CN114712343B - 一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医用纳米材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法及应用。本发明利用双乳化制备方法,将疏水的光甘草定包载在亲水的具有“核‑壳‑冠”三层结构纳米药物的内核中,有效的增加其水溶性。用PET‑CT技术观察纳米药物在体内的分布,发现:携载光甘草定的纳米药物能选择性的聚集在脾脏,利用单核/细胞的吞噬特性,光甘草定能被选择性地递送到脾单核/细胞,并有效抑制单核/细胞在氧化应激条件下极化为M1型巨噬细胞。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医用纳米材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
脾脏是体内最大的单核/巨噬细胞(macrophage,)细胞贮存器,其存储的单核/细胞数量远超过循环系统;在炎症刺激下,脾脏来源的单核//>细胞不仅能够被快速动员、增殖和释放,其还能被迅速招募到损伤组织,参与组织的损伤和修复过程。针对脾脏,构建靶向的药物递送系统,抑制单核//>细胞极化为M1型巨噬细胞。
光甘草定(glabridin,Gla)属于植物类天然异黄酮类成分,其来源于光果甘草根茎。光甘草定具有抗氧化、降血脂和神经保护等多种作用。另外,光甘草定也能激活单核/细胞的过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体,有利于单核//>细胞向M1型巨噬细胞极化。然而,光甘草定不溶于水,生物利用度差,极大地限制了其在体内的应用。
纳米药物载体是指尺寸为10-200nm左右的药物输送体系,其具有能够携载药物、调节药物释放、改变在体内的分布、提高生物利用度等优势。当纳米药物进入循环系统后,在血浆蛋白的吸附和调理作用下,纳米药物主要被单核/巨噬细胞系统所吞噬,并被转运到网状上皮系统的主要器官肝脏和脾脏。由于血流量、结构和功能的差异,纳米药物在肝脾之间的分布是不均匀的。研究表明,枯否细胞是摄取和吞噬纳米载体的主要细胞,静脉给药后,约大于85%的纳米药物被肝脏枯否细胞吞噬调理,进入脾脏的纳米药物小于注射剂量的15%。
发明内容
针对光甘草定的自身缺陷,本发明的目的制备携载Gla的脂质体药物,实现脾脏的选择性聚集,利用Gla抗氧化作用抑制氧化应激状态下单核巨噬细胞的M1极化。
本发明是这样实现的,一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的筛选和制备方法,包括:以分子量2000的DSPE-PEG(DSPE-PEG-2k),分子量5000的DSPE-PEG(DSPE-PEG-5k),分子量10000的DSPE-PEG(DSPE-PEG-10k),为脂质体载体材料,分别制备包载Glabridin的脂质体药物LPGla-2k(分子量2000的DSPE-PEG包载光甘草定的纳米药物),LPGla-5k(分子量5000的DSPE-PEG包载光甘草定的纳米药物)和LPGla-10k(分子量10000的DSPE-PEG包载光甘草定的纳米药物)。纳米药物的直径为60-100nm。
进一步地,包括以下步骤:
1)将光甘草定溶解于DMSO中,获得光甘草定溶液;
2)向光甘草定溶液中加入水,制备光甘草定的水溶液;
3)将不同分子量DSPE-PEG-2k,DSPE-PEG-5k,DSPE-PEG-10k溶于二氯甲烷中,并向其中加入光甘草定的水溶液,在冰浴中进行超声乳化,获得初乳液;
4)向初乳液中加入聚乙烯醇水溶液,在冰浴中进行超声乳化,获得第二次乳液;
5)去除游离的二氯甲烷,制得纳米药物。
进一步地,步骤2)中光甘草定的水溶液浓度为50mg/mL。
进一步地,步骤3)中,取100mg不同分子量DSPE-PEG溶于2mL二氯甲烷中,加入200μL光甘草定的水溶液。
进一步地,步骤3)和/或步骤4)中,在冰浴中进行超声的条件为功率为450W、2分钟。
进一步地,步骤4)中,向初乳液中加入8mL 1%的聚乙烯醇水溶液。
进一步地,步骤5)中,利用旋转蒸发仪去除游离的二氯甲烷。
