CN114711329A - 一种SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料及其制作与含量测定方法 - Google Patents
一种SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料及其制作与含量测定方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料及其制作与含量测定方法。本发明AGEs饲料通过以下方法得到:将酪蛋白、玉米淀粉、玉米糊精、糖、纤维素、大豆油、胱氨酸、维生素、S10022M混合矿物质粉和酒石酸氢胆碱混合均匀并平铺,均匀加热;将加热得到的物质冷却并碾碎,并补加维生素和矿物质;将所得混合物压制定型,并真空封装;将所得封装后产品进行灭菌处理,即得所述AGEs饲料。还包含有测试高AGEs饲料各营养成分含量的检测方法,将荧光及表面荧光法和反向高效液相色谱法两种检测方法结合,可提高AGEs含量的测定准确性,也可以同时评估饲料中原有营养素的含量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于动物饲养技术领域,尤其是指一种SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料及其制作与含量测定方法。
背景技术
晚期糖基化终产物(Advanced Glycation End Products,AGEs)是在非酶促条件下,氨基酸、蛋白质、脂类或核酸等大分子物质的游离氨基酸与还原糖(葡萄糖、果糖、戊糖等)的醛基经过缩合、重排、裂解、氧化修饰后产生的一组稳定的终末产物。分为内源性和外源性两种,其中外源性/食源性膳食晚期糖基化终产物(DietaryAGEs,dAGEs)是人体内AGEs的主要来源之一,主要是通过美拉德反应(亦称非酶棕色化反应,是广泛存在于食品工业的一种非酶褐变,经过复杂的历程最终生成棕色甚至是黑色的大分子物质类黑精或称拟黑素。)或烹饪过程中脂肪酸的自氧化形成的,特别是在烧烤、油炸和烘焙过程中,通常是由一组不同种类的化合物组成的,其中Nε-羧甲基赖氨酸复合物(CML)、Nε-羧乙基(CEL)、吡咯素和甲基乙二醛是最常见的。如果人体的组织和循环系统中累积了过多的AGEs,会促进人体的衰老和许多病理过程。已有研究发现,AGEs在糖尿病及其并发症、阿尔茨海默病、动脉粥样硬化等疾病以及衰老的发生发展中起着重要作用。为了探究dAGEs对机体的可能作用及其机制,从而帮助人类预防由于现代饮食导致的AGEs相关疾病的发生,大小鼠模型作为良好的科研工具被广泛应用。科研所需的检测方法对结果的准确性要求严格,不同于市面上的产品检测要求的简便、快捷、和灵敏。且大小鼠饲料是一种复合食品,不同于上述的单一某种食品的AGEs含量检测,较之更为复杂。此外,由于为了对实验动物进行造模,因此需检测由于烘烤饲料营养成分的损耗情况。然而,在上述科学研究过程中,需要开发一种既能符合SPF级别实验大小鼠的微生物控制要求、又能明确AGEs含量、以及确保其他营养成分无显著差异的一种特殊高AGEs饲料。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出了一种SPF实验大小鼠高AGEs干预饲料的制作方法,该饲料可以作为实验大小鼠造模的特殊饲料,模拟人类在日常饮食中摄入过多的AGEs所带来的危害。为保障科研实验的顺利开展,高AGEs饲料需要与原饲料(本发明中使用的是AIN-93G标准饲料)除AGEs外,在其他营养成分上无显著差异。因此本发明还包含有测试高AGEs饲料各营养成分含量的检测方法,将荧光及表面荧光法和反向高效液相色谱法两种检测方法结合,可提高AGEs含量的测定准确性,也可以同时评估饲料中原有营养素的含量。从而有利于相关科研工作者们应用不同品牌或标准的饲料进行制作和测定。
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料的制作方法,所述制作方法包括以下步骤:
S1:以质量份数计,将150-250份酪蛋白、380-420份玉米淀粉、120-150份玉米糊精、80-120份糖、40-55份纤维素、65-80份大豆油、2-5份胱氨酸、45-55份维生素、30-40份S10022M混合矿物质粉和2-3份酒石酸氢胆碱混合均匀并单层平铺,均匀加热;
S2:将步骤S1中加热得到的物质冷却并碾碎,并补加维生素和矿物质;
S3:将步骤S2中所得混合物压制定型,并真空封装;
S4:将步骤S3中所得封装后产品进行灭菌处理,即得所述AGEs饲料。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤S1中,加热温度为120-140℃,加热时间为2.5-3h。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤S1中,还包括间隔30分钟-1小时喷洒纯净水。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤S4中,通过钴C60γ辐照进行灭菌处理。
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述辐照的剂量10-15kGy。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供所述的制作方法所得SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种检测权利要求6所述的SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料的方法,所述AGEs饲料中AGEs的含量测定,包括以下步骤:
1)游离荧光化合物测定:将AGEs饲料粉末加入水中,混合均匀,随后加入亚铁氰化钾(15%w/v)和醋酸锌(30%w/v)溶液,将所得混合物固液分离取上清液,定量定容,过滤并稀释,测定稀释溶液荧光值;在0.1mol/L H2SO4中溶解1μg/mL的奎宁硫酸盐溶液(用奎宁硫酸盐结合游离AGE,所测得就是游离AGEs的值),使用荧光光谱仪测定荧光效应的线性关系;AGEs值以样品的荧光强度AU/mg表示;
2)总荧光化合物测定:使用蛋白酶E酶解AGEs饲料粉末,振荡混合反应,固液分离取液相,并将液相稀释至少1/50,检测稀释液的荧光值。
在本发明的一个实施例中,还包括所述AGEs饲料中CML含量,所述CML含量包括游离CML的含量和结合性CML的含量,
其中,所述游离CML的含量通过以下方法检测:
(1)取定量AGEs饲料溶液,加入三氯乙酸,再加入正己烷,4500-5000转离心10-12min,得到沉淀蛋白;
(2)取步骤(1)中所得沉淀蛋白用乙醇冲洗,并用盐酸进行水解,加水稀释得到待测蛋白水解液,使用高效液相色谱检测蛋白分散液中CML的含量;
(3)使用高效液相色谱检测步骤(2)中所得待测蛋白水解液的CML含量;
所述结合性CML的含量通过以下方法检测:
S1:取定量AGEs饲料溶液,加入硼酸钠缓冲液进行还原反应,然后加入硼氢化钠溶液并静置得到混合溶液,之后将混合溶液置于冰上孵育,与预冷处理的三氯乙酸混合并离心,得到沉淀蛋白;
S2:取S1中所得沉淀蛋白用乙醇冲洗,并用盐酸进行水解,加水稀释得到待测蛋白水解液;
S3:使用高效液相色谱检测步骤S2中所得待测蛋白水解液的CML含量。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤(1)或S1中,所述三氯乙酸的质量浓度为55-60%。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤(2)或S2中,所述盐酸的浓度为5-6mol/L。
在本发明的一个实施例中,S1中,所述硼酸钠缓冲液的浓度为0.2-0.3mol/L,pH值为9.0-9.5。
在本发明的一个实施例中,S1中,所述硼氢化钠溶液的浓度为2-3mol/L。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤(2)或S2中,水解时间24-25h。
