CN114720683A - 一种用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,包括:将二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液与四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散液混合;以混合分散液作为分散相流体,以二甲基氟化硅油作为连续相流体,通过微流控技术制备液滴,并在磁场中发生相分离,得到磁性Janus微载体;将磁性Janus微载体表面修饰探针分子,用以结合膀胱癌外泌体标志物。本发明集光子晶体的多元编码及定向磁控效应于一体,具有制备重复性良好,成本低等优点;将其应用于肿瘤来源外泌体的定量分析,除具有液相芯片所具有的编码灵活度高与稳定性好的普遍优势之外,灵敏度高、特异性好的编码及检测性能亦是该微载体重要的应用优点。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于生物医学材料技术领域,具体涉及一种用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法及应用。
背景技术:
膀胱癌是泌尿系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,在其诊治研究中,经典的检查项目有其自身的优点,亦存在明显的缺点。因此,可靠的检测方案值得被我们积极探索。尿液外泌体由泌尿系统中各种细胞分泌的胞外囊泡释放至尿液中,并携带与其来源细胞相关的蛋白质、脂类、DNA、mRNA和miRNA。这些遗传信息能够反映细胞的信号变化,在肿瘤的发生及发展过程中起着重要的调控作用,是重要的膀胱肿瘤标志物。
目前,实验室外泌体分离法主要基于其非特异性的理化性质,如粒径、密度、表面电荷,实验操作步骤繁琐、特异性差,在一定程度上影响外泌体的回收率和纯度。免疫捕获技术被认为是迄今唯一可用于特异性外泌体捕获或的技术,尚存在单次检测仅针对单个生物标志物的问题,且检测成本高,通量低,难以满足临床诊疗的需求。基于此,本发明提出一种用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法及应用以解决上述问题。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法及应用,所得到的磁性Janus微载体具有编码稳定、高通量、高灵敏度及特异性良好的优点,集合了光子晶体的多元编码效应与磁控效应,双向提升了检测平台的性能,实现膀胱癌外泌体的多元分析。
本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液与四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散液混合,经过振荡混匀和超声分散,配制为混合分散液;
S2、以混合分散液作为分散相流体,以二甲基氟化硅油作为连续相流体,通过微流控技术制备液滴,将生成的液滴收集于甲基硅氧烷油中,随后将液滴置于磁场中发生相分离,得到磁性Janus微载体;四氧化三铁粒子沉积使微载体下部呈现黑色,微载体上部为二氧化硅粒子随溶剂蒸发而自组装形成的周期性有序结构;
S3、将S2所制备的磁性Janus微载体表面修饰探针分子,基于双抗体夹心原理,用于膀胱癌外泌体的编码分析。
进一步的,S1中,二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液中,二氧化硅纳米粒子的浓度为20wt%~40wt%;四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散液中,四氧化三铁纳米粒子的浓度为20wt%~40wt%。
进一步的,二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液与四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散液混合体积比为1:1。
进一步的,S1中,所述二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液中,二氧化硅纳米粒子的粒径为226nm,237nm、247nm中的一种,不同粒径的纳米粒子具有不同的反射峰波长而作为多元编码元素。
进一步的,S2中,所述二甲基氟化硅油粘度为50cSt,甲基硅氧烷油粘度为500cSt。
进一步的,S3中,磁性Janus微载体表面修饰探针分子的方法为:将磁性Janus微载体进行APTES氨基化、琥珀酸酐羧化反应,在MES缓冲液(pH=5.9)中,经NHS、EDC活化酰胺反应,将探针偶联至微载体表面,其中,探针的浓度为0.01mg/mL。
进一步的,S3中,膀胱癌外泌体的标志物选自外泌体通用标志物CD63及获FDA批准应用于临床的膀胱肿瘤标志物的膀胱肿瘤抗原BTA、尿核基质蛋白NMP22;所述探针分子包括抗CD63抗体、抗BTA抗体及抗NMP22抗体,用以结合膀胱癌外泌体标志物CD63、BTA及NMP22。
