CN114685219B - Paddy field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner and preparation method and application method thereof - Google Patents
Paddy field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner and preparation method and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner and a preparation method and an application method thereof. The conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of zeolite, 2-8 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 10-25 parts of biochar-based EM bacteria, 10-30 parts of coated calcium peroxide, 15-30 parts of humic acid calcium magnesium, 10-25 parts of modified straw and 0.1-10 parts of binder; the components are mixed and granulated, and then the mixture is applied to the paddy field at one time, and the dosage is 100-500 kg/mu. The nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner disclosed by the invention can promote the decomposition of organic matters in a paddy field, greatly expand the adsorption quantity of anions such as nitrate radical, phosphate radical and the like, improve the nutrient retaining effect of a granular structure and be practically effective for nutrient capacity expansion of the paddy field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioning, and particularly relates to a rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioning agent, a preparation method and an application method thereof.
Background
Under the long-term irrigation cultivation, paddy fields form a special soil which is different from dry soil and is called paddy soil. The area of the paddy field in China is stabilized at about 4.5 hundred million mu. Wherein the rice field with medium and low yield accounts for more than 70 percent.
The middle-low yield paddy field is an important paddy rice production area in China and is one of soil types with the maximum yield increasing potential. Under the condition of stabilizing the existing area of rice, improving the low-and-medium-yield field is an effective measure for guaranteeing the grain safety of China. However, the middle-low yield paddy field has the defects of small available nutrient storage capacity, poor fertilizer supply capability, uncoordinated nutrient and water and gas and the like due to the damage of soil aggregate, sticky texture and poor nutrient absorption efficiency, so that the paddy root system has poor growth, low activity and low nutrient absorption efficiency, and the large-area balanced yield increase of paddy rice is limited. The common solution is to apply organic fertilizer or farmyard manure to fertilize soil, but the organic fertilizer has the defects of slow effect, large quantity, unstable source, poor specificity, limited effect and the like, and especially the current large-scale cultivation causes the annual reduction of the input quantity of the organic fertilizer in the paddy field soil, so that the contradiction is increasingly prominent.
In recent years, soil conditioners have been increasingly valued and accepted as one of important measures for soil improvement and fertility improvement. However, most of the related researches on the current soil conditioner are directed at dry lands, and the soil conditions of paddy field soil and dry lands are greatly different, and the researches on dry lands are effective in expanding the nutrients of dry lands, but limited in expanding effect on the nutrients of paddy field soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects of the prior art and provides a rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner, which adopts the following technical scheme:
the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of zeolite, 2-8 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 10-25 parts of biochar-based EM bacteria, 10-30 parts of coated calcium peroxide, 15-30 parts of humic acid calcium magnesium, 10-25 parts of modified straw and 0.1-10 parts of binder;
the biochar-based EM bacteria are prepared by the following steps: immersing the biochar in 40-50% w/v phosphoric acid solution (the weight ratio of the acid solution to the biochar is preferably 1:1) for 20-28h (preferably 24 h), taking out and drying, keeping the biochar for 2-4h under the nitrogen atmosphere and the condition of 300-600 ℃, cooling, washing with water until the pH value is less than or equal to 3.5, drying the washed product, grinding the dried product into powder, and then carrying out the steps of: soaking in 0.5-10mL of EM original solution for 12-24h, and filtering to obtain the biochar-based EM bacteria;
the modified straw is prepared by the following steps: crushing straw (particle size of 0.1-0.9mm, preferably 0.1-0.2 mm) and mixing with 1g:10-30mL (preferably 1g:20 mL) of the alkaline straw is added into 10-20% (preferably 10%) w/v NaOH solution for 2h, and the alkaline straw is obtained after dehydration; then the alkalized straw and epoxy chloropropane are mixed according to 1g:5-15mL (preferably 1g:10 mL) and then adding N, N-dimethylformamide under stirring, wherein the volume ratio of the N, N-dimethylformamide to the epichlorohydrin is 1:0.5-10 (preferably 1:2); then heating for 1-2h (preferably 1 h) under the condition of 65-100 ℃ (preferably 85 ℃), and alkalizing the straws during the heating process: ethylenediamine=1 g: ethylenediamine is added in a proportion of 0.5-5mL (preferably 1g:1.5 mL); then according to the alkalization straw: triethylamine = 1g: triethylamine is added in a proportion of 1-8mL (preferably 1g:5 mL) and heating is continued for 2-4h (preferably 2 h); and finally, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified straw.
