CN114667857A - Bletilla striata seedling domestication optimization method and domesticated bletilla striata seedlings - Google Patents
Bletilla striata seedling domestication optimization method and domesticated bletilla striata seedlings Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology and light industry cross technology, and particularly relates to a bletilla striata seedling domestication optimization method and a bletilla striata seedling domesticated by the method. The specific method comprises the following steps: collecting bletilla striata seeds or bletilla striata seedlings, and performing acclimatization culture under stable matrix and climatic conditions; measuring net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO of rhizoma bletilla seedlings at each time period2Concentration, transpiration rate, chlorophyll content; measuring a photoresponse curve and fitting the photoresponse curve to obtain the acclimation time of the optimal splitting state of the tubers of the bletilla striata seedlings, the acclimation time when the net photosynthetic rate reaches the maximum value at 12-16 hours and the acclimation time with the strongest photosynthetic capacity; and further obtaining the optimal bletilla striata tissue culture seedling transplanting time and the optimal forked branching time. Domesticating rhizoma Bletillae seedlings to form 2-3 forked branch tubers, and transplanting or proliferating the forked branches; while taking white into accountAnd the time for transplanting the seedlings is different from the time for forming the fork-shaped branches, so that the domestication time is optimized and shortened, the seedling raising cost is reduced, and the survival rate and the yield are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural technology and light industry cross technology, and particularly relates to a bletilla striata seedling domestication optimization method and a bletilla striata seedling domesticated by the method.
Background
The bletilla striata of the family Orchidaceae is used as a perennial precious Orchidaceae medicinal herb plant, is suitable for growing between the altitude of 950 + 1600m in Guizhou and under forest, grassland and rock cracks with rich humus in soil, is a precious genuine medicinal material in Guizhou, has the effects of astringing to stop bleeding, reducing swelling and promoting granulation, and can be used for treating hemoptysis and hematemesis, traumatic hemorrhage, skin chap, pyocutaneous disease and pyogenic infections and other diseases.
However, the research on the aspect of illumination by the bletilla striata shows that the bletilla striata can generate obvious photosynthetic 'noon break' phenomenon in hot summer, which indicates that the bletilla striata accords with the characteristics of the yin plants, and the photosynthetic physiological metabolism of most endangered plants is weak. Systematic research aiming at the light adaptability change of the domesticated rhizoma bletillae seedlings in the domestication process is not reported, so that the light adaptability change of the rhizoma bletillae in the domestication process needs to be further systematically observed, the light adaptability regulation rule of the internal photosynthetic mechanism of the rhizoma bletillae domesticated seedlings is explored, a basis is provided for artificial planting, domestication and cultivation of the rhizoma bletillae, and the optimal time for transplanting and forming forked branches of the rhizoma bletillae is determined. After the bletilla striata seedlings are domesticated, the bletilla striata seedlings can be further processed by adopting a whole transplanting or forked branch propagation mode.
Furthermore, in the prior art, the evaluation of the domestication state of the rhizoma bletillae usually only focuses on the photosynthesis rate, the photosynthesis rate is taken as the only standard that the mature rhizoma bletillae culture domestication can be transplanted and forked branch propagation is formed, the influence of accumulation of nutrients of the rhizoma bletillae seedlings and the phenomenon of photosynthetic mid-afternoon break is not considered, the difference of the domestication time of the transplantation and the formation of the forked branch propagation is not considered, and the improvement of the survival rate and the yield of the rhizoma bletillae domestication is restricted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve at least one problem and further improve the domestication survival rate and the yield of the bletilla striata, the invention designs a domestication method of bletilla striata seedlings, wild bletilla striata seedlings are domesticated and cultured under artificial conditions to measure the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO of the bletilla striata seedlings in each time period2Monitoring the improvement condition of the photosynthetic 'noon break' phenomenon of bletilla striata seedlings under the acclimation condition by using indexes such as concentration, transpiration rate and the like, and determining second acclimation time for obviously improving the photosynthetic 'noon break'; simultaneously simulating photoresponse curve to obtain rhizoma bletillae through respirationThe seedling tubers are in the first domestication time of the optimal division state, and the optimal transplanting time of the domesticated bletilla striata seedlings is obtained through the first domestication time, the second domestication time and the third domestication time; and obtaining the optimal tuber formation forked branching time of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings through the second domestication time and the third domestication time.
The domestication optimization method of the bletilla striata seedlings comprises the following steps:
collecting bletilla striata seedlings for domestication culture;
measuring photosynthetic parameters of the bletilla striata seedlings in each time period;
measuring the intracellular pigment content of bletilla striata seedlings in each time period;
measuring and fitting a light response curve;
obtaining first domestication time of bletilla striata seedling tubers in an optimal splitting state according to the fitted photoresponse curve;
obtaining a second domestication time according to the photosynthetic parameters; the net photosynthetic rate of the bletilla striata seedlings corresponding to the second acclimation time reaches the maximum value from 12 hours to 16 hours;
obtaining a third acclimation time for the bletilla striata seedlings to have the strongest photosynthetic capacity according to the intracellular pigment content;
and obtaining domesticated bletilla striata seedlings according to at least one of the first domesticating time, the second domesticating time and the third domesticating time.
