CN114672915A - 一种抗撕裂面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗撕裂面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN114672915A
CN114672915A CN202210471813.3A CN202210471813A CN114672915A CN 114672915 A CN114672915 A CN 114672915A CN 202210471813 A CN202210471813 A CN 202210471813A CN 114672915 A CN114672915 A CN 114672915A
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曹金亮
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Abstract

本发明涉及运动面料技术领域,具体涉及一种抗撕裂面料及其制备方法,包括以下质量份数的原料为尼龙80~120份、改性碳化硅26~55份、聚酯纤维100~150份、酚醛纤维60~100份、丙烯14~35份、四氟乙烯60~100份、改性亚麻纤维150~200份、无水乙醇180~250份、过硫酸钾3~5份;通过炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与聚酯纤维交捻形成经纱,聚丙烯‑四氟乙烯纤维、酚醛纤维和亚麻纤维间隔分布交捻成纬纱,经纬编织成抗撕裂面料,保障了抗撕裂面料中纤维不易断裂,且通过对不同纤维的改性补强,使得纤维制成的面料更具柔韧性、耐磨性、力学强度,同时兼顾了面料的轻质性能,抗撕裂强度和均衡性较强。

Description

一种抗撕裂面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及运动面料技术领域,具体涉及一种抗撕裂面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着化工技术的进步,人们在穿衣选择上有了较大的提高,针对不同场合或者环境,人们不仅可以选择衣物的颜色,而且可以针对环境的特点,选择具有特定功能的衣物,如耐酸碱面料的衣服、防辐射衣服、防静电衣服、防水防灰尘衣服等。近年来,随着生活水平的提高和人民健康意识的进步,越来越多的人喜欢上户外运动,登山、远足、蹦极、骑行等是常见的户外运动方式,户外运动时对衣物、帐篷等有着进一步的要求,不仅仅局限在以前的防水、防风等方面,更要求户外运动所穿衣服、所用帐篷具有更高的机械强度,更久的寿命,要求衣服、帐篷等面料具有较好的耐穿刺和耐撕裂性能,以便衣服、帐篷的耐用性和遇到特殊情况和缺乏救援绳索时,应急使用。
目前,户外用衣服、帐篷等面料多采用涤纶、涤棉等面料,然而,这些面料在往往存在较厚重、不耐撕裂、或者撕裂强度不均匀、撕裂强度不理想的现象,通常只适用一般的户外运动使用,不能在极端恶劣的情况下保持较好的耐撕裂性能,不能作为应急救援抗撕裂用品使用。
为应对复杂多变的户外运动需求,兼顾面料质量、机械强度等方面,制备出具有较好抗撕裂性能的面料,抗撕裂强度和均衡性较强,具有重要的实用和经济价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种抗撕裂面料及其制备方法,通过炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与聚酯纤维交捻形成经纱,聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、酚醛纤维和亚麻纤维间隔分布交捻成纬纱,经纬编织成抗撕裂面料,保障了抗撕裂面料中纤维不易断裂,且通过对不同纤维的改性补强,使得纤维制成的面料更具柔韧性、耐磨性、力学强度,同时兼顾了抗撕裂面料的轻质性能,抗撕裂强度和均衡性较强。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种抗撕裂面料,包括以下质量份数的原料:
Figure BDA0003622894810000021
所述抗撕裂面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的尼龙放入反应容器中,加热至熔融状态,缓慢加入质量份数的改性碳化硅,熔融状态下以60~80r/min的速度搅拌0.5~2h,纺丝得到炭化硅改性尼龙纤维;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与质量份数的聚酯纤维交捻,每两股炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与一股聚酯纤维相搭配,总计6~12根纤维交捻成纱线,用作经纱;
步骤三:取质量份数的丙烯与四氟乙烯加入到反应釜中,依次加入质量份数的无水乙醇和过硫酸钾,设置反应釜的压力为1~4MPa,温度为80~100℃,搅拌速度为100~180r/min,反应时间为3~5h,配置静电纺丝溶液,静电纺丝得到聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维;
