CN114804959A - Preparation method of compound fertilizer with water retention and fertilizer retention functions - Google Patents
Preparation method of compound fertilizer with water retention and fertilizer retention functions Download PDFInfo
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- CN114804959A CN114804959A CN202210587544.7A CN202210587544A CN114804959A CN 114804959 A CN114804959 A CN 114804959A CN 202210587544 A CN202210587544 A CN 202210587544A CN 114804959 A CN114804959 A CN 114804959A
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- Prior art keywords
- fertilizer
- retention
- compound fertilizer
- compound
- water
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 112
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 206010016807 Fluid retention Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 2
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000005492 Artemisia desertorum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001661344 Artemisia desertorum Species 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014820 Galium aparine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000005702 Galium aparine Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000233 Melia azedarach Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000361919 Metaphire sieboldi Species 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQBLUJRVOKGWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[AlH3] Chemical compound [O].[AlH3] CQBLUJRVOKGWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000005069 ears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRCMKUNIILUXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KRCMKUNIILUXPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004382 potting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000003044 randomized block design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010268 sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004290 sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a compound fertilizer with water retention and fertilizer retention functions, which comprises a fertilizer raw material, a filling material and a synergist, wherein the synergist is vermiculite powder with the particle size of 200-400 meshes, accounts for 5-10% of the weight of the compound fertilizer, and the filling material is bentonite; the invention adopts vermiculite powder, bentonite and chemical fertilizer raw materials to compound, then the compound fertilizer is conveyed to a rotary drum granulator, and saturated steam is introduced for granulation at the same time, so that the compound fertilizer with strong water absorption and retention performance and long fertilizer efficiency is obtained, and the compound fertilizer has the advantages of small volume weight, good air permeability, low material cost and easy popularization and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a compound fertilizer with water and fertilizer retention functions, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers.
Background
The fertilizer is one of important material inputs in agricultural production, and according to the statistics of the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United nations, the fertilizer makes more than half of the contribution to the yield increase of crops. The application of the fertilizer plays a very important role in ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products. China has a large population and a relatively short cultivated land area, the food safety must be ensured by improving the yield and efficiency of unit area, and the application of chemical fertilizers is one of the most effective agricultural product yield increasing measures in the past, the present and the future. Because chemical fertilizers are easy to decompose and run off, the chemical fertilizers cannot be absorbed and utilized by crops in time, the utilization rate is low, and the problem that how to reduce the nutrient loss of the fertilizers and improve the utilization rate of the fertilizers is needed to be solved urgently at present is solved. Meanwhile, China faces a serious water resource problem, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is extremely unbalanced, the water resources are extremely short, how to make the most economical and reasonable use of the limited water resources and improve the agricultural water utilization efficiency is also a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the current agricultural production.
The fertilizer with the functions of water retention and fertilizer retention is an effective way for solving the problems of low water resource utilization rate and low fertilizer utilization rate. At present, organic compounds such as high molecular resin and the like are mostly used as water retention or fertilizer retention agents to be added into the fertilizer to realize the water retention and fertilizer retention functions, the production process is relatively complex, the stability is poor, the production cost of the fertilizer is greatly increased, and the application in production is limited to a great extent. Chinese patent document CN 104098381A discloses a water-retention yield-increasing slow-release compound fertilizer which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-15 parts of 1250-plus 2000-mesh diatomite, 5-6 parts of calcium chloride, 4-5 parts of sodium borate, 18-20 parts of potassium citrate, 23-25 parts of urea, 20-25 parts of diammonium phosphate, 15-18 parts of crop leftover fermentation liquor, 4-5 parts of livestock blood plasma, 10-12 parts of vinegar residue, 1-3 parts of egg shell powder, 2-3 parts of cleavers, 1-2 parts of szechwan chinaberry fruit powder, 2-3 parts of soybean peptide powder, 6-8 parts of earthworm excrement, 4-5 parts of dry corn ear, 1-2 parts of sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, 10-12 parts of cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone, 3-4 parts of methyl methacrylate, 4-5 parts of butyl acrylate, 1-2 parts of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, 0.1-0.2 part of ammonium persulfate, 2-4 parts of medical stone powder, 6-8 parts of ferric silicate sulfate and 4-5 parts of auxiliary agent, the compound fertilizer prepared by the invention uses the diatomite and the slow-release coating agent to form double coating on nutrients, the nutrients are not easy to lose, the fertilizer effect is more durable, the water retention and drought resistance capabilities are achieved, the nutrition required by the growth of crops at each stage can be met, and the ecological environment of soil is not damaged. Chinese patent document CN101113119A discloses a water-retaining fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the water-retaining fertilizer is prepared by compounding 90-99 wt% of cationic super absorbent resin and 1-10 wt% of chelate nutrient solution, the super absorbent resin is a copolymer formed by cationic polyacrylic acid-acrylamide, in the cationic super absorbent resin, the copolymer is formed by acrylic acid, acrylamide and cationic compounds, and the mass percentages of all monomers are respectively 5-40 wt% of acrylic acid, 5-40 wt% of acrylamide, 0.01-5 wt% of cationic monomer and the balance of deionized water. The invention introduces a new cationic monomer in the preparation of the water-absorbent resin, and improves the water absorption of the water-retaining material. Chinese patent document CN103589436A discloses a soil water and fertilizer retention agent, which comprises the following raw materials by weight: 15-35 wt% of carboxymethyl cellulose, 35-55 wt% of amylopectin, 10-25 wt% of artemisia desertorum seed gum and 5-20 wt% of brown sugar. The invention introduces carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), has strong water absorption and long-acting moisture-keeping stability in slurry. CN 106045669A discloses a compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which comprises a fertilizer and a synergist, wherein the synergist is amino acid modified organopolysiloxane emulsion.