Preferably, the optimal transplanting time of the bletilla striata seedlings is obtained according to the first domestication time, the second domestication time and the third domestication time.
Preferably, the optimal transplanting time of the bletilla striata seedlings belongs to the first domestication time, the second domestication time and the third domestication time at the same time.
Preferably, the tuber optimal forked branching time of the common bletilla pseudobulb is obtained according to the second domestication time and the third domestication time.
Preferably, said optimal forking time belongs to both said second acclimation time and said third acclimation time.
Preferably, the photosynthetic parameters includeNet photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2Concentration, transpiration rate.
Preferably, the porosity conductivity is not less than 0.12 [ mu ] mol/m in the second acclimation time range-1·s-1Said intercellular CO2Concentration ≧ 400 μmol-1The transpiration rate is not less than 2.2 mmol/mol-2·s-1。
Preferably, the intracellular pigment comprises chlorophyll.
Preferably, the chlorophyll content is ≧ 8SPAD within the third acclimation time range.
Preferably, the conditions of the acclimatization culture are as follows: nitrogen content of 1-60mg/kg, phosphorus content of 1-40mg/kg, potassium content of 5-100mg/kg, pH value of 7.1-10, substrate humidity of 5-15% RH, substrate temperature of 10-25 deg.C, carbon dioxide content of 100-800 ppm.
Preferably, the conditions of the acclimatization culture are as follows: 15-20mg/kg of nitrogen, 15-30mg/kg of phosphorus, 40-60mg/kg of potassium, 8.1-10 of pH value, 8-15% RH of substrate humidity, 15-25 ℃ of substrate temperature and 500ppm of carbon dioxide.
Preferably, the medium for acclimatization culture consists of peat soil, crushed bark and sawn wood.
Preferably, the period of acclimatization culture is 1-180 days.
Preferably, the fitting model of the photoresponse curve fitting adopts a right-angle hyperbolic curve correction model, and satisfies the following conditions:
the apparent quantum efficiency of AQE plants; i is photosynthetically active radiation；Pn(I) Net photosynthetic rate for photosynthetically active radiation I; α is the initial quantum efficiency; rdIs the dark breathing rate; p is a radical ofnmaxIs the maximum net photosynthetic rate; LSP is the optical saturation point; LCP is the optical compensation point.
Preferably, the dark respiration rate R of the bletilla striata seedlings is within the first domestication time ranged≧0.41μmol·m-2·s-1。
Preferably, the method further comprises selecting bletilla striata seeds to cultivate the bletilla striata seedlings before collecting the bletilla striata seedlings for acclimatization culture.
A domesticated bletilla striata seedling is suitable for being transplanted to large-scale artificial planting, the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate and the daily change of stomatal conductance of the bletilla striata seedling all have single maximum values, and the domestication and optimization method is adopted for domestication and preparation.
A tuber of a domesticated bletilla striata seedling is saddle-shaped and has 2-3 forked branches, and the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance daily variation of the bletilla striata seedling are found to have single maximum values, and the domesticated bletilla striata seedling is domesticated and prepared by adopting the domestication and optimization method.
The beneficial effects are that:
a bletilla striata seedling domestication optimization method comprises the steps of measuring a photoresponse curve, fitting the photoresponse curve, and obtaining first domestication time of bletilla striata seedling tubers in an optimal splitting state according to the fitted photoresponse curve; by measuring net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO of rhizoma bletillae seedlings in each time period 2The concentration and the transpiration rate are used for obtaining a second acclimation time with the shortest duration time of the photosynthetic 'noon break' state of the bletilla striata seedlings; the third domestication time with the strongest photosynthetic capacity is obtained by measuring the chlorophyll content of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings in each time period, and compared with the prior art that the photosynthesis speed is taken as the only standard for culturing, domesticating and maturing common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings to propagate and transplant the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings, the influence of the phenomena of accumulation of nutrients of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings and photosynthesis 'noon break' is not considered, the domestication optimization method of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings simultaneously considers a plurality of factors such as the accumulation of nutrients of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings, the improvement of photosynthesis 'noon break' and the division and proliferation capacity, and can ensure that the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings are cultured in the process of culturing, domesticating and maturing the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlingsPhotosynthetic noon break is improved, and on the basis of accumulating a certain amount of organic nutrient substances, a point with the highest splitting value-added speed of the bletilla striata seedlings is selected as the optimal transplanting time of the bletilla striata seedlings, so that higher substance energy reserve is ensured during splitting reproduction after transplantation of the bletilla striata seedlings, and the domestication survival rate and yield of the bletilla striata are further improved.
Meanwhile, on the basis of selection of the acclimation time required by the bletilla striata seedlings for forked branch propagation, the chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis 'noon break' state are considered on the basis of considering the photosynthetic rate index, so that the optimized acclimation time is closest to the acclimation time when the bletilla striata seedlings have the maximum net organic matter accumulation amount, the problems of low nutrient accumulation amount of the forked branches, low survival rate, low yield and the like caused by too short acclimation time are solved, and the meaningless resource and labor waste caused by the acclimation time process is also avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows different acclimation times and daily changes in net photosynthetic rate;
FIG. 2 shows the diurnal variation of different acclimation times and stomatal conductance;
FIG. 3 shows different acclimation times and intercellular CO2Daily change of concentration;
FIG. 4 shows the daily variation of different acclimation times and transpiration rates;
fig. 5 shows the variation of bletilla striata and chlorophyll content for different acclimation times.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.