在本发明的一个实施例中,步骤(3)或S3中,高效液相色谱条件为:C18反相色谱柱,柱温35℃,进样体积20μL。
本发明的上述技术方案相比现有技术具有以下优点:
本发明提供的方法制作的高AGEs干预饲料,既能符合SPF级别实验大小鼠的微生物控制要求、又能明确测定AGEs含量、并验证其他营养成分是否无显著差异。从而便于相关科研工作者们应用不同品牌或标准的饲料进行制作和测定,并开展实验研究。
附图说明
为了使本发明的内容更容易被清楚的理解,下面根据本发明的具体实施例并结合附图,对本发明作进一步详细的说明,其中
图1是本发明对照组(ATGCON组)和实验组(ATG组)的小鼠血糖情况。
图2是本发明OPLS-DA模型的分散点图,分析显示ATGCON和ATG两组样品分离度好,组间差异大。
图3是本发明置换检验结果显示ATGCON和ATG两组样品分离度好,组间差异大。
图4是本发明所得高AGEs干预饲料的形状。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,以使本领域的技术人员可以更好地理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种高AGEs干预饲料的制作方法:
其原料组成包括:200g酪蛋白、397g玉米淀粉、132g玉米糊精、100g糖、50g纤维素、70g大豆油、3g胱氨酸、50g维生素、35g S10022M混合矿物质粉和2.5g酒石酸氢胆碱。
1、将酪蛋白、玉米淀粉、玉米糊精,糖、纤维素、豆油、蛋氨酸、胆碱、维生素、矿物质混合均匀,单层平铺放置,使用烤箱烘焙3小时,上下火温度130℃,32L烤箱每次不超过500克,每小时在饲料的表面喷洒微量纯净水,以弥补烘烤造成的水分丢失。(通常烘焙糕点时,超过150℃才会出现美拉德反应,而本发明的饲料由于主要以各种谷物和蛋白质的粉末压制而成,水分含量较低仅为6%,因此为避免温度大于140℃出现焦糖反应,以及尽量减少蛋白质的变性,本方案选择130℃;且为保证美德拉反应充分发生,使用了3小时的烘焙时间,使用ELISA方法检测1小时后的饲料中AGEs含量与普通的AIN-93G饲料中的差异不够显著,推测原因是时间不充足时,饲料棒内部的温度达不到预计的要求。)
表1
2、烘烤结束后,碾碎并充分冷却,加入35g/kg的AIN-93G矿物质预混粉和10g/kg的AIN-93G维生素预混粉(用以抵消烘焙过程对饲料中矿物质和维生素的损耗)。
3、使用颗粒饲料制作装置将上述混匀的粉料制作成颗粒型饲料,饲料的直径约1cm,见图4(烘焙以及拿取都易造成饲料变脆,人工压碎后,加上添加的混粉,再重新压制成颗粒饲料,颗粒饲料符合大小鼠啃食的自然习性,也可以减少粉状饲料易浪费的问题)。
4、装袋并抽真空密封,根据实验动物数量分装为每袋250克或500克(根据干预规模,减少未使用饲料暴露于空气中的时间)。
5、将所得袋装的饲料通过钴C60γ辐照灭菌处理,辐照剂量15kGy,辐照后储存于4℃冰箱,保质期:不超过4个月(辐照的目的是杀灭烘焙结束后晾凉和分装过程中的微生物污染,避免微生物对饲料营养成分的影响,为保证高AGEs饲料符合SPF(无特定病原微生物)级动物的微生物控制要求,因此使用前要确保包装的完整性,漏气的包装不可使用。且此剂量的辐照本身对食品营养成分的影响是非常小的,尤其是维生素和矿物质如VB和硒几乎不产生影响,可以减少其他营养成分的差别对科研实验的干扰)。
测试例
将实施例1制备得到的高AGEs饲料进行小老鼠实验:
实验组:实施例1所得高AGEs饲料,即为ATG组;
对照组:市售AIN-93G饲料,即为ATGCON组;
实验步骤:分别对2月龄C57B/L6小鼠喂食未烘焙的普通饲料和烘焙后的高AGEs饲料,第三组同样吃高AGEs饲料,但夜间禁食。三个月后测小鼠空腹血糖。实验结果见图1,从图1可知通过喂食2月龄C57B/L6小鼠AIN-93G饲料(ATGCON组)和高AGEs饲料(ATG组)分别3个月对小鼠的空腹血糖具有显著影响(P<0.01),并且夜间禁食只能白天摄食AGEs饲料的小鼠(ATGR组)的血糖比自由采食的ATG组血糖显著增高。(其中,图1中,ATGCON是对照组,ATG是高AGEs组,ATGR是高AGEs夜间禁食组)
