CN114716614A - 一种硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
- C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
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- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
- H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,尤其涉及一种硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法。
背景技术
硅烷交联法是在少量过氧化物存在下,乙烯基烷氧基硅烷与聚乙烯发生熔融接枝反应生成硅烷接枝聚乙烯,硅烷接枝聚乙烯在催化剂的作用下与水发生水解缩合反应,生成交联聚乙烯的方法。硅烷交联法根据工艺的不同又分为一步法、两步法和共聚法。一步法工艺是瑞士Maillefer与英国BICC公司合作,研究开发,又称Monosil工艺。该工艺中聚乙烯、硅烷、过氧化物和交联催化剂经过专用装置计量,初步混合后,被直接加到特制的高剪切挤出机中,生产最终产品,一步法需要专门的挤出机和严格控制操工艺。两步法硅烷交联聚乙烯工艺由Dow Croning公司开发,又称Sioplas工艺。两步法硅烷交联聚乙烯工艺,第一步为接枝,用过氧化物作引发剂,将烷氧基乙烯基硅烷接枝到PE分子链上,需在高剪切挤出机或捏合机中进行。第二步为成型,将催化母料和接枝化合物进行无水混合,可在普通的用于PE成型的挤出机中挤制成最终产品。前面所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯均是在产品聚乙烯的基础上通过后加工进行聚乙烯硅烷接枝等改性工作,完成交联制品的生产。
目前,世界上已有多家公司开发出硅烷共聚产品,如日本三菱石油化学公司、英国BP公司、美国UCC公司、北欧化工公司等,能够在聚合装置上直接生产乙烯与乙烯基硅烷的共聚物,此工艺为乙烯基硅烷共聚工艺。在该工艺中,将乙烯基硅烷加到生产低密度聚乙烯的高压反应釜中,使其与其它烯烃进行共聚反应,便可获得可交联的共聚物而不需要任何的接枝操作,所得聚合物存储期长。由于硅烷共聚物的制造是在聚乙烯反应器中进行的,所以它能确保较高的清洁度,而且也避免了接枝时过氧化物残渣的污染问题。硅烷共聚物更主要的优点是:在聚合反应中,因为硅烷共聚单体一次投入,实现了交联晶格的规则分布,所需的硅烷量要比硅烷接枝化合物需要的硅烷含量低,硅烷共聚物制出后,与催化剂母料按一定比例混合便可在挤出机上挤包电线,降低了成本,提高了产品质量。
气相法可生产全密度聚乙烯产品,同时兼具较低的投资成本和操作费用,在工业生产上获得了广泛应用,今年来在国内大量引进。气相法生产的LLDPE树脂带有更多的短支链,可以形成更多的活化点,因而比LDPE更易于接枝。与LDPE相比,LLDPE树脂具有价格低、接枝率高等特点,产品介电常数、介质损耗角正切等关键性能均满足国家标准GB/T 14049-93《额定电压10kV、35kV架空绝缘电缆》对于10KV及以下硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料的技术要求,目前已成为中低压电缆绝缘料最主要的基础树脂。为降低生产成本,多数生产企业采用两种不同LLDPE树脂进行掺混作为硅烷交联电缆绝缘料基础树脂。掺混树脂由于两种产品指数不同,在加工过程中易造成流动分级,混合不均,制品表面粗糙,严重影响产品质量,致使产品质量不稳定。目前,市场尚无综合性能更加优异的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料专用LLDPE基础树脂,市场前景十分广阔。
发明内容
基于以上所述,本发明的目的在于提供一种硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,既可以解决现有技术中掺混树脂产品质量不稳定的问题,又可以确保产品较高的清洁度,避免了接枝改性过程中过氧化物残渣的污染问题,大幅降低硅烷用量,降低了成本,提高了产品质量。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
在以聚乙烯颗粒作为种子床的气相反应器内进行反应,将由乙烯、氢气、氮气和共聚单体组成的的原料混合气通入所述气相反应器内,使所述种子床中的聚乙烯颗粒发生流动并达到流化状态,然后向所述气相反应器内加入催化剂并通入经过雾化的液滴状的由一级过氧化物引发剂和二级过氧化物引发剂组成的引发剂混合物进行反应,制备的聚合产物分子式为:
该聚合产物的密度为0.905~0.932/cm3,支化度为15~20/1000个碳原子,熔融温度105~125℃,电容率1.9~2.5,介质损耗因数0.35×10-4~0.45×10-4。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其中优选的是,所述原料混合气中乙烯质量分数为35~50%,氢气质量分数为5~10%,氮气质量分数为48~60%。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料得制备方法,其中优选的是,所述气相反应器的温度维持在60℃~150℃之间,压力维持在1.5MPa~2.5MPa之间。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其中优选的是,所述种子床的体积分数为0.05~0.1。