CN114716279A - Water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114716279A CN114716279A CN202210159520.1A CN202210159520A CN114716279A CN 114716279 A CN114716279 A CN 114716279A CN 202210159520 A CN202210159520 A CN 202210159520A CN 114716279 A CN114716279 A CN 114716279A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production and processing and fertilization. A mulching film covered on the cotton field is tightly attached to the ground, so that gas exchange barrier in the soil is caused; drip irrigation under the film, the soil air is discharged, the cotton is anoxic, and the yield is reduced. The oxygen-containing compound fertilizer is prepared by selecting macroelements and microelements required by plant growth and matching with peroxide elements, and the oxygen-containing fertilizer is applied to cotton fields, so that the anaerobic stress of cotton can be relieved, and the cotton yield is improved. Weighing the following components in parts by weight: 25.6 parts of urea, 20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of urea peroxide, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of polyglutamic acid, 7 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.25 part of EDTA zinc, 0.25 part of boric acid, 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis and the balance of conditioner. Mixing and stirring the raw materials, granulating, coating a film, weighing and packaging. The water and fertilizer integrated fertilization method of cotton is adopted, and the fertilizer is applied to cotton fields in different times along with drip irrigation and watering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizer production and processing and fertilization, in particular to a water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton and a preparation method thereof.
Background
"gas" is one of six major elements of soil, O in soil2When the content is more than or equal to 15 percent, the plant roots are light in color, rich in capillary roots and strong in absorption capacity; o in soil2When the content is less than or equal to 10 percent, the development of root systems is hindered, and the roots are short and dark; when the soil is O2When the content is less than or equal to 5 percent, the aerobic respiration of the root system is inhibited, and consequently, a large amount of ethanol, lactic acid and other harmful metabolites are accumulated in the root, so that the function of the root is lost, the root system stops growing and is easy to rot.
Cotton is a typical terrestrial deep root crop with O transport to the root via the stem and leaves2The cotton has limited capability, and poor ventilation of the rhizosphere environment can cause the inhibition of cotton growth, the reduction of mineral element absorption and the reduction of dry matter accumulation.
China is the second cotton producing country in the world, the cotton yield in 2020/2021 years is about 595 ten thousand tons, wherein the Xinjiang cotton yield is 520 thousand tons, and the yield accounts for about 87 percent of the domestic yield. The Xinjiang cotton planting adopts a mulching film covering and under-film drip irrigation cultivation mode in a large area, and a mulching film covered by a cotton field is tightly attached to the ground, so that gas exchange barrier in soil is caused; frequent drip irrigation under the film, soil air is discharged in the irrigation process, and soil O is caused by film covering and irrigation2Reduce the cotton shortage O2. The cotton is low in O2In sensitive crops, the influence of the ventilation condition of the rhizosphere on the root volume, the root biomass, the root-crown ratio and the mineral element absorption is large, so that the growth of cotton is influenced, and the yield is reduced. At present, intertillage and soil loosening methods are adopted in production to increase soil air permeability so as to relieve low oxygen content of plants2The stress is applied, but the intertillage and soil loosening can only be performed at the edge of the mulching film, so that the integrity of the mulching film needs to be protected to the maximum extent to ensure the heat preservation and moisture preservation effects of the mulching film, and the cotton field in the middle row of the mulching film cannot be intertillated, so that the cotton in the middle of the mulching film cannot be ventilated all the time.
Increase of O by application2Fertilizer, rich in O in soil2Can promote root respiration and microbial metabolism, and relieve cotton suffering from anaerobic infection2Coercion, enabling root Domain O2The environment is optimized, the growth of cotton can be promoted, the number of bolls, the weight of single bolls and the clothes rate of a single plant are obviously increased, and the increase of the oxygen fertilizer is favorable for improving the yield of cotton drip irrigation under the film.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and the preparation method thereof, wherein the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton is wide in material source, environment-friendly, high in fertilizer utilization rate, long in fertilizer efficiency period, convenient to apply and simple to produce and process.
The technical scheme adopted for achieving the aim of the invention comprises the following steps: a production process flow of a special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton comprises the following steps: macroelement matching, peroxide element matching, microelement matching and conditioner matching → mixing according to proportion → caking and crushing → stirring and granulating → air sieving → coating → packaging.
