CN110665633B - Micro-fine particle mineral separation system and separation method combining gravity separation and flotation - Google Patents
Micro-fine particle mineral separation system and separation method combining gravity separation and flotation Download PDFInfo
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- CN110665633B CN110665633B CN201910961305.1A CN201910961305A CN110665633B CN 110665633 B CN110665633 B CN 110665633B CN 201910961305 A CN201910961305 A CN 201910961305A CN 110665633 B CN110665633 B CN 110665633B
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- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 257
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 101100190466 Caenorhabditis elegans pid-3 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 101000609957 Homo sapiens PTB-containing, cubilin and LRP1-interacting protein Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 101150109471 PID2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102100039157 PTB-containing, cubilin and LRP1-interacting protein Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008396 flotation agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
- B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
- B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
- B03B5/44—Application of particular media therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1443—Feed or discharge mechanisms for flotation tanks
- B03D1/145—Feed mechanisms for reagents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1443—Feed or discharge mechanisms for flotation tanks
- B03D1/1462—Discharge mechanisms for the froth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/14—Flotation machines
- B03D1/1487—Means for cleaning or maintenance
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a micro-fine particle mineral separation system and a micro-fine particle mineral separation method combining gravity separation and flotation, and belongs to the technical field of micro-fine particle mineral separation. The technical problems that the existing sorting device is complex in structure and the sorting method is low in efficiency are solved. The sorting system comprises a gravity separation unit, a flotation unit, an ultrasonic unit and a centralized control unit; the flotation unit comprises a flotation section cylinder and a middling circulating device; the gravity unit comprises a gravity section cylinder, a magnetic field generating device, a magnetic medium suspension liquid feeding port and an ore pulp feeding port; the bottom of the flotation section cylinder is embedded in the gravity section cylinder, and a cavity formed by the outer wall of the flotation section cylinder and the inner wall of the gravity section cylinder is a flotation material channel; the magnetic field generating device is used for enabling the magnetic medium suspension to form a gradient density field in the gravity section cylinder. The flotation unit and the gravity separation unit are designed in an internal and external nested mode, gravity separation and flotation are integrated in a single separation device, and the device is simple in structure, high in separation efficiency and wide in adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-fine particle mineral separation, in particular to a micro-fine particle mineral separation system and a micro-fine particle mineral separation method combining gravity separation and flotation.
Background
In the field of mineral processing industry production, the existing sorting equipment for fine mineral particles is mainly divided into a flotation column and a flotation machine, the flotation column generally has the following characteristics relative to the flotation machine, the flotation machine generally has a series connection structure of a plurality of sections of groove bodies, the flotation machine plays the roles of multiple flotation and yield improvement through continuous work, and the flotation column realizes flotation operation in a single column body. The single flotation column can replace the multi-section operation of a flotation machine, and the process flow is simplified. The flow state of the ore pulp is relatively stable in the working process of the flotation column, and the thickness and the selectivity of the foam layer in the column body are high. And no transmission part is arranged in the flotation column body, so that the energy consumption is low. The column type design has the advantages of small occupied area, convenient infrastructure, simple operation and low maintenance cost.
In actual production, as equipment in each stage before flotation is worn, the mismatching rate of coarse particles in a flotation feed material is increased, the flotation has higher requirement on the granularity of the selected mineral, the feed material granularity is generally required to be below 0.5mm, and the flotation recovery effect is poor for relatively coarse particles with the granularity of more than 0.5 mm. Many washing plants therefore have a "cut-off" process prior to flotation, with the aim of reducing the coarse content of the material entering the flotation. The coarse particles are higher in self mass, bubbles with larger volume and strength are needed for floating in the flotation column, and the buoyancy force formed by the common bubbles is not enough to bring the coarse particles into a foam layer; the coarse particles have relatively small specific surface area and relatively poor adhesion to the bubbles, cannot maintain the adhesion time and strength required by flotation, and are easily separated from the bubbles. Therefore, coarse minerals tend to sink into the tailings during flotation, reducing the concentrate recovery.
