CN111285733A - Method for producing alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using vegetable wastes - Google Patents
Method for producing alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using vegetable wastes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for producing an alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using vegetable wastes comprises the following steps: (1) adding vegetable wastes into a fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain a fermentation base solution; (2) adding the seed solution, calcium carbonate and a defoaming agent into the fermentation base solution, fermenting, filtering, and sterilizing at high temperature; (3) adding an acidifier into the fermentation filtrate, adding potassium phosphate in batches, and monitoring the pH value of the solution; (4) then adding a mixed material consisting of medium trace elements, organic matters and the like, stirring and dissolving; (5) adding acid and alkali to adjust the pH value to a proper pH value; (6) adding a microbial inoculum, dissolving and uniformly mixing, and customizing alkaline water-soluble fertilizers with different pH values. The production method can improve the utilization rate of vegetable wastes, and the prepared product can realize the cyclic planting of crops and the improvement of soil fertility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation methods, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer.
Background
The large-scale planting of vegetables develops rapidly, but the fertilization technology is relatively lagged behind, the fertilizer waste is serious, and the problems of soil acidification, secondary salinization, underground water nitrate pollution and the like are prominent. The vegetable industry that develops fast has brought a large amount of vegetables discarded object, and most vegetables discarded object easily carries germ and worm's ovum, and the moisture content is high, and carbon nitrogen ratio is low, and structural nature is poor, and perishable rotten is rotten, is difficult to directly carry out resource utilization. A large amount of vegetable wastes are abandoned, so that resources are wasted, and meanwhile, the safety production of local vegetables is seriously threatened.
At present, although there are many methods for treating vegetable waste, the methods are basically concentrated on solid residues after fermentation, and there are few reports on the treatment of a fermented bottom liquid. For example, CN107382395A discloses an ultrahigh temperature composting method for processing vegetable waste, which is only suitable for plant straw waste with low water content, but still generates excessive base solution after fermenting leaf vegetable waste with high water content, and is not beneficial to producing compost products, by adding a conditioner and enhancing ventilation to reduce the water content of the vegetable waste to prepare compost products. CN10015913A discloses an in-situ treatment method for vegetable waste, which is to filter the mixture after fermentation of vegetable waste to obtain organic fertilizer residue and biological bacterial liquid, dilute the biological bacterial liquid and spray or drip-irrigate the diluted biological bacterial liquid to soil. The liquid part obtained after the fermentation and separation of the vegetable waste contains substances such as trace elements, undecomposed pesticide residues, heavy metals, a large amount of soluble undegraded organic matters and the like. If the liquid part is directly and simply mixed with the common alkaline water-soluble fertilizer, trace elements are easy to generate precipitates in an alkaline environment and cannot be effectively utilized. Meanwhile, soluble undecomposed organic matters such as cellulose and hemicellulose in the liquid part cannot be directly absorbed by crops after entering the soil, so that the soluble undecomposed organic matters cannot be effectively utilized, and undecomposed pesticide residues and heavy metals can cause secondary pollution to the environment.
The soil acidification is aggravated by large-scale planting, and the crisis can be effectively relieved by utilizing the alkaline fertilizer. The development and report of alkaline fertilizers are more, and the regulation of the soil pH value by using organic materials is a mainstream method accepted and popularized by the market. Such as green manure, straw returning, humic acid fertilizer and the like. However, conditioning acid soils with organic materials is a slow process that requires long periods of time for efficacy to develop. The alkaline water soluble fertilizer can quickly increase the pH value of soil, improve the soil structure, facilitate irrigation fertilization, foliar fertilization, soilless culture, seed soaking and root dipping and the like, is different from the traditional fertilizer, and has the advantages of fertilizer and water saving, labor saving and time saving.
Because many common water-soluble fertilizer raw materials are easy to react under an alkaline condition and have poor stability, the development of alkaline fertilizers is mostly concentrated on solid compound fertilizers with poor solubility, and the development of alkaline water-soluble fertilizers is relatively less. In addition, a large amount of organic matters, trace elements and saccharides are usually added to the existing alkaline water-soluble fertilizer to improve the fertilizer efficiency, which undoubtedly increases the fertilizer cost and may increase the risk of fertilizer surplus. For example, CN106146217A discloses a weakly alkaline solid water-soluble fertilizer for improving acid soil and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following raw materials by weight: 5-15% of mineral source fulvic acid, 5-20% of biochemical fulvic acid, 2-6% of compound amino acid, 5-15% of sodium metasilicate, 40-60% of nitrogenous alkaline fertilizer, 8-10% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.05-0.1% of zinc, 0.01-0.03% of copper, 0.05-0.1% of boron, 0.005-0.03% of molybdenum and 0.1-1.0% of microbial inoculum. A large amount of trace elements such as zinc, copper, boron, molybdenum and the like and organic matters such as mineral fulvic acid, biochemical fulvic acid and the like are added in the formula. CN107285892A discloses a multifunctional alkaline water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method, a use method and application thereof, wherein the fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 10-50 parts of urea, 10-100 parts of potassium nitrate, 10-50 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1-25 parts of biochemical fulvic acid potassium, 1-15 parts of triple superphosphate, 5-90 parts of ammonium nitrate, 5-70 parts of ammonium polyphosphate, 5-45 parts of sodium metasilicate, 1-30 parts of chelating agent, 5-40 parts of potassium carbonate, 2-35 parts of chitosan oligosaccharide, 1-30 parts of polyaspartic acid potassium, 0.01-10 parts of zinc sulfate and 0.1-25 parts of sodium humate. A large amount of chitosan oligosaccharide and trace elements are added in the invention.
