CN114685181A - 一种阻垢陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种阻垢陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114685181A CN114685181A CN202210261102.3A CN202210261102A CN114685181A CN 114685181 A CN114685181 A CN 114685181A CN 202210261102 A CN202210261102 A CN 202210261102A CN 114685181 A CN114685181 A CN 114685181A
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- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供一种阻垢陶瓷材料及其制备方法及应用，所述材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土50‑70％、阻垢配料10‑40％和液相助剂15‑25％；所述液相助剂包括如下重量百分比的组分：溶剂70‑90％、粘结剂5‑20％、表面活性剂5‑10％；所述阻垢配料的化学式为：xNa2O·yCaO·zMgO·(100‑x‑y‑z)P2O5，其中0<x≤40、0<y≤25、0<z≤25。本发明制备方法简单，操作简易、不需要复杂的设备既可以生产；与常规陶瓷管相比，本发明能很好地解决了现有陶瓷管不能阻垢的问题，使得陶瓷管适用于复杂的水质，延长了陶瓷管的寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及阻垢陶瓷材料，具体涉及一种阻垢陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
目前，自来水中难免存在少量的泥沙等杂质，铁质输水管道长期使用也会产生铁锈、细菌等有害物质，长期饮用会危害身体健康。用于净水的装置从原理和材料上划分种类繁多，反渗透装置虽然能获得纯水，但同时将水中的矿物质全部去除，长期使用除成本较高外，还会减少人体从水中有益矿物质的摄入。市面上其他金属、高分子材质等材质的滤芯材料长期使用也可能产生对水质的二次污染。而陶瓷滤芯由于材料特性，在净水器使用过程中不会产生二次污染，同时能有效去除泥砂、细菌、铁锈，具有过滤效果卓越、净化水质甘甜等优点。但在水质较差时，普通的陶瓷滤芯经过长期积累也会被水中泥砂铁锈、细菌悬浮物等逐步堵塞，进而失去过滤作用。
为了克服上述问题，急需开发一种具有阻垢性能强、阻垢寿命长、净水效果好的陶瓷滤芯，解决陶瓷滤芯堵塞的难题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足之处而提供一种阻垢陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用。本发明采用本阻垢滤芯通过优化滤芯内部空间，使其具适用于复杂水质条件下的应用，同时能显著延长陶瓷滤芯的使用寿命。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案为：一种阻垢陶瓷材料，所述材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土50-70％、阻垢配料10-40％和液相助剂15-25％；所述液相助剂包括如下重量百分比的组分：溶剂70-90％、粘结剂5-20％、表面活性剂5-10％；所述阻垢配料的化学式为：xNa2O·yCaO·zMgO·(100-x-y-z)P2O5，其中0<x≤40、0<y≤25、0<z≤25。
本发明上述比例硅藻土、阻垢配料和液相助剂制备的阻垢陶瓷材料具有大通量，高阻垢率。其关键在于xNa2O·yCaO·zMgO·(100-x-y-z)P2O5体系缓释性多聚磷酸盐，内部没有气泡和裂纹。SiO2取代P2O5进入多聚磷酸盐网络，破坏了结构中的P＝O键和非桥氧，使P＝O键的伸缩振动和P-O-P不对称伸缩振动吸收波数随SiO2取代量的增加而逐渐转向低频、长波方向移动，化学稳定性下降，在水中的溶解速率逐渐增大，多聚磷酸盐可与水中的钙、镁离子等阳离子形成稳定的可溶性络合物的同时，增大了水中Ca2+、Mg2+等离子的溶解度，从而抑制了垢的沉积。因此，xNa2O·yCaO·zMgO·tSiO2·(100-x-y-z-t)P2O5·体系具有可控且持续的缓释性，将其制备成阻垢陶瓷材料后适宜于复杂水质条件下的应用。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土62-65％、阻垢配料10-18％和液相助剂18-25％。
发明人经过研究发现当制备原料在上述范围内时，制备出的陶瓷阻垢材料流量更大，阻垢率更高。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述阻垢配料的化学式为：xNa2OyCaO·zMgO·(100-x-y-z)P2O5，其中0<x≤40、0<y≤25、0<z≤25、15≤100-x-y-z≤65。
