CN114713380B - Coarse particle flotation device and method based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and mechanical damping blocks - Google Patents
Coarse particle flotation device and method based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and mechanical damping blocks Download PDFInfo
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- CN114713380B CN114713380B CN202111217476.7A CN202111217476A CN114713380B CN 114713380 B CN114713380 B CN 114713380B CN 202111217476 A CN202111217476 A CN 202111217476A CN 114713380 B CN114713380 B CN 114713380B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
Abstract
The invention relates to a coarse particle flotation device and method based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and a mechanical damping block, belongs to the technical field of coal slime separation, and solves the problems of small processing capacity, high product mismatch content and the like of the conventional coarse coal slime device. The coarse particle flotation device comprises a column part and a tailing dewatering part, the emulsification of a medicament is enhanced through ultrasonic vibrators, the mineralization of particles and bubbles is promoted, the pulsation of water flow is realized through a mechanical damping block, and the layering of the particles is enhanced. The filling of the sieve plate effectively prevents the sinking of coarse particles, effectively eliminates the influence of ultrasonic-damping pulsation on the stability of a bed layer, ensures stable fluidization and realizes the effective recovery of the coarse particles. Due to the addition of the PID intelligent control system, the device can realize intelligent fluidization, intelligent tailing discharging and intelligent ultrasound, and the sorting precision and adaptability of the device can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal slime separation, in particular to a coarse particle flotation device and method based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and a mechanical damping block.
Background
Froth flotation is the most effective means for sorting and upgrading fine-grained minerals, and mainly utilizes the difference of particle hydrophobicity to realize selective separation of fine particles. At present, the method is widely applied to the separation of metal minerals and non-metal minerals, and also widely applied to the fields of coal upgrading, sewage treatment, oil sand processing, coal ash decarburization, paper pulp deinking and the like. In recent years, with the gradual depletion of high-quality resources worldwide, the increasing number of poor, impure and fine refractory ores, the requirements on the automation and the intellectualization of ore dressing are continuously increased, and the search and the development of effective flotation equipment are urgently needed.
Flotation columns and flotation machines are flotation devices which are widely used at present, wherein the flotation machines have the advantages of high recovery rate, ideal coarse grain recovery effect and the like, but the fine grain concentrate recovery effect is poor. The flotation column can obtain better concentrate quality due to the longer trapping area and the thicker foam layer. The traditional flotation machine and the flotation column can effectively recover ore particles with the granularity of 0.074 mm-0.25 mm, for coarse particles with the granularity of 0.25 mm-1 mm, the attachment probability of the particles and bubbles is low, the particles are not easy to float out when being too coarse, and the particles are easy to lose in tailings and are commonly called as 'coarse flotation'. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a new and efficient coarse particle sorting device.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing a coarse particle flotation device and method based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and a mechanical damping block, so as to solve the problems of low processing capability and high mismatch content of products of the existing coarse coal slurry device.
