CN111389580A - Three-product hydraulic flotation machine for coarse particle recovery and separation method - Google Patents
Three-product hydraulic flotation machine for coarse particle recovery and separation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111389580A CN111389580A CN202010195040.1A CN202010195040A CN111389580A CN 111389580 A CN111389580 A CN 111389580A CN 202010195040 A CN202010195040 A CN 202010195040A CN 111389580 A CN111389580 A CN 111389580A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/62—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by hydraulic classifiers, e.g. of launder, tank, spiral or helical chute concentrator type
- B03B5/623—Upward current classifiers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
Abstract
The invention relates to a three-product hydraulic flotation machine for coarse particle recovery and a separation method, belongs to the technical field of coal slime separation and recovery, and solves the problems that the existing coal slime separation process is complex, the processing capacity is low, the content of mismatched products in the product is high, and the continuity separation and recovery of the coal slime cannot be met. The hydraulic flotation machine for the three-product comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder, wherein the axis of the first cylinder is parallel to the axis of the second cylinder, the bottom of the second cylinder is not higher than the top of the first cylinder, and the top of the first cylinder is communicated with the middle of the second cylinder; the rising water flow velocity in the first column is greater than the rising water flow velocity in the second column. The invention sorts the coal slime through the three-product hydraulic flotation machine with two sections of cylinders connected in parallel in height, refines the sorting process of coarse coal slime, avoids the loss of middlings in tailings, avoids the pollution of middlings to clean coal, improves the quality of the clean coal, and realizes the continuous, accurate and efficient sorting of the coal slime.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal slime separation and recovery, in particular to a three-product hydraulic flotation machine for coarse particle recovery and a separation method.
Background
As is well known, China is a country rich in coal, poor in oil and less in gas, and coal is used as an important pillar of an energy structure in China, and the main position of the coal cannot swing in the development of decades in the future. With the gradual reduction of coal resources and the rapid development of mechanized coal mining and dense medium coal separation, the problem of difficult separation of coal slime in China is further highlighted, and the coal slime has the characteristics of micronization, high ash content, large intergrowth content and the like. The traditional coal slime separation has the problems of weak recovery capacity, strong scale effect, non-uniform variation of floatability and the like, and provides higher requirements for the optimization of the coal slime separation process and equipment.
At present, coal slime is classified according to granularity in a coal preparation plant, the coal slime with the granularity of 2-0.25 mm is called coarse coal slime, and is separated by a TBS (filtered Bed Separator) and a spiral Separator; and (3) the coal slime with the size fraction of 0-0.25 mm is called fine coal slime and is recovered through a flotation machine and a flotation column. The coarse slime separation is usually carried out according to density, and an equal sedimentation phenomenon exists in the sedimentation process, namely, low-specific gravity coarse-grained clean coal and high-specific gravity fine-grained gangue have the same sedimentation speed and are not beneficial to layering; the fine coal slime is separated according to the difference of hydrophobicity, and the phenomenon of coarse particle exists in the flotation process, namely coarse particle clean coal with good hydrophobicity is easy to fall off from the surface of a bubble under the action of self gravity and pulp disturbance and is lost in underflow. In addition, in the actual separation process, the classification effect of the classification cyclone is difficult to control, the process of the coal slime separation system is complex, and the traditional two-product coal slime separation equipment is difficult to meet the current situations of deterioration of coal quality conditions and increase of middlings intergrowth. Therefore, a separation method and equipment which have strong recovery capability, good coal quality adaptability and high separation precision, are particularly suitable for separating coarse particle coal slurry and are designed for three products including clean coal, middlings and gangue are in urgent need of development.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing analysis, the embodiments of the present invention are directed to providing a three-product hydraulic flotation machine and a separation method for coarse particle recovery, so as to solve the problems of complex separation process, low processing capacity, high mismatch content of products, and incapability of satisfying continuous separation and recovery of coal slurry in the existing coal slurry separation process.