Wherein the coated calcium peroxide is resin coated calcium peroxide, the calcium peroxide is granulated under the action of a binder, and then the resin coating is carried out, and the controlled release period is 30-90 days.
Firstly, the organic matter content of the paddy field soil is higher (compared with a dry land), but the mineralization decomposition rate of the organic matter of the paddy field soil is slower due to a long-term flooding condition; aiming at the problems, the acid modified biochar is added to load the EM bacteria, so that on one hand, the activity of beneficial microorganisms and the number of bacterial groups in soil are improved, on the other hand, the EM bacteria are prevented from being activated in advance, and meanwhile, the coated calcium peroxide is added in an auxiliary manner to continuously provide oxygen, so that the mineralization decomposition rate of organic matters in the soil of the rice field is greatly improved, and a large amount of available nutrients are continuously released.
Secondly, in the field of nutrient capacity expansion conditioning (including dry land soil), the traditional conditioning agents are basically aimed at adsorption and capacity expansion of cations such as ammonium ions, potassium ions and calcium ions. The modified straw is used for expanding the nutrient content of the paddy field soil for the first time, can greatly increase the adsorption quantity of the paddy field soil to anions such as nitrate radical, phosphate radical and the like, and effectively expands the nutrient storage capacity of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient elements. In addition, the modified straw can provide a part of available nutrients in the rice field decay process, and is green, environment-friendly and pollution-free.
Finally, the humic acid calcium and magnesium are added as components of the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner, and mainly because the humic acid can provide a foundation for forming soil aggregates (an aggregate structure can enhance the nutrient retention effect of soil) in the rice field environment, and can also enhance the adsorption of phosphate; the calcium cations and the magnesium cations in the fertilizer are not only used as nutrients for crops, but also can promote the formation of a large aggregation structure, so that the fertilizer has the effect of expanding the nutrient capacity, and can also play a role in regulating the acid environment of the paddy field soil.
The invention also assists in adding zeolite, fly ash and polyacrylamide as components, which can perform NH reaction on 4 + 、K + The nutrients play a role in adsorbing, reducing the volume weight of the paddy field soil and increasing the proportion of large aggregates and the organic carbon content of the paddy field soil.
In some preferred embodiments, the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner further comprises 0.1-1 part of AM bacterial agent according to parts by weight. The AM microbial inoculum is a composite microbial inoculum composed of sacculus arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus moseae, glomus ver siform and Glomus intraradices, and the effective component is more than or equal to 70 wt%, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g. The addition of AM agents can promote the transition from small agglomerates to large agglomerates.
In some preferred embodiments, the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 300 to 500 tens of thousands.
In some preferred embodiments, the calcium magnesium humate is prepared by the process of: adding weathered coal into a nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 25-30%, wherein the weight ratio of the weathered coal to the nitric acid solution is 1:0.5 to 0.8, and stirring for 30 to 40 minutes to obtain activated humic acid; 100 parts of activated humic acid based on dry basis, and then 50 parts of 60-mesh calcined dolomite are added into water at the same time, wherein the weight of the water is 70-80% of the total weight of the activated humic acid and the calcined dolomite, and the mixture is stirred uniformly and then reacts for 4 hours at 90 ℃ to obtain the calcium magnesium humate.
In some preferred embodiments, the EM bacteria are complex bacterial agents composed of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, streptococcus lactis, rhodopseudomonas palustrisRaw dew with effective viable count not less than 10 6 The pH value is less than or equal to 3.5 per mL.