The invention discloses a special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special water-soluble compound fertilizer comprises the following main raw materials in parts by weight:
step 1, raw material proportioning: the raw materials are prepared according to a certain proportion of N to P2O5∶K2O∶O2∶NN2CHRCOOH (amino acid) and FA (fulvic acid and fulvic acid) wt (weight ratio, the same below) are 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: P2O5∶O2∶NH2CHRCOOH: FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: K2O∶ O2∶NH2CHRCOOH, FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or P2O5∶K2O∶O2∶NH2CHRCOOH, FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20; other elements are mixed according to any proportion or independently;
step 2, mixed feeding: mixing and stirring the prepared raw materials, and improving the uniform fertilizer efficiency content of the whole fertilizer particles;
and 3, caking and crushing: crushing the mixed and stirred raw materials into large blocks, blocks and the like, and adding a conditioner;
and 4, stirring and granulating: granulating the uniformly stirred and crushed material;
step 5, primary screening: primarily screening the semi-finished product of the granules, and returning unqualified granules to a mixing and stirring link for reprocessing;
step 6, secondary grading: grading the particles, screening out qualified products, and crushing unqualified particles for re-granulation;
step 7, coating the finished product particles: coating the qualified product with amino acid film-forming agent to increase the smoothness and slow release property of the granule;
step 8, quantitatively packaging finished particles: the particles coated with the film are conveyed into a storage bin through a belt conveyor for temporary storage, and then are connected with an electronic quantitative packaging scale, a bag sewing machine and other automatic quantitative packaging and sealing bags, and the ventilation positions are placed for storage.
The nitrogen element of the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton is provided by at least one of urea, urea peroxide, ammonium sulfate, urea-formaldehyde urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, liquid ammonia, ammonia water, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, urea phosphate, ammonium phosphate, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and ammonium urea; the phosphorus element is provided by at least one of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium phosphorus nitrate, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite, ammonium polyphosphate and urea phosphate; the potassium element is provided by at least one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium iodate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphite, potassium pyrophosphate and potassium formate; the boron element is provided by at least one of borax, boric acid, chelated boron and polymeric boron; the zinc element is provided by at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc phosphate, zinc sulfide and chelated zinc; the magnesium element is provided by at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium peroxide and chelated magnesium; the oxygen element is selected from urea peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid,Sodium percarbonateAt least one of; the cobalt element is provided by at least one of cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride and cobalt chelate (the above raw materials are all commercially available).
The microbial beneficial agent in the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton is provided by at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma harzianum, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus, mycorrhizal fungi, photosynthetic flora, bacillus coagulans, saccharomycetes, aspergillus oryzae and paecilomyces lilacinus (the raw materials are all sold in the market).
The conditioner adopted by the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton comprises the following varieties: ammonium bicarbonate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, zeolite powder, sepiolite powder, gypsum, magnesia (bitter earth), dolomite powder (large white powder), double flying powder, talcum powder and diatomite, wherein the synergist comprises: polyglutamic acid, polyaspartic acid, tryptophan, aminobutyric acid, fulvic acid (fulvic acid), fish protein, yeast zymocyte, microalgae, amino acid, humic acid, alginic acid, algal polysaccharide, chitosan, alginate oligosaccharide, immune protein and chitin, wherein the anti-caking agent comprises: at least one of tablet, powder, aqueous solution and oil solution, and at least one of adhesive, long-acting control agent, colorant, quick-dissolving agent, wood vinegar solution and urea low-temperature melting agent (the above raw materials are all commercially available).
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages.
Compared with the prior art, the product of the invention has the advantages of the following aspects.
A contrast test of applying a special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and a common water-soluble compound fertilizer in a field.
And (3) treatment: t1 common water soluble compound fertilizer (CK)
T2 special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton
1. Influence of the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton on cotton fertility traits
Through field observation and investigation, the growth period and growth vigor of the cotton are shown in the table 1
Table 1 cotton breeding trait units: month, day
Note: growth potential and uniformity: good (1), good (2), general (3), poor (4), poor (5)
2. Influence of the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton on cotton seed (hull) cotton yield
The cotton yield results are shown in Table 2 through field yield measurement and indoor seed test and statistical analysis
TABLE 2 Cotton yield traits Table
3. Influence of water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton on plant cotton economic benefit
The economic benefit analysis results are shown in Table 3
TABLE 3 impact of Cotton economic benefit
4. The water soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton improves the cotton fertility
As can be seen from the table 1, the T2 treatment is 7d earlier than the T1 treatment for the cotton in the whole growth period, the effective flowering and boll setting time is correspondingly prolonged, the growth vigor and uniformity are correspondingly improved by 2 levels, and a better foundation is laid for high and stable cotton yield.
5. The water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton has obvious effect of increasing yield of cotton
As can be seen in table 2: compared with T1, the single plant boll forming of T2 cotton is increased by 1.1, the single boll weight is increased by 0.2g, and the seed cotton yield is increased by 119.4kg/666.67m2The clothes score is increased by 0.9 percent, and the yield of the ginned cotton is increased by 57.6kg/666.67m2. The statistical analysis shows that the yield is extremely remarkable.