In one aspect, the invention provides a three-product hydraulic flotation machine for coarse particle recovery, which comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder, wherein the axis of the first cylinder is parallel to the axis of the second cylinder, the bottom of the second cylinder is not higher than the top of the first cylinder, and the top of the first cylinder is communicated with the middle of the second cylinder; the velocity of the rising water flow in the first column is greater than the velocity of the rising water flow in the second column.
Further, low-density roughing is adopted in the first cylinder, and high-density fine selection is adopted in the second cylinder; the middlings product in the second column can be separately recovered.
Further, the first cylinder comprises a tailing dewatering cone and a first filling sieve plate, wherein the tailing dewatering cone is arranged at the bottom of the first cylinder, and the first filling sieve plate is arranged at the upper part of the tailing dewatering cone.
Furthermore, the second column body comprises a first water distribution plate and a middlings dewatering cone, the middlings dewatering cone is arranged at the lower end of the second column body, and the first water distribution plate is arranged on the inner wall of the middlings dewatering cone.
Furthermore, the cone angle of the tail coal dehydration cone and the cone angle of the middling dehydration cone are both 15-60 degrees.
Further, the second column further comprises a concentrate port arranged at the top of the second column.
Further, the sorted clean coal product can be freely discharged from a concentrate port; the sorted middling product can be discharged after being extruded and dehydrated in a middling dehydration cone; the sorted tailing coal products can be discharged after being extruded and dehydrated in a tailing coal dehydration cone.
Further, the three-product hydraulic flotation machine also comprises a fluidizing water unit, wherein the fluidizing water unit comprises a first fluidizing water port, a second fluidizing water port and a bubble generator; and the first fluidization water gap and the second fluidization water gap are both connected with the bubble generator.
Further, the first fluidization water gap is connected with a tail coal dehydration cone, and the second fluidization water gap is connected with a middling dehydration cone; and the first fluidization water gap and the second fluidization water gap are both provided with automatic control valves.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a three-product hydraulic flotation machine for coarse particle recovery, the three-product hydraulic flotation machine implementing the method, comprising:
step 1: injecting fluidizing water;
opening valves of the first fluidizing water port and the second fluidizing water port, and respectively injecting fluidizing water containing foaming agents into the first cylinder and the second cylinder;
step 2: injecting ore pulp;
when ascending water flow in the first column is stable, the evenly stirred ore pulp is continuously and evenly fed from the top of the first column to form a first bed layer;
and step 3: coal slime fine selection;
the overflow product separated by the first column enters the second column, and particles with the settling velocity equal to the ascending water flow velocity in the overflow product form a second bed layer; the middling product passes through the second bed layer and enters the middling dehydration cone, and the clean coal product floats upwards;
and 4, step 4: collecting coal slime;
the clean coal product is freely discharged from a concentrate port, and the middlings and the tailing products are respectively discharged from a middling dehydration cone and a tailing dehydration cone.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the first cylinder and the second cylinder which are connected in parallel in height are arranged, the separation density is controlled by the ascending water flow speed, the ascending water flow speed of the first cylinder is higher than that of the second cylinder, low-density rough separation is adopted in the first cylinder, and high-density gangue minerals are separated in advance; the second column body adopts high-density concentration, so that the quality of clean coal is further improved, and the middling products which do not float upwards in the second column body are separately recovered, so that the loss of middling in tailings is avoided, the pollution of middling to clean coal is also avoided, and the maximization of resource benefit is realized;
(2) according to the invention, the water distribution plates are arranged in the dehydration cones at the bottoms of the first column body and the second column body, and the ascending water flow is fed in an annular jet manner, so that the disturbance of the ascending water flow to a bed layer is avoided, and the formation of a loose bed layer is facilitated;
(3) according to the invention, the filling sieve plates are arranged at the bottoms of the first cylinder and the second cylinder, so that on one hand, a buffering effect is achieved, and coarse-particle coal slime in ore pulp is prevented from directly entering the tailing dewatering cone without being sorted due to the inertia effect; on the other hand, the filling sieve plate is used as an artificial bed layer, so that the materials can quickly form a bed layer in the column body, the separation preparation time is shortened, and the separation efficiency is improved;
(4) according to the invention, the inclined plate is arranged in the second column body, the floating clean coal product is hindered by the inclined plate, the floating speed is reduced, the bubbles are merged, and the secondary enrichment of the clean coal product is realized by matching with the spray header at the top of the second column body, so that part of hydrophilic fine mud particles are prevented from floating with water flow and bubbles, and the quality of the clean coal product is improved.