Therefore, a compound fertilizer which has a long-lasting fertilizer effect and strong water retention property without organic compounds such as polymer resin is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of a compound fertilizer with the functions of water retention and fertilizer retention. The compound fertilizer obtained by the invention has strong water absorption and retention performance and long fertilizer efficiency.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a compound fertilizer with water retention and fertilizer retention functions comprises a fertilizer raw material, a filler and a synergist, wherein the synergist is 400-mesh vermiculite powder with the particle size of 200-;
the preparation method of the compound fertilizer with the water retention and fertilizer retention functions comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, crushing, and uniformly mixing for later use;
2) the powdery mixture is conveyed into a rotary drum granulator, and saturated steam is introduced at the same time, so that the temperature of the material and the viscosity of the material are improved, the salt solubility of the granulated material is increased, the quantity of liquid phase meeting the granulating requirement of the material is obtained under the condition of low water content, and the heat energy consumption in the drying process is reduced; the temperature of saturated steam is 140-160 ℃, and the pressure is 0.35-0.6 Mpa;
3) conveying the granulated primary finished product to a rotary dryer for drying;
4) conveying the dried granulation primary finished product to a hot sieving machine for sorting, directly returning fine particles to a rotary drum granulator, and continuously granulating;
5) and conveying the screened semi-finished product particles into a rotary cooler, cooling by natural cold air or strong cooling air, crushing large particles by a crusher, returning the crushed large particles into a rotary drum granulator, and continuing to granulate.
Preferably, according to the invention, the particle size of the vermiculite powder is 200-400 meshes.
Further preferably, the particle size of the vermiculite powder is 300-400 meshes.
Preferably, according to the invention, the synergist accounts for 8-10% of the weight of the compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the filler accounts for 5-20% of the weight of the compound fertilizer.
Preferably, according to the present invention, the particle size of the bentonite is 100-200 mesh.
According to the invention, the fertilizer raw material is preferably one or a mixture of more than two of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.
Vermiculite is a slab-shaped natural clay mineral, is formed by hydrothermal alteration and later weathering of super-basic miscellaneous rock, and has the characteristic of reproducibility. The chemical composition of vermiculite can be approximately [ Mg ] 3 (Si 3 Al)O 10 (OH) 2 ][Mg 0.5 (H 2 O)y]It is expressed as a layered magnesium-containing aluminosilicate, the basic structural unit of which is composed of two layers of silicate (a small amount of aluminate) tetrahedra sandwiching a layer of magnesium-containing octahedra to form a "sandwich" structure of silicate framework, with a layer of hydrated magnesium ions between the framework and the framework. The existence of the exchangeable cations and water molecules ensures that the vermiculite powder has strong ion exchange capacity, and the 200-mesh 400-mesh vermiculite powder has high ion exchange capacity, water absorption, plasticity, viscosity and the like, so that the fertilizer is conveniently pelletized and granulated; the fertilizer has the function of retaining water and fertilizer nutrients when applied to soil.
The bentonite takes montmorillonite as a main mineral component, has a 2:1 type crystal structure consisting of two silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons sandwiching an aluminum-oxygen octahedron, has strong hygroscopicity and expansibility, can be dispersed into a gelatinous state and a suspended state in an aqueous medium, has certain viscosity, thixotropy and lubricity, and is convenient for pelletizing and granulating the fertilizer. Because some cations exist in a layered structure formed by montmorillonite unit cells, the layered structure is easy to exchange by other cations and has better ion exchange property. The fertilizer has the function of keeping moisture and fertilizer nutrients when being applied to soil.