In addition, some floatation equipment for fine-grained minerals usually introduces a mechanical transmission system in order to improve the separation effect, but the energy consumption is greatly increased. In the traditional flotation column separation process, the micro bubbles are easy to combine into large bubbles and are broken, so that back mixing is caused, and flotation is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the foregoing analysis, embodiments of the present invention are directed to provide a micro-fine mineral separation apparatus and method combining gravity separation and flotation, which are used to solve the technical problems of complex structure and low separation efficiency of the existing micro-fine mineral separation apparatus for some micro-fine minerals that are difficult to separate.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
on one hand, the invention discloses a micro-fine particle mineral separation system combining gravity separation and flotation, which comprises a gravity separation unit, a flotation unit, an ultrasonic unit and a centralized control unit; the flotation unit comprises a flotation section cylinder and a middling circulating device; the gravity unit comprises a gravity section cylinder, a magnetic field generating device, a magnetic medium suspension liquid feeding port and an ore pulp feeding port; the bottom of the flotation section cylinder is embedded in the gravity section cylinder, and a cavity formed by the outer wall of the flotation section cylinder and the inner wall of the gravity section cylinder is a flotation material channel; the middling circulating device is used for circularly floating materials; the magnetic field generating device is used for forming a gradient density field in the magnetic medium suspension liquid in the gravity separation section cylinder; the ultrasonic unit is arranged at the bottom of the reselection unit and is connected with the reselection unit; the ultrasonic unit enables the sorting device to generate vibration; the centralized control unit is respectively connected with the flotation unit, the gravity unit and the ultrasonic unit.
In one possible design, the gravity separation unit further comprises a tailing discharge opening, and the tailing discharge opening is arranged at the bottom of the gravity separation section cylinder; the magnetic medium suspension liquid feeding port and the ore pulp feeding port are vertically arranged; the magnetic medium suspension is directly driven into the gravity concentration section column along the plane center direction of the gravity concentration section column, and the ore pulp material is fed into the gravity concentration section column along the tangential direction of the gravity concentration section column.
In one possible design, the magnetic field generating device comprises a first coil and a second coil, wherein the second coil is positioned below the first coil, and the diameter of the second coil is larger than that of the first coil; the magnetic medium suspension liquid feeding port and the ore pulp feeding port are both arranged between the first coil and the second coil.
In one possible design, the flotation unit further comprises a flotation feed port, a flotation concentrate discharge port, a flotation tailing discharge port, a water spray device and a middling circulation device; the top of the column body of the flotation section is provided with a foam collecting tank, and a flotation concentrate discharge port is arranged at the bottom end of one side of the foam collecting tank; the spray water device is arranged above the foam collecting tank; the flotation tailing discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the flotation section column body; and light materials generated by gravity separation of the gravity separation section cylinder enter the flotation section cylinder through the flotation material channel and the flotation feeding port, and flotation concentrate and flotation tailings are formed after flotation.
In one possible design, the middling circulating device comprises a middling inverted cone, a middling circulating pump and a middling circulating pipe; the bottom of the middling inverted cone is connected with a middling circulating pump through a middling circulating pipe, and a flotation reagent adding pipe and an air bubble generator are arranged on the middling circulating pipe.
In one possible design, the fine particle mineral separation system further comprises a supporting and fixing unit, wherein the supporting and fixing unit comprises an elastic support and a flotation section cylinder fixing device; the elastic support is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic unit and used for supporting the gravity separation unit, the flotation unit and the ultrasonic unit; the flotation section cylinder fixing device is used for fixing the flotation section cylinder.
In one possible design, the first coil and the second coil are respectively connected with a first direct current power supply and a second direct current power supply; the centralized control unit comprises a PID1 controller, a PID2 controller, a PID3 controller, a data acquisition device, a data processing device and a data display device; the PID1 controller is used for controlling the on-off of the first DC power supply and the second DC power supply, and the PID2 controller is used for controlling the on-off of the ultrasonic unit; the PID3 controller is used for controlling the water supply quantity of the spray water device and the working parameters of the middling circulating pump, and the output ends of the PID1 controller, the PID2 controller and the PID3 controller are connected with the data acquisition device, the data processing device and the data display device.
In one possible design, the ultrasonic unit comprises a first ultrasonic generator, a second ultrasonic generator, a third ultrasonic generator and a fourth ultrasonic generator which are uniformly distributed on the ultrasonic vibration table and connected with the ultrasonic vibration table.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a micro-fine mineral separation method combining gravity separation and flotation, which adopts any one of the micro-fine mineral separation systems, and comprises the following steps:
step 2, firstly, feeding a magnetic medium suspension into a gravity separation section column, feeding an ore pulp material to be processed into the gravity separation section column after the magnetic medium suspension forms a stable step density field under the action of a magnetic field, wherein the ore pulp material forms a light material and a heavy material after gravity separation, the light material sequentially enters the flotation section column through a flotation material channel and a flotation material inlet, and the heavy material is discharged from the gravity separation section column through a tailing discharge port;
and 3, starting the middling circulating device, performing flotation on the pulp material in the flotation section to generate flotation concentrate and flotation tailings, and discharging the flotation concentrate and the flotation tailings out of the flotation unit through a flotation concentrate discharge port and a flotation tailing discharge port respectively.