(5) According to the invention, the automatic control valves are arranged at the first fluidization water gap and the second fluidization water gap, so that the water flow speed inside the first cylinder and the second cylinder is flexibly adjustable, the actual production requirement and the change of coal quality conditions can be met, and the coarse coal slime is continuously, accurately and efficiently sorted;
(6) according to the invention, the bubble generator is connected with the pressure pump, and air bubbles in water are introduced, so that the specific gravity difference among different hydrophobic mineral components is enlarged, the separation precision is improved, three products of clean coal, middlings and tailings meeting the production requirements are produced according to the properties of the selected raw coal, and the economic benefit maximization is realized;
(7) the invention combines two sections of fluidization separation by controlling, avoids the adverse effect of the turbulence of the flow field in the traditional mechanical stirring flotation machine, eliminates the limitation of particle buoyancy by the upward fluidized water flow, realizes the high-efficiency separation of the wide-size coal slime according to the density difference, and is particularly suitable for the refined recovery of the coal slime containing coarse particles; the design of three products of fine gangue is adopted, the traditional coarse slime separation process is refined, and the method is suitable for the current situation of resources with complicated mechanical mining and coal quality conditions; the moderate flow field environment inside the three-product hydraulic flotation machine and the separation process without foam layer aggregation improve the adhesion effect among particle bubbles and avoid the falling of coarse particle minerals from the surfaces of the bubbles caused by the combination of flow field shear stress and the bubbles.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-product hydraulic flotation machine of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a first column; 11-a feeding device; 111-a feeding pipe; 112-feeding buffer bin; 113-a feed distributor; 12-a second water distribution plate; 13-tail coal dehydration cone; 131-tailing port; 14-first filling screen deck; 2-a second column; 21-a spray header; 22-a first water distribution plate; 23-medium coal dehydration cone; 24-a second filling screen deck; 25-inclined plates; 26-an overflow trough; 27-concentrate mouth; 31-a first fluidization gate; 32-a second fluidization gate; 33-a bubble generator; 34-a pressure pump.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example one
The invention discloses a three-product hydraulic flotation machine for recovering coarse particles, which comprises a first cylinder 1 and a second cylinder 2 which are connected in parallel in height, wherein the axis of the first cylinder 1 is parallel to the axis of the second cylinder 2, the bottom of the second cylinder 2 is not higher than the top of the first cylinder 1, the top of the first cylinder 1 is communicated with the middle of the second cylinder 2, the inner diameter ratio of the first cylinder 1 to the second cylinder 2 is 1.5-3: 1, a feeding device 11 is arranged at the upper end of the first cylinder 1, the feeding device 11 is connected with an external ore pulp pre-processor, a spray water pipe 21 is arranged at the upper end of the second cylinder 2, and the spray water pipe 21 is connected with an external clear water pipe.
It should be noted that the heights of the first column 1 and the second column 2 can be adjusted according to actual sorting requirements, and in this embodiment, the inner diameter ratio of the first column 1 to the second column 2 is 2: 1.