步骤四:取步骤三得到的聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、质量份数的酚醛纤维和改性亚麻纤维交捻,聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、酚醛纤维和亚麻纤维1股:1股:1股间隔分布,总计6~18根纤维交捻成纱线,用作纬纱;
步骤五:取步骤二中得到的经纱和步骤四中得到的纬纱进行织布,经纱纬纱密度为380~400根/10cm,纬纱密度250~300根/10cm,得到抗撕裂面料。
所述改性碳化硅,为:取碳化硅微粉和聚乙二醇,400W功率超声分散30min后,在70~80℃的水浴温度下,以60~100r/min的速度搅拌24h,再加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌6~8h,抽滤,80℃烘干,得到改性碳化硅。
所述碳化硅微粉、聚乙二醇和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量比例为碳化硅微粉:聚乙二醇:γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷=2:4~6:1。
所述酚醛纤维为改性酚醛纤维,为:将酚醛树脂与环氧树脂按照酚醛树脂:环氧树脂=100:18~25的质量比例混合,加热至熔融状态,经过熔融纺丝,制得改性酚醛纤维。
所述酚醛树脂通过环氧树脂的改性为:
Figure BDA0003622894810000031
所述步骤三中,配置静电纺丝溶液时使用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为载体溶液。
所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与丙烯-四氟乙烯混合物的质量比为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮:丙烯-四氟乙烯混合物=8~12:1。
所述步骤三中,静电纺丝为,静电纺丝电压13~16KV,纺丝液流量为0.25~0.3mL/h,接收距离为18~21cm。
所述改性亚麻纤维,为,取脱胶后的亚麻纤维加入正硅酸乙酯,浸泡24h后,加入氨水调节pH值为8,继续浸泡0.5~2h,捞出,晾干,得到改性亚麻纤维。
所述脱胶后的亚麻纤维和正硅酸乙酯的质量比为脱胶后的亚麻纤维:正硅酸乙酯=2:3~6。
本发明的有益效果:
1、使用炭化硅改性尼龙,熔融纺丝成纤维,与聚酯纤维交捻成经纱,使用丙烯与四氟乙烯低压下共聚,静电纺丝成超高分子量的聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维,与酚醛纤维和改性亚麻纤维交捻成纬纱,经纱纬纱以合适的线密度编织成面料,面料具有较大的耐磨性能和抗撕裂性能,抗撕裂强度和均衡性较强。
2、炭化硅具有较强的机械性能,但是碳化硅微粉的颗粒较细,表面能高,易发生团聚,本发明为了使碳化硅微粉与尼龙的相容性较好,对炭化硅进行改性,使用聚乙二醇对炭化硅改性,增加炭化硅表面的OH官能团,并使用硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷进一步对炭化硅表面改性,炭化硅表面OH官能团与尼龙中OH官能团以氢键相连接,炭化硅通过硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷与尼龙化学键连接,尼龙中参杂进入炭化硅,制成尼龙纤维后,增加了尼龙纤维的耐磨性能和机械强度。
3、在低压下,使用丙烯与四氟乙烯共聚,再静电纺丝,形成具有超高分子量的聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维,制备超高分子量的聚四氟乙烯纤维过程,对聚四氟乙烯纤维进行改性,使用小量的丙烯参与共聚过程,保留聚四氟乙烯纤维高强度、高耐磨性、耐酸碱性的优点的基础上,减轻聚四氟乙烯纤维的密度,制备出的聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维具有机械强度高、耐磨耐酸碱性能好、质量轻的特点,作为原料纤维参与到抗撕裂面料的制备中,保证面料的轻质特征。
4、酚醛纤维为改性酚醛纤维,以酚醛树脂为制备酚醛纤维的基础材料,酚醛树脂主体为刚性苯环结构,相邻苯环之间通过—CH2OCH2—连接,分子链结构中柔性链段比例非常小,从而导致酚醛树脂的脆性特征,使用环氧树脂对酚醛树脂改性,在加热的条件下,环氧树脂与酚醛树脂发生开环反应,在刚性苯环为主的结构上引入柔性环氧基,改善了酚醛树脂的强度性能,经过熔融纺丝,制得改性酚醛纤维,使得酚醛纤维具有较好的机械强度和较优的柔韧性,不易撕裂、不易脆裂。
5、使用正硅酸乙酯对脱胶后的亚麻纤维进行浸泡,后通过调节pH值,使得浸渍在亚麻纤维内部和表面的正硅酸乙酯脱水成-Si-O-Si-网状结构,进一步增强了亚麻纤维的力学强度,使得亚麻纤维不易断裂,且更具有耐磨性能。
6、炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与聚酯纤维交捻形成经纱,聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、酚醛纤维和亚麻纤维间隔分布交捻成纬纱,经纬编织成抗撕裂面料,经纱和纬纱原料纤维保障了抗撕裂面料中纤维不易断裂,且通过对不同纤维的改性补强,在充分保证原有纤维的优点的情况下,优化了原有纤维部分性能,使得纤维制成的面料更具柔韧性、耐磨性、力学强度,同时兼顾了抗撕裂面料的轻质性能。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种抗撕裂面料,包括以下质量份数的原料:尼龙80份,改性碳化硅26份,聚酯纤维100份,酚醛纤维60份,丙烯14份,四氟乙烯60份,改性亚麻纤维150份,无水乙醇180份,过硫酸钾3份;