On one hand, the invention provides a coarse particle flotation device based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and mechanical damping blocks, which mainly comprises an upper cylinder structure and a lower cone structure, wherein ore pulp is sorted at the upper cylinder structure, and hydrophobic particles adhered to bubbles rise to the top end of a dense loose bed layer and enter the top of a cylinder; the hydrophilic particles which are not adhered to the bubbles continue to move downwards through the loose bed layer and finally fall into a dehydration cone;
furthermore, a concentrate overflow groove and a foam spray water device are arranged at the top end of the column body, a clean coal discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the concentrate overflow groove, and a flotation feed pipe is arranged downwards at the center of the cylindrical structure, so that uniform feeding of flotation feed materials is realized;
furthermore, a plurality of conical mechanical damping blocks are uniformly arranged on the wall of the cylinder body, and ultrasonic vibrators are uniformly arranged outside the corresponding damping block walls and controlled by an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic generator to realize intermittent generation of ultrasonic waves;
further, the ultrasonic frequency is 25-68KHz, and the ultrasonic density is 2-4W/cm 2 The intermittent step length of ultrasonic generation is 1-2 s;
furthermore, filling sieve plates are uniformly arranged in the column body and distributed among the conical damping blocks, the thickness of each sieve plate is about 5mm, and the size of each sieve hole is about 2-8mm;
furthermore, the cone angle of the tail coal dehydration cone is 15-60 degrees;
furthermore, a fluidizing port is arranged on the side edge of the upper part of the cone structure, and a bottom flow port is arranged at the bottom of the cone. The cone part is provided with a fluidizing water unit which comprises a fluidizing water port and a bubble generator, and the fluidizing water port is connected with the bubble generator;
furthermore, a fluidization water gap is connected with the tail coal dehydration cone, and an automatic control valve is arranged at the fluidization water gap;
furthermore, an intelligent sensor is arranged in the middle of the cone structure, and a PID integrated controller is arranged outside the cone structure;
on the other hand, the invention provides a coarse particle flotation method based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and a mechanical damping block, and the coarse particle flotation device based on coupling of the ultrasonic waves and the mechanical damping block is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
opening a fluidizing water port, injecting fluidizing water added with foaming agent into the upper column body, and opening an ultrasonic device to generate pulsating water flow;
after the rising water flow in the upper column body is stable, uniformly feeding the uniformly mixed ore pulp into the upper column body through a feeding port;
coarse particle flotation is finished in the upper cylinder, a concentrate product is discharged from a concentrate overflow trough, and a tailing product is discharged from a tailing dehydration cone;
when a sensor in the cone senses that the density of the bed layer in the upper cylinder is too high, a signal is transmitted to a PID integrated controller, and the PID integrated controller automatically controls the opening of a valve of a tailing opening to increase the discharging speed; PID automatically controls the ultrasonic vibrator, increases the ultrasonic frequency and promotes the dispersion of bed materials; PID automatically controls pulsating water flow to promote material dispersion;
the equipment has certain intelligent regulation capability, and can automatically trigger a series of adjustments when the height of the bed changes, so that the adaptability of the equipment is enhanced, and the normal and stable operation of the equipment is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) The ultrasonic wave strengthens the dispersion of coal slime, promotes granule bubble mineralization and medicament emulsification, and the mechanical damping piece can realize pulsating flow, and the homogeneity of the inside rivers that rise of cylinder can be realized to ultrasonic wave and mechanical damping piece coupling, can effectively realize the abundant dispersion layering of granule, strengthens the sorting of coarse grain.
(2) The sieve plate filling can effectively eliminate the adverse effect of ultrasonic and damping pulsation on the stability of the bed layer and ensure stable fluidization.
(3) The filling of the sieve plate can ensure that the flotation fluid is more reasonably distributed in the flotation section, and can effectively prevent coarse-particle coal slime in the ore pulp from directly entering a tailing dewatering cone without being sorted under the action of gravity, so that the collision probability of bubbles and particles is maximized, and the mineralization effect is enhanced.
(4) The PID (proportional-Integral-derivative) intelligent control system can realize intelligent fluidization, intelligent tailing and intelligent ultrasound, effectively improve the sorting precision and adaptability of the equipment and reduce the probability of accidents of the equipment in the production process.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the coarse particle flotation apparatus of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a water spray device; 2-an overflow trough; 3-upper column; 4-a feeding pipe; 5-feeding a buffer bin; 6-a feed distributor; 7-concentrate mouth; 8-ultrasonic vibrator; 9-ultrasonic generator; 10-a mechanical damping block; 11-filling the sieve plate; 12-tail coal dehydration cone; 13-water distribution plate; 14-a fluidizing water gap; 15-a bubble generator; 16-a pressure pump; 17-tailing port; 18-a discharge gate valve; 19-a smart sensor; 20-PID integrated controller.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the embodiments of the invention serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit its scope.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the term "connected" is to be understood broadly, and may be, for example, fixed, detachable, or integrally connected, and may be mechanically or electrically connected, and may be directly or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, unless otherwise specifically stated or limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
The terms "top," "bottom," "above … …," "down," and "above … …" as used throughout the description are relative positions with respect to components of the device, such as the relative positions of the top and bottom substrates inside the device. It will be appreciated that the devices are multifunctional, regardless of their orientation in space.
