WO2014101266A1

WO2014101266A1 - Slow-release compound fertilizer applicable to plantation of soybeans

Info

Publication number: WO2014101266A1
Application number: PCT/CN2013/001242
Authority: WO
Inventors: 邵明升; 吕瑞新; 吕庆淮; 卢晓东; 郑兴芳; 陈列绒; 徐虹; 陈力; 巩俊花
Original assignee: 施可丰化工股份有限公司
Priority date: 2012-12-26
Filing date: 2013-10-14
Publication date: 2014-07-03
Also published as: CN103058753B; CN103058753A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mixture of a plurality of fertilizers containing substances which exert influence on nitrification of urea in soil and components with no special fertilizer effectiveness. Provided is a slow-release compound fertilizer applicable to plantation of soybeans. The compound fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20 to 40 parts of urea, 7 to 20 parts of ammonium sulfate, 10 to 35 parts of potassium sulfate, 25 to 30 parts of a mixed phosphate fertilizer, 0.1 to 0.5 part of a zinc, iron, and molybdenum additive, 7 to 10 parts of a granulating agent, and a proper amount of water. A preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparation of a compound of a potash fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer; (2) preparation of the mixed phosphate fertilizer; (3) preparation of mixed particles of the components of the compound fertilizer; (4) coating with stearic acid; (5) powder spreading of a modified zeolite powder material; and (6) screening. The present invention provides a slow-release compound fertilizer applicable to plantation of soybeans, which has overall nutrients and excellent slow-release performance, can fully satisfy demands for nutrients by soybeans, achieves high fertilizer utilization, improves both yield and quality of soybeans, saves resources, and protects the environment.

Description

Slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting

The invention is a slow release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application. It is a mixture of various fertilizers and non-specific fertilizer components containing substances that affect the nitrification of urea in the soil. Background technique

Soybean is an important food crop and cash crop. Its yield and acreage are second only to rice, wheat and corn, ranking fourth in the world. It plays an important role in the people's livelihood and the national economy. In recent years, the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding industry, the corresponding feed industry demand for soybean meal is in short supply and shortage. Effective use of limited land resources and increased yield and quality of soybean crops are the direction of efforts.

A large part of the nitrogen required for soybean growth supplies a solid ammonia mechanism for the symbiotic soybean rhizobium. The proportion of demand for NPK fertilizers is significantly different from that of others. In addition, iron, zinc and molybdenum elements are essential micro-elements for soybean production.

Due to the nitrogen fixation of soybean rhizobium, a prejudice has arisen, resulting in a biased application of phosphate and potash. In fact, the growth of soybeans is a crop that requires more nitrogen. After the pre-fertility and post-fertility root tumors decline, sufficient nitrogen supply is needed, which must be achieved by fertilization.

Urea is a high-quality nitrogen fertilizer with high nitrogen content, fast fertilizer efficiency and large dosage. However, in the process of using urea, it is easy to be lost through volatilization, leaching, decomposition and runoff, resulting in low efficiency of fertilizer efficiency. According to statistics, the utilization rate in the current season is only about 30%, which not only causes waste of fertilizer, but also It pollutes the environment in which humans depend on the atmosphere, water and soil.

In order to solve the above technical problems, at present, sulfur and various polymer resins are used at home and abroad to coat urea. Or adding a uric acid inhibitor and a nitrification inhibitor; using a high molecular polymer material such as a cyclic chlorine resin or an acrylic resin or even a multi-layer coating or a mixture of several kinds of fertilizer particles to form a slow release controlled release fertilizer; the coating material is difficult Degradation in the soil, causing damage to the soil environment. Moreover, the process is complicated, the manufacturing cost is high, and the environment is polluted.

China Patent Application No. 201 1 10021688.8 "Biodegradable Coated Urea" applied by Shi Kefeng Chemical Co., Ltd. successfully solved the above problems of urea nitrogen fertilizer, using stearic acid which can be degraded by soil microorganisms as ffl as nitrogen fertilizer The coating material of urea provides a degradable coated urea product which is biodegradable, non-polluting and can improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. However, it is only a high-quality nitrogen fertilizer with a single nutrient composition and cannot be used as a slow-release fertilizer suitable for soybean application.

