CN114686216A - 双功能纳米润滑添加剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

双功能纳米润滑添加剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114686216A
CN114686216A CN202011637350.0A CN202011637350A CN114686216A CN 114686216 A CN114686216 A CN 114686216A CN 202011637350 A CN202011637350 A CN 202011637350A CN 114686216 A CN114686216 A CN 114686216A
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唐文涛
肖玉鸿
李培礼
余凡
邢晓东
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

本发明记载了一种双功能润滑添加剂及其制备方法。利用柠檬酸碳量子点表面丰富的化学基团接枝功能性聚合物聚乙二醇和聚乙烯亚胺得到一种基于碳量子点的纳米水基润滑添加剂。本发明通过水热法将聚乙二醇和聚乙烯亚胺对柠檬酸碳量子点进行修饰，制得的添加剂能够在水基润滑剂中稳定分散，且在不加入离子盐的条件下，能够有效提升水基润滑剂润滑性能，同时赋予润滑剂持久的抗菌性能。

Description

双功能纳米润滑添加剂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于纳米水基润滑领域，涉及一种双功能纳米润滑添加剂，具体涉及双功能水基纳米润滑添加剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着环境保护意识的增强以及能源危机的到来，开发新型润滑剂来替代传统油基润滑剂的呼声日益强烈，水基润滑剂以其环保可再生、原料来源广泛、价格低廉等特点引起学者的注意。但是，水基润滑剂目前存在着比较多的问题，如摩擦性能较差，容易被微生物污染等。需要添加各种润滑添加剂来改善性能，传统润滑添加剂往往功能单一，考虑到多种成分的加入成本较高而且可能会相互影响，基于此寻找集两种或多种功能于一身的润滑添加剂对水基润滑的发展具有重要意义。
近年来，碳量子点凭借优异的物理化学性能备受各领域的学者关注。其中Mou等人(10.1016/j.carbon.2019.04.066)使用柠檬酸和聚乙烯亚胺为前驱体合成了碳量子点，紧接着通过离子交换将双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂接枝到碳量子点表面，合成的产物作为聚乙二醇润滑剂的添加剂，该方法需要额外加入离子盐双三氟甲磺酰亚胺锂，才能有效减少基础液的摩擦系数和磨损量。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种双功能纳米润滑添加剂及其制备方法，应用于水基润滑领域，提高基础液润滑性能的同时赋予润滑剂优异的持久抗菌性能。
本发明的技术解决方案是：
上述双功能纳米润滑添加剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)将柠檬酸碳量子点：聚乙二醇(PEG)：聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)按质量比1：5：5称取，制成均匀的溶液；
(2)于160～220℃下水热反应240min，离心取上清透析纯化，冷冻干燥得到聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点(CPP-CDs)。
较佳的，柠檬酸碳量子点通过如下步骤制备：取柠檬酸粉末加入坩埚中，于200℃高温下热解480min，冷却后加入去离子水浸泡，研磨后离心取上清液，在去离子水中透析纯化，冷冻干燥得到柠檬酸碳量子点。
较佳的，聚乙二醇分子量为1k～6k，优选4k分子量；聚乙烯亚胺分子量为0.6k～10k,优选10k分子量。
本发明与现有技术相比，优点在于：
本发明通过水热法将聚乙二醇和聚乙烯亚胺接枝到柠檬酸碳量子点表面，制得的聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点能够在水基润滑剂中稳定分散，这也是作为润滑剂最重要的前提，且在不加入离子盐的条件下，能够有效提升水基润滑剂润滑性能，同时赋予润滑剂持久的抗菌性能。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中柠檬酸碳量子点的(a)TEM图，(b)粒径直方分布图和(c)HR-TEM图；聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点的(d)TEM图，(e)粒径直方分布图和(f)HR-TEM图。
图2为实施例1中所制得聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点以及原料的红外光谱对比图。
图3为实施例1～4中制得聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点在添加浓度为0.5wt％时，PEG基础液的(a)平均摩擦系数,(b)平均磨损量图。