进一步的,S3中,探针分子与膀胱癌外泌体的结合时间为60min。
本发明还提供了以上所述的制备方法所制备的磁性Janus微载体在制备膀胱癌外泌体多元分析材料中的应用。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明属于流动编码,具有编码稳定性好,灵活度高的优势,为生物多元分析提供了高效策略。
(2)本发明基于微流控技术,以二氧化硅纳米粒子与磁性纳米粒子的混合分散液制备液滴模板,具有制备方法成本低,重复性好,简便高效等优点,应用于肿瘤来源外泌体的多元分析中可有效提升其检测通量及灵敏度。
(3)本发明制备的磁性Janus微载体,集光子晶体的多元编码及定向磁控效应于一体,对膀胱癌外泌体的标志物进行多元分析,具有编码/解码高效、灵敏度高、特异性良好及浓度-信号效应相关性良好等性能优势,为将外泌体作为疾病诊断的生物标志物提出新方案。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备流程示意图;
图2为本发明实施例1所制备的的磁性Janus微载体的微结构表征图:图a为磁性Janus微载体表观扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征(标尺为50μm);图b为二氧化硅相的纳米粒子周期性有序排列SEM表征;图c为四氧化三铁相的纳米粒子的排列SEM表征;图d为二氧化硅相与四氧化三铁相之间的分界线SEM表征(图b-d,标尺为200μm)。
图3为通过荧光光谱仪对通过不同标志物靶定的外泌体进行荧光强度定量检测分析图。
图4为本发明实施例1所制备的的磁性Janus微载体在不同浓度外泌体富集及检测的荧光信号表征(标尺为500μm)。
具体实施方式:
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。实施例中未注明的实施条件通常为常规实验中的条件。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(一)、纳米粒子分散液的制备
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备二氧化硅纳米粒子,先通过低速离心去除沉积于底部的大粒径纳米颗粒,再高速离心去除未沉积的小粒径颗粒,经过反复纯化,得到粒径均匀的纳米粒子而呈现明亮结构色,加入去离子水配制二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液,超声振荡备用。采用共沉淀法制备四氧化三铁纳米粒子,其在磁铁作用下可分层,经磁场作用下分层纯化处理后,加入去离子水配制成磁性纳米粒子分散液,超声振荡分散均匀后备用。
将二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液(30wt%)与四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散液(30wt%)按1:1体积混合,经过振荡混匀和超声分散,配制为混合纳米粒子分散液。
(二)、磁性Janus微载体的制备
基于微流控液滴技术,以二甲基硅氧烷氟化物油(50cSt)为连续相流体,以二氧化硅和四氧化三铁纳米粒子混合分散液作为分散相流体,将生成的液滴收集于底部平铺有高粘度甲基硅氧烷油(500cSt)的容器中,静置于磁板上。在磁场的作用下,液滴内部产生了相分离,由于四氧化三铁粒子沉积于微载体下半部呈现黑色,而上半部的二氧化硅纳米粒子自组装成周期性有序的纳米结构,由此制备磁性Janus微载体。通过扫描电镜对磁性Janus微载体的进行微观表征,微载体的二氧化硅相呈现周期性有序的六边形致密堆积结构,四氧化三铁相的纳米粒子排列随机,且两相的分界区域可清楚地显示出来(图2)。
(三)、磁性Janus微载体的制备
将上述制备的磁性Janus微载体表面修饰探针分子,基于双抗体夹心原理,用于膀胱癌外泌体的编码分析。
磁性Janus微载体表面修饰探针分子的方法为:将磁性Janus微载体进行APTES氨基化、琥珀酸酐羧化反应,在MES缓冲液(pH=5.9)中,经NHS、EDC活化酰胺反应,将探针分子偶联至微载体表面,其中,探针分子为抗CD63抗体、抗BTA抗体及抗NMP22抗体,用以结合膀胱癌外泌体标志物CD63、BTA及NMP22,探针的浓度为0.01mg/mL。
应用例
将实施例1所制备的磁性Janus微载体用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析,基于双抗体夹心原理,对膀胱癌外泌体进行捕获和标记,并通过荧光显微镜进行分析。膀胱癌外泌体的标志物选自外泌体通用标志物CD63以及获FDA批准应用于临床的膀胱肿瘤标志物的膀胱肿瘤抗原BTA、尿核基质蛋白NMP22;