Phosphorus is an important component of biological cytoplasm and an essential element for plant growth. Apatite production of phosphate fertilizer and extraction of phosphorus and its compounds: S to mineral raw materials: il! Phosphate fertilizer is required to make apatite P ₂ 0 ₅ 28% _; The amount of apatite P ₂ 0 ₅ required for its compound is higher.

Moreover, with the development of phosphorus chemical products and phosphate fertilizer industry, the demand for phosphate rock powder is increasing rapidly, and the resources of high-grade phosphate rock are scarce. The production method that relies solely on phosphate-rich mines is no longer sufficient. In this case, the utilization of apatite resources with low grades is of great significance for both resource conservation and environmental protection.

In summary, the prior art soybean-specific fertilizer has the following disadvantages:

1. Multi-layer coating, complex production process, large investment and high production cost.

2. The coating material is difficult to degrade, and long-term use will have a negative impact on the soil; even pollute the soil and affect the quality of agricultural products.

3. The ratio of the main nutrient elements in the fertilizer does not match the demand for each stage of soybean growth, and the fertilizer efficiency is low.

4. Lack of essential trace elements, incomplete nutrition, affecting yield.

5. Suitable for slow-release compound fertilizers for soybean planting, and fertilizers for improving soybean yield and quality are rare. Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, overcome the traditional prejudice, reduce the production cost, and excellent environmental protection, and provide a comprehensive nutrition, excellent sustained release performance, and can fully satisfy the soybean nutrient demand, the largest Limiting the effectiveness of the fertilizer, the slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting can improve soybean yield and improve its quality.

The object of the present invention can be achieved by the following measures:

A slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application of the present invention, characterized in that the mash is prepared as follows according to the mass fraction of raw materials:

20~40

Ammonium sulfate 7~20

Potassium sulfate 10~: 1⁄2

Mixed phosphate fertilizer 25~30

Zinc, iron, molybdenum additives 0. Bu 0.5

Granulation aids 7~10

Water

among them:

The mixed phosphate fertilizer is prepared by compounding diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder, and the mass percentage is as follows:

Diammonium phosphate % 35~60

Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer % 1 0~25 3% apatite powder () ~ 4 () the apatite powder is Ρ ₂ 0 ₅ content of the low grade rock phosphate in 10% ~ 20% of the fflj;

The zinc, iron, and molybdenum additives are water-soluble salts of zinc, iron, and molybdenum:

The granulation aid ώ 702⁄4-85% bentonite and 30%-15% bauxite powder are mixed;

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

1. Preparation of potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer complex

First, 20 to 40 parts by weight of urea is heated and melted, and then 7 to 20 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate and 10 to 15 parts by weight of potassium sulfate are mixed uniformly to prepare a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer compound containing potassium, sulfur and ammonium, and used;

2. Preparation of mixed phosphate fertilizer

a. Preparation of apatite powder

Grinding powder containing P ₂ O ₅ 10%~20% apatite, the fineness of the apatite powder is controlled by 100 mesh ± 10, standby: b. mixing

Mixing 35 to 60 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 10 to 25 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 30 to 40 parts by weight of the apatite powder prepared in step a, and set aside;

3. Preparation of mixed particles of various components of compound fertilizer

Mixing the potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer complex prepared in the first step with 25 to 30 parts by weight of the mixed phosphate fertilizer prepared in the step 2, 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight of the zinc, iron and molybdenum additive, and 7 to 10 parts by weight of the granulation aid, and adding an appropriate amount. Water, mixing and granulating the components of the composite fertilizer with a conventional granulator;

4. Stearic acid coating

The method of coating is as follows:

a. Preparation of molten stearic acid

After the coating is accurately metered with stearic acid according to the formula, it is put into the stearic acid melting tank and heated to the molten state for use: b. .