Further, in the step 1, a step density field in which the density of the suspension is gradually increased from top to bottom is formed in the gravity separation section cylinder under the combined action of the first coil and the second coil, the ore pulp material is effectively separated under the action of the step density field, the light material floats upwards, and the heavy material sinks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the invention, the bottom of the flotation section cylinder is embedded in the gravity section cylinder, the bottom end of the flotation section cylinder is positioned at the height position of the middle part of the gravity section cylinder, a cavity formed by the outer wall of the flotation section cylinder and the inner wall of the gravity section cylinder is a flotation material channel, and light materials formed after gravity separation enter the flotation section cylinder along the flotation material channel; according to the invention, the flotation section cylinder and the gravity separation section cylinder adopt an internal and external nested structure, so that gravity separation and flotation integrated design is realized.
(2) The magnetic field generating device is arranged at the bottom of the gravity separation section cylinder and comprises a first coil and a second coil, and after the first coil and the second coil are electrified, a step magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity changing from weak to strong from top to bottom can be formed in the gravity separation section cylinder; feeding magnetic medium suspension liquid into the gravity separation section column, wherein the magnetic medium suspension liquid forms a step density field under the action of a step magnetic field; and then feeding the ore pulp to be treated, effectively separating ore pulp materials in the gradient density field, floating light materials, and sinking heavy materials.
(3) Set up the ultrasonic unit in reselecting section cylinder below, this ultrasonic unit and reselect unit rigid connection, reselect section cylinder and ultrasonic vibration platform rigid connection promptly, when ultrasonic vibration platform is in the high-frequency vibration state, reselect section cylinder and flotation section cylinder and be in the high-frequency vibration state equally, not only can assist the ore pulp material to strengthen reselecting the separation effect under the high-frequency vibration state like this, improve the separation precision, reduce the mismatch rate, and high-frequency vibration is favorable to the dispersion of flotation reagent and the stability of flotation microbubble, the recovery to useful mineral is improved, strengthen the flotation effect.
In the invention, the technical schemes can be combined with each other to realize more preferable combination schemes. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a combined gravity separation-flotation fine mineral separation apparatus provided in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a plan view of a first coil and a second coil of a magnetic field generating device provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ultrasonic wave generation table, a first ultrasonic wave generator, and a fourth ultrasonic wave generator provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a direct current power supply; 2-first coil; 3-a second direct current power supply; 4-second coil; 5-a magnetic medium suspension liquid feeding port; 6-a pulp feeding port; 7-tailing discharge; 8-a flotation feeding port; 9-middling inverted cone; 10-a middling circulation pump; 11-a medicament addition tube; 12-a bubble generator; 13-a water spray device; 14-a foam collection tank; 15-flotation concentrate discharge port; 16-a flotation tailing discharge outlet; 17-flotation section cylinder fixing device; 18-a first ultrasonic generator; 19-a second ultrasonic generator; 20-a third ultrasonic generator; 21-a fourth ultrasonic generator; 22-ultrasonic vibration table; 23-a data acquisition device; 24-a data processing device; 25-a data display device; 26-elastic support.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a micro-fine mineral separation system combining gravity separation and flotation, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, including a gravity separation unit, a flotation unit, an ultrasonic unit and a centralized control unit; the flotation unit comprises a flotation section cylinder and a middling circulating device; the gravity unit comprises a gravity section cylinder, a magnetic field generating device, a magnetic medium suspension feeding port 5 and an ore pulp feeding port 6; the bottom of the flotation section cylinder is embedded in the gravity section cylinder, and a cavity formed by the outer wall of the flotation section cylinder and the inner wall of the gravity section cylinder is a flotation material channel; the middling circulating device is used for circularly floating materials; the magnetic field generating device is used for enabling the magnetic medium suspension to form a gradient density field in the gravity separation section cylinder; the ultrasonic unit is arranged at the bottom of the reselection unit and is rigidly connected with the reselection unit; the ultrasonic unit is used for enabling the sorting device to generate vibration; the centralized control unit is respectively connected with the flotation unit, the gravity unit and the ultrasonic unit in a control mode.