6. The special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton improves the economic benefit of cotton planting
Compared with the common cotton special fertilizer, the production cost of the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton is increased by 2000 yuan/t, and the application amount is 75kg/666.67m2Increase the cost by 150 Yuan/666.67 m2(ii) a The yield of the seed cotton is increased by 119.4kg/666.67m2According to 8.00 yuan/kg, the income is increased by 955.5 yuan/666.67 m2Deducting and increasing cost 150 Yuan/666.67 m2Net increase of 805.5 yuan/666.67 m2The economic benefit is very remarkable.
7. The beneficial effect of the application of the urea peroxide in the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton
(1) Providing a nitrogen source of CO (NH)2)2·H2O2(Urea peroxide) is an adduct of hydrogen peroxide and carbamide, having both the properties of urea and hydrogen peroxide, CO (NH)2)2·H2O2The N content is 30 percent, and can provide a nitrogen source for a special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton.
(2) Supplying oxygen CO (NH)2)2·H2O2The relative molecular mass is 94.07, the appearance is white crystal powder, the theoretical active oxygen content is 17.02%, the cotton is easy to dissolve in water, and the active oxygen is slowly released to be absorbed by cotton roots.
(3) Disinfection and sterilization CO (NH)2)2·H2O2Is H2O2With CO (NH)2)2Has CO (NH)2)2And H2O2The effective disinfection component in the water solution is H2O2Strong disinfection and sterilization effects.
(4) CO (NH) with conditioner function2)2·H2O2The pH value is 2.7, and the pH value is adjusted in a formula of the special cotton water-soluble compound fertilizer, so that the special cotton water-soluble compound fertilizer is acidic and is more suitable for being applied to saline-alkali soil.
Using CO (NH)2)2·H2O2The multifunctional compound fertilizer is prepared, provides nitrogen nutrition for crops, provides oxygen element, has the functions of sterilization and pH value adjustment, and is a remarkable improvement characteristic of the invention.
8. The beneficial effect of the application of polyglutamic acid in the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton
The polyglutamic acid is one of amino acid family members, is an ecological fertilizer auxiliary agent formed by microbial fermentation, is added into a multifunctional full-water-soluble compound fertilizer, and has the functions of four stages:
the polyglutamic acid in the first stage is used as a fertilizer and mainly plays a role in nutrient slow release. The utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and drought resistance and water retention are achieved. Because the polyglutamic acid has super-strong water absorption and retention capacity, the fertilizer nutrients can be firmly wrapped by a water film formed by the polyglutamic acid, so that the release time of the fertilizer is prolonged, the released fertilizer can be adsorbed around the root by the super-strong adsorption capacity, and volatilization and loss are reduced.
The second stage polyglutamic acid is used as a plant, mainly plays a role in regulating the growth of the plant, and can greatly improve the photosynthesis efficiency of the plant and the flowering and fruit setting rate. The stress resistance of the plant is enhanced, and the plant disease is reduced by the cooperation of the plant stress resistance and the formulated fertilization.
The third stage polyglutamic acid acts on the target soil. The polyglutamic acid has strong buffering capacity and can balance the pH value of soil. Can effectively prevent CO3 2-，PO4 3-，SO4 2-The complex with Ca, Mg and other elements in the soil to form mineral substances which are difficult to dissolve, so that the soil is acidified and hardened. Meanwhile, toxic heavy metal ions such As Pb, Hg, Al, As and the like in the soil can be chelated.
The polyglutamic acid at the fourth stage is degraded into monomer glutamic acid which is directly absorbed and utilized by plants as amino acid, the glutamic acid has special promotion function on photosynthesis, flower and fruit retention of crops, and the polyglutamic acid promotes the growth of the crops through the four effects.
A water-soluble compound fertilizer specially used for cotton is a slow-release high-efficiency fertilizer prepared by mixing biodegradable macromolecular polyglutamic acid with a compound fertilizer. The fertilizer utilizes the continuous degradation of polyglutamic acid in natural environment, so that the chelated fertilizer elements are gradually released, crops can obtain continuous nutrient supply within a certain period, and the purposes of slow release and controlled release of the fertilizer are achieved.