A bletilla striata seedling domestication optimization method comprises the following steps:
collecting wild rhizoma bletilla seedlings, and acclimatizing and culturing in stable acclimation matrix and climatic conditions for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days;
determining net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO of rhizoma bletillae seedlings at each time period2Concentration, transpiration rate;
Measuring the chlorophyll content of rhizoma bletillae seedlings in each time period;
measuring and fitting a light response curve;
obtaining first domestication time of the bletilla striata seedlings in the optimal tuber splitting state according to the fitted photoresponse curve;
according to the net photosynthetic rate, the stomatal conductance, the intercellular CO2Obtaining a second domestication time according to the concentration and the transpiration rate; the net photosynthetic rate of the bletilla striata seedlings corresponding to the second acclimation time reaches the maximum value from 12 hours to 16 hours;
obtaining a third acclimation time for the chloroplasts of the bletilla striata seedlings to have the strongest photosynthetic capacity according to the chlorophyll content;
obtaining the optimal transplanting time of the domesticated bletilla striata seedlings according to the first domestication time, the second domestication time and the third domestication time; and obtaining the optimal forked branching time of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings through the second domestication time and the third domestication time.
Preferably, the indexes of the acclimatized substrate are as follows: nitrogen content of 1-60mg/kg, phosphorus content of 1-40mg/kg, potassium content of 5-100mg/kg, pH value of 7.1-10, substrate humidity of 5-15% RH, and substrate temperature of 10-25 deg.C.
Preferably, the indexes of the acclimatized substrate are as follows: nitrogen content 15-20mg/kg, phosphorus content 15-30mg/kg, potassium content 40-60mg/kg, pH value 8.1-10, substrate humidity 8-15% RH, substrate temperature 15-25 deg.C; the domestication substrate consists of peat soil, crushed barks and sawn timber faces.
Preferably, the acclimatized climate condition is that the carbon dioxide content is 100-800 ppm.
Preferably, the acclimatized climate condition is carbon dioxide content of 300-500 ppm.
In a feasible embodiment, bletilla striata seeds are selected and cultured into bletilla striata seedlings, and then the bletilla striata seedlings are cultured and acclimatized according to the method.
Example 1
A bletilla striata seedling domestication optimization method comprises the following steps:
collecting wild rhizoma bletilla seedlings, and acclimatizing and culturing in stable acclimation matrix and climatic conditions for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days;
measuring net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO of rhizoma bletilla seedlings at each time period2Concentration, transpiration rate;
measuring the chlorophyll content of rhizoma bletillae seedlings in each time period;
measuring and fitting a light response curve;
obtaining first domestication time of bletilla striata seedling tubers in an optimal splitting state according to the fitted photoresponse curve;
according to net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2Obtaining a second domestication time according to the concentration and the transpiration rate; the duration time of the photosynthetic 'noon break' state of the bletilla striata seedlings corresponding to the second domestication time is shortest;
obtaining a third acclimation time that the chloroplasts of the bletilla striata seedlings have the strongest photosynthetic capacity according to the chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters;
And obtaining the optimal transplanting time of the domesticated rhizoma bletillae seedlings and the optimal tuber formation forked branching time of the rhizoma bletillae seedlings according to the first domestication time, the second domestication time and the third domestication time.
Preferably, the indexes of the acclimatized substrate are as follows: nitrogen content 1mg/kg, phosphorus content 1mg/kg, potassium content 5mg/kg, pH 7.1, substrate humidity 5% RH, substrate temperature 10 ℃.
Preferably, the acclimatized climatic conditions are a carbon dioxide content of 100 ppm.
Example 2
A bletilla striata seedling domestication optimization method comprises the following steps:
collecting wild rhizoma bletilla seedlings, and acclimatizing and culturing in stable acclimation matrix and climatic conditions for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days;
measuring net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO of rhizoma bletilla seedlings at each time period2Concentration, transpiration rate;
measuring the chlorophyll content of rhizoma bletillae seedlings in each time period;
measuring and fitting a light response curve;
obtaining first domestication time of bletilla striata seedling tubers in an optimal splitting state according to the fitted photoresponse curve;
according to net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2Obtaining a second domestication time according to the concentration and the transpiration rate; the duration time of the photosynthetic 'noon break' state of the bletilla striata seedlings corresponding to the second domestication time is shortest;
Obtaining a third acclimation time for the chloroplasts of the bletilla striata seedlings to have the strongest photosynthetic capacity according to the chlorophyll;
and obtaining the optimal transplanting time of the domesticated common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings and the optimal tuber formation forked branching time of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings according to the first domestication time, the second domestication time and the third domestication time.
Preferably, the indexes of the domesticated matrix are as follows: nitrogen content of 60mg/kg, phosphorus content of 40mg/kg, potassium content of 100mg/kg, pH value of 10, substrate humidity of 15% RH, and substrate temperature of 25 ℃.
