CN114681599A - 一种阳离子脂质体疫苗及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
一种阳离子脂质体疫苗及其制备方法和用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种阳离子脂质体疫苗及其制备方法和用途。通过将免疫佐剂与抗原肽的融合蛋白,具体为重组天花粉蛋白与legumain多肽的融合蛋白,包载在阳离子脂质体中制成所述阳离子脂质体疫苗。经试验证实,用所述脂质体疫苗对小鼠进行局部免疫后,一方面可有效招募APCs,并通过纳米粒的“尺寸效应”实现淋巴结靶向,并致敏淋巴结内APCs,促进抗原的识别和递呈,从而促使抗原特异性T细胞的活化和增殖;另一方面,通过对TAM及肿瘤免疫微环境进行调控,促使抑制性微环境实现“免疫正常化”,从而发挥抗肿瘤免疫治疗作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,更具体而言,本发明涉及一种天花粉蛋白-抗原肽共输送阳离子脂质体疫苗及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
肺癌是我国较常见,新发病率和死亡率均较高的癌症模型,其五年生存期短。肿瘤的发生发展与自身免疫功能异常有关,肿瘤组织由肿瘤细胞及其复杂的肿瘤微环境组成,肿瘤细胞通过驯化微环境的组成成分使其形成有利于其发生发展的免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境。基于靶向调控肿瘤微环境的免疫治疗策略,可“训练”自身免疫系统,使处于抑制状态的机体实现“免疫正常化”,从而达到提高肿瘤治疗效果的目的。免疫治疗的成功使得肿瘤治疗已经进入了一个新时代。
虽有肿瘤免疫治疗手段在临床治疗上表现出了显著的治疗效果,但现在仍遇到诸多挑战:免疫检查点治疗的低响应率、CAR-T细胞治疗的技术复杂性以及免疫治疗的安全性等。PD-L1/PD-1免疫检查点疗法的响应率常常低于20%,并且常常伴随着自身免疫性毒副反应,如发生结肠炎和肺炎等。免疫治疗期间肿瘤和微环境的耐药演变,导致单抗药物治疗的失败。
治疗性癌症疫苗具有较高的特异性、良好的安全性和长期的免疫记忆的特性,是一种充满前景的免疫疗法。癌症疫苗有三个关键组成部分:肿瘤抗原、免疫佐剂和递送载体。癌症的复杂性、多样性和动态性等使免疫研究和临床应用遇到诸多挑战。个体化肿瘤疫苗设计主要存在以下几个特点:
(1)主要以肿瘤细胞为靶标,需要筛选肿瘤相关或特异性抗原;但肿瘤细胞表面的一些显性肿瘤抗原会在免疫治疗过程中消失,从而导致免疫治疗耐药。
(2)活检取得的肿瘤样本不一定具有代表性;难以保证基因转录、翻译及修饰后的表观遗传学的可靠性。
(3)标准化生产难度大、成本高。
(4)肿瘤抗原和佐剂需经由适当的输送系统进入体内。
(5)治疗效果受限于肿瘤免疫抑制性微环境。
现在面临的主要挑战是肿瘤免疫抑制微环境和肿瘤的低免疫原性,难以产生足够强度的肿瘤特异性CD8+T免疫应答。基于此提出了提高新型肿瘤疫苗疗效的两大策略及药物治疗方案:1)重塑肿瘤微环境,天冬酰胺内肽酶Legumain是参与肿瘤进展的重要调控因子,在肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAM)中高表达,靶向TAM中高表达的legumain可作为治疗癌症的新策略。2)利用纳米递送系统提高肿瘤疫苗的免疫应答效率。纳米制剂能将抗原和佐剂共递送至APCs进而增强免疫应答效应,同时纳米制剂能提高疫苗的稳定性,提高递送效率和增强治疗效果。尺寸效应有利于淋巴结靶向,阳离子脂质提高纳米疫苗免疫应答能力,纳米递药系统将不同的药物包载在同一载体里,实现共递送,使之具有较好的体内行为一致性。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的是提供一种免疫佐剂-抗原肽阳离子脂质体疫苗,其可以有效招募并致敏APCs,促进抗原的识别和递呈,从而促使抗原特异性T细胞的活化和增殖。
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述免疫佐剂-抗原肽阳离子脂质体疫苗的制备方法。
本发明的再一个目的是提供上述免疫佐剂-抗原肽阳离子脂质体疫苗的制药用途。
一方面,本发明提供一种阳离子脂质体疫苗的制备方法,所述方法包括在阳离子脂质体中包载免疫佐剂与抗原肽的融合蛋白,其中,所述免疫佐剂与抗原肽的融合蛋白为重组天花粉蛋白与legumain多肽的融合蛋白,其具有SEQ ID NO.:1所示的氨基酸序列。