The vegetable waste fermentation filtrate is rich in organic matters, trace elements and saccharides, and is used as a fertilizer component, so that the fertilizer cost can be greatly saved, the utilization rate of the vegetable waste is improved, and the cyclic utilization is realized. Therefore, the method has important practical significance for developing and utilizing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer of the vegetable wastes aiming at the problems of serious soil acidification, low utilization rate of the base solution of the vegetable wastes, high risk of pesticide residue and the like. The method can realize the reutilization of the vegetable wastes, provide fertilizer by utilizing the vegetable wastes, improve the crop environment and improve the soil quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a production method of an alkaline water-soluble fertilizer which has comprehensive and balanced nutrients and an acid soil improvement effect.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for producing alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:
s1: adding the sorted vegetable wastes into a fermentation tank, adding an anaerobic fermentation agent into the fermentation tank, adding water, sealing and carrying out anaerobic fermentation, and filtering a fermentation mixture in the fermentation tank after fermentation to obtain a fermentation base solution;
s2: placing the fermentation base solution into a fermentation tank, adding seed solution, calcium carbonate and a defoaming agent, setting the rotation speed of the fermentation tank to be 130 r/min-150 r/min and the ventilation volume to be 35m3/h～42m3Fermenting for 25-35 hours at 36-38 ℃, filtering, heating the filtrate to 120 +/-5 ℃, keeping for 30-60 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain fermentation filtrate;
s3: taking 20-60 parts of fermentation filtrate by weight, adding 1-10 parts of an acidifying agent, adding potassium phosphate in batches after the acidifying agent is completely dissolved, wherein the adding amount of each batch is 0.1-5 parts, measuring the pH value of the solution after each batch is added, stopping adding when the pH value reaches 7-11, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling liquid;
s4: adding a mixed material into the cooling liquid, wherein the mixed material comprises 5-40 parts of major elements, 1-30 parts of secondary elements, 1-20 parts of potassium silicate, 0.1-5 parts of compound amino acid, 1-10 parts of organic synergist, 0.001-0.01 part of preservative and 0.1-20 parts of condensed water in parts by mass, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed liquid;
the macroelement is at least one of urea, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium sulfate;
the secondary element is at least one of EDTA calcium, EDTA magnesium, magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate;
s5: measuring the pH value of the mixed solution, and adding an acid-base neutralizing agent to adjust the pH value to prepare fertilizer stock solutions with different pH values;
s6: adding 0.1-1 part of microbial inoculum into the fertilizer stock solution, and dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain an alkaline water-soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 7.5-10.5;
the parts of the components are calculated according to the parts by weight, and the stirring is not stopped until the materials are completely dissolved in the process of adding the raw materials in the steps S3-S5.
Preferably, the anaerobic leavening agent is a mixed powder containing clostridium on the market.
Preferably, the seed liquid of the present invention comprises at least one of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.
Preferably, the defoaming agent is sesame oil or organic silicon substances.
Preferably, the acidulant of the invention is at least one of citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid.
Preferably, the organic synergist of the invention is at least one of fulvic acid, potassium fulvate, alginic acid, potassium alginate or potassium humate.
Preferably, the compound amino acid of the invention is at least two of glycine, proline and glutamic acid.
Preferably, the preservative of the invention is at least one of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate.
Preferably, the microbial inoculum of the invention is at least two of bacillus, saccharomyces, lactobacillus, pseudomonas and photosynthetic bacteria.
Preferably, at least one of a urease inhibitor and a nitrification inhibitor is added into the mixture material in the step S4, and the adding amount is 0.01-1% of the mass of the mixture material.
Preferably, the urease inhibitor is at least one of N-butyl thiophosphoryl diamine and hydroquinone; the nitrification inhibitor is at least one of azapyridine, dicyandiamide, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, guanyl thiourea and 2-sulfathiazole.
Preferably, at least one of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone may be added to the mixture in step S4, and the addition amount is 0.01-1% of the mass of the mixture.
Preferably, the surfactant can be added into the mixed material in the step S4, and the adding amount is 0.01-1% of the mass of the mixed material.
Preferably, the surfactant is at least one of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate.
Preferably, trehalose is added into the mixed material in the step S4, and the adding amount is 0.01-1% of the mass of the mixed material.