实施例2
检测实施例1所得AGEs干预饲料的各种有效成分的含量:
1,应用FAST荧光测量方法全面评估热处理后饲料的物理化学变化,例如用相关指标(如赖氨酸损伤或过氧化物水平)进行校准,从而评估饲料内的蛋白质营养价值。
1)将实施例1中制备得到的饲料研磨成细粉后,取700毫克溶解在25毫升0.1mol/L硼酸盐缓冲液(pH8.2)中,过滤得到滤液和固体;(应用硼酸盐缓冲液分离和纯化蛋白质,并过滤掉,一部分溶解,一部分被过滤到纤维素纸上);
2)将可溶性蛋白质过滤在纤维素纸上,以AMP(320/395nm)与Trp荧光(290/340nm)的百分比为单位测定其FAST指数;FAST指数是评价蛋白质热损害的敏感指标;
3)向步骤1)中滤液加入0.1%的三氯乙酸,测定羟甲基糠醛的含量。并将上述含有三氯乙酸的混合液进行离心处理,将离心上清液经0.45μm尼龙预过滤器过滤,用Spherisorb C-18柱,流动相:甲醇/醋酸钠(1/9体积比,pH3.5)洗脱,280nm检测;其中,羟甲基糠醛是一种评估食品中蛋白质发生质量损伤程度的有效标志物;
4)用4mLNH4Cl(pH7.8)水解50mg饲料粉末后,用AccQTag法测定其赖氨酸含量。用赖氨酸作为校准再次反映蛋白质的营养价值是否受到严重影响。
2,实施例1中所得AGEs干预饲料中AGEs的含量测定:应用荧光和前表面荧光方法,检测美拉德化合物(即食源性AGEs)有关的游离和总的荧光表达。
1)蛋白定量:用AOAC 992.15软件程序进行分析总蛋白质含量。取0.8-1.0gAGEs干预饲料粉末,加热到1050℃,然后在LECO FP-2000蛋白质/氮分析仪进行检测,并用EDTA进行校准。AIN-93G饲料的氮蛋白转换系数为6.25。结果以每100g产品的蛋白质克数表示。
2)游离荧光化合物测定:取0.5g的AGEs干预饲料粉末悬浮在10mL离心管中的5mL去离子水中。摇匀1分钟,加入0.25mL亚铁氰化钾(15%w/v)和醋酸锌(30%w/v)溶液,分别摇匀1分钟。将所得混合物在4℃、4500转速下离心10分钟,10mL容量瓶收集上清,再用2mL去离子水重复两次提取。上清液与去离子水混合,定容至10mL,得到定量上清溶液,将所得上清溶液用0.45μm膜进行过滤、并充分稀释至少1/16,以防止淬灭效果。在激发波长347nm,发射波长415nm的条件下,测定稀释溶液,稀释溶液中加入奎宁硫酸盐溶液(0.1mol/L H2SO4中溶解1μg/mL的奎宁),奎宁溶液可显示蓝色荧光,从而得到游离AGEs的荧光强度。在0.1mol/L H2SO4中溶解1μg/mL的奎宁硫酸盐溶液,使用荧光光谱仪测定荧光效应的线性关系,AGEs值以样品的荧光强度AU/mg表示。(其中线性关系绘制所用AGEs样品的标准浓度为0、0.5、1、1.5、2和2.5微克/毫升,测试荧光过程中,将这些标准样品定量加入奎宁硫酸盐溶液中进行荧光测定)。
3)总荧光化合物测定(游离和连接到蛋白骨架的总荧光):用3mL的0.375mg/mL蛋白酶E(PH=8.2)酶解100mgAGEs干预饲料粉末,在40℃水浴中振荡36h。冷却后,4500转、4℃离心10min、pH约7.5,取上清液,并用0.45μm膜过滤得到滤液,将所得滤液充分稀释至少1/50,在激发波长347nm,发射波长415nm的条件下,测定稀释溶液的荧光。
以上测定结果见表1。
表1AIN-93G标准饲料和其对应的高AGEs饲料主要营养成分对照(100克)
游离CML和结合CML的含量,数据以均值±标准误(N=5)表示。*p<0.05与常规AIN-93G饲料相比。