所述抗撕裂面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的尼龙放入反应容器中,加热至熔融状态,缓慢加入质量份数的改性碳化硅,熔融状态下以60r/min的速度搅拌0.5h,纺丝得到炭化硅改性尼龙纤维;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与质量份数的聚酯纤维交捻,每两股炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与一股聚酯纤维相搭配,总计6根纤维交捻成纱线,用作经纱;
步骤三:取质量份数的丙烯与四氟乙烯加入到反应釜中,依次加入质量份数的无水乙醇和过硫酸钾,设置反应釜的压力为1MPa,温度为80℃,搅拌速度为100r/min,反应时间为3h,配置静电纺丝溶液,静电纺丝得到聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维;
步骤四:取步骤三得到的聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、质量份数的酚醛纤维和改性亚麻纤维交捻,聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、酚醛纤维和亚麻纤维1股:1股:1股间隔分布,总计6根纤维交捻成纱线,用作纬纱;
步骤五:取步骤二中得到的经纱和步骤四中得到的纬纱进行织布,经纱纬纱密度为380根/10cm,纬纱密度250根/10cm,得到抗撕裂面料。
实施例2
一种抗撕裂面料,包括以下质量份数的原料:尼龙120份,改性碳化硅55份,聚酯纤维150份,酚醛纤维100份,丙烯35份,四氟乙烯100份,改性亚麻纤维200份,无水乙醇250份,过硫酸钾5份;
所述抗撕裂面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的尼龙放入反应容器中,加热至熔融状态,缓慢加入质量份数的改性碳化硅,熔融状态下以80r/min的速度搅拌2h,纺丝得到炭化硅改性尼龙纤维;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与质量份数的聚酯纤维交捻,每两股炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与一股聚酯纤维相搭配,总计12根纤维交捻成纱线,用作经纱;
步骤三:取质量份数的丙烯与四氟乙烯加入到反应釜中,依次加入质量份数的无水乙醇和过硫酸钾,设置反应釜的压力为4MPa,温度为100℃,搅拌速度为180r/min,反应时间为5h,配置静电纺丝溶液,静电纺丝得到聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维;
步骤四:取步骤三得到的聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、质量份数的酚醛纤维和改性亚麻纤维交捻,聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、酚醛纤维和亚麻纤维1股:1股:1股间隔分布,总计18根纤维交捻成纱线,用作纬纱;
步骤五:取步骤二中得到的经纱和步骤四中得到的纬纱进行织布,经纱纬纱密度为400根/10cm,纬纱密度300根/10cm,得到抗撕裂面料。
实施例3
一种抗撕裂面料,包括以下质量份数的原料:尼龙100份,改性碳化硅40份,聚酯纤维120份,酚醛纤维80份,丙烯25份,四氟乙烯80份,改性亚麻纤维180份,无水乙醇200份,过硫酸钾4份;
所述抗撕裂面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的尼龙放入反应容器中,加热至熔融状态,缓慢加入质量份数的改性碳化硅,熔融状态下以70r/min的速度搅拌1h,纺丝得到炭化硅改性尼龙纤维;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与质量份数的聚酯纤维交捻,每两股炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与一股聚酯纤维相搭配,总计10根纤维交捻成纱线,用作经纱;
步骤三:取质量份数的丙烯与四氟乙烯加入到反应釜中,依次加入质量份数的无水乙醇和过硫酸钾,设置反应釜的压力为3MPa,温度为90℃,搅拌速度为140r/min,反应时间为4h,配置静电纺丝溶液,静电纺丝得到聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维;
步骤四:取步骤三得到的聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、质量份数的酚醛纤维和改性亚麻纤维交捻,聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、酚醛纤维和亚麻纤维1股:1股:1股间隔分布,总计12根纤维交捻成纱线,用作纬纱;