具体地,本发明提供一种阳离子脂质体疫苗的制备方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)使用大豆磷脂、胆固醇和阳离子脂质材料制备阳离子脂质体膜;
2)用免疫佐剂与抗原肽的融合蛋白的水溶液进行水化(例如,加入钢珠进行水化),直至步骤1)中制备的阳离子脂质体膜完全溶解成乳白色液体,即为初乳;
3)对步骤2)得到的初乳进行超声处理;
4)(例如,采用高压均质机)对经步骤3)处理的初乳进行均质处理,然后(例如,采用脂质体过膜挤出仪)挤出得到粒径均一脂质体;
5)(例如,采用葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱)对得到的粒径均一脂质体进行纯化,然后浓缩。
在具体实施方式中,在步骤1)中,所述阳离子脂质材料包括DOTAP。
在具体实施方式中,在步骤1)中,采用大豆磷脂和DOTAP在三氯甲烷中的溶液制备阳离子脂质体膜,其中大豆磷脂作为磷脂双分子层的骨架成分,DOTAP为阳离子磷脂,增加脂质体表面电荷。
在具体实施方式中,在步骤2)中,所述免疫佐剂与抗原肽的融合蛋白通过以下方式获得:利用大肠杆菌蛋白表达系统,获得连接有可以翻译成目的蛋白(即,天花粉蛋白与legumain多肽的融合蛋白)的基因片段的重组载体,之后将其转入可以表达目的蛋白的宿主细胞从而表达所述免疫佐剂与抗原肽的融合蛋白。
在具体实施方式中,在步骤2)中,融合蛋白的加入量相对于脂质体膜的质量比为1:40~1:8。
另一方面,本发明提供通过上述方法制备得到的阳离子脂质体疫苗。
再一方面,本发明提供所述阳离子脂质体疫苗在制备肿瘤的免疫治疗制剂中的用途。
在具体实施方式中,所述肿瘤可选自legumain高表达的肿瘤,例如,肺癌脑转移瘤、黑色素瘤、原位脑瘤。
有益效果
本发明人经过广泛而深入的研究,首次意外地发现,肿瘤抗原和天花粉蛋白的融合蛋白能够特异性激活体内针对肿瘤的免疫系统,达到抑制肿瘤生长以及扩散的作用,从而成为肿瘤的治疗性疫苗。而纳米载体系统是一种很有前途的非病毒制剂,可以实现肿瘤抗原和佐剂在单个纳米颗粒中的共递送,提高疫苗接种策略的效率,激活特异性T细胞免疫应答。
本发明以肿瘤微环境中的肿瘤相关巨噬细胞为治疗靶点,选择肿瘤相关巨噬细胞特异性表达的legumain作为肿瘤抗原,并结合天花粉蛋白的免疫佐剂作用,构建重组天花粉蛋白-LEG抗原肽“一体化”肿瘤疫苗,采用脂质体包载技术制备新型纳米疫苗递送系统。该“一体化疫苗”脂质体递送系统经局部免疫后,一方面可有效招募APCs,并通过纳米粒的“尺寸效应”实现淋巴结靶向,并致敏淋巴结内APCs,促进抗原的识别和递呈,从而促使抗原特异性T细胞的活化和增殖;另一方面,通过对TAM及肿瘤免疫微环境进行调控,促使抑制性微环境实现“免疫正常化”,从而发挥抗肿瘤免疫治疗作用。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明制备实施例3制备包载水溶性重组天花粉蛋白与legumain多肽的融合蛋白(简称为rTCS-LEG,或者rTL)的阳离子脂质体疫苗的过程及体内共输送策略、体内免疫调节过程图。
图2为根据本发明制备实施例1中rTCS-LEG融合蛋白的表征图,其中,A:rTCS-LEG融合蛋白的纯化色谱图;B:该融合蛋白的质谱分析;C:该融合蛋白粒径分析;D:该融合蛋白纯化后的聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳图。
图3为根据本发明实验实施例1中rTCS-LEG阳离子脂质体疫苗(下文简称为LrTL)表征,其中A:纯化后的聚丙烯酰氨凝胶电泳图;B:粒径图和透射电镜图。
图4为根据本发明实验实施例2中脂质体疫苗的体外免疫激活,APCs细胞对脂质体疫苗的招募及摄取实验。其中A:脂质体对骨髓来源的树突状细胞(BMDC)的招募;B:脂质体对BMDC的招募及统计分析;C:BMDC对脂质体疫苗的摄取流式统计分析图;D:体外APC成熟和T细胞功能测定的示意图。
图5为根据本发明实验实施例2中脂质体疫苗体外致敏BMDC的流式结果分析。其中图A,B,C分别为共刺激分子CD80,CD86及MHCII类分子的表达。
图6为根据本发明实验实施例2中体外致敏后的BMDC对T细胞活化作用。其中A,B,C分别为T细胞增殖及活化相关指标CD8α+Ki-67+T、CD8α+IFN-γ+T、CD8α+GramzB+T的检测结果。
