CN104529677A - Slow-release salt inhibiting fertilizer for saline and alkaline land and preparing method thereof - Google Patents
Slow-release salt inhibiting fertilizer for saline and alkaline land and preparing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN104529677A CN104529677A CN201510010364.2A CN201510010364A CN104529677A CN 104529677 A CN104529677 A CN 104529677A CN 201510010364 A CN201510010364 A CN 201510010364A CN 104529677 A CN104529677 A CN 104529677A
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- fertilizer
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- saltings
- presses down
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/40—Fertilisers incorporated into a matrix
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a slow-release salt inhibiting fertilizer for saline and alkaline land and a preparing method of the slow-release salt inhibiting fertilizer for saline and alkaline land. The slow-release salt inhibiting fertilizer for saline and alkaline land comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-10 parts of chitosan, 5-10 parts of sodium alga acid, 10-20 parts of potassium humate, 10-20 parts of phosphatic fertilizer, 5-10 parts of potash fertilizer and 2-5 parts of glycerinum. According to the slow-release salt inhibiting fertilizer for saline and alkaline land and the preparing method of the slow-release salt inhibiting fertilizer for saline and alkaline land, the chitosan, the sodium alga acid, the potassium humate and the glycerinum are mixed to serve as wrapping materials and are placed in a roller granulator together with the nitrogenous fertilizer, drying and cooling are conducted after even coating is completed, and then the mixture is mixed with the phosphatic fertilizer and the potash fertilizer evenly, so that the slow-release salt inhibiting fertilizer for saline and alkaline land is obtained. According to the slow-release salt inhibiting fertilizer for saline and alkaline land, the slow release effect is good, the content of salt in soil can be reduced, the volume weight of soil can also be reduced, the content of organic matter in soil is increased, the crop yield is increased, and then improvement and sustainable utilization of saline and alkaline land are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of saltings slowly-releasing and press down salt fertilizer and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of fertilizers.
Background technology
Cultivated land resource is one of important factor affecting China's grain security and agricultural sustainable development.But there are the low middle-and-low-yielding fields of big area productivity at present in China.So-called middle-and-low-yielding fields, refer in soil the barrier factors that there are one or more restriction agriculture productions, thus cause land area of one unit output relatively low and the arable land of shakiness.These barrier factors comprise envrionment conditions bad (as saline and alkaline, arid, flooded stain etc.), integrated agriculture technical measures not high (as adopted rotary tillage machine etc. in a large number), farm crop coordinate not in tune etc. with environmental factors.
The reasons such as saline soil is high because of soil salt content, organic content is low, Soil structure is poor, nutrient is barren, even if utilized by the reclamation of wasteland, are also attributed to middle-and-low-yielding fields because of its characteristic.At present, nearly 100,000,000 hectares of China's saltings area, along with the minimizing day by day of cultivated area, transformation salinity ground, excavate its production potential, be realize total tilled amount, improve Overall Grain Production Capability in China, one of the main path ensureing China grain security.Renovation and utilization saltings become solve Food Security and preserve the ecological environment, one of the important means promoting agricultural sustainable development.
The improvement of Saline type middle-and-low-yielding fields is global problems, and simple a kind of ameliorative measure is difficult to the object reaching improvement, must suit measures to local conditions, measures with the use of.The improvement yield-increasing technology of current Saline mainly comprises engineering measure and the large class of agronomic measures two, such as hidden pipe salt discharge, build raised fields, salt-enduring cultivars is selected, straw-returning is fostered and apply fertilizer, cover press down salt, unconventional water conservancy with and the technology such as soil improvement agent.And be utilize the composition such as desulfurated plaster, humic acid in soil improvement agent major part, adding nutrition composition or biotechnological formulation etc. is manured into soil, thus realizes alkaline land improving utilization.Patent document is a kind of method utilizing desulfurized gesso of flue gas to accelerate Tidal Flat Reclamation desalting salinized soil as CN103749022A discloses, CN103553808A provides a kind of humic acids alkaline land modifying agent, comprise low-rank coal, urea, bicarbonate of ammonia, ground phosphate rock, xanthohumic acid plant-growth regulator, described raw material is mixed, pulverizes, under ul-trasonic irradiation, normal temperature lower reaction times 8-15 minute, granulation for powders, oven dry.Saltings crop surviving rate can be improved by this season.