The invention adopts the acidifying agent to adjust the pH value of the solution, and can also carry out complexation reaction with trace elements in the vegetable waste fermentation liquor to generate a stable metal complex, prevent the generation of precipitate when alkaline substances are added, and improve the utilization rate of the trace elements. Meanwhile, a buffer system is formed by adding the acidifying agent, and the pH value is kept relatively stable.
The potassium phosphate used in the invention is strong alkali and weak acid salt, and is commonly used as a water softener, a liquid soap, a food additive and the like, but the potassium phosphate is easy to corrode due to strong alkali and is less used as a fertilizer raw material. The potassium phosphate is used as a component of the fertilizer, and multiple fertilizer raw material screening tests show that the potassium phosphate can quickly adjust the pH value of the solution, the diluted and neutralized potassium phosphate solution is not corrosive, the potassium phosphate can effectively supplement phosphorus nutrition and potassium nutrition, the content of macroelements in the fertilizer is increased, the growth requirement of crops is met, and the soil environment of a plant root area is improved.
The invention adopts the method of adding a small amount of potassium phosphate in batches, and can effectively prevent the mixed solution from being over-alkaline locally to cause the precipitation of trace elements (iron, zinc) and the like in the mixed solution. And a small amount of potassium phosphate is added in batches at the same time, so that the pH value of the mixed solution can be conveniently monitored, the pH value of the solution can be finely adjusted, and the addition amount and the addition sequence of each subsequent component can be adjusted at any time according to the requirements of users. Overcomes the defects that in the prior art, when the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared, each fertilizer is simply and physically mixed and stirred, and the influence of different adding sequences and adding amounts on raw materials is not considered.
The sodium metasilicate added in batches in small amount is easy to dissolve, the aqueous solution is alkaline, the soil acidity can be adjusted, the sodium metasilicate can be used for improving and correcting the soil acidity, and a soil aggregate structure is promoted to be formed, so that the sodium metasilicate acid soil conditioner is an excellent acid soil conditioner. In addition, the silicon element has the advantages of improving crop photosynthesis, enhancing stalk strength, resisting lodging, resisting bacterial infection, preventing root rot, reducing phosphate fertilizer fixation, improving the utilization rate of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium, activating soil microorganisms, correcting soil acidity and the like.
The potassium carbonate added in batches in a small amount is easy to dissolve in water, and the aqueous solution is alkaline, so that the acid-base balance of soil can be gradually achieved in the process of absorbing nutrition. The potassium carbonate can provide potassium element nutrient necessary for plants, and can release carbon dioxide through reaction, thereby increasing the release amount of the carbon dioxide in soil or greenhouses.
The potassium hydroxide added in batches in a small amount can adjust the pH value, supplement potassium needed by crops, promote plant rooting, and enhance the disease and pest resistance and lodging resistance.
The organic synergist, the compound amino acid and the vegetable waste fermentation liquor are matched for use, so that the source of organic carbon in the fertilizer is greatly enriched. Organic synergists such as humic acid, fulvic acid and the like and amino acid substances are fully water-soluble, have the efficacy similar to a plant growth regulator, can improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer and activate soil, and are generally used as fertilizer synergists in agriculture.
The microbial agent is selected from at least one of bacillus, saccharomyces, lactobacillus, pseudomonas or photosynthetic bacteria strains, and has good characteristics of dormancy resistance, saline-alkali resistance and high temperature resistance. When the organic matters are used in a matching way, the quantity of beneficial flora in acid soil can be increased, and the ecological environment of microorganism in root systems of crops can be improved. Meanwhile, carbohydrate and microbial agents possibly remaining in the vegetable waste can accelerate hydrolysis in an alkaline environment and are decomposed into small molecular substances which can be absorbed by crops better. And the microbial inoculum can also decompose heavy metals and pesticides possibly remaining in the vegetable wastes, thereby achieving multiple purposes. The selected microbial inoculum is a conventional commercial product.
The urease inhibitor is added into the soil, so that the activity of urease in the soil can be inhibited, the hydrolysis speed of urea can be inhibited, and the volatilization and nitrification of ammonium nitrogen can be reduced. The nitrification inhibitor is added to inhibit the conversion of ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen, and the generation and accumulation of the nitrate nitrogen in soil are reduced, so that the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer in the form of the nitrate nitrogen and the influence on the ecological environment are reduced.
The polyvinyl alcohol and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are added to the composite material, so that the main raw materials can be coated and slowly released to form a net structure, and active ingredients in the main raw materials can be effectively adsorbed. The added surfactant has the performances of solubilization, emulsification, wetting, foaming, dispersion, surface tension reduction and the like, and can improve the permeability of water in soil. The trehalose is added, so that the moisture of root system and leaf surface cells can be well maintained, and the transmission and absorption of fertilizer active ingredients in the fertilizer are promoted.
The adding sequence of the components for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer cannot be easily changed. The filtrate obtained by fermenting the vegetable wastes needs to be added with an acidulant to generate a stable complex before alkaline substances such as potassium phosphate or potassium silicate are added, otherwise, metal ions in the filtrate can generate precipitates under alkaline conditions, and the effective utilization of trace elements is not facilitated.