图7为根据实验实施例3脂质体疫苗在体内示踪及分布图。A:不同时间点(5min、1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、24h、48h)用小动物活体成像系统检测接种部位及腹股沟淋巴结荧光强度。B:不同时间点荧光强度扣除本底自发荧光后计算接种部位cy5的荧光强度的动态变化。C:实验终点,小鼠主要脏器(心(H),肝(Li),脾(S),肺(Lu),肾(K),腹股沟淋巴结(LE))的小动物活体成像分析。D:对主要脏器荧光强度定量分析。E:腹股沟淋巴结荧光强度定量分析。
图8为根据实验实施例5脂质体疫苗在B16-F10皮下移植瘤小鼠内免疫治疗效果。其中A:B16-F10皮下移植瘤免疫方案;B:B16-F10皮下移植瘤肿瘤生长曲线分析;C:B16-F10皮下移植瘤生存曲线分析。
图9为根据实验实施例5脂质体疫苗在LLC皮下移植瘤小鼠内免疫治疗效果。其中A:LLC皮下移植瘤免疫方案;B:LLC皮下移植瘤肿瘤生长曲线分析;C:LLC皮下移植瘤生存曲线分析。
图10为根据实验实施例5脂质体疫苗LLC肺癌脑转移模型药效学分析。其中A:LLC肺癌脑转移模型免疫方案;B:LLC肺癌脑转移模型生存曲线分析;C:LLC肺癌脑转移瘤照片及H&E染色。
图11为根据实验实施例5脂质体疫苗在荷瘤小鼠内免疫治疗效果及免疫机制研究,考察不同肿瘤(B16-F10皮下瘤、LLC皮下瘤以及LLC原位脑瘤)Legumain表达量。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例来详细描述本发明的具体实施方式,然而这些具体实施方式并不用于限制本发明的范围。
试剂和药品
大肠杆菌表达菌株E.coli BL21(苏州新赛美生物科技有限公司,中国);Legumain多肽(序列EDVTPENFLAVLR(SEQ ID NO.:2),南京肽业有限公司合成,中国);原核表达载体pTXB-1,pMXB-10(New England Biolabs,英国);重组天花粉蛋白质粒pET28a-TCS;重组天花粉蛋白-legumain质粒pET28a-TCS-legumain(简称rTL质粒)(上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司,中国);几丁质亲和纯化柱填料(Chitin resin,英国);超滤离心管(MWCO 10kDa,Satorius,德国);Cy5-NHS酯、CCK-8试剂盒(大连美仑生物科技有限公司,中国);DMEM细胞培养基(Gibco,Invitrogen,USA);澳洲血源胎牛血清、0.25%胰蛋白酶、青霉素-链霉素双抗、乳酸脱氢酶细胞毒性检测试剂盒、BCA试剂盒(上海碧云天生物技术有限公司);二甲基亚砜、碳酸氢纳、盐酸(国药集团化学试剂有限公司);小室(0.4μm,Corning,USA);ECL化学发光显色液、羧基荧光素琥珀酰亚胺酯染料(CFSE)(Thermo Scientific,USA);重组小鼠GM-CSF、重组小鼠IL-4、重组小鼠M-CSF、重组小鼠IFN-γ、脂多糖(LPS)(Peprotech,美国);鼠源β-actin单克隆抗体(Cat:A1978)、鼠源GAPDH、兔源TMEM抗体(CellSignaling,cat.no.13647),兔源IRF3抗体(Cell Signaling,cat.no.4947);BD GolgiStopTM蛋白转运抑制剂、流式抗体、Matrigel Basement Membrane Matrix(Corning)(BDPharmingen,美国);其它实验所用材料均来源于常规市售产品。
制备实施例1:融合蛋白1(rTCS-LEG(rTL))的制备
TCS-抗原肽蛋白的原核表达和纯化
a:将质粒pET28a-TCS-legumain转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞中。
b:取100μL转化菌种至2mL含有50μg/mL Amp的LB培养基中,37℃,250rpm培养3-4h,培养至对数生长期(600nm吸光值为0.6-0.8),加入终浓度为1mM的IPTG,于25℃,150rpm表达过夜(16h)。
c:冷冻离心(9000rpm,4℃,3min)收集菌体。
d:用HEPES缓冲液(含20mM HEPES,150mM NaCl,1mM EDTA,0.5‰吐温20,pH 8.5)将菌体重悬。
e:探头超声仪破碎菌体(超3s,停3s,功率400W,40min,冰浴),至菌液澄清透亮。