Specifically, the gravity separation-flotation combined micro-fine particle mineral separation system comprises a gravity separation unit, a flotation unit, an ultrasonic unit and a centralized control unit; the flotation unit comprises a flotation section cylinder and a middling circulating device; the middling circulating device is arranged at the middle lower part of the flotation section cylinder and used for circulating flotation materials so as to improve the recovery rate of concentrate; the gravity unit comprises a gravity section cylinder, a magnetic field generating device, a magnetic medium suspension feeding port 5 and an ore pulp feeding port 6; wherein the magnetic field generating device is arranged at the reselection sectionThe periphery of the column body. When the magnetic medium suspension liquid enters the reselection section column body, the magnetic medium suspension liquid is regularly distributed under the action of a magnetic field to form a density range of 1.6-1.8g/cm3The gradient density field ensures that the mismatching of ore pulp materials can be reduced in the gravity separation process, thereby achieving the effect of intensified separation; along with the ore pulp material is constantly selected separately in the step density field, light material constantly floats, and heavy material constantly sinks, and the heavy material that separates to reselect section cylinder bottom directly discharges through the tailing bin outlet, and light material gets into the flotation section cylinder through the overflow weir plate on the flotation section cylinder under the effect of ore pulp pan feeding pressure.
The bottom of the flotation section cylinder is embedded in the gravity separation section cylinder, the bottom end of the flotation section cylinder is located at the height position of the middle of the gravity separation section cylinder, a flotation material channel is formed by the outer wall of the flotation section cylinder and the inner wall of the gravity separation section cylinder, and light materials formed after gravity separation enter the flotation section cylinder along the flotation material channel; according to the invention, the flotation section cylinder and the gravity separation section cylinder adopt an internal and external nested structure, so that gravity separation and flotation integrated design is realized.
The magnetic field generating device is used for generating a gradient density field in the magnetic medium suspension in the gravity section column; the ultrasonic unit is arranged at the bottom of the reselection unit and is rigidly connected with the reselection unit, and the ultrasonic unit is used for enabling the sorting device to generate high-frequency vibration; the centralized control unit is respectively connected with the flotation unit, the gravity unit and the ultrasonic unit in a control mode.
The gravity concentration unit also comprises a tailing discharge port, and the tailing discharge port is arranged on the bottom end surface of the gravity concentration section cylinder; the directions of the magnetic medium suspension feeding port 5 and the ore pulp feeding port 6 are mutually vertical.
Specifically, magnetic medium suspension liquid is directly injected along the center direction of the plane of the gravity separation section cylinder, and ore pulp is fed into the gravity separation section cylinder along the tangential direction of the gravity separation section cylinder. Therefore, the ore pulp material which just enters the gravity separation section cylinder has the tendency of rotational flow motion, and the ore pulp material is favorably and quickly separated in a step density field; in addition, the magnetic medium suspension feeding port 5 and the ore pulp feeding port 6 are arranged on the same level and distributed on two sides of the gravity separation section cylinder, so that the feeding pressure is favorably improved.
In order to form a gradient density field, the magnetic field generating device comprises a first coil 2 and a second coil 4, wherein the second coil 4 is positioned below the first coil 2, and the diameter of the second coil 4 is larger than that of the first coil 2; the magnetic medium suspension feeding port 5 and the ore pulp feeding port 6 are both arranged between the first coil 2 and the second coil 4.
Specifically, the second coil 4 is positioned below the first coil 2, the diameter of the second coil 4 is larger than that of the first coil 2, and a magnetic medium suspension feeding port 5 and an ore pulp feeding port 6 are correspondingly arranged in the middle of the first coil 2 and the second coil 4; energizing the first coil 2 and the second coil 4, wherein the first coil 2 and the second coil 4 correspondingly generate uniform magnetic fields inside due to electromagnetic action; because the diameter of the second coil 4 is larger than that of the first coil 2, and the size of direct current connected between the first coil 2 and the second coil 4 can be adjusted, a step magnetic field with the magnetic field intensity changing from weak to strong from top to bottom can be formed inside the reselecting section cylinder under the excitation action of the two uniform magnetic fields; at the moment, magnetic medium suspension is fed into the gravity separation section column, the magnetic medium suspension forms a step density field under the action of the step magnetic field, then ore pulp to be treated is fed, the ore pulp material is effectively separated in the step density field, light materials float upwards, and heavy materials sink.