After the mixed materials are added, water is added to a constant volume, the mixed solution is adjusted to a target pH value by adding an acidifier or potassium silicate, and finally, a microbial agent is added. The prepared alkaline water-soluble fertilizer is used as a soil activator, a soil conditioner and a plant nutrition bag, so that the energy of vegetables is recycled to the maximum extent, and the utilization rate of the vegetables as fertilizers can be improved. In the production process, if the bactericide is added firstly and then the water is added to a constant volume to adjust the pH value of the mixed solution, the bactericide is easy to damage in some over-alkali environments, and the activity of bacterial colonies is reduced.
The method of the invention adds the defoaming agent when processing the fermentation liquor, which can prevent a large amount of bubbles from being generated in the fermentation process. A large amount of bubbles are easily generated in the subsequent feeding process, the generation of the bubbles can be inhibited by the residual defoaming agent in the solution, and when the bubbles are more in the feeding process, the defoaming agent can be properly supplemented.
The fermentation base solution is placed in the fermentation tank for secondary fermentation to obtain the fermentation filtrate, so that the problem that the fermentation base solution contains undegraded organic matters such as cellulose and hemicellulose, and the organic matters cannot be directly absorbed by crops after entering the soil and cannot be effectively utilized is solved, and meanwhile, the insect eggs are killed through high-temperature secondary fermentation, so that the secondary pollution of the residual insect eggs in the fermentation base solution, undecomposed pesticide residues and heavy metals to the environment is solved. The added anaerobic fermentation agent is used for decomposing cellulose into glucose which can be utilized by bacillus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts the vegetable waste fermentation base solution as the fertilizer component, thereby preventing secondary pollution caused by random dumping. Meanwhile, organic matters and trace elements in the fermentation base solution can be effectively utilized, only a small amount of organic matters are added, and no trace elements are additionally added, so that the fertilizer efficiency is improved, and the cost is saved.
2. The invention is an alkaline fertilizer, which can effectively solve the problem of soil acidification. The potassium phosphate and the sodium metasilicate are used as the acid factor correcting agent, the potassium, phosphorus and silicon elements are supplemented, the soil acid environment is corrected, the effect of improving the soil granular structure can be exerted, and the effect of improving the soil physical structure is achieved.
3. The pH value of the solution can be adjusted, and products meeting different user requirements can be customized. The acidifier, the potassium phosphate and the sodium metasilicate are used for adjusting the acidity and alkalinity of the fertilizer, so that the requirements of different soils and crops are met, the accurate soil testing formula fertilization is realized, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the agricultural non-point source pollution is reduced, and the ecological environment is protected.
4. According to the invention, while major elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like are added, organic matters, microbial inoculum and medium and trace elements are also added, the nutrients are comprehensive, the compatibility of organic and inorganic nutrients is scientific, the soil environment suitable for the growth of crops and soil microorganisms is cooperatively adjusted, the soil nutrients are activated, and the nutrient utilization efficiency is improved.
5. According to the invention, the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer which is scientific in organic and inorganic distribution, comprehensive and balanced in nutrients and has the effect of improving acidic soil is prepared by reasonably proportioning the raw materials and strictly controlling the adding amount of each component and the adding sequence of the raw materials. The preparation process is simple and easy to implement, the production cost is low, the prepared water-soluble fertilizer has uniform nutrients, is convenient for a water and fertilizer integrated facility to save fertilizer, save water and improve efficiency, is suitable for industrial production, and overcomes the defect that other solid acid soil conditioning products can only be used as base fertilizers. Meanwhile, the liquid fertilizer can be quickly dissolved, and the problems of slow dissolving speed, incomplete dissolving and the like of the solid fertilizer are solved.
Detailed Description
The invention is described below with reference to specific examples, but the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to the examples.
Example 1
A method for producing alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using vegetable wastes comprises the following steps:
1. sorting the collected vegetable wastes, adding the sorted vegetable wastes into a fermentation tank, adding mixed powder which is sold in the market and contains clostridium into the fermentation tank, adding water until fresh waste bodies are submerged, sealing the fermentation tank and performing anaerobic fermentation for 20-30 days. And finally, filtering the fermentation mixture in the fermentation tank to obtain organic fertilizer residues and fermentation base liquid.
2. Placing the fermentation base liquid in the fermentationAdding seed solution containing Bacillus subtilis, light calcium carbonate and sesame oil into the tank, setting the rotation speed of the fermentation tank at 145r/min, and the ventilation amount at 38m3Fermenting for 28 hours at 36 ℃, filtering, heating the filtrate to 125 ℃, keeping for 30 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain fermentation filtrate;
3. and (3) adding 8 parts of citric acid into 50 parts of the fermentation filtrate obtained in the step (2), adding potassium phosphate in batches after the acidulant is completely dissolved, wherein the addition amount of each batch of potassium phosphate is 0.1-5 parts, measuring the pH value of the solution after the addition of one batch, stopping adding 6 parts of potassium phosphate when the pH value is 7-11, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the cooling liquid. When potassium phosphate is added, one or more of sodium metasilicate, potassium carbonate and potassium hydroxide can be used simultaneously, partially or completely to neutralize the acid in the solution.