Preferably, the acclimatized climatic conditions are a carbon dioxide content of 800 ppm.
Example 3
A bletilla striata seedling domestication optimization method comprises the following steps:
collecting wild rhizoma bletilla seedlings, and acclimatizing and culturing in stable acclimation matrix and climatic conditions for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days;
measuring net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO of rhizoma bletilla seedlings at each time period2Concentration, transpiration rate;
measuring the chlorophyll content of rhizoma bletillae seedlings in each time period;
measuring and fitting a light response curve;
obtaining first domestication time of bletilla striata seedling tubers in an optimal splitting state according to the fitted photoresponse curve;
according to net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2Obtaining a second domestication time according to the concentration and the transpiration rate; photosynthesis of bletilla striata seedlings corresponding to second acclimation time The duration of the action 'noon break' state is shortest;
obtaining a third acclimation time that the chloroplasts of the bletilla striata seedlings have the strongest photosynthetic capacity according to the chlorophyll and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters;
and obtaining the optimal transplanting time of the domesticated common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings and the optimal tuber formation forked branching time of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings according to the first domestication time, the second domestication time and the third domestication time.
Preferably, the indexes of the domesticated matrix are as follows: the nitrogen content is 17mg/kg, the phosphorus content is 23mg/kg, the potassium content is 58mg/kg, the pH value is 9, the substrate humidity is 10.6 percent RH, and the substrate temperature is 16.2 ℃; the domesticated matrix consists of peat soil, crushed bark and sawn timber.
Preferably, the acclimatized climatic conditions are a carbon dioxide content of 400 ppm.
General description of the experiment
Adopting wild bletilla striata seedlings or artificially cultured bletilla striata seedlings from wild bletilla striata seeds, domesticating a domestication base to obtain a domesticated matrix with nitrogen content of 17mg/kg, phosphorus content of 23mg/kg, potassium content of 58mg/kg, soil pH value of 9, carbon dioxide content of 400ppm, matrix humidity of 10.6% RH and matrix temperature of 16.2 ℃; the matrix is peat soil, crushed bark and sawed wood surface (2:4: 4).
Test method
And (3) taking domestication for 30 days as a control group, carrying out photosynthetic index determination on different domestication times (30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days) of the white and domesticated seedlings, randomly selecting 10 times for repeated determination in each treatment, and marking repeatedly.
Determination of photosynthetic daily Change
Bletilla striata top first fully expanded leaf, 3 replicates per treatment. Measuring time: morning in sunny days 8: 00-18: 00 o' clock, and the measurement indexes comprise net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2Concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr).
Determination of photosynthetic-photoresponse curves
Fitting of optical response curves
The light response curve is fitted, the fitting model adopts a right-angle hyperbolic curve correction model, the fitting model of the light response curve fitting adopts a right-angle hyperbolic curve correction model, and the requirements are met:
the apparent quantum efficiency of AQE plants; i is photosynthetically active radiation; pn(I) Net photosynthetic rate for photosynthetically active radiation I; α is the initial quantum efficiency; r dIs the dark breathing rate; p is a radical ofnmaxIs the maximum net photosynthetic rate; LSP is the optical saturation point; LCP is the optical compensation point. In the fitting (nonlinear regression analysis), initial values of the parameters α ═ 0.05, β ═ 0.0001, γ ═ 0.01, and R are setd＝1、pnmaxThe parameters are limited to alpha less than or equal to 0.125 and Pnmax less than or equal to 30 as measured values, data are stored, predicted values are selected, the parameter values of different plants in the model are estimated by a sequence quadratic programming method or an iterative method, and a light response fitting curve scatter diagram is obtained by fitting a rectangular hyperbola correction model. Because the right-angle hyperbolic model is a function with extreme value, the maximum net photosynthetic rate Pnmax, the light saturation point LSP and the light compensation point of different acclimation time common bletilla can be directly solved by the expressionAnalytical solution of LCP.
Chlorophyll content determination
Measuring the total content of bletilla striata chlorophyll by using a chlorophyll meter.
Results and analysis
Photo-photosynthetic-photoresponse curve
The photosynthetic-photoresponse model is a systematic analysis of response simulation of plant photosynthesis to illumination intensity, and the utilization efficiency of photosynthesis to light intensity can be effectively known through measurement of a photosynthetic-photoresponse curve.
It was found in the study that the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) of bletilla striata gradually increased with increasing acclimation time by fitting the photoresponse curve, p nmaxAnd the LSP value reaches the maximum value and the LCP value is at the lower value when the bletilla striata is domesticated for 180 days, which shows that the domesticated bletilla striata has stronger luminous energy conversion efficiency and growth speed and the maximum potential of assimilating carbon dioxide in unit leaf area, and simultaneously the bletilla striata has the highest potential utilization capacity under weak light, can carry out photosynthesis to the maximum extent and has stronger shade resistance. When the bletilla striata is acclimated for 180 days, the Rd value is kept low, because the acclimated bletilla striata seedlings can preserve organic matters of the bletilla striata seedlings and belong to strains with high productivity. The LSP value and LCP value of the bletilla striata seedlings domesticated for 30 days are both lower values, which are caused by weak photosynthetic adaptability due to the fact that domestication time is short and the bletilla striata domesticated seedlings are fragile.