The polyglutamic acid fertilizer synergist is a glutamic acid polymer prepared by modern biological fermentation technology, the molecular weight can reach more than 300 thousands, and a large number of carboxyl groups on the side chain make the structure of the polyglutamic acid fertilizer synergist similar to a large comb, so that the polyglutamic acid fertilizer synergist has the effects of chelating elements, water absorption and moisture preservation, plant growth regulation and the like. The polyglutamic acid can improve the fertilizer utilization rate by 40-50% from 30-35%, the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate by 7-12% on average, the crop yield by 10-25% on average, and the root crop yield by more than 60%.
The invention innovatively applies polyglutamic acid to cooperate with CO (NH)2)2·H2O2Elongation of O2The release time is long, and the long-time supply of O to cotton roots is realized2The invention has the obvious improvement characteristics of water and fertilizer retention, toxic heavy metal chelation, flower and fruit retention and crop growth promotion.
9. Beneficial effect of application of polyaspartic acid in water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton
The polyaspartic acid is one of amino acid family members, is a water-soluble high-molecular amino acid polymer, and has the effects of remarkably promoting plants to absorb nutrients, improving the yield of crops and saving the application amount of chemical fertilizers. The fertilizer synergist is used as a fertilizer synergist and is matched with a fertilizer, and the main characteristics of the fertilizer synergist are as follows:
the method has the characteristics of reducing the loss of the fertilizer, activating nutrient elements and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, thereby reducing the using amount of the fertilizer by 30 percent and increasing the yield by 10 to 30 percent.
And secondly, the absorption of the crops on trace elements such as Fe, Zn, Mn and the like is promoted, and the content of the trace elements in the crops treated by the polyaspartic acid is 3-4 times higher than that in the control crops.
Thirdly, promoting the crops to be early-ripe for 7-10 days, improving the ratio of cotton blossoms to cotton blossoms, and realizing high yield and high quality.
Fourthly, promoting the growth of root systems and enhancing the stress resistance. Polyaspartic acid in cooperation with CO (NH)2)2·H2O2The present invention is one kind of multifunctional composite fertilizer with the obvious features of the present invention.
10. The beneficial effect of applying ammonium polyphosphate in the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton
The ammonium polyphosphate has high nutrient content, nearly neutral pH value and high crop safety coefficient; has chelating effect on metal ions, and phosphorus is not easily absorbed by Fe in soil3+、Ca2+The metal ions are fixed, and instead, the metal ions can form soluble complexes with ineffective trace elements in the soil and be absorbed and utilized by plants; after the water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate is applied to soil, the phosphorus activity is high, the moving distance is long, the water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate is not easy to fix and directly reaches plant roots, the nutrient absorption is more thorough, the plant absorption efficiency is improved by 1 time compared with that of common phosphate, the water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate has a high permeability characteristic, the permeability is 2-3 times higher than that of common phosphate fertilizer, and the water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate accords with the development trends of high efficiency, liquidization, slow effect, multi-functionalization and the like of the current compound fertilizer. The ammonium polyphosphate is added into the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton, so that the compound fertilizer has long-acting property, and the prevention of the compound fertilizer can be greatly improvedCaking property, fertilizer fluidity enhancement and convenient use. The water-soluble compound fertilizer can not be added with an anti-caking agent to prevent the water dropper from being blocked, and the ammonium polyphosphate is matched with the polyglutamic acid to prevent the fertilizer from caking, which is another remarkable improvement characteristic of the invention.
11. The water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton can relieve cotton fusarium wilt (verticillium wilt) of cotton
The cotton wilt is one of the most serious diseases in cotton production, which is called as the cancer of cotton, and has great difficulty in preventing and treating. Generally, diseases can be developed at the seedling stage, and a large amount of dead seedlings appear, so that plants are deficient and ridges are broken; in the middle and later stages, cotton plants are attacked, leaves become yellow, dry and fall off, so that the boll formation is rare, the boll weight is reduced, the fiber quality is reduced, and even the cotton plants wither and die, so that the yield of the cotton is seriously reduced.
The cotton verticillium wilt is the first disease of cotton, has wide transmission path and serious harm, leaves of light people are green and yellow, buds and bolls fall off, the yield is seriously reduced, the whole plant of heavy people dies in pieces, and the cotton is dead in delivery. The disease is not easy to control, and is also called as the cancer of cotton like cotton wilt.
The water soluble compound fertilizer N, P, K specially used for cotton is preferably mixed according to the proportion of N to P2O5∶K2The ratio of O1 to 0.7 to 1, and the fertilizer application according to the ratio can effectively control diseases and improve the yield of cotton. (ordinary compound fertilizer, N, P, K are mixed according to the proportion of N: P2O5∶ K2O1: 0.3: 1 in a recognized mode or in a 1: 1 equivalent general formula). The water soluble composite fertilizer specially for cotton is applied through organic and inorganic fertilizer to raise soil quality and improve soil essentially, so as to reach the aim of controlling soil fertility. The land becomes fertile, and the germ is difficult to invade, which is a means for solving the problem from the root, and is the characteristic of the remarkable progress of the invention.