When the acidifying agent is added, a metal chelating agent, such as organic polyphosphonic acid, polycarboxylic acid, etc., can be additionally added to enhance the chelating performance of the solution. The metal chelating agent may also be added separately, directly in place of the acidifying agent.
4. Adding a mixed material into the cooling liquid obtained in the step 3, wherein the mixed material comprises 10 parts of macroelements (comprising 5 parts of urea and 5 parts of potassium nitrate), 1 part of medium elements (calcium sulfate 1 part), 6 parts of potassium silicate, 4 parts of compound amino acids, 100 parts of organic synergistic components (comprising 5 parts of potassium fulvate, 1 part of potassium alginate and 4 parts of potassium humate), 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 0.006 part of preservative and 2.7 parts of condensed water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed liquid;
5. measuring the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step 5, and adding sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to prepare fertilizer stock solutions with different pH values;
6. 0.3 part of microbial inoculum (consisting of 0.2 part of bacillus and 0.1 part of saccharomyces) is added into the fertilizer stock solution, and after the mixture is dissolved and mixed uniformly, the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 7.5 is finally prepared.
In the step 3-5, the stirring is not stopped until the materials are completely dissolved in the process of adding the raw materials, and the stirring speed is 140 r/min.
Example 2
1. Adding the sorted vegetable wastes into a fermentation tank, adding mixed powder containing clostridium into the fermentation tank, adding water, sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation, and filtering a fermentation mixture in the fermentation tank to obtain a fermentation base solution;
2. placing the fermentation base solution in a fermentation tank, adding seed solution containing Bacillus licheniformis, light calcium carbonate and sesame oil, setting the rotation speed of the fermentation tank at 140r/min and ventilation amount at 40m3Fermenting for 30 hours at 37 ℃, filtering, heating the filtrate to 115 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain fermentation filtrate;
3. taking 20 parts of the fermentation filtrate obtained in the step 2, adding 2 parts of an acidulant (consisting of 2 parts of citric acid and 3 parts of malic acid), adding potassium phosphate in batches after the acidulant is completely dissolved, wherein the addition amount of the potassium phosphate in each batch is 0.1-5 parts, measuring the pH value of the solution after the addition of one batch is finished, stopping adding the potassium phosphate when the pH value is 7-11, adding 10 parts of the potassium phosphate, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling liquid;
4. adding a mixed material into the cooling liquid obtained in the step 3, wherein the mixed material comprises 5 parts of macroelements (10 parts of urea), 30 parts of secondary elements (15 parts of EDTA calcium and 15 parts of EDTA magnesium), 8 parts of potassium silicate, 5 parts of compound amino acid, 6 parts of organic synergistic components (2 parts of potassium fulvate, 2 parts of potassium alginate and 2 parts of potassium humate), 0.5 part of N-butyl thiophosphoryl diamine, 0.5 part of azapyridine, 2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2 parts of trehalose, 0.5 part of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.004 part of preservative and 2 parts of condensed water, and stirring for dissolving to obtain a mixed liquid;
5. measuring the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step 5, adding citric acid and potassium silicate to adjust the pH value, and preparing fertilizer stock solutions with different pH values;
6. adding 1 part of microbial inoculum (consisting of 0.5 part of bacillus, 0.2 part of saccharomyces, 0.2 part of lactobacillus and 0.1 part of photosynthetic bacteria) into the fertilizer stock solution, dissolving and uniformly mixing, and finally preparing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 8.0.
And 3-5, in the process of adding the raw materials, stirring is not stopped until the materials are completely dissolved, and the stirring speed is 120 r/min.
Example 3
1. Adding the sorted vegetable wastes into a fermentation tank, adding mixed powder containing clostridium into the fermentation tank, adding water, sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation, and filtering a fermentation mixture in the fermentation tank to obtain a fermentation base solution;
2. placing the fermentation base solution in a fermentation tank, adding seed solution of Bacillus licheniformis, light calcium carbonate and organosilicon defoamer, setting the rotation speed of the fermentation tank at 150r/min and the ventilation volume at 42m3Fermenting for 25 hours at 38 ℃, filtering, heating the filtrate to 120 ℃, keeping for 45 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain fermentation filtrate;
3. taking 60 parts of the fermentation filtrate obtained in the step 2, adding 1 part of an acidulant (1 part of citric acid), adding potassium phosphate in batches after the acidulant is completely dissolved, wherein the addition amount of the potassium phosphate in each batch is 0.1-5 parts, measuring the pH value of the solution after the addition of one batch is finished, stopping adding the potassium phosphate when the pH value is 7-11, adding 25 parts of the potassium phosphate in total, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling liquid;
4. adding a mixed material into the cooling liquid obtained in the step 3, wherein the mixed material consists of 5 parts of macroelements (5 parts of potassium nitrate), 1 part of medium elements (1 part of EDTA magnesium), 1 part of potassium silicate, 0.6 part of compound amino acid, 3 parts of organic synergistic component (3 parts of potassium humate), 0.5 part of guanyl thiourea, sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.002 part of preservative and 2 parts of condensed water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed liquid;
5. measuring the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step 5, adding citric acid and potassium silicate to adjust the pH value, and preparing fertilizer stock solutions with different pH values;
6. 0.4 part of microbial inoculum (consisting of 0.25 part of bacillus and 0.15 part of saccharomyces) is added into the fertilizer stock solution, and after the mixture is dissolved and mixed uniformly, the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 8.5 is finally prepared.