步骤五:取步骤二中得到的经纱和步骤四中得到的纬纱进行织布,经纱纬纱密度为390根/10cm,纬纱密度280根/10cm,得到抗撕裂面料。
实施例制备的抗撕裂面料按照标准按GB/T 3917-1:2009《织物撕破性能第一部分冲击摆锤法撕破强力的测定》进行检测,拉伸强度按照标准《ASTM D5034-2017》进行检测,得到的结果如表所示:
Figure BDA0003622894810000081
由上表所示,本发明方法所制备的抗撕裂面料,在经向和纬向都具有较大的撕裂强度和拉伸强度,抗撕裂性能好,拉伸强度高,克重较小,质量轻。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (10)

1.一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于,包括以下质量份数的原料:
Figure FDA0003622894800000011
所述抗撕裂面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤一:取质量份数的尼龙放入反应容器中,加热至熔融状态,缓慢加入质量份数的改性碳化硅,熔融状态下以60~80r/min的速度搅拌0.5~2h,纺丝得到炭化硅改性尼龙纤维;
步骤二:取步骤一得到的炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与质量份数的聚酯纤维交捻,每两股炭化硅改性尼龙纤维与一股聚酯纤维相搭配,总计6~12根纤维交捻成纱线,用作经纱;
步骤三:取质量份数的丙烯与四氟乙烯加入到反应釜中,依次加入质量份数的无水乙醇和过硫酸钾,设置反应釜的压力为1~4MPa,温度为80~100℃,搅拌速度为100~180r/min,反应时间为3~5h,配置静电纺丝溶液,静电纺丝得到聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维;
步骤四:取步骤三得到的聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、质量份数的酚醛纤维和改性亚麻纤维交捻,聚丙烯-四氟乙烯纤维、酚醛纤维和亚麻纤维1股:1股:1股间隔分布,总计6~18根纤维交捻成纱线,用作纬纱;
步骤五:取步骤二中得到的经纱和步骤四中得到的纬纱进行织布,经纱纬纱密度为380~400根/10cm,纬纱密度250~300根/10cm,得到抗撕裂面料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于,所述改性碳化硅,为:取碳化硅微粉和聚乙二醇,400W功率超声分散30min后,在70~80℃的水浴温度下,以60~100r/min的速度搅拌24h,再加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,继续搅拌6~8h,抽滤,80℃烘干,得到改性碳化硅。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于,所述碳化硅微粉、聚乙二醇和γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷的质量比例为碳化硅微粉:聚乙二醇:γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷=2:4~6:1。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于,所述酚醛纤维为改性酚醛纤维,为:将酚醛树脂与环氧树脂按照酚醛树脂:环氧树脂=100:18~25的质量比例混合,加热至熔融状态,经过熔融纺丝,制得改性酚醛纤维。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于:所述酚醛树脂通过环氧树脂的改性为:
Figure FDA0003622894800000021
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于:所述步骤三中,配置静电纺丝溶液时使用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为载体溶液。
7.根据权利要求1或6所述的一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯吡咯烷酮与丙烯-四氟乙烯混合物的质量比为聚乙烯吡咯烷酮:丙烯-四氟乙烯混合物=8~12:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于:所述步骤三中,静电纺丝为,静电纺丝电压13~16KV,纺丝液流量为0.25~0.3mL/h,接收距离为18~21cm。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于:所述改性亚麻纤维,为,取脱胶后的亚麻纤维加入正硅酸乙酯,浸泡24h后,加入氨水调节pH值为8,继续浸泡0.5~2h,捞出,晾干,得到改性亚麻纤维。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种抗撕裂面料,其特征在于:所述脱胶后的亚麻纤维和正硅酸乙酯的质量比为脱胶后的亚麻纤维:正硅酸乙酯=2:3~6。
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