CN114711190A - 一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用 - Google Patents
一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及医药化合物技术领域,公开了一种β‑烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用,包括以下步骤:建立1型糖尿病模型;给药及分组;H&E染色观察小鼠胰腺组织病理学变化;免疫荧光双染法检测胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平;PAS染色观察胰腺和肝脏糖原水平;Western blot技术检测GLUT2、IL‑1β蛋白表达以及酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)技术检测TNF‑α、IL‑6表达水平,本发明所研究的化合物烟酰胺单核苷酸即Nicotinamide mononucleotide,NMN,该化合物具有显著的降低1型糖尿病动物模型空腹血糖的作用,通过研究明确β‑烟酰胺核苷酸对1型糖尿病的作用,阐明β‑烟酰胺核苷酸(NMN)治疗1型糖尿病潜在的作用机制,为开发1型糖尿病治疗药物提供新思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医药化合物技术领域,具体为一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用。
背景技术
1型糖尿病(Type 1diabetes mellitus,T1DM)是一种基因易感性和环境因素共同影响的自身免疫紊乱疾病,其主要特征是胰岛β细胞的破坏,使胰岛素绝对的缺乏,可影响循环系统、神经系统、消化系统和生殖系统等多个系统,糖尿病患者需要依赖外源性胰岛素维持正常的血糖水平,但目前胰岛素治疗和口服降糖药均常伴有多种不良反应且难以实现严格的日常血糖控制,如外源性注射胰岛素后,常出现过敏反应及低血糖症状,甚至导致严重的低血糖而威胁患者的生命,一种理想的1型糖尿病治疗方法是结合恢复自身免疫耐受的目的和保存和恢复胰岛β细胞功能的策略。烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)又名辅酶I,全称烟酰胺腺嘌呤双核苷酸,它广泛分布在人体的所有细胞内,参与上千种生物催化反应,是人体内必不可少的辅酶。目前研究发现NAD+在生物衰老方面的起着至关重要的调节作用,同时其前体烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN)作为补救合成途径中主要原料,引起了医学界的广泛关注。NMN是NAD+的前体,在体内发挥NAD+的生物学功能,如参与生长发育、DNA修复、SIRTs蛋白和NADP(H)的合成等。在生物体中,NAD+主要有三种代谢合成路径:Preiss-Handler途径、从头合成途径和补救合成途径。NAD+补救合成途径回收利用消耗的NAD+酶(Sirtuins)、多聚二磷酸腺苷(PARPs)和环化腺苷二磷酸核糖(c ADPR)合成酶的代谢所产生的副产物烟酰胺在烟酰胺磷酸核糖转移酶(NAMPT)的催化下生成NMN,并通过NMNAT催化与ATP反应生成NAD+。Revollo等发现Nampt通过维持血液循环中高水平NMN,从而参与调节胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素的过程,Nampt缺陷或抑制Nampt,可导致NAD生物合成缺陷以及胰岛对葡萄糖刺激诱导的胰岛素分泌缺陷,而该表观功能的改变可通过外源性补充NMN得到纠正,研究表明NMN对维持胰岛β细胞功能具有重要的意义。因此,NMN有望成为一种新型的、高效低毒的具有调节血糖作用的治疗1型糖尿病新药。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用,本发明主要观察NMN对STZ诱导1型糖尿病小鼠模型的降血糖作用,验证其是否可以通过减少胰岛β细胞凋亡,促进胰岛β细胞新生,减少炎症反应,从而达到降糖作用。
实现上述目的本发明的技术方案为,一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用,包括以下步骤:
S1、建立1型糖尿病模型;
小鼠适应性喂养3d后,随机选取30只小鼠,建模开始前禁食、禁水10~12h,测量空腹体质量及血糖并记录,按空腹体质量计算小鼠所需用药剂量50mg/kg·d·只,STZ溶于pH4.2~4.5柠檬酸钠缓冲液中,于小鼠左下腹注射,1次/d,连续5d,另选取10只作为对照,相同条件给予柠檬酸钠腹腔注射,给药后第7天,连续3d尾静脉取血测随机血糖,选取血糖平均值≥16.7mmol/L,且同时伴有过量饮水、进食、排尿、体重减轻的小鼠,为成功建立的1型糖尿病模型;
S2、给药及分组;
将步骤S1成功建立的1型糖尿病小鼠随机分为2组:糖尿病+生理盐水组和糖尿病+NMN给药组;
糖尿病+NMN给药组,腹腔注射NMN 300mg/kg/d,连续腹腔注射4周;
糖尿病+生理盐水组,腹腔注射无菌生理盐水溶液,连续腹腔注射4周后,检测小鼠空腹血糖,并处死取材。
S3、H&E染色观察小鼠胰腺组织病理学变化;
(1)石蜡切片的制备;
①将胰腺组织以4%多聚甲醛固定过夜后,用流水冲洗12h;
②梯度脱水:75%乙醇20min—80%乙醇20min—85%乙醇15min—95%乙醇I10min—95%乙醇II 10min—无水乙醇I10min—无水乙醇II 10min;
③透明:二甲苯I10min—二甲苯II 5min;
④浸蜡:浸软蜡60min,60℃—硬蜡60min,60℃—混合蜡60min,60℃;
⑤包埋:用混合蜡包埋,凝结后小心取出并做好标记,室温放置备用;
⑥制片:使用石蜡切片机,将石蜡胰腺组织切成5μm的切片,置于40℃温水中展平,用由载玻片捞起组织,置于60℃烤箱烤制1h;
(2)脱蜡及水化;
①脱蜡:二甲苯I10min—二甲苯II 10min;
②梯度水化:无水乙醇I 5min—无水乙醇II 5min—95%乙醇I 5min—95%乙醇II 5min—85%乙醇5min—80%乙醇5min—75%乙醇5min—PBS溶液10min;
(3)苏木精染色3~10分钟,流水冲洗;
(4)5%乙酸分化1分钟,流水冲洗,用吸管滴加乙酸,布满玻片上的组织即可,分化后颜色变浅,成为蓝色;
(5)返蓝:返蓝液;
(6)伊红染色1分钟,流水冲洗;
(7)脱水:70%、80%、90%、100%酒精各10秒,二甲苯1分钟,在通风橱自然晾干再封片,时间为5min;
(8)滴上中性树胶,封片,压片后将组织全部覆盖完,避免中间有气泡;
(9)采用光学显微镜观察组织形态并拍照;
S4、免疫荧光双染法检测胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平;
(1)石蜡切片;
(2)脱蜡及水化;
(3)抗原修复:浸于柠檬酸缓冲液中,用微波炉95℃中火修复抗原10min,待自然冷却,PBS溶液7min,冲洗3次;
(4)封闭:配置0.1%小牛血清+0.1%Triton封闭液,于湿盒中室温封闭2h;
(5)一抗孵育:采用胰岛素和胰高血糖素抗体,所述胰岛素和胰高血糖素抗体的比例为1:200或1:2000,于湿盒中4℃冰箱孵育过夜,PBS溶液7min,冲洗3次;
(6)二抗孵育:FITC标记山羊抗兔抗体1:2000和罗丹明标记山羊抗小鼠抗体1:2000,于湿盒中室温避光孵育2h,PBS溶液7min,冲洗3次;
(7)封片:将盖玻片利用封片液固定组织切片于载玻片上;
(8)图片、数据处理:荧光显微镜下观察胰岛素和胰高血糖素阳性表达情况;
S5、PAS染色观察胰腺和肝脏糖原水平;
(1)阴性对照切片,加淀粉酶于37℃温箱孵育30min;
(2)高碘酸染色13min,流水冲洗1min,蒸馏水浸泡10min;
(3)雪弗避光染色20min,流水冲洗5min;
(4)苏木素染色1min,流水冲去浮色2min;
(5)脱水:无水乙醇I 5min—无水乙醇II 5min—二甲苯I 5min—二甲苯II 5min;
(6)封片:滴加中性树胶,缓慢盖上盖玻片;
S6、Western blot技术检测GLUT2、IL-1β蛋白表达:
利用组织裂解液提取胰腺组织蛋白,并通过western blot技术检测氨基葡萄糖转运体2即GLUT2,炎症相关因子IL-1β蛋白表达水平;
S7、酶联免疫吸附ELISA技术检测TNF-α、IL-6表达水平:
(1)按ELISA试剂盒步骤配置标准品浓度和检测溶液A及检测溶液B;
(2)依次加入50μl不同浓度的标准品,空白孔中加入50μl标准品稀释液,各孔加入血浆样本50μl,后立即加入检测溶液A 50μl,混匀,避免气泡产生,酶标板加覆膜,于37℃温箱孵育1h;