The bacillus subtilis is one of bacillus, is widely distributed in soil and putrefactive organic matters, and is easy to reproduce in the Subtilis. The bacillus subtilis successfully colonizes the rhizosphere, the body surface or the body of the plant, competes with pathogenic bacteria for nutrition around the plant, secretes antibacterial substances to inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacteria, and induces a plant defense system to resist the invasion of the pathogenic bacteria, thereby achieving the purpose of biological control. The bacillus subtilis is aerobic bacteria and can be colonized to play a role under the aerobic condition, and an aerobic gas source of the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton is continuously released, so that the aerobic requirement of the bacillus subtilis is met, and the defects that the bacillus subtilis is difficult to colonize and survive and the effect is unobvious when the bacillus subtilis is applied conventionally are overcome.
The bacillus mucilaginosus is also called silicate bacteria, and has the important characteristics of decomposing potassium and silicon in minerals such as feldspar, mica and the like, decomposing phosphorus in apatite, and secreting plant growth stimulin and various enzymes to enhance the resistance of crops to certain diseases. The bacteria are the best strains used as biological fertilizers to promote the transformation of ineffective soil phosphorus and potassium, increase the supply of soil phosphorus and potassium and improve the yield of crops, and the bacillus mucilaginosus has super strong strength of phosphate dissolving, potassium dissolving and silicon dissolving.
The trichoderma harzianum has the effects of sterilization and bacteriostasis: the energy required by the reproductive growth of pathogenic bacteria is blocked, the permeability is increased to dry fungal spores, the cell membranes of the pathogenic bacteria are damaged to secrete extracellular enzymes to dissolve cell walls so as to kill the pathogenic bacteria, and the growth of the pathogenic bacteria is inhibited through space and site competition. Secondly, growth regulation: trichoderma is planted around the root system, so as to stimulate the growth of crops, improve the microenvironment of the root system, metabolize to generate xylanase, protease and partial antibiotics, regulate the growth of plants and increase the resistance of plants. Conditioning soil: can activate, loosen and improve the granular structure of soil, has good inhibition effect on pathogenic bacteria easily generated in continuous cropping and resists continuous cropping.
The special cotton water-soluble compound fertilizer with the synergistic organic and inorganic formulas of urea peroxide, bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus and trichoderma harzianum can prevent various soil-borne diseases such as root rot, fusarium wilt, verticillium wilt and bacterial wilt, improve soil structure, promote plant growth and development and improve yield and quality. The special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton continuously releases an aerobic gas source, meets the aerobic requirements of beneficial bacteria such as bacillus subtilis and the like, overcomes the defects that the beneficial bacteria are difficult to colonize and survive and the effect is not obvious when the beneficial bacteria are applied conventionally, and has the characteristics of remarkable progress.
12. The beneficial effect of application of potassium hypophosphite in water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton
The potassium phosphite is 'a fertilizer in pesticide, and the pesticide in the fertilizer', not only has the functional characteristics of the traditional fertilizer, but also does not contain pesticide components and can exert the efficacy of the pesticide. When pathogenic bacteria invade, the potassium phosphite can induce crop cells to produce lignin, increase the thickness of cell walls, enable the cell walls to become hard and firm, and limit the pathogenic bacteria in the cell walls, single cells or local tissues, thereby preventing the pathogenic bacteria from further invasion and expansion. The potassium phosphite is equivalent to a vaccine of crops, is applied before the crops are attacked, enables the crops to generate antibodies in advance, generates an immune effect on diseases, kills pathogenic bacteria at an infection stage, and thus more effectively protects the normal growth of the crops, and is a 'pesticide fertilizer' in the true sense. The invention relates to an application of potassium phosphite in a special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton, which is a remarkable improvement characteristic of the invention.