In order to float and select the concentrate from the light materials after gravity separation, the flotation unit of the invention also comprises a flotation feeding port 8, a flotation concentrate discharging port 15, a flotation tailing discharging port 16, a spray water device 13 and a middling circulating device; a foam collecting tank 14 is arranged at the top of the column body of the flotation section, and a flotation concentrate discharge opening 15 is arranged at the bottom end of one side of the foam collecting tank 14; the spray water device 13 is arranged above the foam collecting tank 14; the flotation tailing discharge port 16 is arranged at the bottom of the flotation section column body; light materials generated after the ore pulp materials are reselected by the reselecting section cylinder enter the flotation section cylinder through the flotation material channel and the flotation feeding port 8, and flotation concentrate and flotation tailings are generated after flotation.
Specifically, a foam collecting tank 14 is arranged at the top of the column body of the flotation section, a circular cavity is arranged in the middle of the foam collecting tank 14, and the circular cavity is embedded with the top of the column body of the flotation section; a flotation concentrate discharge port 15 is formed in the bottom end of one side of the foam collecting tank 14, a water spraying device 13 is arranged right above the foam collecting tank 14, and water drops sprayed by the water spraying device 13 enter the flotation unit through a water injection hole in the top of the foam collecting tank 14; in addition, a flotation feeding port 8 and an overflow weir plate are arranged at the middle upper part of the flotation section column body, a middling circulating device is arranged at the middle lower part of the flotation section column body, and a flotation tailing discharging port 16 is arranged at the bottom end of the middling circulating device; when flotation pulp materials generated after gravity separation enter a flotation section column body through a flotation material channel and a flotation feeding port 8, when the liquid level of the flotation pulp materials in the flotation section column body is 0.3m away from an overflow weir plate, a middling circulating device and a spraying water device 13 are started, the middling circulating device can not only circulate flotation tailings in the flotation section column body for multiple times, but also enable a bubble generator 12 to continuously generate bubbles and add a medicament into the flotation section according to the condition of observing a concentrate foam layer, so that concentrate can finally float upwards fully and is discharged through a flotation concentrate discharge port 15, and meanwhile, the spraying water device 13 can remove high ash impurities carried by the concentrate, so that the quality of the concentrate is improved; flotation tailings produced in the flotation stage column are discharged through a flotation tailings discharge opening 16.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can enable the ore pulp material in the flotation section column to be subjected to multiple circulating operations by arranging the middling circulating device, so that the concentrate in the flotation section column fully floats upwards and is discharged through the flotation concentrate discharge port 15, and the concentrate recovery rate is improved; and set up the mineral impurity that the spray water device 13 can clear away the concentrate and smuggle secretly, improved the concentrate quality.
In order to ensure that the concentrate in the flotation pulp floats sufficiently, the middling circulating device comprises a middling inverted cone 9, a middling circulating pump 10 and a middling circulating pipe; the bottom of the middling inverted cone 9 is connected with a middling circulating pump 10 through a middling circulating pipe, and a flotation reagent adding pipe 11 and a bubble generator 12 are arranged on the middling circulating pipe.
Specifically, the middling circulating device comprises a middling inverted cone 9 arranged at the middle lower part of the flotation section column, the bottom of the middling inverted cone 9 is connected with a medicament adding pipe 11 and a bubble generator 12 which are arranged outside the flotation section column through a middling circulating pipe, and then the bubble generator 12 is connected into the flotation section column through the middling circulating pipe; when the liquid level of the flotation ore pulp material in the flotation section column body is 0.3m away from the overflow weir plate, a middling circulating pump 10 is started, and the light material ore pulp at the bottom of the flotation section column body enters a middling circulating pipe from a middling inverted cone 9 under the action of the middling circulating pump 10 and returns to the flotation section column body together with the agent added by an agent adding pipe 11 and the microbubbles generated by a bubble generator 12; the bubble generator 12 can generate a large amount of micro bubbles, the micro bubbles enter the flotation section column body through the middling circulating pipe, move from bottom to top in the flotation section column body and are contacted with the light material pulp moving from top to bottom, and the adhesion and collision probability of the micro bubbles and the light material pulp is greatly improved due to the fact that the micro bubbles and the light material pulp move in opposite directions, and then the flotation effect can be improved; in addition, in the flotation process, the spray water device 13 works, mineralized bubbles are acted by spray water in the process of moving from bottom to top, ascending bubbles are continuously washed, entrained mineral impurities are removed, and the quality of the concentrate is further improved.
It should be noted that, at the flotation agent adding pipe 11, a flotation agent can be selectively added according to the specific situation of the concentrate froth layer, so as to realize manual adjustment of the flotation process.