f:菌液离心处理(12000rpm,4℃,30min),收集上清,用0.45μm膜过滤。
g:滤液加入至几丁质柱(用HEPES缓冲液预平衡),流速1mL/min,然后用25倍柱体积的HEPES缓冲液洗去非特异性结合杂质蛋白,流速5mL/min。
h:再用3倍柱体积的切割缓冲液(50mM半胱氨酸)快速流穿,最后保留2mL缓冲液,保证亲和柱填料完全浸泡在切割缓冲液中,关闭层析柱出口,柱上反应16h。
i:收集流出的含有目的蛋白的缓冲液,继续加入30mL HEPES缓冲液,将目的蛋白完全洗脱下来。
j:将含有目的蛋白的收集液超滤离心(MWCO 10kDa,4℃,4500rpm)处理,浓缩至1mL左右,并用脱盐柱除去溶液中多余的半胱氨酸,得到目的重组蛋白TCS-legumain。
制备实施例2:cy5标记重组天花粉蛋白-抗原肽疫苗
1)cy5-NHS酯标记rTL
称取一定量的cy5溶于超纯水中,按照摩尔浓度比rTL:cy5=1:3,将cy5溶液缓慢滴入到rTL中,边滴加边涡旋,置于4℃避光反应过夜,然后用脱盐柱分离,除去未反应的cy5。将收集的rTL-cy5用截留分子量为10kDa的超滤管超滤,浓缩到1.5mL后,用荧光分光光度计法测定cy5的量,分装置于-20℃备用。
2)rTL-cy5标准曲线
采用荧光分光光度计法对rTL-cy5进行荧光定量。用微量移液枪吸取50μL rTL-cy5,加水稀释至2mL。梯度稀释后,在激发光650nm和发射光670nm检测不同浓度样品的cy5荧光强度,并绘制浓度-强度曲线。结果表明,标准曲线公式:y=1.4455x+0.2383,R2=0.9992。
制备实施例3:阳离子脂质体疫苗的制备
1)阳离子脂质体膜的制备
称取大豆磷脂SPC-100 20mg,用三氯甲烷溶解,超声10min,使其终浓度为20mg/mL;称取胆固醇5mg,用三氯甲烷溶解,超声10min,终浓度为5mg/mL,称取DOTAP 10mg,用三氯甲烷溶解,终浓度为1mg/mL。分别取大豆磷脂SPC-100溶液1mL,加入胆固醇溶液1mL,DOTAP溶液0.4mL,水浴超声20秒,充分混匀,加入250mL圆底烧瓶,在37℃条件下,用旋转蒸发仪将上述溶剂旋干,放入真空干燥箱过夜干燥,即成阳离子脂质体膜。
2)将rTCS-LEG水溶液1mL,加入钢珠常温下水化10min,继续加入4mL超纯水充分水化10min至烧瓶底部的薄膜完全溶解成乳白色液体,即为初乳。
3)探头超声,超声条件如下:依次按照10%→20%→30%,超2s,停2s,超声时间为5min,同时使用冰浴防止脂质体过热。
4)高压均质机,均质10次。最后用脂质体过膜挤出仪,依次过400nm,200nm和100nm膜,得到粒径更加均一脂质体,简称为LrTL。
5)根据分子筛原理,用葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱子除去脂质体中的游离rTL。将纯化后的脂质体离心浓缩至1mL,即得到重组天花粉蛋白-抗原肽脂质体。
LrTL-cy5脂质体的制备:制备方法同上,不同之处在于将rTL水溶液换成制备实施例2中制备的rTL-cy5的溶液。
实验实施例1:阳离子脂质体(LrTL)疫苗的体外表征
(1)脂质体的粒径和电位表征
取纯化后的脂质体溶液0.1mL,用超纯水稀释10倍后,用粒度分析仪检测其电位和粒径,LrTL的水合粒径为114nm左右,PDI约为0.2,说明脂质体粒径分布均一。脂质体中因加入阳离子脂质DOTAP,所以表面电荷30mV左右。脂质体的粒径结果由GraphPad prism 8.0作图,结果如图3B。
(2)脂质体在透射电镜下的形态观察
采用透射电镜对脂质体的形态进行观察。具体实验方法如下:先将铜网辉光5min,将纯化后的脂质体溶液稀释到适宜浓度,取10微升滴加到铜网中,置于干燥环境中2分钟,用滤纸小心吸去过量的脂质体溶液,滴加15微升醋酸铀负染5min,在白炽灯下烤炙蒸发水分后,置于透射电镜下观察。结果如图3B。
(3)脂质体的SDS-PAGE表征
对产物纯度进行分析,取一定量的纯化产物,加入10μL还原性的5×loadingbuffer,混匀后沸水煮样5min。然后用12%预混胶电泳检测LrTL及rTL,结果如图3A。
(4)脂质体的包封率和载药量测定
通过rTL-cy5的荧光定量测定脂质体的载药量和药物包封率。具体实验方法是:如制备实施例2中,cy5-NHS酯标记rTL后,用荧光分光光度计测定一系列浓度的rTL-cy5的荧光强度(波长640/680nm),并绘制浓度-荧光强度标准曲线。将葡聚糖凝胶G-50柱子分离得到游离的rTL冻干和脂质体浓缩,将冷冻干燥后的游离rTL-cy5重悬,以及浓缩后的脂质体破乳取上清后,用荧光分光光度计定量,依据以下公式计算载药量和包封率:
结果如下:绘制rTL-cy5的浓度-荧光强度标准曲线,方程为:标准曲线公式:y=1.4455x+0.2383,并计算得脂质体包封率为20%,载药量在0.5wt%-2.5wt%之间。
实验实施例2:脂质体的体外免疫激活
抗原递呈细胞(antigen presenting cells,APCs)包括树突状细胞(Dendriticcells,DC)和巨噬细胞(macrophages,MΦ)。通过考察BMDC和MΦ等APCs对疫苗脂质体的摄取能力及过程,同时考察疫苗脂质体致敏APCs的能力,进而促使T细胞的增殖和活化的能力。
(1)脂质体对APCs的招募
脂质体对BMDC的招募:选用transwell小室,模拟体外抗原对BMDC的招募。将BMDC与重组天花粉蛋白-抗原肽疫苗体外共培养,选用孔径为0.4μm transwell小室,在小室内铺满用无血清培养基稀释好的Matrixgel胶,37℃放置30min,将诱导好后的BMDC收集,细胞计数,细胞悬液的浓度为2×104个/mL,每孔加入200μL细胞悬液,下室加入含有不同药物的DMEM。按照0.1μM的浓度,每孔分别加入rTCS、rTL及LrTL,培养24h。后吸弃培养基,取出上室,用棉签小心拭去小室内壁细胞,PBS洗涤3次,每次5min→75%甲醇,固定,室温固定20min→PBS洗涤3次,每次5min→每孔加入结晶紫染色30min→PBS洗涤3次,每次5min,直至颜色变成淡紫色,选用倒置显微镜拍10倍和20倍明场视野,并进行统计分析。
(2)APCs对脂质体的摄取
诱导分化后BMDC,设置不处理组(Untr)、rTL-cy5组及LrTL组,给药4h后,收集悬浮细胞并用PBS洗涤3次,然后,用流式细胞仪检测CD11c和MHC II双阳性细胞群,分析该细胞群中cy5的平均荧光强度。
(3)流式细胞术检测LrTL致敏APCs后相关指标
BMDC致敏后指标检测:BMDC给药剂量1μM和给药12h,分别设置不处理组(Untr)、rTCS、rTL及LrTL组,采用流式细胞术检测抗原致敏BMDC实验方法。考察MHC I、MHC II、CD80和CD86平均荧光强度的变化,分析组间荧光强度变化,并进行统计分析。
(4)脂质体体外致敏的APCs对T细胞激活作用
流式细胞术检测抗原特异性T细胞的激活。将T淋巴细胞按照一定的比例加入到预先致敏好的BMDC中,BMDC分别用rTCS、rTL及LrTL致敏(包括不处理组),继续于培养箱中培养12h。收集细胞,并对细胞表面(CD8α)和细胞内marker(IFN-γ,Ki-67,GramzB)进行流式抗体染色,同时设置空白管、单阳管,通过流式细胞仪进行检测。
结果分析:
考察了抗原对抗原递呈细胞APCs的招募(图4B),APCs对疫苗脂质体LrTL的摄取(图4C),疫苗脂质体对BMDC的致敏作用(图5),及致敏后的BMDC对T淋巴细胞的激活作用(图6)。首先,抗原对APCs的招募是疫苗激活免疫反应的第一步。实验结果表明,LrTL处理可招募更多APCs。接着进行下一步摄取实验,实验结果表明,阳离子脂质体可以通过细胞内吞和阳离子介导的正负电荷相互作用促进重组疫苗的入胞。致敏后的APCs与T淋巴细胞共孵育,可以有效促进T淋巴细胞的增殖和活化(图6)。最后,APCs也会通过产生IL-1家族的细胞因子和I型干扰素调节T细胞的功能。APCs加工处理抗原后能将外源抗原呈递给MHC I分子并激活CD8α+T细胞,以引起强效的CTL反应。在致敏后APCs,在体外和T细胞共孵育时,诱导更多的抗原特异性CD8α+T细胞,促使T细胞增殖指标Ki-67和活化相关指标IFN-γ和GramzB增多,最终促使更多的淋巴细胞活化。
实验实施例3:脂质体疫苗在体内示踪及分布
检测抗原的体内分布及淋巴结靶向效果,C57BL/6小鼠剃去腹部表层毛发后,随机分成两组,分别足垫注射游离的rTL-cy5和LrTL-cy5。图7示出小动物活体成像分析脂质体疫苗在体内示踪及分布。接种疫苗后开始计时,分别在设定时间点(5min、1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、24h、48h)用小动物活体成像系统检测接种部位及腹股沟淋巴结荧光强度,如图7A。不同时间点荧光强度扣除本底自发荧光后计算接种部位及腹股沟淋巴结中cy5的荧光强度的动态变化,如图7B。实验终点时,小鼠安乐处死,剖离主要脏器(心,肝,脾,肺,肾,腹股沟淋巴结),再次使用小动物活体成像系统对组织脏器进行成像,并对主要脏器(如图7C)及腹股沟淋巴结(如图7D和E)荧光强度进行定量分析。