The research utilizing slow-release or control-release fertilizer to realize utilizing to saltings is at present more, but slow-release or control-release fertilizer used is generally common sulphur coating or resin coated fertilizers, mould material is confined to industrial chemicals mostly, or degradation time subsequent affect that is long or that remain in soil is indefinite, affect the effect that saltings utilizes improvement, and process limitations is produced in domestic and international relatively large fertilizer producer purchasing expensive equipment, complicated technology, affects applying of sustained-controll-release fertiliser.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of saltings slowly-releasing and press down salt fertilizer, the present invention also provides this slowly-releasing to press down the preparation method of salt fertilizer.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of saltings slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Described nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or volatile salt; Preferred particulates urea, grain diameter 2-4mm.
Described phosphate fertilizer is selected from calcium superphosphate, coarse whiting, Secondary ammonium phosphate or primary ammonium phosphate, preferred calcium superphosphate.
Described potash fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate, Repone K or saltpetre, preferably sulfuric acid potassium.
Described chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate and glycerine, being market can purchase.
It is preferred according to the present invention,
A kind of saltings slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
30 parts, urea;
Chitosan 10 parts, sodium alginate 10 parts, potassium humate 15 parts, glycerine 5 parts;
Calcium superphosphate 20 parts;
Potassium sulfate 10 parts.
Or,
A kind of saltings slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
20 parts, urea;
Chitosan 5 parts, sodium alginate 5 parts, potassium humate 10 parts, glycerine 2 parts;
Calcium superphosphate 20 parts;
Potassium sulfate 5 parts.
According to the present invention, a kind of saltings slowly-releasing presses down the preparation method of salt fertilizer, and step is as follows:
(1) by proportioning, chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate are mixed with glycerine, then,
(2) by proportioning, be jointly placed in roller pelletizer with nitrogenous fertilizer, abundant contact action, to nitrogenous fertilizer particle surface bag by after evenly, shift out, dry, cooling, then,
(3) by proportioning, mix with phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, to obtain final product.
In preparation method of the present invention not specified all conventionally.
The present invention utilizes the mixing material of chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate, glycerine and N, P, K readily avaiable fertilizer to carry out direct blending, avoids the defect that the degraded of chemical industry film material is difficult, coat fertilizer preparation is expensive.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, had good sustained release effect
Chitosan, sodium alginate have good biocompatibility, adhesivity, are wrapped in fertilizer surface, can limit the release of nutrient in fertilizer, thus reach good slow release effect.
2, salt tolerance effects is good, promotes crop anti-adversity ability
Chitosan, potassium humate coordinate effectively can improve soil aggregate and soil microflora structure, suppresses the accumulation of salinity in soil, has good soil to press down salt improving effect.And after raw materials used degraded, become high-quality organic materials, absorbed by cropsly can utilize, strengthen crop anti-salt, the resistance such as antibacterial.
3, technique is simple, and product is easy to get
The slowly-releasing that the present invention produces presses down salt fertilizer, and required equipment is simple, and only need roller pelletizer and dryer, by simple for raw material blending, without the need to the encapsulation tool of costliness, technique is simple to operation.
4, environmental friendliness, nontoxic
The present invention produce slowly-releasing press down salt fertilizer chitin used, sodium alginate, potassium humate from natural, be biomass material, the slowly-releasing produced press down salt fertilizer product to soil and crop nontoxic, have no adverse effects generation, environmental friendliness.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that saltings slowly-releasing prepared by embodiment 1 presses down salt fertilizer nutrient releasing curve diagram.
Fig. 2 is that saltings slowly-releasing prepared by embodiment 2 presses down salt fertilizer nutrient releasing curve diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, and the raw materials market used in embodiment can be purchased, do not illustrate in detail in embodiment all by state of the art.
Urea used: grain diameter 2-4mm.
Chitosan: deacetylation 85-90%.
Potassium humate: humic acids >=15%, organic >=20%, moisture≤10%.