13. The beneficial effect of the application of fulvic acid in the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton
The fulvic acid is purified from the humic acid, has smaller molecular weight, can be directly absorbed by crops, has faster effect and less consumption except the advantage function of the humic acid, is alkaline in the aqueous solution of the humic acid and not suitable for being applied to saline-alkali soil, and is acidic in the aqueous solution of the fulvic acid and more suitable for being applied to the saline-alkali soil; the fulvic acid has growth promoting factors with high biological activity, and plays a comprehensive role in regulating the growth and development of plants; after the fulvic acid is applied to the soil, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients in the soil is obviously improved. The fertilizer can fix nitrogen, reduce the loss and volatilization of nitrogen elements, dissolve phosphorus, liberate phosphorus elements from soil for plant absorption through chelation with the phosphorus elements, and improve the utilization rate of phosphorus; the active potassium can convert the insoluble potassium into soluble potassium through the ion exchange function, so that the utilization rate of the potassium is improved; chelating insoluble trace elements to generate fulvic acid trace element chelate which has good solubility and can be absorbed by crops, and is beneficial to root system absorption, thereby greatly improving the nutrient utilization rate and increasing the fertilizer efficiency. The fulvic acid is combined with nitrogen, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer can be increased by 10%, and the utilization rate of phosphorus can be increased by more than 1 time.
14. The beneficial effect of the application of the fish protein in the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton
The fish protein is obtained by degrading marine fish resources (enzymolysis, bacterial degradation and chemical hydrolysis), and the protein with high molecular weight is converted into nutrient substances with low molecular weight which are easily absorbed by crops. The main components are various amino acids, polypeptides, oligopeptides, unsaturated fatty acids, natural medium trace elements, organic matters and the like. It is a novel compound fertilizer, and has more diversified functions compared with common fertilizers. After the fertilizer is applied to soil, beneficial microorganisms in the soil are rapidly propagated by taking organic matters such as fish protein and the like as carriers, the activity can be improved by more than 10 times, the soil structure is optimized, the water retention and fertilizer retention capacity is obviously improved, if the fertilizer is continuously used for years, a large number of earthworms can be generated, the soil becomes loose and fertile, the soil ecology is improved, the form (slow effect state) of nutrient elements which are difficult to utilize in the soil can be converted into the available form (quick effect state), and the soil fertility is increased. Greatly improves the utilization rate of the plant to the fertilizer (can be improved by more than 10 to 30 percent), and reduces the using amount of the fertilizer.
15. The water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton can promote cotton to early mature, can promote cotton to blossom and bear bolls 7 days in advance, and can promote the bolls to be gathered, so that the boll-forming peak coincides with the optimal boll-bearing period, the yield and the quality of cotton are increased, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
16. The water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton is complete in nutrients, rich in organic and inorganic components and medium and trace elements such as Ca, Zn, B, Mg and the like, durable and stable in fertility, has comprehensive advantages of stress resistance, yield increase and quality improvement, is a multifunctional novel fertilizer, has the functions of improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer and improving the quality of agricultural products, can reduce the application amount of the fertilizer, has the effects of saving energy, reducing emission, improving the soil fertility level, reducing ecological environment pollution caused by excessive application of the fertilizer and has a strong practical significance for promoting ecological agriculture to develop efficiently and safely.
The special water-soluble cotton solution can be used for applying cotton, and can also be used for rice, wheat, corn, soybean, sorghum, potato, peanut, sunflower, oil, vegetable, melon and fruit, forest, fruit tree, gardening and flower crops by properly adjusting the formula according to the fertilizer absorption rule of different crops, so that the application prospect is very wide.
Detailed Description
The invention limits the components of the multifunctional water-soluble compound fertilizer in a pure nutrient calibration mode, and refers to the calculation mode of nutrients in the national standards GB/T15063-.
The present invention is not limited by the following examples, and specific embodiments may be determined according to the technical solutions and practical situations of the present invention. The various chemical reagents and chemical articles mentioned in the present invention are all well known and commonly used in the prior art unless otherwise specified; the percentages in the present invention are all mass percentages unless otherwise specified.
The examples are only for illustrating the technical features disclosed by the invention, and the changes made by simple replacement by the person skilled in the art still belong to the protection scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) Raw material selection:
weighing the following components in parts by weight: 25.6 parts of urea, 20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 30 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of urea peroxide, 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 part of polyglutamic acid, 7 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 0.25 part of EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) zinc, 0.25 part of boric acid, 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis and the balance of conditioner.
The urea contains N46%, the monoammonium phosphate contains N11% and P2O549 percent of ammonium polyphosphate containing N16 percent and P2O532% potassium chloride containing K2O60%, urea peroxide N30% and active oxygen 16.5%.
N-P2O5-K2O-O2 18-12-18-2
(2) Crushing raw materials: crushing the agglomerates of the mixed raw materials, and adding a conditioner and bacillus subtilis;
(3) stirring and granulating: the crushed raw materials are uniformly stirred and are sent into a double-roller extrusion granulator through a material belt conveyor, and the materials are demoulded and granulated after being sent into the granulator and being extruded and pelletized by the double-roller extrusion.