发明人经过研究发现当100-x-y-z≥15时，烧结温度在850-1000℃时，xNa2O·yCaO·zMgO·(100-x-y-z)P2O5体系由无定型相转变为高温相聚磷酸盐，出现α相、β相；当100-x-y-z≤10时，xNa2O·yCaO·zMgO·(100-x-y-z)P2O5体系不利于生成高温相聚磷酸盐。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述硅藻土包括如下重量百分比的组分：二氧化硅85-95％、氧化钛1-5％、氧化铋1-5％、氧化镁1-5％、氧化铝1-3％。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述溶剂包括水和/或有机溶剂；所述有机溶剂包括松油醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、丁基卡必醇、混合二元酸酯、己二酸二乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯中的至少一种。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述粘结剂包括环氧树脂、羧甲基纤维素、丙二醇藻蛋白酸酯、甲基纤维素、淀粉磷酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、藻蛋白酸钠、酪蛋白、聚丙烯酸钠、聚氧乙烯、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、果胶、琼脂、明胶、海藻胶、角叉胶、糊精中的至少一种。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述表面活性剂包括分散剂和/或硅烷偶联剂；所述分散剂包括十二烷基苯磺酸钠、三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯中的至少一种；所述硅烷偶联剂包括乙烯基硅烷、氨基硅烷、环氧基硅烷、巯基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述阻垢配料的制备原料包括：钠源、钙源、镁源和磷源；所述钠源包括碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、氧化钠、六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠中的至少一种；所述钙源包括氧化钙、焦磷酸二氢钙、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钙、氢氧化钙、磷酸二氢钙、硬脂酸钙中的至少一种；所述镁源包括氧化镁、氢氧化镁、碳酸镁、硬脂酸镁中的至少一种；所述六偏磷酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、磷酸、磷酸二氢铵、五氧化二磷、磷酸二氢钙、焦磷酸钠中的至少一种。
本发明还提供上述阻垢陶瓷材料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量百分比称取溶剂、粘结剂、表面活性剂混合均匀制得液相助剂；
(2)按重量百分比称取硅藻土、阻垢配料和液相助剂后混合均匀得到阻垢陶瓷前驱料；
(3)件步骤(2)得到的阻垢陶瓷前驱料依次通过铸模成型，脱模，干燥，烧结，冷却处理后得到阻垢陶瓷材料。
作为本发明的优选实施方式，所述烧结为程序烧结；所述程序烧结依次进行的第一保温阶段、第二保温阶段和第三保温阶段；所述第一保温阶段的温度为150-250℃，升温速率为3-7℃/min，保温时间为1-2h；所述第二保温阶段的温度为550-700℃，升温速率为4-8℃/min，保温时间为1-2h；所述第三保温阶段的温度为850-1000℃，升温速率为5-10℃/min，保温时间为2-3h。
发明人经过研究发现，所述烧结第一保温阶段主要为除去水汽及结晶水。第二保温阶段主要为预聚合，主要中间产物为无定型聚磷酸盐，第三保温阶段主要为α和β聚磷酸盐形成。而当温度大于1000℃及以上，升高聚合温度促进环状结构(偏磷酸盐)的生成，会造成聚磷酸盐的降解。
本发明还提供上述任一项阻垢陶瓷材料在净水装置中的应用；所述净水装置包括净水滤芯。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本发明制备方法简单，操作简易、不需要复杂的设备既可以生产。
(2)本发明与常规陶瓷管相比，该方案很好地解决了现有陶瓷管不能阻垢的问题，使得陶瓷管适用于复杂的水质，延长了陶瓷管的寿命。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。实施例中所述实验方法如无特殊说明，均为常规方法；如无特殊说明，所述试剂和材料，均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1
实施例1为本发明阻垢陶瓷材料制成阻垢陶瓷管的实施例，阻垢陶瓷材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土65％、阻垢配料17％和液相助剂18％。具体的制备方法为：
(1)制备液相：将850g水加热至80℃，边搅拌边加入40g十二烷基苯磺酸钠和10g乙烯基硅烷，混合均匀后，在400r/min转速搅拌状态下，再缓慢加入100g甲基纤维素，充分溶解，冷却后待用；
(2)制备阻垢陶瓷前驱料：称取650g硅藻土，170g阻垢配料10Na2O·25CaO·20MgO·45P2O5，在1000r/min转速下搅拌1h，混合均匀，在500r/min转速搅拌状态下，缓慢加入180g液相，在1200r/min转速下继续搅拌1.5h，直至混合均匀。硅藻土组分为：二氧化硅95％、氧化钛1％、氧化铋1％、氧化镁1％、氧化铝2％。
(3)将阻垢陶瓷前驱料放置于不锈钢模具内，铸模成型，干燥，按程序升温烧结，烧结完成后，自然冷却，得到阻垢陶瓷滤芯。程序烧结包括依次进行的第一保温阶段、第二保温阶段和第三保温阶段，其中烧结中第一保温阶段的保温温度为200℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为1h；烧结中第二保温阶段的保温温度为600℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为1h；烧结中第三保温阶段的保温温度为1000℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为2.5h。
实施例2
实施例2为本发明阻垢陶瓷材料制成阻垢陶瓷管的实施例，阻垢陶瓷材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土62％、阻垢配料18％和液相助剂20％。具体的制备方法为：