Calcium superphosphate: with P
2o
5the mass percentage represented is 12-20%.
Embodiment 1: a kind of saltings slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
30 parts, urea, chitosan 10 parts, sodium alginate 10 parts, potassium humate 15 parts, calcium superphosphate 20 parts, potassium sulfate 10 parts, glycerine 5 parts.
Be prepared as follows and form: by weight; after chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate are mixed with glycerine; jointly roller pelletizer is placed in urea; abundant contact action; to urea granules pan coating evenly after, shift out, 50-60 DEG C of oven dry, to cool; mix with calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate again, to obtain final product.
Embodiment 2: a kind of saltings slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
20 parts, urea, chitosan 5 parts, sodium alginate 5 parts, potassium humate 10 parts, calcium superphosphate 20 parts, potassium sulfate 5 parts, glycerine 2 parts.
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: saltings slowly-releasing presses down the Nutrient Release of salt fertilizer
1, test method:
Adopt simulated soil leaching method: remove at the bottom of large for 2.5L Plastic Bottle, the nylon wire of osculum 30um encases, then loaded in bottle by a small amount of broken sand lump and push down nylon wire, load the air-dry soil that about 250g crosses 2mm sieve, compacting, makes its unit weight reach 1.3g/cm
3, load clay fertilizer mixture 250g by the same degree of packing, wherein mass ratio soil: fertile (prepared by embodiment 1 or embodiment 2)=10:1, finally adds a small amount of crushed stone, upsets soil layer when preventing from watering.Then this Plastic Bottle is fixed on the rack in thermostat container, places Plastic Bottle in its lower section, be used for connecing pouring fluid.Add 125mL water, make soil moisture reach field capacity, collect the pouring fluid of 1d, 2d, 7d, 14d, 30d, 35d, 42d, 49d, 56d, 70d, 85d successively for 1st time, adopt triumphant formula nitriding to measure the content drenching N element in fluid.Determine the water yield of mending tank, to ensure that soil keeps field capacity state always according to the volume drenching fluid simultaneously.
2, test-results:
As seen from Figure 1, Figure 2, slowly-releasing presses down the nutrient release rate curve of salt fertilizer (prepared by embodiment 1 or embodiment 2) and all meets " L " type.It is 38.24% that slowly-releasing prepared by embodiment 1 presses down nutrient release rate of first 14 days of its initial stage of salt fertilizer, and middle and later periods release is comparatively mild, and discharge after 85 days, nutrients accumulation release rate reaches 52.76%.It is 37.41% that slowly-releasing prepared by embodiment 2 presses down nutrient release rate of first 14 days of its initial stage of salt fertilizer, and middle and later periods release is comparatively mild, and discharge after 85 days, nutrients accumulation release rate reaches 49.85%.This illustrates that integument is well coated in fertilizer surface, the plain crack by integument of N or micropore is discharged slowly, reaches good slow release effect, be applicable to acting on this special edaphic condition in saltings.
Embodiment 4: saltings slowly-releasing presses down the field test effect in salt fertilizer modified utilization saltings
1, test site and confession examination soil property:
Test site: Dongying high-tech demonstration district of agriculture.
Experimental field soil: moderate saline soil, light loam.The basic physicochemical character of soil is: organic (0.92%), alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen (35.9mgkg
-1), rapid available phosphorus (19.8mgkg
-1), available potassium (180.1mgkg
-1), soil salt content (0.31%), unit weight 1.97g/cm
3.
2, trial crops: cotton.
3, test period: in November ,-2012 in April, 2012.
4, test design:
3 process are established in test, are respectively: (1) contrasts: peasant habit applies fertilizer.Urea 30kg/ mu.Calcium superphosphate 20kg/ mu, potassium sulfate 10kg/ mu.Wherein phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer base are executed, and nitrogenous fertilizer 50% base is executed, 50% impose; (2) slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer: the slowly-releasing using embodiment 1 obtained presses down salt fertilizer, and whole base is executed; (3) slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer: the slowly-releasing using embodiment 2 obtained presses down salt fertilizer, and whole base is executed.Ensure that the nitrogen of 3 test process, phosphorus, potassium total nutrient amount are equal.Each process repetition 3 times.