图4为实施例1～4中所制得聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点的PEG分散液在(a)室温，(b)冰箱下层和(c)高速离心后静置一个月后的分散情况。
图5为持久抗菌稳定性实验图，(a)金黄色葡萄球菌和(c)大肠杆菌空白对照组30d内不同时期的细菌存活情况，(b)金黄色葡萄球菌和(d)大肠杆菌分别与实施例1中制得聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点共培养30d内不同时期的细菌存活情况。
具体实施方式
实施例1
第一步采用热解法合成柠檬酸碳量子点，在分析天平上称取2g无水柠檬酸加入方形坩埚中，分别设置管式炉目标温度200℃，升温速率5℃/min，保温时间480min。待温度冷却后，取出坩埚，加入适量去离子水将棕色固体冲洗出，在玛瑙研钵中充分研磨过后，10000rpm离心10min，取上层清液装入分子量为500Da的透析袋中，透析纯化，冻干后得到柠檬酸碳量子点待用。
第二步采用水热法对第一步的柠檬酸碳量子点进行修饰，具体地，柠檬酸碳量子点：PEG4k：PEI10k按质量比为1：5：5依次称取加入装有20mL去离子水的烧杯中，超声分散均匀后装入聚四氟乙烯水热釜中，目标温度160℃，升温速率5℃/min，保温时间240min，待冷却后取出装入分子量为13k Da的透析袋中，透析纯化，冻干后得到目标添加剂产物，聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点(CPP-CDs200)待用。
实施例2
其它步骤同实施例1，其中采用热解法合成柠檬酸碳量子点时热解温度为160℃。
实施例3
其它步骤同实施例1，其中采用热解法合成柠檬酸碳量子点时热解温度为180℃。
实施例4
其它步骤同实施例1，其中采用热解法合成柠檬酸碳量子点时热解温度为220℃。
在透射电子显微镜(TEM)下观察按照实施例1所制得样品的形貌特征。从图1可知，柠檬酸碳量子点平均粒径5.27nm，聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点分散性良好，整体外观呈微球状，平均粒径为13.96nm。
采用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对实施例1中所制备的材料进行结构测试，发现在合成过程中PEI和PEG中的胺基和羟基通过与柠檬酸碳量子点表面基团反应结合到表面。
采用微纳米划痕检测仪对实施例1～4中所制得聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点作为润滑添加剂的润滑性能进行表征。在添加浓度为0.5wt％的时候，实施例1～4中所制得聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点均能有效提升基础液的润滑性能，其中热解温度为200℃时，平均摩擦系数和平均磨损量分别下降40.08％，49.8％，对基础液的润滑性能提升较为明显。
图4可以看出，按照实施例1～4中所制得聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点能够在不同环境下的基础液中稳定分散至少一个月。
图5可以看出，按实施例1所制得聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点至少能够在一个月内保持基础液稳定的抗菌性能。
表1中可以看出实施例1～4中所制得聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点对S.aureus和E.coli的最小抑菌浓度值(MIC)如下表：
表1
Figure BDA0002878881890000041

Claims (6)

1.一种双功能纳米润滑添加剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
（1）将柠檬酸碳量子点：聚乙二醇：聚乙烯亚胺按质量比1：5：5称取，制成均匀的溶液；
（2）于160~220℃下水热反应240 min，离心取上清透析纯化，冷冻干燥得到聚乙二醇/聚乙烯亚胺修饰柠檬酸碳量子点。
2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，柠檬酸碳量子点通过如下步骤制备：取柠檬酸粉末加入坩埚中，于200℃高温下热解480 min，冷却后加入去离子水浸泡，研磨后离心取上清液，在去离子水中透析纯化，冷冻干燥得到柠檬酸碳量子点。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，聚乙二醇分子量为1k~6k，优选4k分子量。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，聚乙烯亚胺分子量为0.6k~10k,优选10k分子量。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项方法制备的双功能纳米润滑添加剂。
6.如权利要求1-4任一项方法制备的双功能纳米润滑添加剂作为水基润滑剂中的用途。
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