(3)弃去孔内液体,加入洗涤剂,洗板3次;
(4)每孔加入检测溶液B 100μl,加上覆膜,于37℃温箱孵育30min;
(5)弃去孔内液体,加入洗涤剂,洗板5次;
(6)每孔加底物溶液90μl,酶标板加覆膜,于37℃温箱孵育10-20min,至标准孔呈现明显的梯度蓝色;
(7)每孔加终止液50μl,混匀,终止反应;
(8)立即用酶标仪在450nm波长下测量光密度OD值,进行统计和分析。
优选的,所述步骤S3的脱蜡及水化过程中,苏木精染色为5分钟。
优选的,步骤s4中:所述一抗孵育采用冰上操作,所述二抗孵育采用冰上操作以及避光操作,所述封片采用避光操作。
优选的,步骤S4中所述封片液中的中性树胶:PBS=1:1。
优选的,步骤S6所述组织裂解液中PI:RIPA=1:100。
优选的,步骤S1中小鼠为C57-BL/6小鼠。
本发明的有益效果是:所研究的化合物烟酰胺单核苷酸即Nicotinamidemononucleotide,NMN,该化合物具有显著的降低1型糖尿病动物模型空腹血糖的作用,且其调节血糖的活性优于临床常用的口服降糖药二甲双胍,此外,因NMN是一种机体内自然存在的生物活性核苷酸,因此还具有无毒,安全性好的特点,通过研究明确β-烟酰胺核苷酸对1型糖尿病的作用,阐明β-烟酰胺核苷酸(NMN)治疗1型糖尿病潜在的作用机制,为开发1型糖尿病治疗药物提供新思路。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
1.建立1型糖尿病模型
C57-BL/6小鼠适应性喂养3d后,随机选取30只小鼠。建模开始前禁食、禁水10~12h,测量空腹体质量及血糖并记录。按空腹体质量计算小鼠所需用药剂量(50mg/kg·d·只),STZ溶于pH 4.2~4.5柠檬酸钠缓冲液中,于小鼠左下腹注射,1次/d,连续5d。另选取10只作为对照,相同条件给予柠檬酸钠腹腔注射。给药后第7天,连续3d尾静脉取血测随机血糖。选取血糖平均值≥16.7mmol/L,且同时伴有过量饮水、进食、排尿、体重减轻的小鼠,为成功建立的1型糖尿病模型。
2.给药及分组
将成功建立1型糖尿病小鼠随机分为2组:糖尿病+生理盐水组和糖尿病+NMN给药组。糖尿病+NMN给药组,腹腔注射NMN 300mg/kg/d,连续腹腔注射4周。糖尿病+生理盐水组,腹腔注射无菌生理盐水溶液,连续腹腔注射4周后,检测小鼠空腹血糖,并处死取材。
3.H&E染色观察小鼠胰腺组织病理学变化
(1)石蜡切片的制备
①将胰腺组织以4%多聚甲醛固定过夜后,用流水冲洗12h;
②梯度脱水:75%乙醇20min—80%乙醇20min—85%乙醇15min—95%乙醇I10min—95%乙醇II 10min—无水乙醇I10min—无水乙醇II 10min;
③透明:二甲苯I10min—二甲苯II 5min;
④浸蜡:浸软蜡60min,60℃—硬蜡60min,60℃—混合蜡60min,60℃;
⑤包埋:用混合蜡包埋,凝结后小心取出并做好标记,室温放置备用;
⑥制片:使用石蜡切片机,将石蜡胰腺组织切成5μm的切片,置于40℃温水中展平,用由载玻片捞起组织,置于60℃烤箱烤制1h。
(2)脱蜡及水化
①脱蜡:二甲苯I10min—二甲苯II 10min;
②梯度水化:无水乙醇I 5min—无水乙醇II 5min—95%乙醇I 5min—95%乙醇II 5min—85%乙醇5min—80%乙醇5min—75%乙醇5min—PBS溶液10min。
(3)苏木精染色5分钟,根据染色情况,可以适当增加或减少染色时间,流水冲洗。
(4)5%乙酸分化1分钟,流水冲洗,用吸管滴加乙酸,布满玻片上的组织即可,分化后颜色变浅了一些,成为蓝色。
(5)返蓝:返蓝液。
(6)伊红染色1分钟,根据染色情况,可以适当增加或减少染色时间,流水冲洗。
(7)脱水:70%、80%、90%、100%酒精各10秒,二甲苯1分钟,可以在通风橱自然晾干再封片,约5分钟左右。
(8)滴上中性树胶,封片,用吸管滴上一滴即可,尽量少滴,但压片后要将组织全部覆盖完,避免中间有气泡。
(3)采用光学显微镜观察组织形态并拍照。
4.免疫荧光双染法检测胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平。
(1)石蜡切片
(2)脱蜡及水化
(3)抗原修复:浸于柠檬酸缓冲液中,用微波炉95℃中火修复抗原10min,待自然冷却。PBS溶液7min,冲洗3次
