循环水压为0.1-0.2MP;
S3.二次熔炼
将所述合金铸锭放进喷带机上的坩埚内进行二次熔炼得到钢水,熔炼温度1000-1300℃,熔炼时间40-60min;
S4.制备软磁合金带材。
进一步地,步骤S4具体为,将所述钢水通过浇道倒入预热的中间包内,所述中间包预热温度不低于所述钢水的温度,所述钢水由中间包底部的喷嘴喷到装有急冷装置并高速旋转的铜辊上制成纳米晶软磁合金带材。
进一步地,所述纳米晶软磁合金带材的厚度为18-22μm,宽度为2-70mm。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明通过调整软磁合金带材的化学成分和制备方法来提高其韧性,使软磁合金带材具有高韧性的同时兼顾电磁性能。
(2)本发明的软磁合金带材韧性高,其弯曲半径可以控制为0.5cm,进而利用自动卷绕机卷绕软磁合金带材时不易折断,极大提高了铁芯卷绕效率和自动化程度,保证了产品的一致性。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施方式,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,所述软磁合金带材的化学式成分表达式为Fe82Si4B9Nb3P1Cu1。
上述软磁合金带材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1.配料
按照原子百分比含量82%Fe、4%Si、9%B、3%Nb、1%P、1%Cu进行配料;
S2.熔炼
将配好的原料放入中频真空感应炉熔炼,得到合金熔液,熔炼温度1500℃,真空度0.2Pa,熔炼时间2h,将所述合金熔液浇至带有冷却装置的旋转浇铸盘内形成合金铸锭,所述冷却装置内的循环水压为0.15MP;
S3.二次熔炼
将所述合金铸锭放进喷带机上的坩埚内进行二次熔炼得到钢水,熔炼温度1200℃,熔炼时间50min;
S4.制备软磁合金带材
将所述钢水通过浇道倒入预热的中间包内,所述中间包预热温度不低于所述钢水的温度,所述钢水由中间包底部的喷嘴喷到装有急冷装置并高速旋转的铜辊上制成纳米晶软磁合金带材,所制成的带材的厚度为18μm,宽度为2mm。
实施例2
一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,所述软磁合金带材的化学式成分表达式为Fe84.2Si3B8Nb2.8P1Cu1。
上述软磁合金带材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1.配料
按照原子百分比含量84.2%Fe、3%Si、8%B、2.8%Nb、1%P、1%Cu进行配料;
S2.熔炼
将配好的原料放入中频真空感应炉熔炼,得到合金熔液,熔炼温度1500℃,真空度0.4Pa,熔炼时间3h,将所述合金熔液浇至带有冷却装置的旋转浇铸盘内形成合金铸锭,所述冷却装置内的循环水压为0.1MP;
S3.二次熔炼
将所述合金铸锭放进喷带机上的坩埚内进行二次熔炼得到钢水,熔炼温度1000℃,熔炼时间60min;
S4.制备软磁合金带材
将所述钢水通过浇道倒入预热的中间包内,所述中间包预热温度不低于所述钢水的温度,所述钢水由中间包底部的喷嘴喷到装有急冷装置并高速旋转的铜辊上制成纳米晶软磁合金带材,所制成的带材的厚度为19μm,宽度为20mm。
实施例3
一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,所述软磁合金带材的化学成分表达式为Fe85Si3.2B8Nb2P0.8Cu1。
上述软磁合金带材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1.配料
按照原子百分比含量85%Fe、3.2%Si、8%B、2%Nb、0.8%P、1%Cu进行配料;
S2.熔炼
将配好的原料放入中频真空感应炉熔炼,得到合金熔液,熔炼温度1500℃,真空度0.6Pa,熔炼时间3h,将所述合金熔液浇至带有冷却装置的旋转浇铸盘内形成合金铸锭,所述冷却装置内的循环水压为0.1MP;
S3.二次熔炼
将所述合金铸锭放进喷带机上的坩埚内进行二次熔炼得到钢水,熔炼温度1200℃,熔炼时间45min;
S4.制备软磁合金带材
将所述钢水通过浇道倒入预热的中间包内,所述中间包预热温度不低于所述钢水的温度,所述钢水由中间包底部的喷嘴喷到装有急冷装置并高速旋转的铜辊上制成纳米晶软磁合金带材,所制成的带材的厚度为20μm,宽度为50mm。
实施例4
一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,所述软磁合金带材的化学成分表达式为Fe86.5Si3B7Nb2P0.5Cu1。
上述软磁合金带材的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1.配料
按照原子百分比含量86.5%Fe、3%Si、7%B、2%Nb、0.5%P、1%Cu进行配料;
S2.熔炼
将配好的原料放入中频真空感应炉熔炼,得到合金熔液,熔炼温度1500℃,真空度1Pa,熔炼时间4h,将所述合金熔液浇至带有冷却装置的旋转浇铸盘内形成合金铸锭,所述冷却装置内的循环水压为0.2MP;
S3.二次熔炼
将所述合金铸锭放进喷带机上的坩埚内进行二次熔炼得到钢水,熔炼温度1300℃,熔炼时间40min;
S4.制备软磁合金带材
将所述钢水通过浇道倒入预热的中间包内,所述中间包预热温度不低于所述钢水的温度,所述钢水由中间包底部的喷嘴喷到装有急冷装置并高速旋转的铜辊上制成纳米晶软磁合金带材,所制成的带材的厚度为22μm,宽度为70mm。