Compared with the traditional flotation machine and flotation column, the three-product hydraulic flotation machine of the embodiment adopts the parallel connection design of the first column body and the second column body in height, the separation density is controlled by the ascending water flow speed, the ascending water flow speed of the first column body is higher than that of the second column body, low-density roughing is adopted in the first column body, and high-density gangue minerals are separated in advance; the second column body adopts high-density concentration, so that the quality of clean coal is further improved, and the middling products which do not float upwards in the second column body are separately recovered, so that the loss of middling in tailings is avoided, the pollution of middling to clean coal is also avoided, and the resource benefit is maximized.
In order to facilitate feeding into the three-product hydraulic flotation machine, a feeding device 11 is arranged at the upper end of the first column body 1, the feeding device 11 comprises a feeding pipe 111, a feeding buffer bin 112 and a feeding distributor 113, the feeding pipe 111, the feeding buffer bin 112 and the feeding distributor 113 are sequentially connected, the feeding pipe 111 is connected with the first column body 1, and the feeding buffer bin 112 and the feeding distributor 113 are arranged inside the first column body 1; specifically, one end of the feeding pipe 111 penetrates through the wall surface of the first column 1, the other end is connected with the feeding buffer bin 112, and the feeding distributor 113 is arranged at the lower end of the feeding buffer bin 112.
In this embodiment, the feeding buffer bin 112 and the feeding distributor 113 are disposed at the front end of the feeding pipe 111, so as to reduce the impact force of the slurry entering through the feeding pipe 111, store the slurry into the feeding buffer bin 112, and inject the slurry into the first column 1 through the feeding distributor 113, which ensures the continuity and stability of the slurry in the injecting process compared with the slurry directly injected into the first column 1 through the feeding pipe 111.
It should be noted that, the uniformly stirred ore slurry is continuously and stably fed from the top of the first column 13 through the feeding pipe 111 and the feeding buffer bin 112 by the feeding distributor 113, and forms a counter flow with the rising fluidized water, and particles with a settling velocity equal to the rising water flow velocity in the feeding material suspend in the first column 1 to form a loose bed layer with a certain density, i.e. a first bed layer.
The first column 1 further comprises a second water distribution plate 12, a tail coal dehydration cone 13 and a first filling sieve plate 14, wherein the tail coal dehydration cone 13 is arranged at the lower end of the first column 1, the second water distribution plate 12 is arranged inside the tail coal dehydration cone 13, and the first filling sieve plate 14 is arranged at the lower end of the first column 1; specifically, the lower end of the bottom of the first column body 1 is provided with a conical structure, namely a tailing coal dehydration cone 13, the cone angle is 15-60 degrees, the second water distribution plate 12 is arranged on the inner wall of the tailing coal dehydration cone 13, and the first filling sieve plate 14 is embedded on the circular section of the bottom of the first column body 1; in this embodiment, the cone angle of the tail coal dehydration cone 13 is 30 °, and the second water distribution plate 12 is fully distributed on the inner wall of the whole tail coal dehydration cone 13.
In order to form uniform and stable annular jet flow in the first column body 1, the second water distribution plate 12 is provided with uniform through holes, and the uniform and stable annular jet flow avoids disturbance to a bed layer, thereby being beneficial to the formation of a loose bed layer.
In the embodiment, the first filling sieve plate 14 is arranged at the bottom of the first column 1, so that on one hand, a buffering effect is achieved, and coarse-particle coal slime in ore pulp is prevented from directly entering the tailing dewatering cone 13 without being sorted due to the inertia effect; on the other hand, the first filling sieve plate 14 is used as an artificial bed layer, which is beneficial to the rapid formation of the first bed layer in the first column body 1, the separation preparation time is shortened, and the separation efficiency is improved.
The bottom of tailing dewatering cone 13 is provided with tailing mouth 131 for collect the tailing, is provided with the through-hole on the lateral wall of tailing dewatering cone 13, is used for being connected with first fluidization mouth of a river 31.