(4)封闭:配置0.1%小牛血清+0.1%Triton封闭液,于湿盒中室温封闭2h;
(5)一抗孵育(冰上操作):胰岛素和胰高血糖素抗体(1:200;1:2000),于湿盒中4℃冰箱孵育过夜。PBS溶液7min,冲洗3次;
(6)二抗孵育(冰上操作,避光操作):FITC标记山羊抗兔抗体(1:2000)和罗丹明标记山羊抗小鼠抗体(1:2000),于湿盒中室温避光孵育2h。PBS溶液7min,冲洗3次;
(7)封片(避光操作):将盖玻片利用封片液(中性树胶:PBS=1:1)固定组织切片于载玻片上。
(8)图片、数据处理:荧光显微镜下观察胰岛素和胰高血糖素阳性表达情况。
5.PAS染色观察胰腺和肝脏糖原水平。
(1)阴性对照切片,加淀粉酶于37℃温箱孵育30min;
(2)高碘酸染色13min,流水冲洗1min,蒸馏水浸泡10min;
(3)雪弗避光染色20min,流水冲洗5min;
(4)苏木素染色1min,流水冲去浮色2min;
(5)脱水:无水乙醇I 5min—无水乙醇II 5min—二甲苯I 5min—二甲苯II 5min。
(6)封片:滴加中性树胶,缓慢盖上盖玻片。
6.Western blot技术检测GLUT2、IL-1β蛋白表达。
利用组织裂解液(PI:RIPA=1:100)提取胰腺组织蛋白,并通过western blot技术检测氨基葡萄糖转运体2(GLUT2),炎症相关因子IL-1β蛋白表达水平。
7.酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)技术检测TNF-α、IL-6表达水平
(1)按ELISA试剂盒步骤配置标准品浓度和检测溶液A及检测溶液B。
(2)依次加入50μl不同浓度的标准品,空白孔中加入50μl标准品稀释液,各孔加入血浆样本50μl,后立即加入检测溶液A 50μl,混匀,避免气泡产生,酶标板加覆膜,于37℃温箱孵育1h;
(3)弃去孔内液体,加入洗涤剂,洗板3次;
(4)每孔加入检测溶液B 100μl,加上覆膜,于37℃温箱孵育30min;
(5)弃去孔内液体,加入洗涤剂,洗板5次;
(6)每孔加底物溶液90μl,酶标板加覆膜,于37℃温箱孵育10-20min,至标准孔呈现明显的梯度蓝色;
(7)每孔加终止液50μl,混匀,终止反应。
(8)立即用酶标仪在450nm波长下测量光密度OD值,进行统计和分析。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点,其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施,并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、建立1型糖尿病模型;
小鼠适应性喂养3d后,随机选取30只小鼠,建模开始前禁食、禁水10~12h,测量空腹体质量及血糖并记录,按空腹体质量计算小鼠所需用药剂量50mg/kg·d·只,STZ溶于pH4.2~4.5柠檬酸钠缓冲液中,于小鼠左下腹注射,1次/d,连续5d,另选取10只作为对照,相同条件给予柠檬酸钠腹腔注射,给药后第7天,连续3d尾静脉取血测随机血糖,选取血糖平均值≥16.7mmol/L,且同时伴有过量饮水、进食、排尿、体重减轻的小鼠,为成功建立的1型糖尿病模型;
S2、给药及分组;
将步骤S1成功建立的1型糖尿病小鼠随机分为2组:糖尿病+生理盐水组和糖尿病+NMN给药组;
糖尿病+NMN给药组,腹腔注射NMN 300mg/kg/d,连续腹腔注射4周;
糖尿病+生理盐水组,腹腔注射无菌生理盐水溶液,连续腹腔注射4周后,检测小鼠空腹血糖,并处死取材。
S3、H&E染色观察小鼠胰腺组织病理学变化;
(1)石蜡切片的制备;
①将胰腺组织以4%多聚甲醛固定过夜后,用流水冲洗12h;
②梯度脱水:75%乙醇20min—80%乙醇20min—85%乙醇15min—95%乙醇I10min—95%乙醇II 10min—无水乙醇I10min—无水乙醇II 10min;
③透明:二甲苯I10min—二甲苯II 5min;
④浸蜡:浸软蜡60min,60℃—硬蜡60min,60℃—混合蜡60min,60℃;
⑤包埋:用混合蜡包埋,凝结后小心取出并做好标记,室温放置备用;
⑥制片:使用石蜡切片机,将石蜡胰腺组织切成5μm的切片,置于40℃温水中展平,用由载玻片捞起组织,置于60℃烤箱烤制1h;