According to the formula, the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in the step 3 are accurately measured, and the molten stearic acid prepared in the step a is sprayed in the drum type mixing granulator to prepare the mixed particles to be as uniform as possible. Coating, hot air drying, room temperature air cooling, standby; process conditions are as follows:

Hot air drying temperature is not higher than 80 'C

The cooling air temperature is not higher than 50 Ό;

5. Modified zeolite powder powder material powder a. Preparation of powder for mixing powder

According to the magnesium stearate 1. 23⁄4~2. 7 %, zeolite powder 7. : ~ 98. 83⁄4 of the raw material ratio, accurately weigh the raw materials, mix evenly, grind the powder, control the fineness of the powder 120 sieve, spare;

b. Powder coating

The amount of the mixed powder prepared in the step a is controlled to be 10~15 kg of the mixed particles of the compound fertilizer prepared per 1000 kg of the compound 3 _;

6. Screening, metering, quality inspection, and post-qualification packaging, to produce a slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting: The obtained product has a rounded appearance and no odor;

Product quality meets the following technical indicators:

N element content % 15

P ₂ (3⁄4 content% 6

K ₂ 0 content% 10

Particle size mm 2~4.75mm

Moisture content wt% 3⁄4S 2.0.

In addition to the demand for N, P and K nutrients, S and Ca are also in demand and are indispensable nutrients for plant production. Sulfur is an important component of protein. Calcium plays an irreplaceable role in plant seed germination and organ development. The S and Ca elements enter the compound fertilizer component and have positive effects in crop growth, pest control and soil improvement.

The sulfur element in the raw material formulation of the present invention is added in the form of soluble sulfate, and the proportion is large, and the fourth largest nutrient element necessary for crop growth directly provides sulfur nutrients for soybean growth. In addition to containing phosphorus, the apatite component of the formula mixed phosphate fertilizer also provides calcium, which is compatible with other components in the raw material formula and is suitable for soybean growth. To improve the yield and quality of soybeans. Made a contribution.

The object of the present invention can also be attained by the following measures - a sustained-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application of the present invention, characterized in that |4| is produced as follows in terms of parts by mass:

Urea 25~35

Ammonium sulfate 10~20

Potassium sulfate 10-30

Mixed phosphate fertilizer 25 30

Zinc, iron, 1⁄4] additive 0.1~0.5

Granulation aid 7 10 Water quantity

among them:

The mixed phosphate fertilizer is compounded by diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder, and the mass percentage thereof is as follows: phosphoric acid two hinges 35~45

Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 20~25

Apatite powder 35~40. It is a preferred technical solution.

The sustained-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application of the present invention is characterized in that it is made of the following raw materials in parts by mass:

Urea 35

Ammonium sulfate 15

Potassium sulfate 22

Mixed phosphate fertilizer 20

Zinc, iron additive 0.5

Granulation aids 7.5

Water suitable

among them:

The mixed phosphate fertilizer is prepared by compounding diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder, and the mass percentage thereof is as follows:

Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 25

Apatite powder 40.

It is the optimal technical solution.

The method for applying the slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application of the present invention is characterized in that W, 45 50 Kg/mu is applied at one time.

The sustained-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application of the present invention has the following positive effects compared to the prior art:

1. Provides a comprehensive nutrition, excellent sustained release performance, can fully meet the nutrient demand of soybeans, maximize the effectiveness of fertilizers, can improve soybean yield and improve its quality, that is, save resources and protect the environment. A slow release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean application.

2. Single-layer coating, the process is simple, the equipment investment is low, and the production cost is low.

3. The coating material can be degraded under the soil microorganisms to avoid the pollution of the coating material to the soil environment. 4. The main nutrient and nutrient ratio in fertilizer is reasonable. The sulfur element in the raw material formula is added in the form of soluble sulfate, and the proportion is large. The fourth largest nutrient element necessary for crop growth provides sulfur nutrient directly for soybean. The efficiency of fertilizer efficiency is reduced, and the yield and quality of soybeans are improved.

5. Use low grade apatite as a raw material for fertilizer. Save valuable high-grade rock ore resources. Protect the environment at the same time.