The second column body 2 further comprises a first water distribution plate 22, a middlings dehydration cone 23 and a second filling sieve plate 24, wherein the middlings dehydration cone 23 is arranged at the lower end of the second column body 2, the first water distribution plate 22 is arranged inside the middlings dehydration cone 23, and the second filling sieve plate 24 is arranged at the lower end of the second column body 2; specifically, the lower end of the bottom of the second column body 2 is provided with a conical structure, namely a middling dewatering cone 23, the cone angle is 15-60 degrees, the first water distribution plate 22 is arranged on the inner wall of the middling dewatering cone 23, and the second filling sieve plate 24 is embedded on the circular section of the bottom of the second column body 2; in this embodiment, the cone angle of the middlings dewatering cone 23 is 30 °, and the first water distribution plates 22 are distributed over the inner wall of the whole middlings dewatering cone 23.
In order to form uniform and stable annular jet flow in the second column body 2, the first water distribution plate 22 is provided with uniform through holes, and the uniform and stable annular jet flow avoids disturbance to a bed layer, thereby being beneficial to the formation of a loose bed layer.
In the embodiment, the second filling sieve plate 24 is arranged at the bottom of the second column 2, so that on one hand, a buffering effect is achieved, and coarse particle coal slime in ore pulp is prevented from directly entering the middling dewatering cone 23 without being sorted due to the inertia effect; on the other hand, the second filling sieve plate 24 is used as an artificial bed layer, so that the materials can quickly form a second bed layer in the second column body 2, the separation preparation time is shortened, and the separation efficiency is improved.
The bottom of the middlings dehydration cone 23 is provided with a middlings opening 231 for collecting middlings, and the side wall of the middlings dehydration cone 23 is provided with a through hole for connecting with the second fluidization water gap 32.
The second column body 2 further comprises an inclined plate 25, an overflow groove 26 and a concentrate opening 27, the inclined plate 25 is arranged inside the second column body 2, the overflow groove 26 and the concentrate opening 27 are both arranged at the top of the second column body 2, and the overflow groove 26 is connected with the concentrate opening 27; specifically, 2-4 groups of inclined plates 25 are arranged, each group of inclined plates 25 is 2, and the included angle between each inclined plate 25 and the horizontal plane is 15-75 degrees; in the present embodiment, the inclined plates 25 are provided with 3 sets of inclined plates 25 having 45 ° and 75 ° angles alternately.
The clean coal product of come-up in the second cylinder 2 receives the hindrance effect of hang plate 25, and the come-up speed reduces, takes place to merge between the bubble, and the shower 21 at 2 tops of cooperation second cylinder realizes the secondary enrichment to the clean coal product, has avoided the hydrophilic silt particle of part to come-up along with rivers and bubble, has improved clean coal product quality.
It should be noted that the sorted clean coal product is collected by the overflow chute 26 and then freely discharged from the clean ore port 27, and the sorted middlings and tailings products are squeezed and dehydrated in the middlings dehydration cone 23 and the tailings dehydration cone 13 respectively. Pressure sensors are arranged at the bottoms of the tailing dewatering cone 13 and the middling dewatering cone 23, and when the pressure is larger than a set value, a discharging rolling plate at the bottom of the dewatering cone is opened, and discharging is carried out through a tailing port 131 and/or a middling port 231; and when the pressure is less than the set value, closing the discharging rolling plate at the bottom of the dehydration cone, and finishing discharging.
In this embodiment, the overflow product separated by the first column 1 enters the second column 2 for concentration, and in the second column 2, particles with the settling velocity equal to the velocity of the ascending water flow in the overflow product form a second bed layer. The bubbles dispersed in the ascending water flow are preferentially adsorbed on the surface of clean coal, so that the density of the bubbles is lower than that of the suspension of the second bed layer and the bubbles float upwards; the middlings with the density higher than that of the bed layer pass through the second bed layer and enter the middlings dehydration cone 23.