本发明还提供了利用上述的方法制备的纳米药物。本发明提供的纳米药物可以有效清除活性氧,包括双氧水(H2O2),羟自由基(·OH),超氧阴离子等(O2 ·-)。
聚乙二醇(Polyethylene Glycol,PEG)和1,2-硬脂酰基-sn-酰基-3-磷酸酰乙醇胺(1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine,DSPE)具有良好的生物相容性,其能将疏水性药物包裹在脂质双分子层中,增加疏水性药物在体内的生物利用度,已广泛应用于生物医药的制备。光甘草定(Glabridin,Gla)属于植物类天然异黄酮类成分,其来源于光果甘草根茎。光甘草定具有抗氧化、降血脂和神经保护等多种作用。本项目利用不同分子量DSPE-PEG脂质体载体,将疏水性的光甘草定包裹在脂质双分子层,制备具有不同表面PEG分子量的脂质体。利用核素89Zr标记脂质体,筛选具有脾靶向的纳米颗粒。脾靶向的脂质体能够有效的清除氧自由基,抑制氧化应激条件下单核巨噬细胞的M1极化。
综上所述,本发明的优点及积极效果为:
与现有技术相比,本发明公开的上述筛选的具有脾靶向的LPGla-5k(分子量5000的DSPE-PEG包载Gla的纳米药物),能携载光甘草定靶向地聚集在脾脏。在溶液中,LPGla-5k能够有效地清除氧自由基,体外细胞实验,LPGla-5k能被鼠源性的RAW264.7细胞摄取,能有效抑制氧化应激状态下巨噬细胞的M1型极化。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1所制得的LPGla-2k的纳米尺寸,表面电性和稳定性;(A)LPGla-2k的电镜观察。动态光散射粒度仪检测(B)粒径和(C)表面电势。(D)LPGla-2k在含有10%FBS培养中的不同时间尺寸的变化;
图2为本发明实施例1所制得的LPGla-5k的纳米尺寸,表面电性和稳定性;(A)LPGla-5k的电镜观察。动态光散射粒度仪检测(B)粒径和(C)表面电势。(D)LPGla-5k在含有10%FBS培养中的不同时间尺寸的变化;
图3为本发明实施例1所制得的LPGla-10k的纳米尺寸,表面电性和稳定性;(A)LPGla-10k的电镜观察。动态光散射粒度仪检测(B)粒径和(C)表面电势。(D)LPGla-10k在含有10%FBS培养中的不同时间尺寸的变化;
图4为本发明实施例1所制得的LPGla-2k在体内的循环和分布;(A)在尾静脉注射后的15mins、3h、6h、24h和72h,使用PET成像技术观察89Zr-LPGla-5k在C57/B6小鼠的活体分布;(B)定量分析89Zr-LPGla-5k在不同组织内的分布;
图5为本发明实施例1所制得的LPGla-5k在体内的循环和分布;(A)在尾静脉注射后的0.5h和72h,使用PET成像技术观察89Zr-LPGla-2k在C57/B6小鼠的活体分布;(B)定量分析89Zr-LPGla-2k在不同组织内的分布;
图6为本发明实施例1所制得的LPGla-10k在体内的循环和分布;(A)在尾静脉注射后的0.5h和72h,使用PET成像技术观察89Zr-LPGla-10k在C57/B6小鼠的活体分布;(B)定量分析89Zr-LPGla-10k在不同组织内的分布;
图7为本发明实施例1所制得的脾靶向LPGla-5k能有效被单核/巨噬细胞所摄取;(A)Free Cy5荧光分子和Cy5-LPGla-5k与巨噬细胞共孵育4h,使用共聚焦显微镜观察Cy5(红色),趋化因子受体2(C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2,CCR2,绿色);(B)Free Cy5荧光分子和Cy5-LPGla-5k与巨噬细胞共孵育4h,流式细胞仪检测各组细胞内Cy5的平均荧光强度。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明,各实施例及试验例中所用的设备和试剂如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径得到。此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