实验实施例4:脂质体疫苗在荷瘤小鼠内免疫治疗效果及免疫机制研究
(1)B16-F10及LLC皮下移植瘤的建立
消化并收集B16-F10细胞,消化后1000rpm离心3min,细胞沉淀再次用无血清培养基洗涤1次,细胞计数板计数,调整细胞密度为15×105个/mL。冰水保存细胞,保持细胞活力。将待种瘤的C57BL/6小鼠置于生物安全柜中,异氟烷麻醉后,用75%酒精棉球擦拭待种瘤部位进行消毒。然后使用移液枪将细胞吹匀,使用1mL无菌注射器吸取100μL悬液,注入皮下,按压片刻后放回笼子,如图8A。
LLC移植瘤同上,调整细胞密度为20×105个/mL,使用1mL无菌注射器吸取100μL悬液,注入皮下,如图9A。
(2)LLC原位脑瘤的建立
消化并收集LLC细胞,消化后1000rpm离心3min,细胞沉淀再次用无血清培养基洗涤1次,细胞计数板计数,调整细胞密度为1×107个/mL。冰水保存细胞,保持细胞活力。用1%戊巴比妥钠深度麻醉老鼠后,将其固定在脑立体定位仪装置上,剪开头皮,找到颅骨冠状缝与矢状缝的交汇点,以此点为坐标原点确定三维空间的位置,分别向左移动2mm,向下移动1.8mm,即为接种脑肿瘤的正确位置;用2mL注射器针头钻开头骨,用微量进样器将细胞(5μL/只)缓慢注入小鼠左脑内,进3mm退1mm,注射后停留5min缓慢抽出进样器;用生物胶水缝合伤口,灯光照射10min,待小鼠清醒后放回动物房,每天观察小鼠的饮食、运动和健康状况等。
(3)皮下移植瘤模型抗肿瘤效应评价
皮下肿瘤接种后随机分成4组,分未处理组、接种LEG、rTL及LrTL组进行皮下免疫,按照rTL剂量10μg/只,隔3天免疫一次,一共免疫四次。用电子秤称量小鼠体重并记录,电子游标卡尺测量肿瘤大小并记录,按照最大直径(记为a单位:mm)与最小直径(记为b单位:mm)方法。按照以下公式计算瘤体积:(记为V单位mm3):V=a×b2/2。接种疫苗四次后,每组取3只小鼠,安乐死后收集肿瘤组织,脾脏组织,引流淋巴结等进行免疫细胞的检测,收集主要脏器进行H&E染色考察疫苗接种的安全性。其余老鼠继续进行生存曲线分析,以瘤体积到2000mm3或体重下降20%以上为实验终点。
实验结果分析:通过分析B16-F10皮下移植瘤,通过分析LLC移植瘤单组内每只老鼠瘤体积,不处理组快速生长,肿瘤完全消退CR值=0,而LEG、rTL及LrTL组生长较缓,CR值分别为20%,20%,60%,而前两组生长较快,而LrTL组肿瘤生长缓慢,给药期间肿瘤未见明显增长,停药后生长缓慢。
(4)皮下移植瘤模型体内免疫效果研究
①实验终点,将肿瘤引流淋巴结,脾脏组织,肿瘤组织按照以下步骤制成单细胞悬液。
用PBS洗涤三遍,每个组织加500μL PBS将淋巴结研磨后,过滤网,离心(3000rmp,5min)取沉淀,即为单细胞悬液。加入用抗体稀释液配制的CD16/32封闭抗体30μL,冰上封闭20min后离心,弃上清,可进行下一步染色。
②移植瘤肿瘤引流淋巴结免疫应答
检测肿瘤引流淋巴结内APCs的成熟及T细胞的激活作用,制成单细胞悬液后,按照以下多色流式方案染色后,上机检测,分析淋巴结内DC抗原递呈能力、T细胞增殖和活化以及CD8α+DC细胞亚型:
Fixable Viability Stain 510-BV510、CD45-FITC、CD11C-PE/cy7、MHCII-PE、CD80-BV421、CD86-APC、CD3-percp、CD8α-APC/cy7、Ki-67-AF700。
③移植瘤外周免疫应答
将脾脏组织制成单细胞悬液后,按照以下多色流式方案染色后,上机检测:
Fixable Viability Stain 510-BV510、CD45-FITC、CD3-percp、CD8α-APC/cy7、Ki-67-AF700、IFN-γ-PE/cy7、Granzyme B-APC、CD4-BV605、CD25-BV421、Poxp3-PE。
④移植瘤模型肿瘤免疫微环境的调控
将肿瘤组织制成单细胞悬液后,对肿瘤内相关巨噬细胞进行检测,按照以下多色流式方案染色后,上机检测,分析TAM:
Fixable Viability Stain 510-BV510、CD45-FITC、CD11B-BB700、F4/80-BV421、CD86-PE、CD169-AF647、CD206-PE/cy7。