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其中优选的是,所述共聚单体为α-烯烃,所述α-烯烃的质量流量为所述乙烯质量流量的5~25%。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其中优选的是,所述α-烯烃为丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯中一种或两种。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其中优选的是,所述一级过氧化物引发剂为过氧化二碳酸双(4-叔丁基环己基)酯、过氧化二碳酸二环已酯、过氧化二碳酸二异丙酯、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化特戊酸特丁酯中的一种或两种。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其中优选的是,所述二级过氧化物引发剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、二异丙基过氧化碳酸氢酯、二正丁基过氧化碳酸氢酯、二异丁基过氧化碳酸氢酯、乙酰基过氧化烯丙基碳酸氢酯中的一种或两种。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其中优选的是,所述一级过氧化物引发剂与所述二级过氧化物引发剂的摩尔比为1~3:1。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其中优选的是,所述引发剂混合物质量流量为所述乙烯质量流量的10~30%。
本发明所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其中优选的是,所述引发剂混合物经雾化系统雾化后单独注入所述气相反应器。
本发明制备方法提供的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料尤其适合应用于制备10KV及以下中低压电缆绝缘料。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明提供的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,通过在气相反应器内加入过氧化物引发剂,通过多级引发直接制备硅烷接枝聚乙烯电缆料接枝料,既解决了现有技术中掺混树脂产品质量不稳定的问题,又可以确保产品具有较高的清洁度,避免了接枝改性过程中过氧化物残渣的污染问题,大幅降低硅烷用量,降低了成本,提高了产品质量。
具体实施方式
以下对本发明的实施例作详细说明:本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实施例,下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件。
本发明提供的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
在以聚乙烯颗粒作为种子床的气相反应器内进行反应,将由乙烯、氢气、氮气和共聚单体组成的的原料混合气通入所述气相反应器内,使所述种子床中的聚乙烯颗粒发生流动并达到流化状态,然后向所述气相反应器内加入催化剂并通入经过雾化的液滴状的由一级过氧化物引发剂和二级过氧化物引发剂组成的引发剂混合物进行反应,制备的聚合产物分子式为:
该聚合产物的密度为0.905~0.932/cm3,支化度为15~20/1000个碳原子,熔融温度105~125℃,电容率1.9~2.5,介质损耗因数0.35×10-4~0.45×10-4。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述原料混合气中乙烯质量分数为35~50%,氢气质量分数为5~10%,氮气质量分数为48~60%。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述气相反应器的温度维持在60℃~150℃之间,压力维持在1.5MPa~2.5MPa之间。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述种子床的体积分数为0.05~0.1。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述共聚单体为α-烯烃,所述α-烯烃的质量流量为所述乙烯质量流量的5~25%。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述α-烯烃为丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯中一种或两种。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述一级过氧化物引发剂为过氧化二碳酸双(4-叔丁基环己基)酯、过氧化二碳酸二环已酯、过氧化二碳酸二异丙酯、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化特戊酸特丁酯中的一种或两种。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述二级过氧化物引发剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、二异丙基过氧化碳酸氢酯、二正丁基过氧化碳酸氢酯、二异丁基过氧化碳酸氢酯、乙酰基过氧化烯丙基碳酸氢酯中的一种或两种。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述一级过氧化物引发剂与所述二级过氧化物引发剂的摩尔比为1~3:1。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述引发剂混合物质量流量为所述乙烯质量流量的10~30%。