由表1的数据可得,和现有技术常规饲料(AIN-93G标准饲料)相比,本发明实施例1所得AGEs干预饲料,除AGEs含量显著增加外,其余主要成分未发生显著改变,适合用于对照实验。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料的制作方法,其特征在于,所述制作方法包括以下步骤:
S1:以质量份数计,将150-250份酪蛋白、380-420份玉米淀粉、120-150份玉米糊精、80-120份糖、40-55份纤维素、65-80份大豆油、2-5份胱氨酸、45-55份维生素、30-40份S10022M混合矿物质粉和2-3份酒石酸氢胆碱混合均匀并平铺,均匀加热;
S2:将步骤S1中加热得到的物质冷却并碾碎,并补加维生素和矿物质;
S3:将步骤S2中所得混合物压制定型,并真空封装;
S4:将步骤S3中所得封装后产品进行灭菌处理,即得所述AGEs饲料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,加热温度为120-140℃,加热时间为2.5-3h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,还包括间隔30分钟-1小时喷洒纯净水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制作方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,通过钴C60γ辐照进行灭菌处理。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制作方法,其特征在于,所述辐照的剂量10-15kGy。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的制作方法所得SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料。
7.一种检测权利要求6所述的SPF级实验大小鼠的AGEs饲料的方法,其特征在于,所述AGEs饲料中AGEs的含量测定,包括以下步骤:
1)游离荧光化合物测定:将AGEs饲料粉末加入水中,混合均匀,随后加入亚铁氰化钾(15%w/v)和醋酸锌(30%w/v)溶液,将所得混合物固液分离取上清液,定量定容,过滤并稀释,将稀释液加入奎宁硫酸盐溶液,测定所得溶液荧光值;
2)总荧光化合物测定:使用蛋白酶E酶解AGEs饲料粉末,振荡混合反应,固液分离取液相,并将液相稀释至少1/50,检测稀释液的荧光值。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,还包括所述AGEs饲料中CML含量,所述CML含量包括游离CML的含量和结合性CML的含量,
其中,所述游离CML的含量通过以下方法检测:
(1)取定量AGEs饲料溶液,加入三氯乙酸,再加入正己烷,4500-5000转离心10-12min,得到沉淀蛋白;
(2)取步骤(1)中所得沉淀蛋白用乙醇冲洗,并用盐酸进行水解,加水稀释得到待测蛋白水解液,并使用高效液相色谱检测蛋白分散液中CML的含量;
(3)使用高效液相色谱检测步骤(2)中所得待测蛋白水解液的CML含量;
所述结合性CML的含量通过以下方法检测:
S1:取定量AGEs饲料溶液,加入硼酸钠缓冲液进行还原反应,然后加入硼氢化钠溶液并静置得到混合溶液,之后将混合溶液置于冰上孵育,与预冷处理的三氯乙酸混合并离心,得到沉淀蛋白;
S2:取S1中所得沉淀蛋白用乙醇冲洗,并用盐酸进行水解,加水稀释得到待测蛋白水解液;
S3:使用高效液相色谱检测步骤S2中所得待测蛋白水解液的CML含量。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)或S2中,所述盐酸的浓度为5-6mol/L。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,S1中,所述硼酸钠缓冲液的浓度为0.2-0.3mol/L,pH值为9.0-9.5。
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