(4) Screening: primarily screening the semi-finished product of the particles, and returning unqualified particles to a mixing and stirring link for reprocessing;
(5) coating the finished granules: coating the qualified product with a film to increase the brightness and roundness of the granule.
(6) Quantitatively packaging finished product particles: the finished product particles are conveyed into a storage bin through a belt conveyor for temporary storage, and then are connected with an electronic quantitative packaging scale, a bag sewing machine and the like for automatic quantitative packaging and sealing, and are placed at a ventilation position for storage.
Example 2
Firstly, selecting and matching raw materials, and weighing the following components in parts by weight: 11.8 parts of urea, 16 parts of ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.5 part of potassium phosphite, 31 parts of potassium sulfate, 10 parts of urea peroxide, 9 parts of urea phosphate, 0.25 part of sugar alcohol zinc, 0.25 part of boric acid, 1 part of fulvic acid, 1 part of fish protein, 2 parts of polyaspartic acid, 1 part of bacillus mucilaginosus and the balance of conditioner.
The urea contains N46%, the ammonium sulfate contains N21%, the diammonium phosphate contains N18% and P2O546 percent, the urea phosphate contains N17 percent and P2O544.9 percent, the carbamide peroxide contains N30 percent, contains active oxygen 16.5 percent, and the potassium phosphite contains P2O540% by weight of K2O54%, potassium sulfate K2O52％。
N-P2O5-K2O-O2 16-11-16-2
Melting granulation: metering urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate, potassium phosphite, potassium sulfate, urea phosphate, zinc glycolate, boric acid, polyaspartic acid, fulvic acid, fish protein and a conditioning agent, feeding the metered materials into a drum granulator by a mixing and lifting machine to form a material bed, mutually bonding the materials into granules under the action of high-temperature molten slurry, simultaneously introducing a certain amount of ammonia gas to adjust the pH value, increasing the granulation rate, and drying, screening, cooling and coating the materials discharged from the granulator.
And thirdly, the urea peroxide and the beneficial microbial inoculum are respectively and independently packaged, put into a compound fertilizer bag or independently stored and transported, and measured and packaged to obtain a finished product.
Example 3
1) Selecting and matching raw materials, weighing according to the parts by weight: 22.5 parts of urea, 10 parts of urea peroxide, 13 parts of diammonium phosphate, 10 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 22.7 parts of potassium sulfate, 14 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, ED (ED), 0.25 part of TA (zinc), 0.25 part of polymeric boron, 0.5 part of polyaspartic acid and the balance of conditioner.
N-P2O5-K2O-O2 18-12-18-2
The urea contains N46%, the urea peroxide contains N30%, active oxygen 16.5%, ammonium sulfate contains N21%, diammonium phosphate contains N18% and P2O546 percent of ammonium polyphosphate containing N14 percent and P2O530% of potassium sulfate containing K2O52%, N13.1% in potassium nitrate and K2O46.4%, P contained in potassium dihydrogen phosphate2O552% of K2O34％。
2) Melting urea, feeding the molten urine into a mixer by using a melting pump after metering, adding heated diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, EDTA zinc, polymeric boron, additives (auxiliary materials) and the like into a heater for heating after metering, feeding the preheated materials into the mixer for mixing reaction with the molten urine, and fully mixing the materials into addition compound slurry with high solubility and certain fluidity; then flows into a rotary spray head positioned at the top of the tower by the self gravity and is sprayed into liquid drops, the liquid drops are in reverse contact with rising cold air from the top of the high tower to transfer heat, and the liquid drops are crystallized, solidified and cooled in the air to form finished product particles. And crushing the screened large particles, using the crushed large particles and the fine powder as a return material, adding the return material into a heater again, and recycling the return material.
4) Coating with urea peroxide: coating the urea peroxide with polyaspartic acid, adding into qualified granule, and stirring.
5) And (3) quantitatively packaging finished product particles: the finished product particles are sent into a storage bin through a belt conveyor for temporary storage, and then are connected with an electronic quantitative packaging scale, a bag sewing machine and other automatic quantitative packaging and sealing bags, and placed in a ventilation position for storage.
Application method
Application method 1 during cotton growth period, drip irrigation is combined, a water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton can be matched with cotton water and fertilizer integration, and a Venturi fertilization method is adopted, wherein 750-1125 kg/hm2The fertilizer is applied to cotton fields in several times along with drip irrigation and watering.
In the application method 2, during the growth period of cotton, drip irrigation is combined, the oxygen-free water-soluble compound fertilizer is poured into the fertilizing tank, oxygen-containing substances are dissolved in irrigation water at a water inlet, and oxygen and the fertilizer are conveyed to the rhizosphere of the cotton by using water as a carrier and are absorbed and utilized by the cotton.