The invention adopts vermiculite powder, bentonite and chemical fertilizer raw materials to compound, then the compound fertilizer is conveyed to a rotary drum granulator, and saturated steam is introduced for granulation at the same time, so that the compound fertilizer with strong water absorption and retention performance and long fertilizer efficiency is obtained, and the compound fertilizer has the advantages of small volume weight, good air permeability, low material cost and easy popularization and use.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1:
a compound fertilizer with water retention and fertilizer retention functions comprises a fertilizer raw material, a filler and a synergist; the fertilizer raw materials comprise urea (containing N46%), monoammonium phosphate (containing N11%, P) 2 O 5 44%), potassium chloride (containing K) 2 O60%), the filler is bentonite, and the synergist is vermiculite powder. The components by weight are respectively as follows:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, crushing, and uniformly mixing for later use;
2) the powdery mixture is conveyed into a rotary drum granulator, and saturated steam is introduced at the same time, so that the temperature of the material and the viscosity of the material are improved, the salt solubility of the granulated material is increased, the quantity of liquid phase meeting the granulating requirement of the material is obtained under the condition of low water content, and the heat energy consumption in the drying process is reduced; the temperature of saturated steam is 150 ℃, and the pressure is 0.5 Mpa;
3) conveying the granulated primary finished product to a rotary dryer for drying;
4) conveying the dried granulation primary finished product to a hot sieving machine for sorting, directly returning fine particles to a rotary drum granulator, and continuously granulating;
5) conveying the screened semi-finished product particles into a rotary cooler, cooling by natural cold air or strong cold air, crushing large particles by a crusher, and returning the crushed large particles to a rotary drum granulator for continuous granulation; the compound fertilizer with the water and fertilizer retention functions is obtained, the mass percentage ratio of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium is 15:15:15, and the compound fertilizer is suitable for nutrient balance type compound fertilizers with the water and fertilizer retention functions of various crops.
Example 2:
a compound fertilizer with water retention and fertilizer retention functions comprises a fertilizer raw material, a filler and a synergist; the fertilizer raw materials comprise urea (containing N46%), monoammonium phosphate (containing N11%, P) 2 O 5 44%), potassium chloride (containing K) 2 O60%), the filler is bentonite, and the synergist is vermiculite powder. The components by weight are respectively as follows:
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, crushing, and uniformly mixing for later use;
2) the powdery mixture is conveyed into a rotary drum granulator, and saturated steam is introduced at the same time, so that the temperature of the material and the viscosity of the material are improved, the salt solubility of the granulated material is increased, the quantity of liquid phase meeting the granulating requirement of the material is obtained under the condition of low water content, and the heat energy consumption in the drying process is reduced; the temperature of saturated steam is 160 ℃, and the pressure is 0.6 Mpa;
3) conveying the granulated primary finished product to a rotary dryer for drying;
4) conveying the dried granulation primary finished product to a hot sieving machine for sorting, directly returning fine particles to a rotary drum granulator, and continuously granulating;
5) conveying the screened semi-finished product particles into a rotary cooler, cooling by natural cold air or strong cold air, crushing large particles by a crusher, returning the crushed large particles into a rotary drum granulator, and continuing granulation; the obtained compound fertilizer with the water and fertilizer retention functions has the mass percentage ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 26:8:6, and is a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer with the water and fertilizer retention functions suitable for nitrogen-rich crops (such as corn).
Application example:
in order to verify the product effect of the technology, the fertilizer disclosed by the embodiment of the invention and common commercial fertilizers are subjected to indoor pot experiment and field experiment.
Potting experiments were performed in the Shandong Jinan chamber at 6 months 2021. 3 treatments were set, CK treatment (no fertilization) and control. JP treatment (40 kg/mu of common commercial compound fertilizer and 26-8-6 nutrient content) and XP treatment (40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer with the functions of water retention and fertilizer retention in the embodiment 2 of the invention). Set 3 replicates for a total of 9 pots. The test pot is a ceramic pot with the diameter of 20cm and the height of 25cm, 13kg of air-dried soil is filled in each pot, corresponding fertilizer is added according to the treatment design during soil filling and is uniformly mixed, then the mixture is lightly compacted, and 1L of water is poured in each pot. Except for fertilizer application, other treatment measures are consistent. And measuring the water content of the soil 7 days, 14 days, 21 days and 28 days after watering. The results are as follows:
TABLE 1 variation of water content of soil by different fertilization treatments
The results show that the compound fertilizer with the water and fertilizer retention functions prepared by the technology has obvious water retention effect compared with the common compound fertilizer.