And 3, in the process of adding the raw materials, the stirring is not stopped until the materials are completely dissolved, and the stirring speed is 180 r/min.
Example 4
1. Adding the sorted vegetable wastes into a fermentation tank, adding mixed powder containing clostridium into the fermentation tank, adding water, sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation, and filtering a fermentation mixture in the fermentation tank to obtain a fermentation base solution;
2. placing the fermentation base solution in a fermentation tank, adding seeds containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformisLiquid, light calcium carbonate and an organic silicon defoaming agent, the rotating speed of a fermentation tank is set to be 135r/min, and the ventilation volume is set to be 35m3Fermenting for 32 hours at 37 ℃, filtering, heating the filtrate to 125 ℃, keeping for 30 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain fermentation filtrate;
3. taking 20 parts of the fermentation filtrate obtained in the step 2, adding 2 parts of an acidifier (1 part of lactic acid), adding potassium phosphate in batches after the acidifier is completely dissolved, wherein the addition amount of each batch of potassium phosphate is 0.1-5 parts, measuring the pH value of the solution after the addition of one batch, stopping adding the potassium phosphate when the pH value is 7-11, adding 25 parts of potassium phosphate in total, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling liquid;
4. adding a mixed material into the cooling liquid obtained in the step 3, wherein the mixed material comprises 38 parts of macroelements (comprising 15 parts of urea, 13 parts of potassium nitrate, 5 parts of ammonium polyphosphate and 5 parts of potassium sulfate), 2 parts of medium elements (1 part of magnesium sulfate), 5 parts of potassium silicate, 2 parts of compound amino acid, 7 parts of organic synergistic component (comprising 1 part of fulvic acid, 2 parts of fulvic acid potassium, 1 part of alginic acid and 3 parts of humic acid potassium), 0.008 part of preservative and 0.2 part of condensed water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed liquid;
5. measuring the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step 5, adding citric acid and potassium silicate to adjust the pH value, and preparing fertilizer stock solutions with different pH values;
6. 0.8 part of microbial inoculum (consisting of 0.3 part of bacillus, 0.2 part of saccharomyces, 0.2 part of pseudomonas and 0.1 part of photosynthetic bacteria) is added into the fertilizer stock solution, and after the mixture is dissolved and mixed uniformly, the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 9.0 is finally prepared.
And 3-5, in the process of adding the raw materials, not stopping stirring until the materials are completely dissolved, wherein the stirring speed is 200 r/min.
Example 5
1. Adding the sorted vegetable wastes into a fermentation tank, adding mixed powder containing clostridium into the fermentation tank, adding water, sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation, and filtering a fermentation mixture in the fermentation tank to obtain a fermentation base solution;
2. placing the fermentation base solution in a fermentation tank, adding seed solution containing Bacillus subtilis, light calcium carbonate and sesame oil, setting the rotation speed of the fermentation tank at 130r/min and ventilation amount at 35m3H, fermentation at 37 ℃Filtering for 35 hours, heating the filtrate to 120 ℃, keeping the temperature for 45 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain fermentation filtrate;
3. taking 20 parts of the fermentation filtrate obtained in the step 2, adding 2 parts of an acidulant (2 parts of citric acid), adding potassium phosphate in batches after the acidulant is completely dissolved, wherein the addition amount of each batch of potassium phosphate is 0.1-5 parts, measuring the pH value of the solution after the addition of one batch, stopping adding the potassium phosphate when the pH value is 7-11, adding 30 parts of the potassium phosphate in total, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling liquid;
4. adding a mixed material into the cooling liquid obtained in the step 3, wherein the mixed material comprises 20 parts of macroelements (comprising 10 parts of urea, 8 parts of potassium nitrate and 2 parts of monoammonium phosphate), 2 parts of secondary elements (comprising 1 part of magnesium sulfate and 1 part of potassium sulfate), 20 parts of potassium silicate, 0.5 part of compound amino acid, 2 parts of organic synergistic components (2 parts of potassium fulvate), 0.5 part of hydroquinone, 0.5 part of dicyandiamide, 0.002 part of preservative and 2 parts of condensed water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed liquid;
5. measuring the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step 5, adding citric acid and potassium silicate to adjust the pH value, and preparing fertilizer stock solutions with different pH values;
6. 0.2 part of microbial inoculum (consisting of 0.15 part of bacillus and 0.05 part of photosynthetic bacteria) is added into the fertilizer stock solution, and after the mixture is dissolved and mixed uniformly, the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 10.0 is finally prepared.