In some preferred embodiments, the binder is at least one of attapulgite powder, bentonite, slaked lime, sesbania powder, desulfurized gypsum, and natural gypsum; preferably at least one of attapulgite powder and bentonite.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner, which comprises the following steps: pulverizing zeolite (preferably 60-80 mesh), mixing with fly ash, modified straw, calcium magnesium humate, adding binder, granulating, spraying polyacrylamide solution, and oven drying to obtain granule I (preferably 2-5mm in particle diameter); and uniformly mixing the granule I with the biochar-based EM bacterium granule and the coated calcium peroxide granule to obtain the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner. When AM bacteria is added, the AM bacteria is dissolved in water and sprayed together with polyacrylamide.
The invention also discloses an application method of the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner, which comprises the following steps: the application mode is disposable bottom application, and the dosage is 100-500 kg/mu.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner disclosed by the invention can promote the decomposition of organic matters in paddy field soil, greatly expand the adsorption quantity of anions such as nitrate radical, phosphate radical and the like, improve the nutrient retaining effect of a granular structure and be practically effective for nutrient capacity expansion of paddy field soil.
Detailed Description
The conception and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with examples below to fully understand the objects, aspects and effects of the present invention.
Example 1:
step 1: preparation of modified straw
Crop straws are cleaned by tap water and crushed into straw powder with the particle size of 0.1-0.2 mm; adding straw powder into 10% (w/v) NaOH solution according to the mass-volume ratio (g: mL) =1:20 of straw to NaOH solution, then performing alkalization treatment at room temperature for 2h, and dehydrating an alkalized product in a squeezing mode to obtain alkalized straw; mixing alkalized straws and epichlorohydrin in a reaction kettle according to the mass volume ratio (g: mL) =1:10, adding a reaction medium N, N-dimethylformamide according to the mass volume ratio (mL: mL) =1:2 of N, N-dimethylformamide under the stirring condition, heating at 85 ℃ for 1h, slowly adding ethylenediamine, reacting for 1h according to the mass volume ratio (g: mL) of alkalized straws to ethylenediamine, adding triethylamine according to the mass volume ratio (g: mL) =1:5 of alkalized straws to triethylamine, and continuously heating for 2h, and filtering to obtain a solid product. Washing the obtained solid product with water, vacuum drying, sieving and grading to obtain the modified straw.
Step 2: preparation of biochar-based EM bacteria
The biochar was immersed in 40% (w/v) phosphoric acid solution at room temperature for 24 hours at a weight ratio of 1:1 (acid solution: biochar), the impregnated biochar was taken out, dried at 80℃and pyrolyzed at 450℃for 3 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling, excess phosphoric acid was washed with deionized water until the pH was 3.5 or less, and the washed sample was dried and ground to a 0.2mm powder.
The acid modified biochar is soaked in the EM original juice for 18 hours according to the mass-volume ratio (g: mL) =1:2 of the biochar to the EM original juice, then the biochar-based EM bacteria are obtained through filtration, and the biochar-based EM bacteria are granulated by adopting a granulator under the action of a binder.
Step 3: preparation of resin coated calcium peroxide
Firstly, granulating the calcium peroxide by adopting a disc granulator or a rotary drum granulator under the action of a binder, and then, coating the resin by adopting the rotary drum granulator or a fluidized bed, wherein the controlled release period is 30-90 days.
Step 4: base material granulation of nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner
Firstly, crushing zeolite to 60-80 meshes, and taking 33 parts of crushed zeolite powder material, 13 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of modified straw, 23 parts of calcium magnesium humate and 6.5 parts of binder by weight, and fully and uniformly mixing in a stirrer to obtain a mixed material; and then spraying mixed solution of 4 parts of polyacrylamide and 0.5 part of AM bacteria into the mixed material in a granulator, gradually adding the mixed material, the mixed solution of the polyacrylamide and the AM bacteria from small to large until the particles are formed, drying, screening out particles with the particle size of 2-5mm, crushing particles with the particle size of less than 2mm and more than 5mm, and returning the materials for re-granulation.