6. Because it does not contain chloride ions, it is used for soybean-specific fertilizers, which has the effect of increasing production and increasing efficiency. The average yield per mu increased by 4.7%-12.3%.

7. Overcome the bias of applying phosphate and potash fertilizers to soybean crops, while ignoring the bias of applying nitrogen fertilizer. detailed description

The invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments:

Example 1

The sustained-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application of the present invention was prepared in accordance with the following procedure.

1. Preparation of potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer complex

First, 35 parts by weight of urea is heated and melted, and then 15 parts by weight of ammonium sulfate and 22 parts by weight of potassium sulfate are added and uniformly mixed to prepare a potassium fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer compound containing potassium, sulfur and ammonium, and used;

2. Preparation of mixed phosphate fertilizer

a. Preparation of apatite powder

Grinding powder containing P ₂ O ₅ 10%~20% apatite, the fineness of the apatite powder is controlled by 100 mesh ± 10, standby; b. mixing

35 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate, 25 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 40 parts by weight of apatite powder prepared in step a, are prepared for use;

3. Preparation of mixed particles of various components of compound fertilizer

20 parts by weight of the mixed phosphate fertilizer prepared in the first step, 0.5 parts by weight of the zinc, iron, and molybdenum additive, and 7 to 10 parts by weight of the granulation aid are uniformly mixed, and an appropriate amount of water is added to utilize the potassium fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer composite prepared in the first step. a conventional granulator mixes and granulates the components of the composite fertilizer for use;

4 %〜3. 0% , The coating method is as follows: 4. The stearic acid coating film is used in the amount of the mixed granules of the composite fertilizer prepared in the first step.

a. Preparation of molten stearic acid

After the coating is accurately metered with stearic acid according to the formula, it is put into the stearic acid melting tank and heated to the molten state for use; b. .

According to the formula, the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in the step 3 are accurately measured, and the molten stearic acid prepared by the step a is used. In the drum type mixing granulator, the outer surface of the mixed particles is sprayed to form a coating layer which is as uniform as possible on the outer surface of the mixed particles, and the hot air is dried, cooled at room temperature, and used; the process conditions are as follows:

Hot air drying temperature is not higher than 80 ° C

The cooling air temperature is not higher than 50 ° C _:

5. Modified zeolite powder powder material powder

a. Preparation of powder for mixing powder

According to the magnesium stearate 1. 2%~2. 7 %, zeolite powder 97. 3% - 98. 8% of the raw material ratio, accurately weigh the raw materials, mix evenly, grind the powder, control the powder Fineness over 120 mesh sieve, spare;

b. Powder coating

6. Screening, metering, quality inspection, and post-qualification packaging to produce a slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting; the obtained product has a rounded appearance and no odor;

Product quality meets the following technical indicators:

N element content % ^ 15

P ₂ 0 ₅ content% 6

K ₂ 0 content% 10

Particle size mm 2~ 4.75mm

Moisture content wt% 3⁄4≡ 2.0 .

Embodiment 2 to Embodiment 7

According to the method and the procedure of Example 1, the slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application of the present invention is prepared according to the raw material formula of Table 1.

Table 1

Raw material Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Example Ί Urea 25 22 30 28 40 20 Ammonium sulphate 20 】0 1 1 20 7 20 Potassium sulphate 25 35 19 20 25 20

3⁄4! Phosphate fertilizer 22 23 22 22 20 30 i' Iron and molybdenum additive 0.5 0. 1 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.5 Granulation aid 7.5 9.9 7.7 9.6 7.8 9.5 Water: : 迠 Suitable ■ - Suitable

The sustained-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting is prepared; the obtained product particles have a rounded appearance, and the product has no odor; the product quality reaches the following technical indexes:

Ν element content % 53⁄4 15

P _: (3⁄4 % % 6

K ₂ 0 content% 5; 10

Particle size mm 2~4.75mm

Moisture content wt% ≤ Ξ 2.0.

The application test proved that the yield of soybean was increased by 5.3%~ 13.7%.