And 3-5, in the process of adding the raw materials, not stopping stirring until the materials are completely dissolved, wherein the stirring speed is 150 r/min.
Example 6
1. Adding the sorted vegetable wastes into a fermentation tank, adding mixed powder containing clostridium into the fermentation tank, adding water, sealing, performing anaerobic fermentation, and filtering a fermentation mixture in the fermentation tank to obtain a fermentation base solution;
2. placing the fermentation base solution in a fermentation tank, adding seed solution containing Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis, light calcium carbonate and organic silicon defoamer, setting the rotation speed of the fermentation tank at 140r/min, and the ventilation volume at 38m3Fermenting for 30 hours at 37 ℃, filtering, heating the filtrate to 115 ℃, keeping the temperature for 60 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain fermentation filtrate;
3. taking 20 parts of the fermentation filtrate obtained in the step 2, adding 1 part of an acidulant (1 part of malic acid), adding potassium phosphate in batches after the acidulant is completely dissolved, wherein the addition amount of potassium phosphate in each batch is 0.1-5 parts, measuring the pH value of the solution after the addition of one batch, stopping adding the potassium phosphate when the pH value is 7-11, adding 35 parts of potassium phosphate in total, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling liquid;
4. adding a mixed material into the cooling liquid obtained in the step 3, wherein the mixed material comprises 10 parts of macroelements (comprising 8 parts of urea and 2 parts of potassium nitrate), 3 parts of secondary elements (comprising 1 part of EDTA calcium and 2 parts of EDTA magnesium), 20 parts of potassium silicate, 0.4 part of compound amino acid, 7 parts of organic synergistic component (comprising 3 parts of potassium fulvate, 1 part of potassium alginate and 3 parts of potassium humate), 2 parts of trehalose, 0.5 part of sodium lauryl sulfate, 0.002 part of preservative and 0.5 part of condensed water, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed liquid;
5. measuring the pH value of the mixed solution obtained in the step 5, adding citric acid and potassium silicate to adjust the pH value, and preparing fertilizer stock solutions with different pH values;
6. 0.6 part of microbial inoculum (consisting of 0.3 part of bacillus, 0.2 part of saccharomyces and 0.1 part of lactobacillus) is added into the fertilizer stock solution, and after the mixture is dissolved and mixed evenly, the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 10.5 is finally prepared.
And 3-5, in the process of adding the raw materials, not stopping stirring until the materials are completely dissolved, wherein the stirring speed is 160 r/min.
The raw materials used in the examples are all conventional commercial products, and the component parts are calculated according to the mass parts.
Test example 1
The test is carried out in 6 months to 10 months in 2018, in the Hongta district of Yuxi city of Yunnan province and in a greenhouse of a certain farmer of town, roses (variety names: candy snow mountain) are used as experimental materials, and in the embodiment, the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer products produced by the vegetable wastes in the embodiments 1 to 3 are applied with 10 kg/mu of water according to the application amount of 10 kg/mu each time, and are applied with 1 time of drip irrigation every 10 days after pruning, and the total application amount is 4 times; the comparative example is that according to the traditional fertilization mode of farmers, N, P, K mass percent of balanced water soluble fertilizer is applied by water in a proportion of 20-20-20, and the operation of other farmers is consistent.
After the experiment, the change of the soil pH, the plant height, the stem circumference and the yield of the roses are measured. The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 influence of weakly alkaline water-soluble fertilizers on soil acidity and rose growth
| Treatment/index | Soil pH before application | Soil pH after application | Plant height (cm) | Stem enclosure (cm) | Yield (flower/mu) |
| Example 1 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 69.7 | 2.07 | 18600 |
| Example 2 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 72.3 | 1.93 | 18662 |
| Example 3 | 6.0 | 6.4 | 70.4 | 2.11 | 18629 |
| Comparative example | 6.3 | 6.3 | 65.4 | 1.89 | 18571 |
As can be seen from Table 1, after the product of the invention is applied in acidic soil by water for 4 times, the pH value of the soil is obviously increased, and the growth vigor of the crops is obviously better than that of the comparative example.
Test example 2
The test is carried out in 2018 to 2019 for 2 months, the test is carried out in a greenhouse of a certain farmer in Haikouzhen province of western mountain area of Kunming city in Yunnan province, strawberries (variety name: Octopus) are used as test materials, the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer products produced by the vegetable wastes in the embodiments 4 to 6 are subjected to drip irrigation for 1 time every 10 days after pruning according to the use amount of 10 kg/mu each time, and the fertilizer is applied for 6 times in total; the comparative example is that according to the traditional fertilization mode of farmers, N, P, K mass percent of balanced water soluble fertilizer is applied by water in a proportion of 20-20-20, and the operation of other farmers is consistent.