Step 5: preparation of rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner
15 parts of biochar-based EM bacteria particles in the step 2, 15 parts of resin coated calcium peroxide particles in the step 3 and nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner base material particles in the step 4 are mixed in a mixer, so that the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner is obtained.
Example 2
Step 1: preparation of modified straw
Crop straws are cleaned by tap water and crushed into straw powder with the particle size of 0.1-0.2 mm; adding straw powder into 10% (w/v) NaOH solution according to the mass-volume ratio (g: mL) =1:20 of straw to NaOH solution, then performing alkalization treatment at room temperature for 2h, and dehydrating an alkalized product in a squeezing mode to obtain alkalized straw; mixing alkalized straws and epichlorohydrin in a reaction kettle according to the mass volume ratio (g: mL) =1:10, adding a reaction medium N, N-dimethylformamide according to the mass volume ratio (g: mL) =1:2 of N, N-dimethylformamide to epichlorohydrin under stirring, heating at 85 ℃ for 1h, slowly adding ethylenediamine, reacting for 1h according to the mass volume ratio (g: mL) of alkalized straws to ethylenediamine, adding triethylamine according to the mass volume ratio (g: mL) =1:5 of alkalized straws to triethylamine, and continuously heating for 2h, thus obtaining a solid product through filtration. Washing the obtained solid product with water, vacuum drying, sieving and grading to obtain the modified straw.
Step 2: preparation of biochar-based EM bacteria
The biochar was immersed in a 50% (w/v) phosphoric acid solution at room temperature for 24 hours at a weight ratio of 1:1 (acid solution: biochar), and the immersed biochar was dried at 60℃and maintained at 500℃for 2 hours in a nitrogen atmosphere. After cooling, excess phosphoric acid was washed with deionized water until the pH was 3.5 or less, and the washed sample was dried and ground to a 0.2mm powder.
The acid modified biochar is soaked in the EM original juice for 20 hours according to the mass-volume ratio (g: mL) =1:3 of the biochar to the EM original juice, then the biochar-based EM bacteria are obtained through filtration, and the biochar-based EM bacteria are granulated by adopting a granulator under the action of a binder.
Step 3: preparation of resin coated calcium peroxide
Firstly, granulating the calcium peroxide by adopting a disc granulator or a rotary drum granulator under the action of a binder, and then, coating the resin by adopting the rotary drum granulator or a fluidized bed, wherein the controlled release period is 30-90 days.
Step 4: base material granulation of nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner
Firstly, crushing zeolite to 60-80 meshes, and taking 25 parts of crushed zeolite powder material, 15 parts of fly ash, 23 parts of modified straw, 27 parts of calcium magnesium humate and 3.2 parts of binder by weight, and fully and uniformly mixing in a stirrer to obtain a mixed material; then spraying 6 parts of polyacrylamide and 0.8 part of AM bacteria into the mixture in a granulator, gradually adding the mixture, the polyacrylamide and the AM bacteria mixture from small to large until the particles are formed, drying, screening out particles with the particle size of 2-5mm, crushing particles with the particle size of less than 2mm and greater than 5mm, returning the materials, and granulating again.
Step 5: preparation of rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner
23 parts of biochar-based EM bacteria particles in the step 2, 17 parts of resin coated calcium peroxide particles in the step 3 and nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner base material particles in the step 4 are mixed in a mixer, so that the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner is obtained.
Effect experiment
The rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner provided by the invention performs a series of tests on early rice and late rice, and obtains good application effects.
The test is carried out in a typical middle-low yield paddy field of Jixian county, sanyixian county, jiangxi province, the field test is provided with four treatments (specifically as follows), each treatment is repeated three times, 12 cells are arranged in random groups, and the cell area is 33.3m 2 。
CK1 treatment: the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are optimized fertilization amount, and 12kg of pure nitrogen and 12kg of pure phosphorus (P is used for each mu of land 2 O 5 Calculated as K) of 6kg of pure potassium 2 O meter) 10kg.