The three-product hydraulic flotation machine also comprises a fluidizing water unit, wherein the fluidizing water unit comprises a first fluidizing water port 31, a second fluidizing water port 32, a bubble generator 33 and a pressurizing pump 34, the first fluidizing water port 31 and the second fluidizing water port 32 are both connected with the bubble generator 33, and the bubble generator 33 is connected with the pressurizing pump 34; specifically, the first fluidization water gap 31 is connected with the tail coal dehydration cone 13, the second fluidization water gap 32 is connected with the middlings dehydration cone 23, the first fluidization water gap 31 is communicated with the second fluidization water gap 32 through a pipeline, and the pressurizing pump 34 is connected with the water supply device through a pipeline.
It should be noted that the water flow sucks air through the bubble generator 33 by means of a certain pressure jet flow, a certain amount of foaming agent is added into the water flow through the bubble generator 33, and the introduction of air bubbles in the fluidized water enlarges the specific gravity difference among different hydrophobic mineral components, is beneficial to improving the separation precision, and three products of clean coal, middlings and tailings meeting the production requirements are produced according to the properties of the selected raw coal, so that the economic benefit maximization is realized.
Automatic control valves are arranged at the inlets of the first fluidized water gap 31 and the second fluidized water gap 32 and used for adjusting the opening and closing conditions of the valves, the rising speed of water flow in the first cylinder 1 is higher than that of water flow in the second cylinder 2, the water flow speed in the cylinders can be flexibly adjusted due to the arrangement of the automatic control valves, actual production requirements and changes of coal quality conditions can be met, and continuous, accurate and efficient separation of coarse coal slime is achieved.
In this embodiment, after the fluidized water jet enters the column, along with the release of the pressure in the fluidized water, the gas is separated out and dispersed into small bubbles to move upward along with the water flow, the sizes of the valves on the first and second fluidizing water ports 31 and 32 are adjusted, and the rising speed of the water flow in the first column 1 is controlled to be higher than that of the water flow in the second column 2, so that the volume concentration of solids in the first bed layer is smaller than that in the second bed layer, that is, the density of the suspension in the first bed layer is lower than that in the second bed layer, which is beneficial to avoiding the entrainment of coarse-particle fine coal mixed into the underflow and high-ash fine mud.
The density of suspension in the bed layer can be adjusted by the rising speed of the fluidized water, the coal slime is disturbed and settled in the loose bed layer and is sorted according to the density, and gangue particles higher than the density of the suspension in the feed material pass through the loose bed layer to move downwards and enter a tailing dewatering cone 13; the clean coal particles lower than the density of the suspension body in the feeding material move upwards along with the water flow and enter the second cylinder 2 for fine selection. According to the hydrophobic difference of the surfaces of the gangue particles with high specific gravity and the clean coal particles with low specific gravity, the air bubbles dispersed in the fluidized water are selectively adsorbed on the surfaces of the clean coal particles, so that the effective density of the clean coal particles is reduced, the apparent density difference between the clean coal particles and the gangue particles is enlarged, the low specific gravity coarse particles are prevented from being lost in the underflow with high specific gravity, the mismatching of material products is reduced, the sorting precision is improved, and the low specific gravity coarse particles are prevented from being lost in the underflow with high specific gravity.
Example two
In another embodiment of the present invention, a three-product hydraulic separation method for coarse particle recovery is disclosed, which is implemented by a three-product hydraulic flotation machine implementing one, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: the valves of the first and second fluidising nozzles 31, 32 are opened and the pressure pump 34 is activated and the water stream draws in air through the bubble generator 18 in a jet of a certain pressure and adds a certain amount of foaming agent to the water stream through the bubble generator 18.
The foaming agent is sec-octanol, methyl isobutyl carbinol, methyl amyl alcohol or dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide, and the dosage is 0.2-2 kg/t; in the embodiment, the foaming agent is sec-octanol, and the dosage is 0.5 kg/t. The introduction of air bubbles in the fluidized water enlarges the specific gravity difference among different hydrophobic mineral components, is beneficial to improving the separation precision, and produces three products of clean coal, middlings and tailings meeting the production requirements aiming at the properties of the selected raw coal, thereby realizing the maximization of economic benefit.