⑤移植瘤模型肿瘤内浸润T细胞免疫应答
将肿瘤组织制成单细胞悬液后,按照淋巴细胞分离液提取方法,分离肿瘤组织淋巴细胞,检测肿瘤组织中CTL和Treg细胞的比例,按照以下多色流式方案染色,上机检测,分析肿瘤组织内浸润T细胞数量和功能,以及调节性T细胞比例:
Fixable Viability Stain 510-BV510、CD45-FITC、CD3-percp、CD8α-APC/cy7、Ki-67-AF700、IFN-γ-PE/cy7、Granzyme B-APC、CD4-BV605、CD25-BV421、Poxp3-PE。
(5)原位脑瘤肿瘤抑制效果分析
以体重下降20%以上以及因为脑肿瘤增大而影响小鼠正常生理活动的动物作为实验终点,实验终点剖离的荷瘤脑组织,先将组织置于4%多聚甲醛中固定48h,然后使用梯度蔗糖进行脱水处理,即20%蔗糖溶液浸泡24h,换成30%蔗糖溶液浸泡24h,再进行脑组织H&E切片。综上通过动物体重,脑组织H&E切片观察肿瘤大小,并对脑组织进行拍照观察脑肿瘤大小。
统计结果发现,LrTL组为24天,不处理组中位生存时间为16天,rTL组为18天,和LrTL组比较均有统计学差异(图10B)。最后分别从三组随机取出3只脑肿瘤,从外观上看,LrTL组瘤体积明显变小(图10C)。最后进行H&E染色确定肿瘤的大小,发现不处理组瘤组织有扩散转移趋势,rTL组瘤体积变大,但是暂无转移趋势,而LrTL组瘤体积明显变小(图10C)。
本申请以肺癌脑转移为模型,LLC原位脑瘤微环境中高表达Legumain,而正常脑组织中legumian低表达(如图11),因此该肿瘤模型可选用LEG抗原进行免疫,选用脂质体疫苗考察其在3种legumain高表达肿瘤模型的免疫效果。
序列表
<110> 中国科学院上海药物研究所
<120> 一种阳离子脂质体疫苗及其制备方法和用途
<130> DI20-1952-XC03
<160> 2
<170> PatentIn version 3.5
<210> 1
<211> 264
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> 重组天花粉蛋白与legumain多肽的融合蛋白
<400> 1
Asp Val Ser Phe Arg Leu Ser Gly Ala Thr Ser Ser Ser Tyr Gly Val
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Phe Ile Ser Asn Leu Arg Lys Ala Leu Pro Asn Glu Arg Lys Leu Tyr
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Asp Ile Pro Leu Leu Arg Ser Ser Leu Pro Gly Ser Gln Arg Tyr Ala
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Leu Ile His Leu Thr Asn Tyr Ala Asp Glu Thr Ile Ser Val Ala Ile
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Asp Val Thr Asn Val Tyr Ile Met Gly Tyr Arg Ala Gly Asp Thr Ser
65 70 75 80
Tyr Phe Phe Asn Glu Ala Ser Ala Thr Glu Ala Ala Lys Tyr Val Phe
85 90 95
Lys Asp Ala Met Arg Lys Val Thr Leu Pro Tyr Ser Gly Asn Tyr Glu
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Arg Leu Gln Thr Ala Ala Gly Lys Ile Arg Glu Asn Ile Pro Leu Gly
115 120 125
Leu Pro Ala Leu Asp Ser Ala Ile Thr Thr Leu Phe Tyr Tyr Asn Ala
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Asn Ser Ala Ala Ser Ala Leu Met Val Leu Ile Gln Ser Thr Ser Glu