5, test-results:
Table 1 slowly-releasing presses down the impact of salt fertilizer on output of cotton and soil physico-chemical property
As can be seen from Table 1, use slowly-releasing press down salt fertilizer (prepared by embodiment 1 or embodiment 2) afterwards: cotton lint yield increase, compared with the readily avaiable fertilizer control treatment of peasant habit, volume increase 13.74%-15.78%; Soil organic matter content raises, and increases 7.61%-8.70% than control treatment; Soil salt content reduces, and reduces 20.00%-23.33% than control treatment; The soil weight reduces, and reduces 7.11%-8.12% than control treatment.
Illustrate thus, use slowly-releasing of the present invention to press down after salt fertilizer, chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate etc. have all played good slowly-releasing parcel, have pressed down the degeneration-resistant effect of salt, remarkable increase output of cotton, improve soil organic matter content, reduce soil salt content and the soil weight, played the slowly-releasing of fertilizer preferably, press down the effect in salt modified utilization saltings.
Claims (10)
1. saltings slowly-releasing presses down a salt fertilizer, and it is characterized in that, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
2. saltings as claimed in claim 1 slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and it is characterized in that, described nitrogenous fertilizer is selected from urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate or volatile salt.
3. saltings as claimed in claim 1 slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and it is characterized in that, described phosphate fertilizer is selected from calcium superphosphate, coarse whiting, Secondary ammonium phosphate or primary ammonium phosphate.
4. saltings as claimed in claim 1 slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and it is characterized in that, described potash fertilizer is selected from potassium sulfate, Repone K or saltpetre.
5. saltings as claimed in claim 2 slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and it is characterized in that, described nitrogenous fertilizer is granular urea, granularity: 2-4mm.
6. saltings as claimed in claim 3 slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and it is characterized in that, described phosphate fertilizer is calcium superphosphate.
7. saltings as claimed in claim 4 slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and it is characterized in that, described potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.
8. saltings as claimed in claim 1 slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and it is characterized in that, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
30 parts, urea;
Chitosan 10 parts, sodium alginate 10 parts, potassium humate 15 parts, glycerine 5 parts;
Calcium superphosphate 20 parts;
Potassium sulfate 10 parts.
9. saltings according to claim 1 slowly-releasing presses down salt fertilizer, and it is characterized in that, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
20 parts, urea;
Chitosan 5 parts, sodium alginate 5 parts, potassium humate 10 parts, glycerine 2 parts;
Calcium superphosphate 20 parts;
Potassium sulfate 5 parts.
10. saltings according to claim 1 slowly-releasing presses down the preparation method of salt fertilizer, comprises step as follows:
(1) by proportioning, chitosan, sodium alginate, potassium humate are mixed with glycerine, then,
(2) by proportioning, be jointly placed in roller pelletizer with nitrogenous fertilizer, abundant contact action, to nitrogenous fertilizer particle surface bag by after evenly, shift out, dry, cooling, then,
(3) by proportioning, mix with phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, to obtain final product.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105567244A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-11 | 青岛农业大学 | Modifier of saline land for wheat plantation |
| CN106380339A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Ferment-calcium humate organic fertilizer for secondary saline-alkali land and preparation method thereof |
| CN107787634A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-13 | 大连海洋大学 | A kind of Honghe fault wetland salt-soda soil Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoring method |
| CN108947707A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-07 | 璐哄悍 | It is a kind of suitable for the environmental-friendly grains dedicated fertilizer in salt-soda soil and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105567244A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-11 | 青岛农业大学 | Modifier of saline land for wheat plantation |
| CN106380339A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-08 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Ferment-calcium humate organic fertilizer for secondary saline-alkali land and preparation method thereof |
| CN107787634A (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-03-13 | 大连海洋大学 | A kind of Honghe fault wetland salt-soda soil Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoring method |
| CN108947707A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2018-12-07 | 璐哄悍 | It is a kind of suitable for the environmental-friendly grains dedicated fertilizer in salt-soda soil and preparation method thereof |
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| CN104529677B (en) | 2017-11-10 |
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