Example 1
One embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, discloses a coarse particle flotation device (hereinafter referred to as "coarse particle flotation device") based on ultrasonic wave and mechanical damping block coupling, which comprises an upper cylinder 3, wherein an ultrasonic vibrator 8 and a mechanical damping block 10 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the upper cylinder 3, the ultrasonic vibrator 8 is positioned in a cavity formed by the mechanical damping block 10 and the inner wall of the upper cylinder 3, and a filling sieve plate 11 is horizontally arranged between the upper and lower adjacent mechanical damping blocks 10.
Compared with the traditional flotation machine and the flotation column, the coarse particle flotation device has the advantages that the emulsification and the dispersion of the medicament are promoted by adding the ultrasonic waves, the pulsating water flow can be realized by the mechanical damping block, the particle dispersion layering can be strengthened, and the fluidization stability of a bed layer can be maintained by filling the sieve plate, so that the effective flotation of coarse particles is realized.
In order to facilitate feeding into the coarse particle flotation device, a feeding device is arranged on the upper portion of the upper column body 3 and mainly comprises a feeding pipe 4, a feeding buffer bin 5 and a feeding distributor 6, the feeding pipe 4, the feeding buffer bin 5 and the feeding distributor 6 are sequentially connected, the feeding pipe 4 is communicated with the upper column body 3, and the feeding buffer bin 5 and the feeding distributor 6 are arranged in the upper column body 3. Specifically, the feeding pipe 4 passes through the wall surface of the upper column 3 to reach the center of the upper column 3 and communicates with the feeding surge bin 5, and the feeding distributor 6 is disposed at the lower portion of the feeding surge bin 5.
In the embodiment, the feeding buffer bin and the feeding distributor are arranged at the front part of the feeding pipe, so that the impact force of ore pulp is relieved, the ore pulp is firstly stored in the feeding buffer bin and then injected into the upper column body through the feeding distributor, and compared with the situation that the feeding pipe directly feeds materials into the upper column body, the feeding stability and continuity are guaranteed.
The ore pulp passes through a feeding pipe 4 and a feeding buffer bin 5, is continuously and stably fed from the top of an upper column body 3 through a feeding distributor 6, forms counter flow with ascending water flow in the upper column body 3, and particles with the particle settling speed equal to the ascending water flow speed in the ore pulp are suspended in the upper column body to form a loose bed layer with certain density.
The top of the upper column body 3 is also provided with a water spraying device 1 and an overflow trough 2, and the bottom of the overflow trough 2 is provided with a concentrate hole.
Conical mechanical damping blocks 10 are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the upper column body 3, wherein the angle of each conical mechanical damping block 10 is 30-60 degrees, ultrasonic vibrators 8 are distributed in the mechanical damping blocks 10, the ultrasonic frequency is 25 KHz-68 KHz, and the ultrasonic density is 2W/cm 2 ～4W/cm 2 The intermittent step length of ultrasonic generation is 1 s-2 s.
A filling sieve plate 11 is arranged between the upper mechanical damping block 10 and the lower mechanical damping block 10, the thickness of the filling sieve plate 11 is about 5mm, and the size of a sieve pore is 2 mm-8 mm, so that the stability of a bed layer is guaranteed. The arrangement of the filling sieve plate 11 can play a role in buffering, can effectively prevent coarse-grained coal slime in ore pulp from directly entering a tailing dewatering cone without being sorted under the action of gravity, and can also effectively eliminate the adverse effects of ultrasonic waves and mechanical damping block pulsation on bed stability.
The coarse particle flotation device also comprises a lower cone which is arranged at the lower end of the upper cylinder 3 and is a tailing coal dehydration cone 12, wherein the cone angle of the lower cone is 15-60 degrees.
A water distribution plate 13 is arranged in the lower cone, and the inner wall of the lower cone is fully distributed by the water distribution plate 13. In order to form uniform and stable annular jets in the upper column 3, uniform openings are made in the water distributor plate 13, which contributes to the formation of a loose bed.
The coarse particle flotation device also comprises a fluidization water unit which mainly comprises a fluidization water gap 14, a bubble generator 15 and a pressurizing pump 16, wherein the fluidization water gap 14 is communicated with the bubble generator 15, the bubble generator 15 is communicated with the pressurizing pump 16, and the pressurizing pump 16 is connected with a water supply device.