Specific experimental operations are shown in table 2-1, and fig. 1 shows experimental results of daily changes of net photosynthetic rates and different acclimation times, and the changes of the net photosynthetic rates and different acclimation times at different time points have significant interaction. Under the same domestication time, the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings are domesticated for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days in the conditions that the ratio of 8: 00-18: the net photosynthetic rate in the 00 time period is in a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing, and is in a single-peak type. Removing acclimatization for 120 days, and performing 14: 00 reaches the maximum, and the domestication time is 12 days, 60 days, 90 days, 150 days and 180 days: 00 reaches the maximum value, wherein the rhizoma bletillae is domesticated for 180 days, compared with 8: 00 net photosynthetic rate, significantly increased by 1.37 times; domestication is carried out for 120 days at 14: 00 to maximum, compare 8: the net photosynthetic rate of 00 increased significantly by 46.7%.
Under the same determination time, the domestication time of the bletilla striata seedlings is 8 days, 90 days, 150 days and 180 days: 00-18: the net photosynthetic rate in the 00 time period is obviously higher than that of the domestication of the bletilla striata seedlings for 30 days, and the domestication time for 120 days is 8: 00 tended to be slightly lower but not significant than acclimation for 30 days, and acclimation for 180 days was maximal at all assay time points, at 12: the net photosynthetic rate at 00 days is obviously increased by 4.39 times compared with 30 days of acclimatization.
TABLE 2-1 analysis of variance of photosynthetic daily variation index of bletilla striata at different acclimation times
Note: the data in the table are F and P values for two-way ANOVA at a 0.05 level
TABLE 2-2 different acclimation time and leaf photoresponse parameters
As can be seen from Table 2-2, the apparent quantum efficiency, the light compensation point, the dark respiration rate and the maximum net photosynthetic rate of bletilla were all higher than those of bletilla in acclimation for 30 days under different acclimation time conditions. The apparent quantum efficiency is in an increasing trend along with the continuous accumulation of the acclimation time, the maximum value is reached after 180 days of acclimation, and the number of the acclimated seedlings is increased by 97.22 percent compared with that of the acclimated seedlings of bletilla striata for 30 days; the light saturation point reaches the maximum value when domesticated for 180 days, the value is increased by 34.44 percent compared with that of domesticated common bletilla tuber seedlings domesticated for 30 days, and the light saturation point values are sequentially domesticated for 180 days, 150 days, 120 days, 60 days, 30 days and 90 days; the dark respiration rate reaches the maximum value when domesticated for 120 days, is increased by 2.69 times compared with domesticated rhizoma bletillae seedlings domesticated for 30 days, and the dark respiration rate sequence is that domestication is carried out for 120 days, 60 days, 150 days, 90 days, 180 days and 30 days; the optical compensation points reach the maximum value when domesticated for 60 days, the optical compensation points are increased by 1.64 times compared with domesticated bletilla striata seedlings domesticated for 30 days, and the optical compensation points are sequentially domesticated for 60 days, 120 days, 90 days, 150 days, 180 days and 30 days; the maximum net photosynthetic rate reaches the maximum value when the plants are domesticated for 180 days, the maximum net photosynthetic rate is increased by 1.53 times compared with that of domesticated bletilla striata seedlings which are domesticated for 30 days, and the maximum net photosynthetic rate sequence is that the domestication time is more than 180 days, more than 150 days, more than 120 days, more than 90 days, more than 60 days, and more than 30 days.
Further, as can be seen from Table 2-2, the dark respiration rate R of bletilla striata seedlingsd＜0.41μmol·m-2·s-1In time, the respiration and the seedling proliferation speed are slow, and the seedlings are in the domestication initial stage or the maturation stable stage which is not adapted to the domestication environment; transplanting the seedlings again in the initial acclimatization stage, wherein the seedling adaptability is poor and the survival rate is low; and in the mature and stable period, the bletilla striata seedlings tend to be mature and stable, nutrients tend to be accumulated in cells, the level of relevant hormones for cell division is reduced, the cell division capability is reduced, and the bletilla striata seedlings are not suitable for re-transplantation. Thus Rd≧0.41μmol·m-2·s-1The corresponding acclimation time is 60-150 days, which can be used as the first acclimation time for acclimating rhizoma bletillae seedlings.
Fig. 2 shows the different acclimation times and the daily changes of stomatal conductance, under the same acclimation time treatment, the measurement period 8: 00-12: the daily change difference of the 00-pair white and the porosity conductivity is obvious. Domestication of bletilla striata seedlings is carried out for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days, wherein the domestication time is 8: 00-18: the porosity conductivity in the 00 time period is in a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and is in a monomodal mode. Wherein, the domestication time for 30 days and 90 days is 12: the maximum value of porosity conductance appears at 00, but is more than 8: the difference of the porosity conductance at 00 is not obvious; domestication is carried out for 60 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days, wherein the domestication time is 10: the maximum value of the porosity conductance appears at 00, and is more than 8: the porosity conductance value at 00 days is obviously increased by 7.5 percent, 12.68 percent and 5.37 percent respectively after 120 days, 150 days and 180 days of acclimation.