将实施例1所制备表面固定有探针抗体分子的磁性Janus微载体封闭于BSA溶液中1h,PBS缓冲液洗涤3次;转移至含膀胱癌外泌体的样本中,37℃恒温振荡孵育60min,使抗体探针与膀胱癌外泌体标记物CD63、NMP22及BTA充分反应后,PBS缓冲液洗涤3次,去除未结合的外泌体;加入荧光标记抗体,形成双抗体夹心结构。微球用PBS缓冲液清洗3次,避免非特异性吸附对荧光信号的干扰。最后,通过荧光显微镜对微载体进行解码分析,通过荧光光谱仪对膀胱癌外泌体进行定量检测(图3),实现磁性Janus微载体对膀胱癌外泌体的多元分析。
为了表征平台的分析性能,以不同梯度浓度的外泌体作为标准样品,制作标准曲线,以探究膀胱癌外泌体标记物浓度-信号效应。当外泌体浓度为104mL-1、105mL-1、106mL-1、107mL-1、108mL-1,测得的荧光强度逐渐增强,拟合浓度-效应曲线得到的曲线方程为y=0.0238x2+6.2644x-5.7115,相关系数R2=0.9490;其中,x轴表示外泌体浓度(个/mL),y轴表示磁性Janus微载体的荧光强度(图4)。
本发明提供了用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,该微载体同时具备光子晶体的多元生物分析性能及定向磁控效应,二氧化硅相自组装成周期性有序纳米结构而具有光子晶体特征,其特征性反射光谱作为编码元素,磁性纳米粒子相使微载体具有定向磁控运动特征,提升其在外泌体的富集及检测过程中的灵敏度。在该分析平台中,选用外泌体通用标志物CD63及膀胱癌特异性生物标志物BTA、NMP22加以组合,以提升系统在疾病诊断中的特异性,实现了对外泌体的高灵敏度的多元定量分析。本发明所制备的微载体具备编码稳定、高通量、高灵敏度及特异性良好的优点,可用于膀胱癌外泌体的多元分析。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围并不仅局限于上述实施例,凡属于本发明思路下的技术方案均属于本发明的保护范围,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理前提下的若干改进和润饰,应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液与四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散液混合,经过振荡混匀和超声分散,配制为混合分散液;
S2、以混合分散液作为分散相流体,以二甲基氟化硅油作为连续相流体,通过微流控技术制备液滴,将生成的液滴收集于甲基硅氧烷油中,随后将液滴置于磁场中发生相分离,得到磁性Janus微载体;四氧化三铁粒子沉积使微载体下部呈现黑色,微载体上部为二氧化硅粒子自组装形成的周期性有序结构;
S3、将S2所制备的磁性Janus微载体表面修饰探针分子,基于双抗体夹心原理,用于膀胱癌外泌体的编码分析。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液中,二氧化硅纳米粒子的浓度为20wt%~40wt%;四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散液中,四氧化三铁纳米粒子的浓度为20wt%~40wt%。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,其特征在于,二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液与四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散液混合体积比为1:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,所述二氧化硅纳米粒子分散液中,二氧化硅纳米粒子的粒径为226nm,237nm、247nm中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述二甲基氟化硅油粘度为50cSt,甲基硅氧烷油粘度为500cSt。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中,磁性Janus微载体表面修饰探针分子的方法为:
将磁性Janus微载体进行APTES氨基化、琥珀酸酐羧化反应,在MES缓冲液中,经NHS、EDC活化酰胺反应,将探针偶联至微载体表面,其中,探针分子的浓度为0.01mg/mL。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中,所述探针分子包括抗CD63抗体、抗BTA抗体和抗NMP22抗体。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于膀胱癌外泌体多元分析的磁性Janus微载体的制备方法,其特征在于,探针分子与膀胱癌外泌体的反应时间为60min。
9.权利要求1~8所述的制备方法制备的磁性Janus微载体在制备膀胱癌外泌体多元分析材料中的应用。
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