(1)制备液相：将900g松油醇加热至82℃，边搅拌边加入35g三乙基己基磷酸和15g氨基硅烷，混合均匀后，在400r/min转速搅拌状态下，再缓慢加入50g羧甲基纤维素钠，充分溶解，冷却后待用；
(2)制备阻垢陶瓷前驱料：称取620g硅藻土，180g阻垢配料10Na2O·20CaO·15MgO·55P2O5，1000r/min转速下搅拌1h，混合均匀，在500r/min转速搅拌状态下，缓慢加入200g液相，在1200r/min转速下继续搅拌1.5h，直至混合均匀。硅藻土组分为：二氧化硅95％、氧化钛1％、氧化铋1％、氧化镁1％、氧化铝2％。
(3)将阻垢陶瓷前驱料放置于不锈钢模具内，铸模成型，干燥，按程序升温烧结，烧结完成后，自然冷却，得到阻垢陶瓷滤芯。程序烧结包括依次进行的第一保温阶段、第二保温阶段和第三保温阶段，其中烧结中第一保温阶段的保温温度为200℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为1h；烧结中第二保温阶段的保温温度为600℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为1h；烧结中第三保温阶段的保温温度为1000℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为2.5h。
实施例3
实施例3为本发明阻垢陶瓷材料制成阻垢陶瓷管的实施例，阻垢陶瓷材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土65％、阻垢配料10％和液相助剂25％。具体的制备方法为：
(1)制备液相：将700g乙二醇加热至80℃，边搅拌边加入50g十二烷基苯磺酸钠和50g氨基硅烷，混合均匀后，在500r/min转速搅拌状态下，再缓慢加入200g阿拉伯胶，充分溶解，冷却后待用；
(2)制备阻垢陶瓷前驱料：称取650g硅藻土，100g阻垢配料10Na2O·25CaO·20MgO·45P2O5，在1000r/min转速下搅拌1h，混合均匀，在500r/min转速搅拌状态下，缓慢加入250g液相，在1200r/min转速下继续搅拌1.5h，直至混合均匀。硅藻土组分为：二氧化硅85％、氧化钛5％、氧化铋5％、氧化镁2％、氧化铝3％。
(3)将阻垢陶瓷前驱料放置于不锈钢模具内，铸模成型，干燥，按程序升温烧结，烧结完成后，自然冷却，得到阻垢陶瓷滤芯。程序烧结包括依次进行的第一保温阶段、第二保温阶段和第三保温阶段，其中烧结中第一保温阶段的保温温度为250℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为1h；烧结中第二保温阶段的保温温度为650℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为2h；烧结中第三保温阶段的保温温度为1000℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为3h。
实施例4
实施例4为本发明阻垢陶瓷材料制成阻垢陶瓷管的实施例，阻垢陶瓷材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土50％、阻垢配料35％和液相助剂15％。具体的制备方法为：
(1)制备液相：将800g松油醇加热至80℃，边搅拌边加入50g甲基戊醇和50g巯基硅烷，混合均匀后，在400r/min转速搅拌状态下，再缓慢加入100g海藻胶，充分溶解，冷却后待用；
(2)制备阻垢陶瓷前驱料：称取500g硅藻土，350g阻垢配料10Na2O·20CaO·15MgO·55P2O5，1000r/min转速下搅拌1h，混合均匀，在500r/min转速搅拌状态下，缓慢加入150g液相，在1200r/min转速下继续搅拌1.5h，直至混合均匀。硅藻土组分为：二氧化硅90％、氧化钛3％、氧化铋3％、氧化镁2％、氧化铝2％。
(3)将阻垢陶瓷前驱料放置于不锈钢模具内，铸模成型，干燥，按程序升温烧结，烧结完成后，自然冷却，得到阻垢陶瓷滤芯。程序烧结包括依次进行的第一保温阶段、第二保温阶段和第三保温阶段，其中烧结中第一保温阶段的保温温度为200℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为1h；烧结中第二保温阶段的保温温度为600℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为1h；烧结中第三保温阶段的保温温度为1000℃，升温速率为5℃/min，保温时间为2h。
对比例1
对比例1为本发明阻垢陶瓷材料制成阻垢陶瓷管的对比例，对比例1阻垢陶瓷材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土80％、阻垢配料0％和液相助剂20％。对比例1与实施例2除未添加阻垢配料并用等重量份的硅藻土代替外，其他组分和制备方法均与实施例2相同。
对比例2
对比例2为本发明阻垢陶瓷材料制成阻垢陶瓷管的对比例，对比例2除阻垢配料为40Na2O·25CaO·25MgO·10P2O5与实施例2不同外，其他组分和制备方法均与实施例2相同。
对比例3
对比例3为本发明阻垢陶瓷材料制成阻垢陶瓷管的对比例，对比例3除阻垢配料为40Na2O·24CaO·24MgO·12P2O5与实施例2不同外，其他组分和制备方法均与实施例2相同。
对比例4
对比例4为本发明阻垢陶瓷材料制成阻垢陶瓷管的对比例，对比例4阻垢陶瓷材料除烧结中第三保温阶段的保温温度为1100℃与实施例2不同外，其他组分和制备方法均与实施例2相同。
发明人将实施例1-3及对比例1-4阻垢陶瓷材料制成阻垢陶瓷管进行了综合性能测试，结果如表1所示。其中，流量指的是阻垢陶瓷管可以净化的水的流量，单位为升(L)；阻垢率是按照GB/T 16632-2008检测水处理剂的阻垢性能，测定碳酸钙的沉积率。
表1实施例1-3及对比例1-4阻垢性能测试结果
| 流量(L) | 流速(L/min) | 阻垢率(％) | |
| 实施例1 | 900 | 2 | 97 |