The application method 3 is characterized in that during the long period of the cotton and peanut, drip irrigation is combined, a special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton or a water-soluble compound fertilizer without oxygen is poured into a fertilizing tank, an aerator is connected to a water inlet to aerate irrigation water, oxygen is dissolved in the irrigation water, and the oxygen and the fertilizer are conveyed to the root of the cotton by using water as a carrier to be absorbed and utilized by the cotton.
Claims (8)
1. The special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and the preparation method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps: nitrogen in the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton is provided by at least one of urea, urea peroxide, ammonium sulfate, urea formaldehyde fertilizer, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, liquid ammonia, ammonia water, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium polyphosphate, urea phosphate, ammonium phosphate phosphorus, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate and ammonium urea, phosphorus is provided by at least one of monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate phosphorus, calcium superphosphate, triple superphosphate, monopotassium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, potassium phosphite, ammonium polyphosphate and urea phosphate, potassium is provided by at least one of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, potassium iodate, monopotassium phosphate, potassium carbonate, potassium phosphite, potassium pyrophosphate and potassium formate, boron is provided by at least one of borax, boric acid, boron chelate and polymeric boron, and zinc is provided by at least one of zinc sulfate, zinc chloride, zinc oxide, zinc phosphate, zinc sulfide and zinc chelate; the magnesium is provided by at least one of magnesium sulfate, magnesium chloride, magnesium peroxide, and chelated magnesium, and the oxygen is provided by urea peroxide, calcium peroxide, sodium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid, and/or magnesium hydroxide,Sodium percarbonateAt least one of cobalt is selected from cobalt sulfate, cobalt chloride, and cobalt chelateThe synergist is at least one of polyglutamic acid, polyaspartic acid, tryptophan, aminobutyric acid, fulvic acid, fish protein, yeast zymocyte, microalgae, amino acid, humic acid, alginic acid, algal polysaccharide, chitosan, brown algae oligosaccharide, immune protein and chitin, and the main raw materials are N: P2O5∶K2O∶O2∶NH2CHRCOOH (amino acid) and FA (fulvic acid, the same below) wt (weight ratio, the same below) 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: P2O5∶O2∶NH2CHRCOOH: FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or N: K2O∶O2∶NH2CHRCOOH, FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20 or P2O5∶K2O∶O2∶NH2CHRCOOH, FA 1: 0.01-20: 0.001-20, and other elements are mixed according to any proportion or independently.
2. The special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton comprises: a microbial agent of a water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton is provided by at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus mucilaginosus, trichoderma harzianum, paenibacillus polymyxa, bacillus megaterium, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus mucilaginosus, mycorrhizal fungi, photosynthetic flora, bacillus coagulans, saccharomycetes, aspergillus oryzae and paecilomyces lilacinus.
3. The special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton comprises: the conditioner used for the water soluble composite fertilizer special for cotton is provided by at least one of ammonium bicarbonate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, ammonium sulfate, attapulgite, bentonite, kaolin, zeolite powder, sepiolite powder, gypsum, magnesia (bitter earth), dolomite powder (white powder), double-flying powder, talcum powder and diatomite.
4. The special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton comprises: the anti-caking agent for the water-soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton comprises the following components: providing at least one of tablet, powder, aqueous solution and oil solution; and at least one of various adhesives, long-acting control agents, coloring agents, quick-dissolving agents, wood vinegar and urea low-temperature melting agents.
5. The special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton comprises: a water-soluble compound fertilizer urea peroxide special for cotton and a biological agent are respectively and independently packaged and put into a compound fertilizer bag or are separately stored and transported.
6. The special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton comprises: a water-soluble composite fertilizer specially for cotton is prepared through combining with water-fertilizer integration of cotton, and applying it to cotton field by Venturi fertilizer application method with the drip irrigation.
7. The water soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton and the preparation method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water soluble compound fertilizer special for cotton or the oxygen-free compound fertilizer can be poured into a fertilizing tank, an aerator is connected to a water inlet to aerate irrigation water, oxygen is dissolved in the irrigation water, and water is used as a carrier to transport the oxygen and the fertilizer to the rhizosphere of cotton for absorption and utilization by the cotton.
8. The special water-soluble compound fertilizer for cotton and the preparation method thereof according to claim 1 are characterized by comprising the following steps: a water soluble compound fertilizer specially for cotton is prepared through pouring the compound fertilizer without oxygen element into fertilizer tank, dissolving oxygen element in irrigation water, and delivering oxygen and fertilizer to root of cotton by using water as carrier.
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