Under the same measuring time, the daily variation of the conductance of the pores of the bletilla striata seedlings at different acclimatization times is obvious. A gradual rising trend is shown between 8:00 and 12:00, 14: 00-16: 00 generally shows a trend of first rising and then falling. Domestication of bletilla striata seedlings is carried out for 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days, and the domestication time is 8: 00-18: the air pore conductance in the 00 time period is obviously higher than that of the common bletilla tuber seedlings domesticated for 30 days, wherein the common bletilla tuber domesticated for 180 days is 8:00-12: the pore conductance values of the 00 time period are obviously increased by 5.54 times, 3.90 times and 2.69 times compared with the pore conductance values of the 30 days after acclimation; acclimation for 150 days at 14: 00-18: the pore conductance values of the 00 time period are obviously increased by 15.55 times, 11.92 times and 23.66 times compared with the pore conductance values of the 30 days of acclimation.
FIG. 3 showsShows different acclimation times and intercellular CO2Intercellular CO with daily variation of concentration and different acclimation times of rhizoma bletillae2The change in concentration at different time points interacts significantly. Under the same acclimation time treatment, the common bletilla pseudobulb is acclimated for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days at the ratio of 8:00-12: intercellular CO at time interval 002The concentration is in the trend of descending first and then ascending, and is in a U shape. Wherein the domestication is carried out for 60 days, 90 days and 150 days, wherein the domestication is carried out in a proportion of 12:00 appearance of intercellular CO2The concentration is the lowest value, and the concentration is remarkably reduced by 12.54 percent and 12.46 percent respectively in 90 days and 150 days of acclimation compared with 30 days of acclimation; acclimation for 120 days and 180 days in 14: 00 appearance of intercellular CO 2The lowest concentration value is respectively reduced by 8.99 percent and 20.35 percent compared with 30 days of acclimation; acclimation for 30 days is carried out at 16: 00 appearance of intercellular CO2The lowest concentration, a significant 40.33% reduction.
At the same determination time, bletilla striata intercellular CO at different acclimation times2The daily variation of the concentration is remarkably different. Domestication of the domesticated rhizoma bletillae seedlings is carried out for 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days, and the domestication time is 8: 00-18: intercellular CO time period 002The concentration is obviously higher than that of the domestication of the bletilla striata seedlings for 30 days, wherein the domestication of the bletilla striata seedlings for 180 days is carried out in a range of 8: 36.61% and 39.39% are obviously increased in the time period of 00-10:00 compared with 30 days of acclimatization; domestication of bletilla striata seedlings for 120 days is 12: 00-18: the time period 00 is obviously increased by 34.43%, 50.58%, 63.82% and 83.53% compared with 30 days of acclimatization.
Fig. 4 shows the diurnal variation of the bletilla striata and the transpiration rate for different acclimation times, with significant interaction between the variation of the transpiration rate for different acclimation times at different time points. Under the same acclimation time treatment, the common bletilla pseudobulb is acclimated for 30 days, 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days at the ratio of 8: 00-12: the transpiration rate in the 00 time period is in a trend of ascending first and then descending, and is in a monomodal mode. Wherein the domestication time is 30 days, 60 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days are 12: 00 to the maximum transpiration rate, compare 8: 00 increased significantly 91.21%, 35.35%, 58.95%, 80.18% and 31.69%, but acclimated for 90 days at 14: 00 to the maximum transpiration rate, compare 8: the 00 is obviously increased by 92.67 percent.
Under the same measurement time, the difference of different acclimation times and the daily change of transpiration rates is obvious. The domestication of the rhizoma bletillae is carried out for 60 days, 90 days, 120 days, 150 days and 180 days, wherein the weight percentage of the domestication of the rhizoma bletillae is 8: 00-18: the bletilla striata transpiration rate in the 00 time period is obviously higher than that of the bletilla striata seedlings domesticated for 30 days. Wherein at 12: 00-14: in the time period of 00, the bletilla striata transpiration rate is fastest and is obviously higher than that of domestication for 30 days.
Further, as can be seen from fig. 2 to 4, through the research on net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and daily change of stomatal conductance of rhizoma bletillae in different acclimation times, it is found that the rhizoma bletillae all present a "monomodal" curve, which indicates that no photosynthetic "noon break" phenomenon occurs in the acclimated rhizoma bletillae seedlings, photosynthetic productivity and light energy utilization rate are high, and the rhizoma bletillae has certain tolerance to high temperature and strong light, during the acclimation process, the rhizoma bletillae can convert excessive natural light energy into heat energy, reduce the occurrence of light inhibition phenomenon, maintain the photosynthetic rate at a high level, and simultaneously, the rhizoma bletillae can simultaneously treat CO in the environment2The fixing ability of the fixing device is stronger; the net photosynthetic rate of bletilla striata is improved more favorably along with the increase of the acclimation time. The plants need to continuously absorb CO from the external environment2As raw material for photosynthesis to form organic matter, CO in air2The concentration determines the photosynthetic rate of the plant. In the study, the bletilla striata is found to have intercellular CO at different domestication times 2The concentration is inversely related to the net photosynthetic rate, and shows a U-shaped curve change, the high temperature and the strong light at noon close stomata, and CO required by the plant for photosynthesis2Obtained from cells, but with intercellular CO closed by stomata2Can not be timely supplemented, and CO stored between cells can be consumed2So, at 12: 00-14: intercellular CO time period 002The concentration is reduced. The research shows that the peak value of the conductance of the bletilla striata in the air holes is 10: 00-12: 00, from 12: after 00 to 18: 00 porosity reduction, intercellular CO2The concentration trend remained consistent from 8: 00-12: before 00, the conductance of the bletilla striata stomata tends to increase in different domestication times, which shows that the whole net photosynthetic rate change regulation of the bletilla striata is regulated by both stomatal limitation and non-stomatal limitation.