CK2 treatment: nitrogen nutrient is reduced by 33%, phosphorus nutrient is reduced by 50%, potassium nutrient is reduced by 40%, namely, 8kg of pure nitrogen and 8kg of pure phosphorus (in P per mu of land are applied 2 O 5 Calculated as K) 3kg of pure potassium 2 O meter) 6kg.
Comparative example treatment: 150 kg/mu of the conditioner disclosed in CN 105037014A is additionally applied on the basis of CK2 treatment.
Test example treatment: 150 kg/mu of the conditioner is additionally applied on the basis of CK2 treatment.
The results are shown in tables 1 to 6.
1. Influence of rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner on rice field soil nutrient adsorption characteristics
Analysis of nutrient absorption characteristics by applying no conditioner treatments (CK 1, CK 2) and no conditioner treatments (comparative and example 1) to the plough layer soil, the results of which are seen in table 1, shi Diaoli agent treatment versus NH 4 + 、K + 、PO 4 3- The adsorption amount of (2) is obviously increased. Compared with the treatment of the comparative example (the soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner), the conditioner of the invention is applied to cation NH 4 + And K + The maximum adsorption capacity of (a) is increased by 59.97% and 74.29%, respectively, and the maximum buffer capacity is increased by about 3 times, respectively; for anions NO 3 - And PO (PO) 4 3- The maximum adsorption capacity of (a) is increased by 214.3% and 153.42%, respectively, and the maximum buffer capacity is increased by about 1.5 times, respectively. Therefore, compared with the comparative example (the dry land soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner), the conditioner can further increase the adsorption quantity and the buffer capacity of the soil to cations, and can also greatly increase the adsorption quantity and the buffer capacity of the soil to anions.
TABLE 1 adsorption characteristics and adsorption parameters of soil for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients
Note that: r is R 2 As the correlation coefficient(s),xm is the maximum adsorption capacity, K is the adsorption affinity constant, and MBC is the maximum buffer capacity.
2. Influence of paddy field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner on surface charge characteristics of paddy field soil
The soil surface charge is an important index for evaluating the fertilizer retaining and supplying capability of the soil. As can be seen from table 2, the amount of soil surface charge, surface electric field strength, surface potential and cation exchange amount of Shi Diaoli agent treatment were all significantly increased compared to the treatment without conditioner. The quantity of the surface charge, the surface electric field intensity, the surface potential and the cation exchange capacity of the soil treated by the conditioner are further improved by 37.11%, 735.56%, 40.67% and 20.51% compared with those of the soil treated by the conditioner in the comparative example. Therefore, the conditioner disclosed by the invention is more beneficial to preserving soil nutrients, enhancing the nutrient supply capacity of soil and expanding the available nutrient storage capacity of soil compared with the conditioner in the comparative example.
Table 2 paddy field soil charge characteristics
3. Influence of rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner on rice field soil volume weight and aggregate structure
The soil volume weight and the large aggregate content can better reflect the soil structural change and the soil nutrient reservoir capacity. As can be seen from table 3, the volume weight of the comparative examples and conditioner treatments of the present invention was significantly reduced and the large aggregate content (> 1.0mm particle size soil aggregate) was significantly increased. Compared with the comparative example treatment, the volume weight of the conditioner treatment is reduced by 11.21%, and the content of the large aggregate is obviously increased by 16.67%, which proves that the conditioner can greatly promote the formation of the large aggregate in soil, obviously enlarge the nutrient storage capacity and improve the soil structure.
Table 3 paddy soil water stable aggregate and soil volume weight
4. Influence of rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner on pH value and nutrient content of rice field soil
The nutrient dilatation conditioner has good effect on regulating the pH value of the acid soil. As can be seen from Table 4, the soil pH values of the comparative examples and the soil conditioner treatments of the present invention were raised by 0.24 and 0.36 pH units, respectively, as compared to the CK2 treatment. Therefore, the conditioner disclosed by the invention can effectively neutralize soil active acid and solve the problem of acid and toxicity of the soil in the south rice field.
Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium were significantly increased compared to CK1 and CK2 treatments, whether the comparative example conditioner or the soil conditioner treatment of the present invention was applied. Compared with the conditioner of the comparative example, the conditioner of the invention increases the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and quick-acting phosphorus in soil by 1.94%, 7.88%, 19.88%, 59.37% and 31.07%, therefore, compared with the conditioner of the comparative example, the application of the conditioner of the invention can further improve the residual quantity of nutrients such as organic matters, total nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in soil, and effectively enhance the energy retention capacity of paddy soil to effective nutrients.
Table 4 soil nutrient content and pH
5. Influence of rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner on rice yield
As can be seen from the results of the on-site yield measurement in the rice harvest period, the yield of the rice is greatly reduced after the fertilizer is reduced, the yield of early rice is reduced by 1.72 percent, the yield of late rice is reduced by 5.72 percent, the yield of early rice is reduced by 4.98 percent, the yield of late rice is reduced by 6.15 percent, the yield of early rice is reduced by 5.31 percent and the yield of late rice is reduced by 7.29 percent in the first year by adding the soil conditioner treatment of the comparative example under the condition of reducing weight; the soil conditioner is additionally applied under the condition of losing weight, and compared with the full-quantity fertilization treatment (CK 1), the yield of early rice is increased by 7.35%, the yield of late rice is increased by 9.75%, the yield of early rice is increased by 5.51%, the yield of late rice is increased by 7.69%, and the yield of early rice is increased by 3.35% and the yield of late rice is increased by 2.22% in the first year. From this, the conditioner of the present invention still showed significant yield increase under the conditions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reduction, and showed a continuous yield increase effect, while the comparative conditioner showed a tendency of yield decrease under the conditions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium reduction, and showed a continuous yield decrease effect.
TABLE 5 Rice yield
Note that: 150 kg/mu of the conditioner is applied to early rice season and late rice season in the first year, the conditioner is not applied in the second year and the third year, and the aftereffect of the conditioner is mainly observed.
6. Influence of rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner on rice quality
The results of measuring the rice quality showed (see Table 6). Compared with the treatment without conditioner, the brown rice rate, the whole polished rice rate, the alkali extinction value and the gum consistency of the Shi Diaoli agent treatment are obviously improved, and the chalkiness degree and the amylose are obviously reduced. Compared with the comparative example, the brown rice rate, the whole polished rice rate, the alkali extinction value and the gum consistency of the early rice treated by the conditioner are respectively increased by 1.04 percent, 12.57 percent, 3.85 percent, 18.16 percent and 5.69 percent, and the chalkiness and the amylose are respectively reduced by 3.69 percent and 2.42 percent; the brown rice rate, the whole polished rice rate, the alkali extinction value and the gum consistency of the late rice are respectively increased by 0.94 percent, 1.51 percent, 1.28 percent, 9.26 percent and 4.16 percent, and the chalkiness and the amylose are respectively reduced by 23 percent and 0.66 percent. Therefore, the application of the conditioner disclosed by the invention can further improve the rice quality of early rice and late rice compared with the conditioner in a comparative example, so that the rice reaches the standard of first-grade high-quality rice.