The fluidized water containing foaming agent enters the first cylinder 1 and the second cylinder 2 from the side walls of the tail coal dehydration cone 13 and the middlings dehydration cone 23 respectively, the side walls of the tail coal dehydration cone 13 and the middlings dehydration cone 23 are provided with water distribution plates, the pressurized fluidized water containing air is fed into the first cylinder 1 and the second cylinder 2 through uniform annular jet flows with openings on the water distribution plates, and the uniform and stable annular jet flows avoid disturbance to a bed layer and are favorable for forming a loose bed layer.
Step 2: when the liquid level of the ascending water flow in the first column 1 is close to the feeding distributor 113 and the liquid level of the ascending water flow has no obvious fluctuation, namely after the ascending water flow is stable, the feeding pipe 111 is opened, the uniformly stirred ore pulp passes through the feeding buffer bin 112, is continuously and stably fed from the top of the first column 1 by the feeding distributor 113 and forms counter flow with the ascending fluidized water, and particles with the settling velocity equal to the ascending water flow velocity in the feeding are suspended in the first column 1 to form a loose bed layer with certain density, namely a first bed layer.
The first filling sieve plate 14 arranged in the first column body 1 plays a role in buffering on one hand, and prevents coarse-particle coal slime in ore pulp from directly entering the tailing dewatering cone 13 without being sorted due to the inertia effect; on the other hand, as an artificial bed layer, the material can quickly form a first bed layer in the first column body 1, and the separation efficiency is improved.
And step 3: the overflow product separated by the first column 1 enters the second column 5 from the top of the first column 1 for fine separation, and particles with the settling velocity equal to the ascending water flow velocity in the overflow product form a second bed layer in the second column 2. The bubbles dispersed in the ascending water flow are preferentially adsorbed on the surface of clean coal, so that the density of the bubbles is lower than that of the suspension of the second bed layer and the bubbles float upwards; the middlings with the density higher than that of the bed layer pass through the second bed layer and enter the middlings dehydration cone 23.
The clean coal product of come-up in the second cylinder 2 receives the hindrance effect of hang plate 25, and the come-up speed reduces, takes place to merge between the bubble, and the shower 21 at 2 tops of cooperation second cylinder realizes the secondary enrichment to the clean coal product, has avoided the hydrophilic silt particle of part to come-up along with rivers and bubble, has improved clean coal product quality.
And 4, step 4: the sorted clean coal products are collected by an overflow groove 26 and then freely discharged from a clean ore port 27, and the sorted middlings and tailings products are extruded and dehydrated in a middling dehydration cone 23 and a tailings dehydration cone 13 respectively. Pressure sensors are arranged at the bottoms of the dehydration cones, and when the pressure is greater than a set value, a discharge rolling plate at the bottom of the dehydration cone is opened to discharge; and when the pressure is less than the set value, closing the discharging rolling plate at the bottom of the dehydration cone, and finishing discharging.
In the embodiment, by controlling the combination of two sections of fluidization and separation, the adverse effect of the turbulence of the flow field in the traditional mechanical stirring flotation machine is avoided, the limitation of particle buoyancy is eliminated by upward fluidized water flow, the efficient separation of wide-size coal slime according to density difference is realized, and the method is particularly suitable for the refined recovery of the coal slime containing coarse particles; the design of three products of fine gangue is adopted, the traditional coarse slime separation process is refined, and the method is suitable for the current situation of resources with complicated mechanical mining and coal quality conditions; the moderate flow field environment inside the three-product hydraulic flotation machine and the design of the separation process without foam layer aggregation improve the adhesion effect among particle bubbles and avoid the falling of coarse particle minerals from the surfaces of the bubbles due to the combination of flow field shear stress and the bubbles.