The bottom end of the tailing dewatering cone 12 is a tailing port 17, and a discharge port valve 18 is arranged on the tailing port. An intelligent sensor 19 is arranged in the lower cone, the output end of the intelligent sensor 19 is connected with a PID integrated controller 20, and the output end of the PID integrated controller 20 is respectively connected with the ultrasonic vibrator 8, a pressure pump 16 of the fluidized water unit and a discharge port valve 18.
In the embodiment, water flow sucks air through the bubble generator 15 under a certain pressure, a certain amount of foaming agent is injected into the bubble generator 15, bubbles are introduced into fluidized water, the specific gravity difference among different hydrophobic minerals is increased, the separation precision is improved, and coarse particle concentrate products meeting requirements can be produced.
When the bed density is too high, the intelligent sensor 19 senses a signal, and the PID integrated controller 20 receives the signal of the intelligent sensor 19 and increases the vibration frequency of the ultrasonic vibrator 8 to disperse the bed more fully; when the bed layer falls back to the normal density range, the ultrasonic vibrator 8 recovers the normal frequency; the function makes the equipment have stronger adaptability during production, the sorting precision is more accurate, and the normal and stable operation of the equipment is ensured.
When the density of the bed layer is too high, in order to prevent the equipment from producing accidents, the PID integrated controller 20 receives a transmission signal of the intelligent sensor 19, controls the valve 18 of the discharge port to be completely opened, and quickly discharges tailings, so that the density of the bed layer falls back to a normal range as soon as possible, the possible accidents in the production process are reduced, and the normal and stable operation of the equipment is ensured.
When the density of the bed layer is too high, the PID integrated controller 20 controls the booster pump 16 to change the strength of the pulsating water flow and promote the bed layer to disperse.
The bed layer suspension density in the upper column body can be adjusted through the rising speed of the fluidized water, the ultrasonic frequency and the like, and the coal slime is subjected to interference settling in a loose bed layer and is sorted according to the density. The gangue particles with the density higher than the suspension density in the ore pulp pass through the loose bed layer to move downwards and enter a tailing coal dehydration cone; whereas concentrate particles below the density of the suspension move upwards with the pulsating water flow. Bubbles in the fluidized water are selectively adsorbed to the surfaces of the static ore particles, so that the effective density of the concentrate particles is reduced, the coupling of the ultrasonic waves and the mechanical damping blocks slows down the sinking of coarse particles, promotes the mineralization of the bubbles and the particles, improves the sorting precision, and intelligent fluidization, intelligent tailing discharging and intelligent ultrasonic can be realized by adding the intelligent sensor and the PID integrated controller.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for recovering coarse particles, which can enhance particle dispersion through ultrasonic waves, promote the emulsification of a medicament, mineralize particles bubbles, generate pulsating water flow through a mechanical damping block, realize the enhanced layering of particles, and realize the enhancement by coupling the particles and the mechanical damping block. The filling of the sieve plate can effectively eliminate the adverse effect of ultrasonic and pulsation damping on the stability of the bed layer, ensure stable fluidization and effectively realize the recovery of coarse particles. The addition of the intelligent sensor and the PID can realize the automatic control of the bed layer density, and improve the sorting precision and the adaptability of the equipment.
In the embodiment, the physical regulation method and the chemical regulation method are utilized to strengthen the mineral flotation, and the ultrasonic technology in the physical method is introduced into the flotation, so that the surface property of the mineral can be improved, and the method has important significance for improving the selectivity and the recovery rate of the mineral flotation.
