CN104529677B - A kind of salt-soda soil sustained release suppression salt fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of salt-soda soil sustained release suppression salt fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104529677B CN104529677B CN201510010364.2A CN201510010364A CN104529677B CN 104529677 B CN104529677 B CN 104529677B CN 201510010364 A CN201510010364 A CN 201510010364A CN 104529677 B CN104529677 B CN 104529677B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical group [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001465 calcium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004016 soil organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007696 Kjeldahl method Methods 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003124 biologic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006196 deacetylation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003381 deacetylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013401 experimental design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005706 microflora Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000414 obstructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of salt-soda soil to be sustained suppression salt fertilizer and preparation method thereof.The fertilizer material parts by weight form：20 30 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5 10 parts of chitosan, 5 10 parts of sodium alginate, 10 20 parts of potassium humate, 10 20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 5 10 parts of potash fertilizer, 25 parts of glycerine.Chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate are stirred evenly with glycerine and mixed as lapping, is collectively disposed at nitrogenous fertilizer in roller pelletizer, uniformly Drying and cooling after coating, is well mixed with phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, produces.The salt-soda soil sustained release suppression salt fertilizer slow release effect of the present invention is good, can reduce soil salt content and the soil weight, improve soil organic matter content, and increases crop yield, it is achieved thereby that the improvement and sustainable use of alkaline land soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of fertilizers.
Background
The cultivated land resource is one of the important factors influencing the grain safety and the agricultural sustainable development in China. However, China currently has medium-low yield fields with low large-area productivity. By low-medium yield field is meant a field in which the yield per unit area of land is relatively low and unstable due to the presence of one or more obstructive factors in the soil that restrict agricultural production. These obstacle factors include poor environmental conditions (such as saline-alkali soil, drought soil, waterlogging, etc.), poor comprehensive agricultural technical measures (such as the adoption of a large number of rotary tillage machines, etc.), uncoordinated coordination of crops and environmental factors, etc.
Saline soil is classified as a medium-low yield field due to its characteristics even if it is reclaimed and utilized because of its high salt content, low organic matter content, poor soil structure, poor nutrients and the like. At present, the area of saline-alkali soil in China is nearly 1 hundred million hectares, and along with the increasing reduction of the area of cultivated land, the transformation of the saline-alkali soil and the excavation of the production potential thereof are one of the main approaches for realizing the dynamic balance of the total amount of cultivated land, improving the comprehensive production capacity of food in China and ensuring the food safety in China. The improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil become one of important means for solving the problem of food safety, protecting ecological environment and promoting agricultural sustainable development.
The improvement of the low-yield field in the saline-alkali farmland is a worldwide problem, the aim of improvement is difficult to achieve by only one improvement measure, and all measures are matched according to local conditions. The existing improving and yield-increasing technology for saline-alkali cultivated land mainly comprises two major types of engineering measures and agricultural measures, such as concealed pipe salt drainage, terrace building, salt-tolerant variety selection, straw returning and fertilizing, salt suppression covering, unconventional water utilization, soil conditioner and the like. Most of the soil conditioners utilize components such as desulfurized gypsum, humic acid and the like, and nutritional components or biological agents and the like are added into the soil to be applied to the soil, so that the saline-alkali soil is improved and utilized. Patent documents such as CN103749022A disclose a method for accelerating the desalination of beach reclamation saline-alkali soil by using flue gas desulfurization gypsum, CN103553808A provides a humic acid saline-alkali soil modifier which comprises low-rank coal, urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ground phosphate rock and a fulvic acid plant growth regulator, the raw materials are mixed and ground into powder, the reaction time is 8-15 minutes at normal temperature under the action of ultrasonic waves, and the powder is granulated and dried. Can improve the survival rate of the saline-alkali soil crops in season.
At present, researches on utilization of saline-alkali soil by using slow-release fertilizers are more, but the used slow-release fertilizers are generally ordinary sulfur-coated or resin-coated fertilizers, most of film materials are limited to chemical raw materials, or the degradation time is long, or the subsequent influence remained in soil is unclear, the utilization and improvement effects of the saline-alkali soil are influenced, and the process is limited to the production of expensive equipment and complex process purchased by large-sized fertilizer manufacturers at home and abroad, so that the popularization and application of the slow-release fertilizers are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil and a preparation method of the slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium carbonate; preferably granular urea, the particle size of the granules is 2-4 mm.
The phosphate fertilizer is selected from calcium superphosphate, heavy calcium, diammonium phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and is preferably calcium superphosphate.