For better fixing the flotation unit and the gravity separation unit, the micro-fine mineral separation system further comprises a supporting and fixing unit, wherein the supporting and fixing unit comprises an elastic support 26 and a flotation section cylinder fixing device 17; wherein, the elastic support 26 is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic unit, and the elastic support 26 is used for supporting the gravity separation unit, the flotation unit and the ultrasonic unit; the flotation section cylinder fixing device 17 is used for fixing the flotation section cylinder; the top end (flotation feeding port 8) of the cylinder of the re-selection section is rigidly connected with the middle upper part of the cylinder of the flotation section, and the cylinder fixing device 17 of the flotation section is an ear-shaped protruding end which can be rigidly connected with a rigid bracket fixed on the horizontal ground.
In order to better control a micro-fine particle mineral sorting system in a centralized way, a first coil 2 and a second coil 4 are respectively connected with a first direct current power supply 1 and a second direct current power supply 3; the centralized control unit comprises a PID1 controller, a PID2 controller, a PID3 controller, a data acquisition device 23, a data processing device 24 and a data display device 25; the PID1 controller is used for controlling the switches of the first direct-current power supply 1 and the second direct-current power supply 3, and the PID2 controller is used for controlling the switches of the ultrasonic unit; the PID3 controller is used for controlling the water supply quantity of the spray water device 13 and the working parameters of the middling circulating pump 10, and the output ends of the PID1 controller, the PID2 controller and the PID3 controller are connected with the data acquisition device 23, the data processing device 24 and the data display device 25.
In order to ensure that the reselection unit is in a high-frequency micro-vibration state, as shown in fig. 3, the ultrasonic unit of the present invention includes a first ultrasonic generator 18, a second ultrasonic generator 19, a third ultrasonic generator 20, and a fourth ultrasonic generator 21, which are uniformly distributed on an ultrasonic vibration table 22 and connected to the ultrasonic vibration table 22.
Specifically, when the ultrasonic unit needs to be started, the first ultrasonic generator 18, the second ultrasonic generator 19, the third ultrasonic generator 20 and the fourth ultrasonic generator 21 are started at the same time, ultrasonic waves generated by the four ultrasonic generators drive the ultrasonic vibration table 22 to vibrate, so that the ultrasonic vibration table 22 drives the reselection unit to vibrate, specific vibration parameters can be set according to specific properties of sorted ore pulp materials, the vibration frequency is 30-50kHz in a general case, and the vibration amplitude is 0.1-2 mm; since the sorting apparatus is rigidly connected to the ultrasonic vibration table 22, the ultrasonic vibration causes the entire sorting apparatus to be in a high-frequency micro-vibration state by transmission.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a micro-fine mineral separation method combining gravity separation and flotation, and the micro-fine mineral separation system provided in embodiment 1 is adopted, and the micro-fine mineral separation method includes the following steps:
specifically, a first direct current power supply 1 and a second direct current power supply 3 are started, and under the action of current, a first coil 2 and a second coil 4 form a magnetic field which is distributed in a gradient manner from top to bottom and with the magnetic field intensity changing from weak to strong in the cylinder of the reselection section, wherein the magnetic field intensity of the gradient is 0.2-0.5T; and (3) turning on switches of the first ultrasonic generator 18, the second ultrasonic generator 19, the third ultrasonic generator 20 and the fourth ultrasonic generator 21, wherein the generated ultrasonic waves act on the ultrasonic vibration table 22 and vibrate the ultrasonic vibration table 22, the vibration frequency is 30-50kHz, and the amplitude is 0.1-2 mm. Because the sorting unit is rigidly connected with the ultrasonic vibration table 22, when the ultrasonic vibration table 22 is in a high-frequency vibration state, the gravity separation section cylinder and the flotation section cylinder are also in a high-frequency vibration state, so that the ore pulp material can be assisted to strengthen the gravity separation effect in the high-frequency vibration state, the separation precision is improved, the mismatching rate is reduced, the high-frequency vibration is favorable for the dispersion of flotation reagents and the stability of flotation microbubbles, the recovery of useful minerals is improved, and the flotation effect is strengthened.