The field test was carried out in the Wanjia street Wangchun of LeLing city, Shandong province in 2021 at 6-10 months. The region belongs to a warm-temperate zone semi-humid continental monsoon climate, is clear in four seasons, has the annual average temperature of 12.4 ℃, and has the annual average precipitation of 527.1 millimeters. The soil type of the test plot is moist soil, the organic matter content of a plough layer is 11.4g/kg, the quick-acting nitrogen is 58.7mg/kg, the available phosphorus is 18.2mg/kg, and the quick-acting potassium is 116.1 mg/kg. The former crop is wheat, the tested crop is corn, and the variety is denghai 605.
The test was conducted in a randomized block design, with 3 treatments, each CK treatment (no fertilization) and control. JP treatment (40 kg/mu of common commercial compound fertilizer and 26-8-6 of nutrient content) and XP treatment (40 kg/mu of compound fertilizer with the functions of water retention and fertilizer retention and 26-8-6 of nutrient content in the embodiment of the invention) are repeated for 3 times. Cell area 40m 2 . The test is carried out on 12 days in 6 months, the seeding row spacing is 70cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, the seed and fertilizer are simultaneously sown during the seeding, the fertilizer is applied once, the additional fertilizer is not applied at the later stage, and the management measures except the fertilizer application are consistent. Harvesting mature corn in 10 months and 2 days, and adjusting yieldAnd the yield composition index is examined, and the result is as follows:
TABLE 2 different treatment of rows, grains, thousand grains, and yield of corn ears
From the corn yield result, the corn yield is obviously improved by applying the compound fertilizer with the water and fertilizer retention functions of the embodiment of the invention, and the corn yield is increased by 5.4 percent compared with the common compound fertilizer with the same nutrient input. The compound fertilizer with the water and fertilizer retention functions improves the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer nutrients, coordinates the interrelation among the corn yield constituent factors and improves the corn yield.
The above examples of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications which are obvious to the technical scheme of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a compound fertilizer with water retention and fertilizer retention functions comprises a fertilizer raw material, a filler and a synergist, wherein the synergist is 400-mesh vermiculite powder with the particle size of 200-;
the preparation method of the compound fertilizer with the water retention and fertilizer retention functions comprises the following steps:
1) weighing the raw materials according to the proportion, crushing, and uniformly mixing for later use;
2) the powdery mixture is conveyed into a rotary drum granulator, and saturated steam is introduced at the same time, so that the temperature of the material and the viscosity of the material are improved, the salt solubility of the granulated material is increased, the quantity of liquid phase meeting the granulating requirement of the material is obtained under the condition of low water content, and the heat energy consumption in the drying process is reduced; the temperature of saturated steam is 140-160 ℃, and the pressure is 0.35-0.6 Mpa;
3) conveying the granulated primary finished product to a rotary dryer for drying;
4) conveying the dried granulation primary finished product to a hot sieving machine for sorting, directly returning fine particles to a rotary drum granulator, and continuously granulating;
5) and conveying the screened semi-finished product particles into a rotary cooler, cooling by natural cold air or strong cooling air, crushing large particles by a crusher, returning the crushed large particles into a rotary drum granulator, and continuing to granulate.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the vermiculite powder is 200-400 mesh.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the vermiculite powder is 300-400 mesh.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the synergist accounts for 8-10% by weight of the compound fertilizer.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the filler is 5-20% by weight of the compound fertilizer.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bentonite has a particle size of 100-200 mesh.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer raw material is one or a mixture of two or more of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, monoammonium phosphate, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and potassium chloride.
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| LU504968A LU504968B1 (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-22 | Preparation method of a compound fertilizer with water and fertilizer retention function |
| PCT/CN2023/095435 WO2023226911A1 (en) | 2022-05-25 | 2023-05-22 | Preparation method for compound fertilizer having water retention and nutrient retention functions |
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| CN1644569A (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2005-07-27 | 安徽农业大学 | Ecological drought resistant and water retaining compound fertilizer and production thereof |
| CN102503696A (en) * | 2011-11-10 | 2012-06-20 | 上海化工研究院 | Preparation method for particle compound fertilizer |
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| CN108314575A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-07-24 | 大连亚泰科技新材料股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to absorb water, be retained complex mineral fertilizer and preparation method |
| CN114804959A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-07-29 | 山东省农业科学院 | Preparation method of compound fertilizer with water retention and fertilizer retention functions |
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| CN1530356A (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2004-09-22 | 铜陵化学工业集团有限公司 | Pelleting process for composite manure |
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| WO2023226911A1 (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2023-11-30 | 山东省农业科学院 | Preparation method for compound fertilizer having water retention and nutrient retention functions |
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