| 实施例2 | 950 | 2 | 92 |
| 实施例3 | 900 | 2 | 95 |
| 对比例1 | 200 | 2 | 12 |
| 对比例2 | 200 | 2 | 20 |
| 对比例3 | 200 | 2 | 38 |
| 对比例4 | 300 | 2 | 55 |
最后所应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种阻垢陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土50-70％、阻垢配料10-40％和液相助剂15-25％；所述液相助剂包括如下重量百分比的组分：溶剂70-90％、粘结剂5-20％、表面活性剂5-10％；所述阻垢配料的化学式为：xNa2O·yCaO·zMgO·(100-x-y-z)P2O5，其中0<x≤40、0<y≤25、0<z≤25。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻垢陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述材料包括如下重量百分比的制备原料：硅藻土62-65％、阻垢配料10-18％和液相助剂18-25％。
3.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的阻垢陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述阻垢配料的化学式为：xNa2O yCaO·zMgO·(100-x-y-z)P2O5，其中0<x≤40、0<y≤25、0<z≤25、15≤100-x-y-z≤65。
4.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的阻垢陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述硅藻土包括如下重量百分比的组分：二氧化硅85-95％、氧化钛1-5％、氧化铋1-5％、氧化镁1-5％、氧化铝1-3％。
5.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的阻垢陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述溶剂包括水和/或有机溶剂；所述有机溶剂包括松油醇、乙二醇、异丙醇、丁基卡必醇、混合二元酸酯、己二酸二乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的阻垢陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述粘结剂包括环氧树脂、羧甲基纤维素、丙二醇藻蛋白酸酯、甲基纤维素、淀粉磷酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠、藻蛋白酸钠、酪蛋白、聚丙烯酸钠、聚氧乙烯、淀粉、阿拉伯胶、果胶、琼脂、明胶、海藻胶、角叉胶、糊精中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1-2任一项所述的阻垢陶瓷材料，其特征在于，所述表面活性剂包括分散剂和/或硅烷偶联剂；所述分散剂包括十二烷基苯磺酸钠、三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯中的至少一种；所述硅烷偶联剂包括乙烯基硅烷、氨基硅烷、环氧基硅烷、巯基硅烷、甲基丙烯酰氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
8.一种如权利要求1～7任一项所述的阻垢陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
(1)按重量百分比称取溶剂、粘结剂、表面活性剂混合均匀制得液相助剂；
(2)按重量百分比称取硅藻土、阻垢配料和液相助剂后混合均匀得到阻垢陶瓷前驱料；
(3)件步骤(2)得到的阻垢陶瓷前驱料依次通过铸模成型，脱模，干燥，烧结，冷却处理后得到阻垢陶瓷材料。
9.根据权利要求8所述阻垢陶瓷材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述烧结为程序烧结；所述程序烧结依次进行的第一保温阶段、第二保温阶段和第三保温阶段；所述第一保温阶段的温度为150-250℃，升温速率为3-7℃/min，保温时间为1-2h；所述第二保温阶段的温度为550-700℃，升温速率为4-8℃/min，保温时间为1-2h；所述第三保温阶段的温度为850-1000℃，升温速率为5-10℃/min，保温时间为2-3h。
10.一种如权利要求1～9任一项所述阻垢陶瓷材料在净水装置中的应用；所述净水装置包括净水滤芯。
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| CN111233176A (zh) * | 2018-11-28 | 2020-06-05 | 东莞市倍益清环保科技有限公司 | 一种阻垢颗粒、其制备方法及用途 |
| CN109650566A (zh) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-19 | 华南理工大学 | 一种可控缓释聚磷酸盐阻垢剂及其制备方法 |
| CN112876224A (zh) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-01 | 东莞市倍益清环保科技有限公司 | 一种多孔阻垢陶瓷的制备方法和用途 |
| CN114180754A (zh) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-03-15 | 佛山市芯耀环保科技有限公司 | 复合过滤材料膜、复合滤芯及制作方法 |
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