根据本申请包含的信息,对于本领域技术人员来说可以轻而易举地对本发明的精确描述进行各种改变,而不会偏离所附权利要求的精神和范围。应该理解,本发明的范围不局限于所限定的过程、性质或组分,因为这些实施方案以及其他的描述仅仅是为了示意性说明本发明的特定方面。实际上,本领域或相关领域的技术人员明显能够对本发明实施方式做出的各种改变都涵盖在所附权利要求的范围内。
为了更好地理解本发明而不是限制本发明的范围,在本申请中所用的表示用量、百分比的所有数字、以及其他数值,在所有情况下都应理解为以词语“大约”所修饰。因此,除非特别说明,否则在说明书和所附权利要求书中所列出的数字参数都是近似值,其可能会根据试图获得的理想性质的不同而加以改变。各个数字参数至少应被看作是根据所报告的有效数字和通过常规的四舍五入方法而获得的。本发明中,“约”指给定值或范围的10%以内,优选为5%以内。
本发明下述各实施例中未特别限定温度时,则均为常温条件。常温是指四季中自然室温条件,不进行额外的冷却或加热处理,一般常温控制在10~30℃,最好是15~25℃。
本发明披露了一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法及应用。本发明利用不同分子量的DSPE-PEG携载Glabridin,增加其水溶性和稳定性;将其靶向地递送到脾脏,抑制氧化应激条件下巨噬细胞的M1型极化。下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
实施例1
本实施例中通过双乳化的方法,以不同分子量的DSPE-PEG-2k,DSPE-PEG-5k和DSPE-PEG-10k为载体材料,分别制备包载Glabridin的LPGlabridin-2k,LPGlabridin-5k和LPGlabridin-10k脂质体药物,以下为具体的制备实例,其中聚合物DSPE-PEG的用量为100mg,加入的Glabridin量为10mg。
具体方法为:
a)取20μL 50mg/mL的光甘草定溶液(将光甘草定溶解于DMSO中,获得光甘草定溶液),向其加入180μL的去离子水,获得200μL光甘草定的水溶液,其浓度为5mg/mL;
b)取100mg DSPE-PEG溶于2mL二氯甲烷中,加入200μL光甘草定的水溶液(5mg/mL),使用探头式超声波在冰浴中进行超声乳化,功率为450W,反应时间为2分钟,获得初乳液。
c)向初乳液中加入8mL(1%)聚乙烯醇水溶液中,在冰浴条件下超声,功率为450W,反应时间为2分钟,获得第二次乳液。在37℃的条件,利用旋转蒸发仪去除游离的二氯甲烷。
经检测,所得纳米药物能够稳定的分散在水相中。
图1、图2和图3为本实施例所制得的LPGlabridin-2k,LPGlabridin-5k和LPGlabridin-10k分散于水中的尺寸,其通过动态光散射(dynamic light scattering,DLS)和电镜测得,其分散于含有10%胎牛血清的PBS中的不同时间内,纳米药物的尺寸保持稳定。
实施例2
用核素89Zr标记LPGla-2k、LPGla-5k和LPGla-10k
a)DSPE-PEG-NH2由Creative PEGWorks(Winston Salem,NC)公司购买,分别取90mg DSPE-PEG-2k,DSPE-PEG-5k和DSPE-PEG-10k与10mg DSPE-PEG-NH2混合,然后溶于2mL二氯甲烷中,加入200μL光甘草定的水溶液(5mg/mL),使用双乳化的方法制备氨基化修饰的LPGla-2k,LPGla-5k和LPGla-10k。
b)将螯合剂去铁胺(Defetoxamine,DFO)加到氨基化修饰的LPGla溶液中,在25℃反应6个小时,分别获得DFO-LPGla-2k,DFO-LPGla-5k,DFO-LPGla-10k,使用以1 x PBS作为洗脱缓冲液,使用PD-10脱盐层析柱纯化。
c)将89Zr(37MBq)用500μL HEPES缓冲液(0.1M,pH 7.5)稀释,分别与DFO-LPGla-5k混合。在37℃下持续振荡孵育1小时后,通过PD-10柱过滤收集具有高放射性的89Zr标记的DFO-LPGla-2k、DFO-LPGla-5k、DFO-LPGla-10k。