Claims

The invention relates to a slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting, which is characterized in that the mountain is made of the following raw materials in parts by mass: barium sulfate

Potassium sulfate

Mixed phosphate fertilizer

Zinc, iron, molybdenum additives

Granulation aid

Water

among them:

The mixed phosphate fertilizer is prepared by compounding diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder o 27271, and the mass percentage thereof is as follows: o o 5- ^ ( 1

Diammonium phosphate % 35 60

4 ο ο 3

λ o o 5

Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer % 】 5

0 25

O 30 40% gray powder of the apatite powder is Ρ ₂ 0 ₅ content of 10% in low-grade phosphate rock fsj of 20%;

The zinc, iron, and molybdenum additives are water-soluble salts of zinc, iron, and molybdenum;

The granulating aid granulating agent is composed of 70%-85% bentonite and 30%-253⁄4 bauxite powder;

The preparation method comprises the following steps:

1. Preparation of potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer complex

First, the urea 2 () to 4 () parts by weight are heated and melted, and then ammonium sulfate 7 20 parts by weight and potassium sulfate 10 35 parts by weight are uniformly mixed to prepare potassium, sulfur, ammonium potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer complex, and used;

2. Preparation of mixed phosphate fertilizer

a. Preparation of apatite powder

Grinding P ₂ O ₅ 10% 20% apatite into powder, the fineness of the apatite powder is controlled by 100 mesh ± 10, standby; b. mixing

Mixing 60 parts by weight of diammonium phosphate 35, 10 25 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 30 parts by weight of apatite powder prepared in step a, and set aside;

3. Preparation of mixed particles of various components of compound fertilizer

Mixing the potassium fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer prepared in the first step with the apatite powder prepared in the second step, and mixing and granulating the components of the composite fertilizer with a conventional granulator; Claim

4. Stearic acid coating

The amount of stearic acid used is the mass of the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in step 3. 1. (%) 3. 0 %, the coating method is as follows:

a. Preparation of molten stearic acid

According to the formula, the mixed particles of the composite fertilizer prepared in the step 3 are accurately measured, and the molten stearic acid prepared in the step a is sprayed in the drum type mixing granulator to make the outer surface of the mixed particles as uniform as possible. Coating, hot air drying, room temperature air cooling, standby; process conditions are as follows:

Hot air drying temperature is not higher than 80 ° C

The cooling air temperature is not higher than 50 ° C _;

5. Modified zeolite powder powder material powder

a. Preparation of powder for mixing powder

According to magnesium stearate 1. 23⁄4~2. 7 %, zeolite powder 97. 3%~98. 8% of the raw material ratio, accurately weigh the raw materials, mix evenly, grind and powder, control powder fine Pass through a 120 mesh sieve, spare;

b. Powder coating

Product quality meets the following technical indicators:

N element content % ≡5 15

p ₂ 0 ₅ content% 2; 6

K ₂ 0 content% 5: 10

Particle size mm 2~4.75mm

Moisture content wt% 2.0.

2. The slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application according to claim 1, characterized in that the ill is made as follows according to the raw material of the mass:

Urea 25 ~ 35

Ammonium sulfate 10~20

Potassium sulfate 1 0~: Claim

Mixed phosphate fertilizer 25~3()

Zinc, iron, molybdenum additives 0. Bu 0.5

Granulation aids 7~10

Water amount

among them:

The mixed phosphate fertilizer is prepared by compounding diammonium phosphate, calcium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder, and the mass percentage thereof is as follows: diammonium phosphate 35-45

Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 20~25

Apatite powder 35~

A slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean planting application according to claim 1, characterized in that it is produced from the following raw materials in parts by mass:

Urea 35

Ammonium sulfate 1 5

Potassium sulfate 22

Mixed phosphate fertilizer 20

Zinc, iron additive 0.5

Granulation aids 7.5

Water amount

Wherein - the mixed phosphate fertilizer diammonium phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and apatite powder composite, the mass percentage thereof is as follows: diphosphoric acid 35

Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 25

Apatite powder 40.

A method for using a slow-release compound fertilizer suitable for soybean application according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it is once applied at 45 to 50 kg/mu.

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