对比例1
具体同实施例1,所不同的是:软磁合金带材的化学成分表达式为Fe81Si4B9Nb3P1Cu2;
上述软磁合金带材的制备方法步骤S1中,按照原子百分比含量81%Fe、4%Si、9%B、3%Nb、1%P、2%Cu进行配料。
对比例2
具体同实施例1,所不同的是:软磁合金带材的化学成分表达式为Fe87Si1B9.5Nb1P0.5Cu1;
上述软磁合金带材的制备方法步骤S1中,按照原子百分比含量87%Fe、1%Si、9.5%B、1%Nb、0.5%P、1%Cu进行配料。
对比例3
具体同实施例1,所不同的是:软磁合金带材的化学成分表达式为Fe83Si5B6Nb4P0.2Cu1.8;
上述软磁合金带材的制备方法步骤S1中,按照原子百分比含量83%Fe、5%Si、6%B、4%Nb、0.2%P、1.8%Cu进行配料。
对比例4
具体同实施例1,所不同的是:软磁合金带材的化学成分表达式为Fe84Si5B5.5Nb3P1.5Cu1;
上述软磁合金带材的制备方法步骤S1中,按照原子百分比含量84%Fe、5%Si、5.5%B、3%Nb、1.5%P、1%Cu进行配料。
试验例1电磁性能测试
对实施例1-4和对比例1-4制备的软磁合金带材进行饱和磁感应强度、最大磁导率、矫顽力和磁损耗测试,具体结果如表1所示。
表1软磁合金带材的电磁性能和韧性
由表1数据可知,与对比例1-4制备的软磁合金带材相比,实施例1-4制备的软磁合金带材具有较高的饱和磁感应强度和最大磁导率,且矫顽力和磁损耗较低,表明实施例1-4制备的软磁合金带材具有优异的电磁性能。
试验例2韧性和弯曲度测试
韧性的测试方法具体为,将软磁合金带材对折后通过0.5mm或1.5mm的狭缝,软磁合金带材通过狭缝不发生断裂即为合格,若断裂即为不合格。
采用另一韧性测试方法对实施例1-4和对比例1-4制备的软磁合金带材的韧性进行测试:将厚度为t的软磁合金带材垂直放置于两个平行板之间,缩短平行板之间的间距d直至软磁合金带材完全对折,软磁合金带材的韧性表示为ε=t/(d-t),若0<ε≤t,该软磁合金带材为脆断性质,若ε=1,表示该软磁合金带材对折180°不断,具有较好的韧性。测试实施例1-4和对比例1-4制备的软磁合金带材的弯曲度,其弯曲度由热处理后软磁合金带材的弯曲半径R(cm)表示。具体结果见表2。
表2软磁合金带材的韧性和弯曲度测试
由表2数据可知,对比例1-4制备的软磁合金带材对折后通过0.5mm狭缝不发生断裂,然而通过1.5mm狭缝时发生断裂,实施例1-4制备的软磁合金带材对折后通过0.5mm和1.5mm狭缝均不发生断裂,且实施例1-4制备的软磁合金带材的韧性ε为1,弯曲半径R小于0.5cm,与对比例1-4相比,实施例1-4制备的软磁合金带材具有更高的韧性和更小的弯曲半径。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点,对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (7)
1.一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,其特征在于,所述软磁合金带材的化学成分表达式为Fe(100-a-b-c-d-e)SiaBbNbcPdCue,式中a,b,c,d,e依次表示Si、B、Nb、P、Cu的原子百分比,并满足下列条件:3≤a≤4,7≤b≤9,2≤c≤3,0.5≤d≤1,e=1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,其特征在于,所述软磁合金带材的化学成分表达式为Fe(100-a-b-c-d-e)SiaBbNbcPdCue,式中a,b,c,d,e依次表示Si、B、Nb、P、Cu的原子百分比,并满足下列条件:3≤a≤4,8≤b≤9,2.8≤c≤3,0.5≤d≤1,e=1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,其特征在于,所述软磁合金带材的弯曲半径R小于0.5cm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材,其特征在于,所述软磁合金带材的饱和磁化强度为1.65-1.70T。
5.如权利要求1-4任一所述的高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.配料
S2.熔炼
将步骤S1配好的原料放入中频真空感应炉熔炼,得到合金熔液,熔炼温度1400-1600℃,真空度0.2-1Pa,熔炼时间2-4h,将所述合金熔液浇至带有冷却装置的旋转浇铸盘内形成合金铸锭,所述冷却装置内的循环水压为0.1-0.2MP;
S3.二次熔炼
将所述合金铸锭放进喷带机上的坩埚内进行二次熔炼得到钢水,熔炼温度1000-1300℃,熔炼时间40-60min;
S4.制备软磁合金带材。
6.根据权利要求5所述的高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材的制备方法,其特征在于,所述软磁合金带材的厚度为18-22μm,宽度为2-70mm。
7.根据权利要求5所述的高韧性纳米晶软磁合金带材的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4具体为,将步骤S3中所述钢水通过浇道倒入预热的中间包内,所述中间包预热温度不低于所述钢水的温度,所述钢水由中间包底部的喷嘴喷到装有急冷装置并高速旋转的铜辊上制成软磁合金带材。
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