The potash fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate, potassium chloride or potassium nitrate, and preferably potassium sulfate.
The chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate and glycerol are all commercially available.
In accordance with a preferred aspect of the present invention,
a slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30 parts of urea;
10 parts of chitosan, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of potassium humate and 5 parts of glycerol;
20 parts of calcium superphosphate;
10 parts of potassium sulfate.
Or,
a slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20 parts of urea;
5 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of potassium humate and 2 parts of glycerol;
20 parts of calcium superphosphate;
5 parts of potassium sulfate.
According to the invention, the preparation method of the slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate and glycerol according to a ratio, then,
(2) proportionally placing the mixture and the nitrogen fertilizer in a roller granulator together, fully contacting, removing the mixture after the surfaces of the nitrogen fertilizer particles are uniformly coated, drying, cooling, then,
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixture with phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer according to the proportion to obtain the fertilizer.
The preparation processes of the present invention, not specifically described, are in accordance with the prior art.
According to the invention, the mixed material of chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate and glycerol is directly mixed with the N, P, K quick-acting fertilizer, so that the defects of difficult degradation of chemical membrane materials and expensive preparation of coated fertilizers are avoided. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the slow release effect is good
The chitosan and the sodium alginate have good biocompatibility and adhesiveness, and can limit the release of nutrients in the fertilizer by wrapping the surface of the fertilizer, so that a good slow release effect is achieved.
2. Good salt inhibiting effect and capability of promoting crop stress resistance
The chitosan and potassium humate can effectively improve the soil granular structure and the soil microflora structure by matching, inhibit the accumulation of salt in the soil and have better soil salt inhibition and improvement effects. And the raw materials are degraded to form high-quality organic materials which can be absorbed and utilized by crops, so that the salt resistance, the antibacterial resistance and the like of the crops are enhanced.
3. Simple process and easily-obtained product
The slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer produced by the invention requires simple equipment, only a roller granulator and a dryer are needed, the raw materials are simply mixed, expensive coating equipment is not needed, and the process is simple and easy to operate.
4. Environment protection, no poison and harm
The chitin, the sodium alginate and the potassium humate used in the slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer produced by the invention are natural and biomass, and the produced slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer product is non-toxic and harmless to soil and crops, has no adverse effect and is environment-friendly.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a nutrient release curve diagram of a slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a nutrient release curve diagram of the slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil prepared in example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, wherein the raw materials used are commercially available and not illustrated in detail in the examples are in accordance with the prior art in the art.
The urea used: the particle diameter of the granules is 2-4 mm.
Chitosan: the deacetylation degree is 85-90%.
Potassium humate: humic acid is more than or equal to 15 percent, organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent, and water is less than or equal to 10 percent.
Calcium superphosphate: with P2O5The expressed mass percentage content is 12-20%.
Example 1: a slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30 parts of urea, 10 parts of chitosan, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of potassium humate, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 10 parts of potassium sulfate and 5 parts of glycerol.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate and glycerol according to parts by weight, putting the mixture and urea in a roller granulator together, fully contacting, removing the urea particles after the surfaces of the urea particles are uniformly coated, drying at 50-60 ℃, cooling, and uniformly mixing with calcium superphosphate and potassium sulfate to obtain the urea.
Example 2: a slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20 parts of urea, 5 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of potassium humate, 20 parts of calcium superphosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate and 2 parts of glycerol.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 3: nutrient release characteristic of saline-alkali soil slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer
1. The test method comprises the following steps:
adopting a simulated soil leaching method: removing bottom of 2.5L large plastic bottle, wrapping small opening with 30um nylon net, filling small amount of crushed sand into bottle, pressing nylon net, filling into about 250g air-dried soil passing through 2mm sieve, and compacting to obtain a bulk density of 1.3g/cm3And filling 250g of soil and fertilizer mixture according to the same compactness, wherein the mass ratio of soil: fertilizer (prepared in example 1 or example 2) 10: and 1, finally adding a small amount of broken stone blocks to prevent disturbing soil layers during watering. The plastic bottle was then fixed to a shelf in a thermostat, under which the plastic bottle was placed for dispensing. Adding 125mL of water at the 1 st time to ensure that the soil moisture reaches the field moisture capacity, sequentially collecting 1d, 2d, 7d, 14d, 30d, 35d, 42d, 49d, 56d, 70d and 85d of leachates, and determining the content of N in the leachates by adopting a Kjeldahl method. And meanwhile, the water quantity of the replenishing tank is determined according to the volume of the drenched liquid so as to ensure that the soil is always kept in a field water-holding state.