According to the three-product hydraulic flotation machine and the separation method for coarse particle recovery, two sections of columns are connected in parallel in height, the separation density is controlled by the ascending water flow speed, the coal slime is separated by the three-product hydraulic flotation machine formed by the first column with the ascending water flow speed higher than that of the second column, the separation process of coarse coal slime is refined, the loss of middlings in tailings is avoided, the pollution of the middlings to clean coal is avoided, the quality of the clean coal is improved, and the continuous, accurate and efficient separation of the coal slime is realized.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A three-product hydraulic flotation machine for coarse particle recovery is characterized by comprising a first cylinder (1) and a second cylinder (2), wherein the axis of the first cylinder (1) is parallel to the axis of the second cylinder (2), the bottom of the second cylinder (2) is not higher than the top of the first cylinder (1), and the top of the first cylinder (1) is communicated with the middle of the second cylinder (2); the velocity of the rising water flow in the first column (1) is greater than the velocity of the rising water flow in the second column (2).
2. A three-product hydraulic flotation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the first column (1) is internally roughed and the second column (2) is internally roughed; the middlings in the second column (2) can be recovered separately.
3. A triple product hydraulic flotation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the first column (1) comprises a tailing dewatering cone (13) arranged at the bottom of the first column (1) and a first packing screen deck (14), the first packing screen deck (14) being arranged at the upper part of the tailing dewatering cone (13).
4. A three-product hydraulic flotation machine according to claim 3, characterized in that the second column (2) comprises a first water distribution plate (22) and a middlings dewatering cone (23), the middlings dewatering cone (23) being arranged at the lower end of the second column (2), the first water distribution plate (22) being arranged on the inner wall of the middlings dewatering cone (23).
5. A three-product hydraulic flotation machine according to claim 4, characterized in that the cone angles of the tailing coal dewatering cone (13) and the middlings dewatering cone (23) are both 15-60 °.
6. A three-product hydraulic flotation machine according to claim 5, characterized in that the second column (2) further comprises a concentrate port (27) arranged at the top thereof.
7. A triple product hydraulic flotation machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the sorted clean coal product can be discharged freely from the concentrate mouth (27); the sorted middling product can be discharged after being extruded and dehydrated in a middling dehydration cone (23); the sorted tail coal product can be discharged after being extruded and dehydrated in a tail coal dehydration cone (13).
8. A three-product hydraulic flotation machine according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising a fluidization water unit comprising a first fluidization water port (31), a second fluidization water port (32) and a bubble generator (33); the first fluidization water gap (31) and the second fluidization water gap (32) are both connected with a bubble generator (33).
9. A triple product hydraulic flotation machine according to claim 8, characterized in that the first fluidization water gap (31) is connected with a tailing dewatering cone (13) and the second fluidization water gap (32) is connected with a middling dewatering cone (23); and the first fluidization water gap (31) and the second fluidization water gap (32) are both provided with automatic control valves.
10. A three-product hydraulic sorting method for coarse particle recovery, characterized in that it is implemented using a three-product hydraulic flotation machine according to claims 1-9, the steps comprising:
step 1: injecting fluidizing water;
opening valves of a first fluidization water gap (31) and a second fluidization water gap (32) to inject fluidization water into the first cylinder (1) and the second cylinder (2) respectively;
step 2: injecting ore pulp;
when the ascending water flow in the first column (1) is stable, feeding ore pulp from the top of the first column (1) to form a first bed layer;
and step 3: coal slime fine selection;
overflow products separated by the first column (1) enter the second column (2), and particles in the overflow products form a second bed layer; the middling product passes through the second bed layer and enters a middling dehydration cone (23), and the clean coal product floats upwards;
and 4, step 4: collecting coal slime;
the clean coal product is freely discharged from a clean ore port (27), and the middling coal and the tailing coal product are respectively discharged from a middling coal dehydration cone (23) and a tailing coal dehydration cone (13).
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