实施例3
小鼠体内的PET成像,筛选脾靶向的纳米药物。将小鼠麻醉并通过静脉注射150μCi的89Zr标记的LPGla-2k、LPGla-5k、LPGla-10k(n=3),在注射后的相应时间点,我们使用小动物PET/CT(Siemens Medical Solutions,Erlangen,Germany)的对小鼠进行纵向扫描。每次PET扫描的ROI用于计算不同器官中每克组织的注射剂量百分比(%ID/g),使用供应商软件(Inveon Research Workplace)处理衰减校正的全身图像,如图4、图5和图6所示。
实施例4
Cy5标记LPGla-5k,被小鼠巨噬细胞的摄取
1)小鼠来源的264.7细胞株由美国ATCC公司购买。
a)由Nanosoft Polymers(Winston-Salem,NC)公司购买DSPE-PEG-Cy5,分别取90mg,DSPE-PEG-5k与10mg DSPE-PEG-Cy5混合,然后溶于2mL二氯甲烷中,加入200μL光甘草定的水溶液(5mg/mL),使用探头式超声波破碎仪在冰浴中进行超声乳化,功率为450W,反应时间为2分钟,获得初乳液。
b)向初乳液中加入8mL(1%)聚乙烯醇水溶液中,在冰浴条件下超声,功率为450W,反应时间为2分钟,获得第二次乳液。在37℃的条件,利用旋转蒸发仪去除游离的二氯甲烷获得Cy5标记的Cy5-LPGla-5k,
c)将单核/巨噬细胞分别与荧光分子Cy5(20ng/mL)和Cy5-LPGla-5k(含有等量的Cy5分子)孵育4小时,利用流式细胞仪观察细胞内Cy5信号分子
如图7。经检测,在Cy5-LPGla-5k孵育组,Cy5-LPGla-5k能有效被单核/巨噬细胞所摄取。
综上,本发明提供的医用NPGlabridin在体内能够靶向地到达脾脏,其能够有效地被单核巨噬细胞所摄取。
本发明利用双乳化制备方法,将疏水的光甘草定包载在脂质体的内核,有效的增加其水溶性。用PET-CT技术观察纳米药物在体内的分布,筛选出携载光甘草定能选择性聚集在脾脏的纳米药物,其能被小鼠的巨噬细胞吞噬和摄取。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:以DSPE-PEG-2k,DSPE-PEG-5k和DSPE-PEG-10k为载体材料,包载光甘草定;包括以下步骤:
1)将光甘草定溶解于DMSO中,获得光甘草定溶液;
2)向光甘草定溶液中加入水,制备光甘草定的水溶液;
3)将DSPE-PEG-2k,DSPE-PEG-5k和DSPE-PEG-10k溶于二氯甲烷中,并向其中分别加入光甘草定的水溶液,在冰浴中进行超声乳化,获得初乳液;
4)向初乳液中加入聚乙烯醇水溶液,在冰浴中进行超声乳化,获得第二次乳液;
5)去除游离的二氯甲烷,制得纳米药物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤2)中光甘草定的水溶液浓度为50 mg/mL。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)中,取100 mg DSPE-PEG溶于2 mL二氯甲烷中,加入200 μL光甘草定的水溶液。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤3)和/或步骤4)中,在冰浴中进行超声的条件为功率为450W、2分钟。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤4)中,向初乳液中加入8 mL 1 %的聚乙烯醇水溶液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种携载光甘草定的脾靶向纳米药物的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤5)中,利用旋转蒸发仪去除游离的二氯甲烷。
7.利用权利要求1-6任一所述的方法制备的纳米药物。
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