在一些实施例中,优选的是,所述引发剂混合物经雾化系统雾化后单独注入所述气相反应器。
本发明制备方法提供的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料尤其适合应用于制备10KV及以下中低压电缆绝缘料。
实施例1
在以聚乙烯颗粒作为种子床的气相反应器内进行反应,将由乙烯、氢气、氮气和共聚单体组成的的原料混合气通入所述气相反应器内,使所述种子床中的聚乙烯颗粒发生流动并达到流化状态,然后向所述气相反应器内加入催化剂并通入经过雾化的液滴状的由一级过氧化物引发剂和二级过氧化物引发剂组成的引发剂混合物进行反应,制备的聚合产物分子式为:
该聚合产物的产品性能参见表2-1。
其中,工艺条件请参照表1-1所示,催化剂为齐格勒-纳塔催化剂,催化剂以二氧化硅为载体,Ti为活性组分,其中Ti含量以氧化钛质量计为2.15%、Mg含量以氧化镁质量计为6.50%、THF含量为27.3%,余量为载体。
实施例2-5
与实施例1基本相同,不同之处请参见表1-1所示。
实施例6-10
与实施例1基本相同,不同之处请参见表1-2所示。
对比实施例1-3
与实施例1的不同之处在于聚合过程中不加入过氧化物引发剂,聚合产物为聚乙烯基础树脂,将基础树脂与过氧化物按照100:2(质量比)混合,在双螺杆挤出机中,190℃条件下通过反应性挤出完成。具体工艺条件请参见表1-3所示。
表1-1
表1-2
表1-3
以上实施例和对比例所得到的产品性能指标如表2-1至表2-3所示。
表2-1
表2-2
表2-3
参见表2-1至表2-3所示,通过对比实施例可以看出在气相反应器内的聚合体系中通过雾化系统加入过氧化物引发剂,二级引发后,在气相反应器内直接制备硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料,同样聚合条件下,相比气相反应器外后接枝改性得到的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料,具有更加优异的电性能,电容率、介质损耗因数更低,说明产品具有较高的清洁度,具有更加优异的性能;在性能相同的情况下,可以适当降低硅烷用量。
当然,本发明还可有其它多种实施例,在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下,熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形,但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (11)
2.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述原料混合气中乙烯质量分数为35~50%,氢气质量分数为5~10%,氮气质量分数为48~60%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料得制备方法,其特征在于,所述气相反应器的温度维持在60℃~150℃之间,压力维持在1.5MPa~2.5MPa之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述种子床的体积分数为0.05~0.1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述共聚单体为α-烯烃,所述α-烯烃的质量流量为所述乙烯质量流量的5~25%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述α-烯烃为丙烯、1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯中一种或两种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述一级过氧化物引发剂为过氧化二碳酸双(4-叔丁基环己基)酯、过氧化二碳酸二环已酯、过氧化二碳酸二异丙酯、偶氮二异庚腈、过氧化特戊酸特丁酯中的一种或两种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二级过氧化物引发剂为过氧化二苯甲酰、二异丙基过氧化碳酸氢酯、二正丁基过氧化碳酸氢酯、二异丁基过氧化碳酸氢酯、乙酰基过氧化烯丙基碳酸氢酯中的一种或两种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述一级过氧化物引发剂与所述二级过氧化物引发剂的摩尔比为1~3:1。
10.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂混合物质量流量为所述乙烯质量流量的10~30%。
11.根据权利要求1所述的硅烷交联聚乙烯电缆料接枝料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述引发剂混合物经雾化系统雾化后单独注入所述气相反应器。
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