2. And (3) test results:
as can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the nutrient release rate curves of the slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer (prepared in example 1 or 2) both conform to the L-shape. The slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer prepared in example 1 has a nutrient release rate of 38.24% in the first 14 days, and is released more smoothly in the middle and later periods, and after 85 days of release, the nutrient accumulation release rate reaches 52.76%. The slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer prepared in example 2 has a nutrient release rate of 37.41% in the first 14 days, and is released more smoothly in the middle and later periods, and the nutrient accumulation release rate reaches 49.85% after 85 days of release. The coating layer is well coated on the surface of the fertilizer, so that the N element is slowly released through cracks or micropores of the coating layer, a good slow release effect is achieved, and the coating layer is suitable for acting on the special soil condition of saline-alkali soil.
Example 4: saline-alkali soil slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer improvement and field test effect of utilizing saline-alkali soil
1. Test site and test soil properties:
test site: and the high and new technology industry demonstration area of the Dongying agriculture.
Soil of a test field: moderately saline soil, light loam. The basic physical and chemical properties of the soil are as follows: organic matter (0.92%), alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen (35.9 mg. kg)-1) Quick-acting phosphorus (19.8mg kg)-1) Quick-acting potassium (180.1 mg. kg)-1) The soil contains salt (0.31%) and has a volume weight of 1.97g/cm3。
2. And (3) test crops: cotton.
3. Test time: 4 months 2012-11 months 2012.
4. And (3) experimental design:
the experiment was performed with 3 treatments, respectively: (1) comparison: farmers are used to fertilize. 30 kg/mu of urea. 20 kg/mu of calcium superphosphate and 10 kg/mu of potassium sulfate. Wherein, the phosphate fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied on the basis, the nitrogen fertilizer is applied on the basis of 50 percent, and the additional application is performed on the basis of 50 percent; (2) slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizer: applying the slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer prepared in the example 1, and applying all basal fertilizer; (3) slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizer: the slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizer prepared in example 2 was applied all on a basal basis. Ensuring that the total nutrient contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium treated by 3 tests are equal. Each treatment was repeated 3 times.
5. And (3) test results:
TABLE 1 influence of slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizers on cotton yield and soil physicochemical Properties
As can be seen from table 1, after application of the slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizer (prepared either in example 1 or example 2): the yield of the cotton ginned cotton is increased by 13.74 to 15.78 percent compared with the quick-acting fertilizer contrast treatment used by farmers; the organic matter content of the soil is increased by 7.61-8.70% compared with the control treatment; the salt content of the soil is reduced by 20.00-23.33% compared with the control treatment; the volume weight of the soil is reduced by 7.11 to 8.12 percent compared with the control treatment.
Therefore, after the slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer disclosed by the invention is applied, the chitosan, the sodium alginate, the potassium humate and the like all play good slow-release wrapping, salt-inhibiting and stress-resisting effects, the yield of cotton is obviously increased, the organic matter content of soil is increased, the salt content and the volume weight of the soil are reduced, and the effects of slow release of the fertilizer, salt inhibition, improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil are better played.
Claims (6)
1. The slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the nitrogen fertilizer is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or ammonium carbonate;
the phosphate fertilizer is selected from calcium superphosphate, heavy calcium, diammonium phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
the potash fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate, potassium chloride or potassium nitrate;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate and glycerol according to a ratio, then,
(2) proportionally placing the mixture and the nitrogen fertilizer in a roller granulator together, fully contacting, removing the mixture after the surfaces of the nitrogen fertilizer particles are uniformly coated, drying, cooling, then,
(3) and (3) uniformly mixing the mixture with phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer according to the proportion to obtain the fertilizer.
2. The slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is granular urea, and the grain diameter of the granules is 2-4 mm.
3. The slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil of claim 1, wherein the phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
4. The slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil of claim 1, wherein the potassium fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
5. The slow-release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
30 parts of urea;
10 parts of chitosan, 10 parts of sodium alginate, 15 parts of potassium humate and 5 parts of glycerol;
20 parts of calcium superphosphate;
10 parts of potassium sulfate.
6. The slow release salt-inhibiting fertilizer for saline-alkali soil of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
20 parts of urea;
5 parts of chitosan, 5 parts of sodium alginate, 10 parts of potassium humate and 2 parts of glycerol;
20 parts of calcium superphosphate;
5 parts of potassium sulfate.
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