Step 2, feeding the magnetic medium suspension and the ore pulp material to be processed into the gravity separation section cylinder through a magnetic medium suspension feeding port 5 and an ore pulp feeding port 6 respectively, wherein the magnetic medium suspension is directly fed into the gravity separation section cylinder along the center direction of the plane of the gravity separation section cylinder, the ore pulp is fed into the gravity separation section cylinder along the tangential direction of the gravity separation section cylinder, and the ore pulp material and the magnetic medium suspension are perpendicular to each other in the feeding direction; light materials and heavy materials are formed after gravity separation, the light materials enter the column body of the flotation section through the flotation material channel and the flotation feeding port 8, and the heavy materials are discharged out of the column body of the gravity separation section through the tailing discharging port 7.
Specifically, magnetic medium suspension is fed into the gravity separation section column body through a magnetic medium suspension feeding port 5, and ore pulp materials to be treated are fed into the gravity separation section column body through an ore pulp feeding port 6; the magnetic medium suspension is directly injected along the center direction of the plane of the gravity section cylinder, and the ore pulp is fed into the gravity section cylinder along the tangential direction of the gravity section cylinder. The magnetic medium suspension liquid is regularly distributed under the action of a step magnetic field, and the formed density range is 1.6-1.8g/cm3The ore pulp material to be treated can reduce mismatching in the formed step density field, and further the effect of intensified separation is achieved. With the pulpThe materials are continuously sorted in the step density field, light materials gradually float upwards, heavy materials gradually sink, the heavy materials at the bottom of the gravity separation section cylinder are directly discharged through an outlet 7, and the light materials enter the flotation column section cylinder through an overflow weir plate on the flotation section cylinder under the action of ore pulp feeding pressure.
And 3, when the distance between the liquid level of the ore pulp in the flotation section column and the overflow weir plate is 0.3m, starting a middling circulating pump 10, allowing part of ore pulp materials to pass through a middling inverted cone 9, a middling circulating pipe, a bubble generator 12 and a reagent adding pipe 11 under the action of the middling circulating pump 10 and then enter the flotation section column along the tangential direction of the flotation section column, and allowing flotation section ore pulp materials to undergo flotation to generate flotation concentrates and flotation tailings and then to be discharged through a flotation concentrate discharge opening 15 and a flotation tailing discharge opening 16 respectively.
Specifically, when the distance between the liquid level of the ore pulp in the column body of the flotation section and the overflow weir plate is 0.3m, a middling circulating pump 10 is started, part of ore pulp materials enter a middling inverted cone 9 under the action of the middling circulating pump 10 and enter the column body of the flotation section along the tangential direction of the column body of the flotation section after passing through a middling circulating pipe, a bubble generator 12 and a medicament adding pipe 11; the bubble generator 12 sucks air and a foaming agent while pressurizing and spraying circulating ore pulp, the air and the foaming agent are mixed and crushed, bubbles are released and separated out by reducing pressure, the microbubbles enter the flotation section column through the middling circulating pipe and move from bottom to top in the flotation section column, ore pulp materials in the flotation section are fed from top to bottom, and the adhesion and collision probability of the microbubbles and the ore pulp materials in the flotation section is improved due to the fact that the microbubbles and the ore pulp materials in the flotation section move in the opposite direction, and the flotation effect is improved.
It should be noted that, at the flotation agent adding pipe 11, the flotation agent can be selectively added according to the specific situation of the concentrate froth layer, and the flotation process can be manually adjusted. In the flotation process, the spray water device 13 works, mineralized bubbles are under the action of spray water in the movement process from bottom to top, ascending bubbles are continuously washed, and entrained mineral impurities are removed, so that the quality of the concentrate is further improved. The concentrate froth is collected in a froth collection tank 14 and discharged through a flotation concentrate discharge 15 and the tailings are discharged through a flotation tailings discharge 16.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A micro-fine particle mineral separation system combining gravity separation and flotation is characterized by comprising a gravity separation unit, a flotation unit, an ultrasonic unit and a centralized control unit; the flotation unit comprises a flotation section cylinder and a middling circulating device; the gravity unit comprises a gravity section cylinder, a magnetic field generating device, a magnetic medium suspension feeding port and an ore pulp feeding port; the bottom of the flotation section cylinder is embedded in the gravity section cylinder, and a cavity formed by the outer wall of the flotation section cylinder and the inner wall of the gravity section cylinder is a flotation material channel; the middling circulating device is used for circulating flotation materials; the magnetic field generating device is used for forming a gradient density field in the magnetic medium suspension liquid in the gravity separation section cylinder;
the ultrasonic unit is arranged at the bottom of the reselection unit and is connected with the reselection unit; the ultrasonic unit enables the reselection unit to generate vibration; the centralized control unit is respectively connected with the flotation unit, the gravity unit and the ultrasonic unit;
the reselection unit also comprises a tailing discharge hole which is arranged at the bottom of the reselection section column body; the magnetic medium suspension liquid feeding port and the ore pulp feeding port are vertically arranged; the magnetic medium suspension is injected along the center direction of the plane of the cylinder of the gravity separation section, and the ore pulp is fed into the cylinder of the gravity separation section along the tangential direction of the cylinder of the gravity separation section;
the magnetic field generating device comprises a first coil and a second coil, wherein the second coil is positioned below the first coil, and the diameter of the second coil is larger than that of the first coil; the magnetic medium suspension liquid feeding port and the ore pulp feeding port are both arranged between the first coil and the second coil;
the ultrasonic unit comprises a first ultrasonic generator, a second ultrasonic generator, a third ultrasonic generator and a fourth ultrasonic generator which are uniformly distributed on the ultrasonic vibration table and connected with the ultrasonic vibration table.