(2)脱蜡及水化;
①脱蜡:二甲苯I10min—二甲苯II 10min;
②梯度水化:无水乙醇I 5min—无水乙醇II 5min—95%乙醇I 5min—95%乙醇II5min—85%乙醇5min—80%乙醇5min—75%乙醇5min—PBS溶液10min;
(3)苏木精染色3~10分钟,流水冲洗;
(4)5%乙酸分化1分钟,流水冲洗,用吸管滴加乙酸,布满玻片上的组织即可,分化后颜色变浅,成为蓝色;
(5)返蓝:返蓝液;
(6)伊红染色1分钟,流水冲洗;
(7)脱水:70%、80%、90%、100%酒精各10秒,二甲苯1分钟,在通风橱自然晾干再封片,时间为5min;
(8)滴上中性树胶,封片,压片后将组织全部覆盖完,避免中间有气泡;
(9)采用光学显微镜观察组织形态并拍照;
S4、免疫荧光双染法检测胰岛素和胰高血糖素水平;
(1)石蜡切片;
(2)脱蜡及水化;
(3)抗原修复:浸于柠檬酸缓冲液中,用微波炉95℃中火修复抗原10min,待自然冷却,PBS溶液7min,冲洗3次;
(4)封闭:配置0.1%小牛血清+0.1%Triton封闭液,于湿盒中室温封闭2h;
(5)一抗孵育:采用胰岛素和胰高血糖素抗体,所述胰岛素和胰高血糖素抗体的比例为1:200或1:2000,于湿盒中4℃冰箱孵育过夜,PBS溶液7min,冲洗3次;
(6)二抗孵育:FITC标记山羊抗兔抗体1:2000和罗丹明标记山羊抗小鼠抗体1:2000,于湿盒中室温避光孵育2h,PBS溶液7min,冲洗3次;
(7)封片:将盖玻片利用封片液固定组织切片于载玻片上;
(8)图片、数据处理:荧光显微镜下观察胰岛素和胰高血糖素阳性表达情况;
S5、PAS染色观察胰腺和肝脏糖原水平;
(1)阴性对照切片,加淀粉酶于37℃温箱孵育30min;
(2)高碘酸染色13min,流水冲洗1min,蒸馏水浸泡10min;
(3)雪弗避光染色20min,流水冲洗5min;
(4)苏木素染色1min,流水冲去浮色2min;
(5)脱水:无水乙醇I 5min—无水乙醇II 5min—二甲苯I 5min—二甲苯II 5min;
(6)封片:滴加中性树胶,缓慢盖上盖玻片;
S6、Western blot技术检测GLUT2、IL-1β蛋白表达:
利用组织裂解液提取胰腺组织蛋白,并通过western blot技术检测氨基葡萄糖转运体2即GLUT2,炎症相关因子IL-1β蛋白表达水平;
S7、酶联免疫吸附ELISA技术检测TNF-α、IL-6表达水平:
(1)按ELISA试剂盒步骤配置标准品浓度和检测溶液A及检测溶液B;
(2)依次加入50μl不同浓度的标准品,空白孔中加入50μl标准品稀释液,各孔加入血浆样本50μl,后立即加入检测溶液A 50μl,混匀,避免气泡产生,酶标板加覆膜,于37℃温箱孵育1h;
(3)弃去孔内液体,加入洗涤剂,洗板3次;
(4)每孔加入检测溶液B 100μl,加上覆膜,于37℃温箱孵育30min;
(5)弃去孔内液体,加入洗涤剂,洗板5次;
(6)每孔加底物溶液90μl,酶标板加覆膜,于37℃温箱孵育10-20min,至标准孔呈现明显的梯度蓝色;
(7)每孔加终止液50μl,混匀,终止反应;
(8)立即用酶标仪在450nm波长下测量光密度OD值,进行统计和分析。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用,其特征在于,所述步骤S3的脱蜡及水化过程中,苏木精染色为5分钟。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用,其特征在于,步骤s4中:所述一抗孵育采用冰上操作,所述二抗孵育采用冰上操作以及避光操作,所述封片采用避光操作。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用,其特征在于,步骤S4中所述封片液中的中性树胶:PBS=1:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用,其特征在于,步骤S6所述组织裂解液中PI:RIPA=1:100。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种β-烟酰胺核苷酸降血糖作用的研究应用,其特征在于,步骤S1中小鼠为C57-BL/6小鼠。
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