Porosity conductance < 0.12 [ mu ] mol.m-1·s-1Intercellular CO2The concentration is less than 400 mu mol-1(ii) a The transpiration rate is less than 2.2 mmol/mol-2·s-1The corresponding acclimation time and the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings (30 days of acclimation time) have obvious lightThe phenomenon of 'noon break' is combined, and the acclimation environment is not completely adapted; thereby satisfying the requirement of porosity conductivity ≧ 0.12 μmol/m-1·s-1Intercellular CO2Concentration ≧ 400 μmol-1Transpiration rate ≧ 2.2 mmol/mol-2·s-1The second acclimation time range of (3) is 90 days to 180 days.
Chlorophyll parameters
Chlorophyll is an important index for reflecting the photosynthetic performance of leaves, and the change trend of the chlorophyll content of the domesticated rhizoma bletillae seedlings reaches the maximum value in 180 days of domestication along with the transition of the domestication time, because the chloroplast gradually develops and matures in the domestication process and effectively exchanges gas with the outside.
Fig. 5 shows that the content of bletilla striata and the content of chlorophyll change at different acclimation times, and the content of bletilla striata and the content of chlorophyll change at different acclimation times are different significantly. With the continuous accumulation of the acclimatization time, the chlorophyll content of the acclimatized rhizoma bletillae seedlings is in an ascending trend, and the maximum value is reached after 180 days of acclimatization, and the chlorophyll content is respectively and obviously increased by 33.33 percent, 77.98 percent, 1.08 times, 1.30 times and 1.67 times compared with 30 days of acclimatization.
As can be seen from the analysis in fig. 1, the net photosynthetic rate acclimation time of 60 days at 8:00, 10:00, 12:00, 16:00, 18:00 days significantly longer than 90 days, 120 days and 150 days per day is caused by the slow cell proliferation and division due to the low dark respiration rate; from FIG. 5, it is clear that the chlorophyll content was continuously increased; therefore, the total photosynthetic rate of the SPAD with the chlorophyll content of less than 8 is not high, and the main acclimatization process is not completed, so that the acclimatization time corresponding to the chlorophyll content of more than or equal to 8SPAD is set to be 120 days to 180 days as the third acclimatization time range.
Further, because the dark respiration rate, the cell division and proliferation rate, the photosynthetic "noon break" improvement and the nutrient accumulation of the seedlings need to be mainly considered, the optimal transplanting time of the rhizoma bletillae seedlings needs to belong to the first domestication time, the second domestication time and the third domestication time at the same time, and therefore the selectable range is 120-150 days.
Meanwhile, because the improvement of photosynthesis in noon break and the accumulation of nutrients of seedlings are mainly considered, the optimal forked branching time of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings belongs to the second domestication time and the third domestication time at the same time, and the optional range is 120-180 days.
In some optional embodiments, the photoresponse curve is measured and fitted, and the first acclimation time of the bletilla striata seedling tuber in the optimal division state is obtained according to the fitted photoresponse curve.
In some optional embodiments, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO of rhizoma bletillae seedlings are measured in each time period2The concentration and the transpiration rate obtain the second acclimation time with shortest duration time of the photosynthetic 'noon break' state of the bletilla striata seedlings.
In some alternative embodiments, the third acclimation time with the strongest photosynthetic capacity is obtained by measuring the chlorophyll content of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings in each time period.
In some optional embodiments, compared with the prior art that the photosynthesis rate is used as the only standard of rhizoma bletillae cultivation and domestication maturity, propagation and transplantation of forked branches can be achieved, and the influence of accumulation of nutrients of rhizoma bletillae seedlings and photosynthesis 'noon break' is not considered, the domestication optimization method of the rhizoma bletillae seedlings provided by the invention simultaneously considers multiple factors such as accumulation of nutrients of the rhizoma bletillae seedlings, improvement of photosynthesis 'noon break' and division and proliferation capacity, can ensure that the rhizoma bletillae seedlings are improved in photosynthesis 'noon break', selects a point with the highest classification and appreciation rate of the rhizoma bletillae seedlings as the optimal transplantation time of the rhizoma bletillae seedlings on the basis of accumulation of a certain amount of organic nutrients, ensures that the rhizoma bletillae has higher material energy reserve during division and then improves the survival rate and the yield of domestication of the rhizoma bletillae.