2. The combined gravity-flotation micro-fine mineral separation system according to claim 1, wherein the flotation unit further comprises a flotation feed port, a flotation concentrate discharge port, a flotation tailing discharge port, a water spray device and a middling circulation device;
a foam collecting tank is arranged at the top of the column body of the flotation section, and a flotation concentrate discharge port is arranged at the bottom end of one side of the foam collecting tank; the spray water device is arranged above the foam collecting tank; the flotation tailing discharge port is arranged at the bottom of the flotation section column body;
and light materials generated by gravity separation of the gravity separation section cylinder enter the flotation section cylinder through the flotation material channel and the flotation feeding port, and flotation concentrate and flotation tailings are formed after flotation.
3. The combined gravity-flotation micro-fine mineral separation system according to claim 2, wherein the middling circulating device comprises a middling inverted cone, a middling circulating pump and a middling circulating pipe; the bottom of the middling inverted cone is connected with a middling circulating pump through a middling circulating pipe, and a flotation reagent adding pipe and an air bubble generator are arranged on the middling circulating pipe.
4. The combined gravity-flotation micro-fine mineral separation system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a supporting and fixing unit, wherein the supporting and fixing unit comprises an elastic support and a flotation section cylinder fixing device;
the elastic support is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic unit and used for supporting the gravity separation unit, the flotation unit and the ultrasonic unit; the flotation section cylinder fixing device is used for fixing the flotation section cylinder.
5. The combined reselection-flotation fine particle mineral separation system of claim 1, wherein the first coil and the second coil are connected to a first dc power source and a second dc power source, respectively; the centralized control unit comprises a PID1 controller, a PID2 controller, a PID3 controller, a data acquisition device, a data processing device and a data display device;
the PID1 controller is used for controlling the on-off of a first direct current power supply and a second direct current power supply, and the PID2 controller is used for controlling the on-off of the ultrasonic unit; the PID3 controller is used for controlling the water supply quantity of the spray water device and the working parameters of the middling circulating pump, and the output ends of the PID1 controller, the PID2 controller and the PID3 controller are connected with the data acquisition device, the data processing device and the data display device.
6. A method for sorting a micro-fine mineral by a combination of gravity separation and flotation, wherein the micro-fine mineral sorting system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is adopted, and the method for sorting the micro-fine mineral comprises the following steps:
step 1, starting a magnetic field generating device and an ultrasonic generating device;
step 2, firstly, feeding a magnetic medium suspension into a gravity separation section column, feeding an ore pulp material to be processed into the gravity separation section column after the magnetic medium suspension forms a stable step density field under the action of a magnetic field, wherein the ore pulp material forms a light material and a heavy material after gravity separation, the light material sequentially enters the flotation section column through a flotation material channel and a flotation material inlet, and the heavy material is discharged from the gravity separation section column through a tailing discharge port;
and 3, starting the middling circulating device, performing flotation on the pulp material in the flotation section to generate flotation concentrate and flotation tailings, and discharging the flotation concentrate and the flotation tailings out of the flotation unit through a flotation concentrate discharge port and a flotation tailing discharge port respectively.
7. The method for separating the micro-fine particle minerals by gravity separation and flotation according to claim 6, wherein in the step 1, the magnetic medium suspension forms a step density field with the suspension density gradually increasing from top to bottom in the gravity separation section cylinder under the combined action of the first coil and the second coil, and the ore pulp material is effectively separated under the action of the step density field, so that the light material floats upwards, and the heavy material sinks downwards.
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