TABLE 6 Rice quality index
In conclusion, the conditioner of the invention can obviously improve the quantity of charges on the surface of the soil, the electric field intensity and the cation exchange capacity by greatly increasing the adsorption quantity of cations and anions to the soil in the paddy field, effectively promote the formation of large aggregates, improve the nutrient content of the soil, reduce the acidity of the soil and other ways to enlarge the nutrient storage capacity of the soil in the paddy field, improve the buffer capacity of the nutrient in the soil and enhance the nutrient storage and supply capacity of the soil, thereby realizing that the conditioner of the invention can obviously improve the yield of rice and obviously modify the quality of rice under the condition of fertilizer decrement.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention should be construed as being limited to the above embodiments as long as the technical effects of the present invention are achieved by the same means. Various modifications and variations are possible in the technical solution and/or in the embodiments within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of zeolite, 2-8 parts of polyacrylamide, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 10-25 parts of biochar-based EM bacteria, 10-30 parts of coated calcium peroxide, 15-30 parts of humic acid calcium magnesium, 10-25 parts of modified straw, 0.1-10 parts of adhesive and 0.1-1 part of AM bacteria;
the biochar-based EM bacteria are prepared by the following steps: immersing biochar in 40-50% w/v phosphoric acid solution for 20-28h, taking out and drying, keeping for 2-4h under nitrogen atmosphere and 300-600 ℃, cooling, washing with water until the pH is less than or equal to 3.5, drying the washed product, grinding into powder, and then mixing with 1g: soaking in 0.5-10mL of EM original solution for 12-24h, and filtering to obtain the biochar-based EM bacteria;
the modified straw is prepared by the following steps: after crushing the straw, the weight of the crushed straw is 1g:10-30mL of the alkaline straw is added into 10-20% w/v NaOH solution for 2h, and the alkaline straw is obtained after dehydration; then the alkalized straw and epoxy chloropropane are mixed according to 1g: mixing 5-15mL, and then adding N, N-dimethylformamide under stirring, wherein the volume ratio of the N, N-dimethylformamide to the epichlorohydrin is 1:0.5-10; then heating for 1-2h at 65-100 ℃, and alkalizing the straw in the heating process: ethylenediamine=1 g: adding ethylenediamine in a proportion of 0.5-5 mL; then according to the alkalization straw: triethylamine = 1g: adding triethylamine in the proportion of 1-8mL, and continuously heating for 2-4h; and finally, filtering, washing and drying to obtain the modified straw.
2. The rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the AM microbial inoculum is a composite microbial inoculum consisting of sacculus arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus moseae, glomus versatiform and Glomus intraradices, the effective component is more than or equal to 70 wt%, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 100 hundred million/g.
3. The rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner as recited in claim 2, wherein the molecular weight of the polyacrylamide is 300-500 ten thousand.
4. The rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the calcium magnesium humate is prepared by the following steps: adding weathered coal into a nitric acid solution with the mass fraction of 25-30%, wherein the weight ratio of the weathered coal to the nitric acid solution is 1:0.5 to 0.8, and stirring for 30 to 40 minutes to obtain activated humic acid; 100 parts of activated humic acid based on dry basis, and then 50 parts of 60-mesh calcined dolomite are added into water at the same time, wherein the weight of the water is 70-80% of the total weight of the activated humic acid and the calcined dolomite, and the mixture is stirred uniformly and then reacts for 4 hours at 90 ℃ to obtain the calcium magnesium humate.
5. The rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the EM bacteria are composite bacterial agent raw juice composed of Lactobacillus delbrueckii, streptococcus lactis and rhodopseudomonas palustris, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 10 6 The pH value is less than or equal to 3.5 per mL.
6. The rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner according to claim 1, wherein the binder is at least one of attapulgite powder, bentonite, slaked lime, sesbania powder, desulfurized gypsum and natural gypsum.
7. A method for preparing the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: crushing zeolite, uniformly mixing the crushed zeolite with fly ash, modified straw, calcium magnesium humate and a binder, spraying a mixed solution of polyacrylamide and AM bacteria into the mixed material, gradually adding the mixed material, the mixed solution of polyacrylamide and AM bacteria from small to large until particles are formed, drying, screening out particles with the particle size of 2-5mm, crushing particles with the particle size of less than 2mm and more than 5mm, and returning the materials for granulating again; and then uniformly mixing the obtained particles with biochar-based EM bacteria particles and coated calcium peroxide particles to obtain the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner.
8. A method of applying the rice field soil nutrient capacity-expanding conditioner as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the application mode is a disposable bottom application, and the application amount is 100-500 kg/mu.
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