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Ala Ala Arg Tyr Lys Phe Ile Glu Gln Gln Ile Gly Lys Arg Val Asp
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Lys Thr Phe Leu Pro Ser Leu Ala Ile Ile Ser Leu Glu Asn Ser Trp
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Ser Ala Leu Ser Lys Gln Ile Gln Ile Ala Ser Thr Asn Asn Gly Gln
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Phe Glu Ser Pro Val Val Leu Ile Asn Ala Gln Asn Gln Arg Val Thr
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Ile Thr Asn Val Asp Ala Gly Val Val Thr Ser Asn Ile Ala Leu Leu
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Leu Asn Arg Asn Asn Met Ala Gly Gly Gly Gly Glu Asp Val Thr Pro
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Glu Asn Phe Leu Ala Val Leu Arg
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<210> 2
<211> 13
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列
<220>
<223> Legumain多肽
<400> 2
Glu Asp Val Thr Pro Glu Asn Phe Leu Ala Val Leu Arg
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Claims (9)
1.一种阳离子脂质体疫苗的制备方法,所述方法包括在阳离子脂质体中包载免疫佐剂与抗原肽的融合蛋白,其中,所述免疫佐剂与抗原肽的融合蛋白为重组天花粉蛋白与legumain多肽的融合蛋白,其具有SEQ ID NO.:1所示的氨基酸序列。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)使用大豆磷脂、胆固醇和阳离子脂质材料制备阳离子脂质体膜;
2)用免疫佐剂与抗原肽的融合蛋白的水溶液进行水化,直至步骤1)中制备的阳离子脂质体膜完全溶解成乳白色液体,即为初乳;
3)对步骤2)得到的初乳进行超声处理;
4)对经步骤3)处理的初乳进行均质处理,然后挤出得到粒径均一脂质体;
5)对得到的粒径均一脂质体进行纯化,然后浓缩。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,在步骤1)中,所述阳离子脂质材料包括1,2-二油酰基-3-三甲氨基丙烷(DOTAP)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,在步骤1)中,采用大豆磷脂和DOTAP在三氯甲烷中的溶液制备阳离子脂质体膜。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,在步骤2)中,融合蛋白的加入量相对于脂质体膜的质量比为1:40~1:8。
6.一种通过权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法制备得到的阳离子脂质体疫苗。
7.如权利要求6所述的阳离子脂质体疫苗在制备肿瘤免疫治疗制剂中的用途。
8.根据权利要求7所述的用途,其中,所述肿瘤为legumain高表达的肿瘤。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其中,所述肿瘤包括肺癌脑转移瘤、黑色素瘤或原位脑瘤。
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