After the experiment, the change of the soil pH, the strawberry plant height, the stem circumference and the yield are measured. The results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 influence of weakly alkaline water-soluble fertilizers on soil acidity and rose growth
| Treatment/index | Soil pH before application | Soil pH after application | Weight of single fruit (g) | Fruit Density (g/cm)2) |
| Example 4 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 32.2 | 0.99 |
| Example 5 | 5.7 | 6.2 | 33.5 | 1.08 |
| Example 6 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 29.9 | 1.10 |
| Comparative example | 5.7 | 5.7 | 24.8 | 0.96 |
As shown in Table 2, after the product of the invention is applied in the farming soil by water for 6 times, the pH value of the soil is obviously improved, and the growth vigor of the crops is obviously superior to that of the comparative example.
At present, the pH value of the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer produced by the method is 7.5-10.5, wherein the pH value is 8-10, the effect is the best in trial, the acceptance is the highest, the yield quality of crops can be obviously improved, and the pH value of soil is improved.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (15)
1. A method for producing an alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using vegetable wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: adding the sorted vegetable wastes into a fermentation tank, adding an anaerobic fermentation agent into the fermentation tank, adding water, sealing and carrying out anaerobic fermentation, and filtering a fermentation mixture in the fermentation tank after fermentation to obtain a fermentation base solution;
s2: placing the fermentation base solution into a fermentation tank, adding seed solution, calcium carbonate and a defoaming agent, setting the rotation speed of the fermentation tank to be 130 r/min-150 r/min and the ventilation volume to be 35m3/h～42m3Fermenting for 25-35 hours at 36-38 ℃, filtering, heating the filtrate to 120 +/-5 ℃, keeping for 30-60 minutes, and cooling to room temperature to obtain fermentation filtrate;
s3: taking 20-60 parts of fermentation filtrate by weight, adding 1-10 parts of an acidifying agent, adding potassium phosphate in batches after the acidifying agent is completely dissolved, wherein the adding amount of each batch is 0.1-5 parts, measuring the pH value of the solution after each batch is added, stopping adding when the pH value reaches 7-11, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a cooling liquid;
s4: adding a mixed material into the cooling liquid, wherein the mixed material comprises 5-40 parts of major elements, 1-30 parts of secondary elements, 1-20 parts of potassium silicate, 0.1-5 parts of compound amino acid, 1-10 parts of organic synergist, 0.001-0.01 part of preservative and 0.1-20 parts of condensed water in parts by mass, and stirring and dissolving to obtain a mixed liquid;
the macroelement is at least one of urea, potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate, monoammonium phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate and potassium sulfate;
the secondary element is at least one of EDTA calcium, EDTA magnesium, magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate;
s5: measuring the pH value of the mixed solution, and adding an acid-base neutralizing agent to adjust the pH value to prepare fertilizer stock solutions with different pH values;
s6: adding 0.1-1 part of microbial inoculum into the fertilizer stock solution, and dissolving and uniformly mixing to obtain an alkaline water-soluble fertilizer with the pH value of 7.5-10.5;
the components are calculated according to the parts by weight, and the stirring is not stopped until the materials are completely dissolved in the process of adding the raw materials in the steps S3-S5.
2. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by utilizing the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anaerobic fermentation agent is a mixed powder containing clostridium commercially available.
3. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed solution comprises at least one of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis.
4. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by utilizing the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the defoaming agent is sesame oil or organosilicon substances.
5. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by utilizing the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acidulant is at least one of citric acid, malic acid and lactic acid.
6. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic synergist is at least one of fulvic acid, potassium fulvic acid, alginic acid, potassium alginate or potassium humate.
7. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound amino acid is at least two of glycine, proline and glutamic acid.
8. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preservative is at least one of benzoic acid, sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate.
9. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial inoculum is at least two of bacillus, saccharomyces, lactobacillus, pseudomonas and photosynthetic bacteria.
10. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of a urease inhibitor and a nitrification inhibitor is added to the mixture material in the step S4, and the adding amount is 0.01-1% of the mass of the mixture material.
11. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by utilizing the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 10, wherein the urease inhibitor is at least one of N-butyl thiophosphoryl diamine and hydroquinone; the nitrification inhibitor is at least one of azapyridine, dicyandiamide, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, guanyl thiourea and 2-sulfathiazole.
12. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone is added to the mixture in step S4, and the addition amount is 0.01-1% of the mass of the mixture.
13. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein a surfactant is added into the mixture in the step S4, and the addition amount is 0.01-1% of the mass of the mixture.
14. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 13, wherein the surfactant is at least one of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate.
15. The method for producing the alkaline water-soluble fertilizer by using the vegetable wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein trehalose is added to the mixture in the step S4 in an amount of 0.01 to 1% by mass of the mixture.
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