Example 2
The invention discloses a coarse particle flotation method based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and a mechanical damping block, which adopts a coarse particle flotation device based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and a mechanical damping block in embodiment 1 and comprises the following steps:
opening a fluidizing water port, injecting fluidizing water added with foaming agent into the upper cylinder 3, and opening an ultrasonic generator 9 to generate pulsating water flow;
after the rising water flow in the upper column body 3 is stable, uniformly mixing ore pulp, and uniformly feeding the ore pulp into the upper column body 3 through a feeding port;
coarse particle flotation is finished in the upper cylinder 3, a concentrate product is discharged from the concentrate overflow chute 2, and a tailing product is discharged from a tailing dewatering cone 12;
when the intelligent sensor 19 in the lower cone senses that the density of the bed layer in the upper cylinder 3 is too high, a signal is transmitted to the PID integrated controller 20, the PID integrated controller 20 automatically controls the opening of the valve 18 of the discharge opening to increase the discharge speed; PID automatically controls the ultrasonic vibrator 8, increases the ultrasonic frequency and promotes the dispersion of bed materials; PID automatically controls pulsating water flow to promote material dispersion.
The PID intelligent control system can enable the device to achieve intelligent fluidization, intelligent tailing discharging and intelligent ultrasound according to the density of the bed layer in the cylinder.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A coarse particle flotation device based on coupling of ultrasonic waves and mechanical damping blocks is characterized by comprising a cylinder structure, wherein the mechanical damping blocks and ultrasonic vibrators are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the cylinder structure, and filling sieve plates are uniformly arranged in the cylinder structure;
the mechanical damping block is of a conical structure, the ultrasonic vibrator is arranged in a space enclosed by the mechanical damping block and the inner wall of the cylinder structure, and the filling sieve plate is arranged between the mechanical damping blocks of the upper and lower adjacent sieves.
2. The ultrasonic and mechanical damping block coupling based coarse particle flotation device of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic vibrator intermittently generates ultrasonic waves.
3. The ultrasonic and mechanical damping block coupling based coarse particle flotation device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic vibrator has an ultrasonic frequency of 25KHz to 68KHz and an ultrasonic density of 2W/cm 2 -4W/cm 2 The intermittent step length of ultrasonic generation is 1 s-2 s.
4. The ultrasonic and mechanical damping block coupling based coarse particle flotation device according to claim 1, further comprising a cone structure disposed at a lower portion of the cylinder structure, wherein the cone structure has a cone angle of 15 ° to 60 °.
5. The ultrasonic and mechanical damping block coupling based coarse particle flotation device as recited in claim 4, wherein the sorted coarse particle clean coal product is discharged from a concentrate port at the top of the cylindrical structure, and the sorted tail coal is extruded and dehydrated in the conical structure and then discharged through a discharge port valve.
6. The ultrasonic and mechanical damping block coupling based coarse particle flotation device according to claim 5, wherein the outside of the cone structure is provided with a fluidization water unit, and the fluidization water unit comprises a fluidization water gap, a bubble generator and a pressurizing pump which are communicated with each other.
7. The ultrasonic and mechanical damping block coupling-based coarse particle flotation device according to claim 6, wherein an intelligent sensor is arranged inside the cone structure, the output end of the intelligent sensor is connected with an external PID integrated controller, and the output end of the PID integrated controller is respectively connected with the ultrasonic vibrator, the pressure pump and the discharge port valve.
8. A coarse particle flotation method based on the coupling of ultrasonic waves and a mechanical damping block, which is characterized in that the coarse particle flotation device based on the coupling of the ultrasonic waves and the mechanical damping block of any one of claims 1 to 7 is adopted, and the steps comprise:
opening a fluidizing water port, injecting fluidizing water added with foaming agent into the cylinder structure, and opening an ultrasonic generator to generate pulsating water flow in the cylinder structure;
after the rising water flow in the column structure is stable, uniformly feeding the uniformly mixed ore pulp into the column structure through a feeding port;
coarse particle flotation is finished in a cylinder structure, a concentrate product is discharged from a concentrate overflow trough, and a tailing product is discharged from a tailing dehydration cone;
when the intelligent sensor in the cone structure senses that the density of the bed layer in the cylinder structure is too high, the intelligent sensor transmits a signal to the PID integrated controller, and the PID integrated controller automatically controls the opening of the valve of the discharge opening to increase the discharge speed; the PID integrated controller automatically controls the ultrasonic vibrator, increases the ultrasonic frequency and promotes the dispersion of bed materials; the PID integrated controller automatically controls pulsating water flow and promotes material dispersion.
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