Meanwhile, on the basis of selecting the acclimation time required by the propagation of the forked branches of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings, the chlorophyll content and the photosynthesis 'noon break' state are considered on the basis of considering the photosynthetic rate index, so that the optimized acclimation time is closest to the acclimation time when the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings have the maximum net organic matter accumulation amount, the problems of low nutrient substance accumulation amount of the forked branches, low survival rate, low yield and the like caused by too short acclimation time are solved, and the meaningless resource and labor waste caused by the acclimation time process is also avoided.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice.
Claims (18)
1. The domestication optimization method of the bletilla striata seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
collecting bletilla striata seedlings for domestication culture;
measuring photosynthetic parameters of the rhizoma bletillae seedlings in each time period;
measuring the intracellular pigment content of bletilla striata seedlings in each time period;
measuring and fitting a light response curve;
obtaining first domestication time of tubers of the common bletilla pseudobulb seedlings in an optimal splitting state according to the fitted photoresponse curve;
obtaining second domestication time according to the photosynthetic parameters, wherein the net photosynthetic rate of bletilla striata seedlings corresponding to the second domestication time reaches the maximum value from 12 hours to 16 hours;
obtaining a third acclimation time for the bletilla striata seedlings to have the strongest photosynthetic capacity according to the intracellular pigment content;
and obtaining domesticated bletilla striata seedlings according to at least one of the first domesticating time, the second domesticating time and the third domesticating time.
2. The acclimatization-optimization method according to claim 1, wherein an optimal bletilla striata seedling transplanting time is obtained according to the first acclimatization time, the second acclimatization time and the third acclimatization time.
3. The domestication optimization method according to claim 2, wherein the optimal transplanting time of the bletilla striata seedlings belongs to the first domestication time, the second domestication time and the third domestication time at the same time.
4. The acclimatization-optimization method according to claim 1, wherein the tuber optimal forked branching time of the bletilla striata seedlings is obtained according to the second acclimatization time and the third acclimatization time.
5. The acclimatization-preferred method according to claim 4, characterized in that the optimal forking time belongs to both the second acclimatization time and the third acclimatization time.
6. Domestication preferred method according to claim 3 or 5, wherein the photosynthetic parameters comprise net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2Concentration, transpiration rate.
7. The acclimatization-optimization method according to claim 6, wherein the stomatal conductance ≧ 0.12 μmol-m in the second acclimatization time range-1·s-1Said intercellular CO2Concentration ≧ 400 μmol-1The transpiration rate is not less than 2.2 mmol/mol-2·s-1。
8. The acclimatization-preferred method according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the intracellular pigments comprise chlorophyll.
9. The acclimatization optimization method according to claim 8, wherein the content of chlorophyll is ≧ 8SPAD in the third acclimatization time range.
10. The acclimatization preference method according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the conditions of acclimatization culture are: 1-60mg/kg of nitrogen, 1-40mg/kg of phosphorus, 5-100mg/kg of potassium, 7.1-10 of pH value, 5-15% RH of substrate humidity, 10-25 ℃ of substrate temperature and 800ppm of carbon dioxide.
11. The acclimatization preference method according to claim 10, wherein the conditions of acclimatization culture are: 15-20mg/kg of nitrogen, 15-30mg/kg of phosphorus, 40-60mg/kg of potassium, 8.1-10 of pH value, 8-15% of matrix humidity RH, 15-25 ℃ of matrix temperature and 500ppm of carbon dioxide.
12. Acclimatization preference method according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the medium of acclimatization culture consists of peat soil, crushed bark and sawn wood flour.
13. The acclimatization-preferred method according to claim 3 or 5, characterized in that the time of acclimatization culture is 1-180 days.
14. The domestication optimization method according to claim 3, wherein the fitting model of the fitting of the light response curve adopts a rectangular hyperbola correction model, and satisfies the following conditions:
The apparent quantum efficiency of AQE plants; i is photosynthetically active radiation; pn(I) Net photosynthetic rate for photosynthetically active radiation I; α is the initial quantum efficiency; rdIs the dark breathing rate; p is a radical ofnmaxIs the maximum net photosynthetic rate; LSP is the optical saturation point; LCP is the optical compensation point.
15. The acclimatization-preferred method according to claim 14, wherein the dark respiration rate R of bletilla striata seedlings in the first acclimatization time ranged≧0.41μmol·m-2·s-1。
16. The domestication optimization method according to claim 3 or 5, wherein the bletilla striata seeds are selected and cultured into bletilla striata seedlings before the bletilla striata seedlings are collected and domesticated and cultured.
17. Domesticated bletilla striata seedlings are suitable for being transplanted to large-scale artificial planting, the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate and the daily change of stomatal conductance of the bletilla striata seedlings have single maximum values, and the bletilla striata seedlings are domesticated and prepared by the domestication optimization method according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or 6 to 16.
18. Domesticated bletilla striata seedlings are characterized in that tubers of the bletilla striata seedlings are in a saddle shape, have 2-3 forked branches and are suitable for seedling division planting, the net photosynthetic rate, the transpiration rate and the daily change of stomatal conductance of the bletilla striata seedlings all have single maximum values, and the domestication is performed by the domestication optimization method according to any one of claims 1, 4-13 or 16.
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